8505421.fm Page 1 Wednesday, October 27, 1999 10:20 AM Important information about this document The following document, the Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Tape Drive Product Manual, is the complete guide for this tape drive. Because the tape drive comes installed in your GatewayTM computer, some of the information in the product manual does not apply. This information is listed below. ■ Installing hardware and software Your Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Tape Drive comes installed on your Gateway computer.
...................................... Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Tape Drive ...................................... STD1401LW ...................................... STD2401LW ...................................... STD6401LW ...................................... Product Manual ......................................
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...................................... Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Tape Drive ...................................... STD1401LW ...................................... STD2401LW ...................................... STD6401LW ...................................... Product Manual ......................................
© 1999 Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved Publication Number: 10006598-001, Version A, October 22, 1999 Seagate, Seagate Technology, the Seagate logo, Scorpion and the Scorpion logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications.
FCC Notice This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions— may cause interference to radio communications or radio and television reception.
About This Manual All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered proprietary by Seagate Technology. By accepting this material, the recipient agrees that this material and the information contained therein are held in confidence and in trust and will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed to others, except to meet the purpose for which it was delivered.
Contents iii Contents Introduction 1 Overview ......................................................................................................................1 DDS Format Standard Compatibility .....................................................................1 Scorpion 40 Capacity and Transfer Rates ............................................................2 Features.......................................................................................................................
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual iv Drive Operation and Maintenance 27 Loading a cartridge ................................................................................................... 27 Unloading a cartridge ................................................................................................ 27 Initializing a blank cartridge....................................................................................... 28 DDS cartridge compatibility............................................
v Contents Simplified compression operation .......................................................................46 Dictionary ............................................................................................................47 Simplified Decompression Operation ..................................................................
vi Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual Figures Figure 1. 3.5-Inch Internal Scorpion 40............................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2. Internal Scorpion 40 Drive with drive rails for mounting in 5.25-inch drive bay ................................. 4 Figure 3. External Scorpion 40.......................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4.
Introduction 1 1 Introduction Overview The Seagate® Scorpion® 40 digital data storage (DDS) drive is designed for computer environments that require high-performance, high-capacity data storage. Based on a 3.5-inch mechanism, the internal and external Scorpion 40 models provide 20 Gbytes of data-storage capacity, 40 Gbytes compressed, with a native transfer rate of 2.75 Mbytes per second, 5.5 Mbytes per second compressed.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 2 • The DDS recording format standard, ANSI/ECMA-139, 3,81mm Wide Magnetic Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange - Helical Scan Recording - DDS Format. • The DDS-DC recording format standard, ANSI/ECMA-150, 3,81mm Wide Magnetic Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange - Helical Scan Recording DDS-DC Format using 90 m length tapes. Note: The Scorpion 40 can use 90-meter DDS-1 media but not 60-meter DDS-1 media.
Introduction 3 The Scorpion 40 provides superb reliability through three levels of error-correction code (ECC) and the four-head design, which provides for read-after-write (RAW) error detection and correction. The Scorpion 40 also includes a “flying” preamplifier for greater signal-to-noise ratio. Features The Scorpion 40 DDS drive represents Seagate’s commitment to engineering reliable and durable tape drive products that implement leading-edge technology.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 4 • A 3.5-inch, half-height DDS-4 drive that mounts internally–model STD1401LW (see Figure 1). Figure 1. 3.5-Inch Internal Scorpion 40 • A 5.25-inch, half-height DDS-4 drive that consists of a 3.5-inch drive with 5.25inch mounting rails and bezel that mounts internally in a 5.25-inch, half-height space–model STD2401LW (see Figure 2). Figure 2. Internal Scorpion 40 Drive with drive rails for mounting in 5.
Introduction 5 Figure 3.
Specifications 7 2 Specifications Overview This chapter includes technical specifications for the internal and external SCSI drives.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 8 41.3 mm (1.63 in) 13.0 mm (0.51 in) 2 places 101.6 mm (4.00 in) 3.8 mm (0.15 in) 5.0 mm (0.196 in) 2 places 94.0 mm (3.70 in) M3.0 x 4 deep min. (10 places) M3.0 x 4 deep min. (4 places) 90.0 mm (3.54 in) 2 places 70.0 mm (2.75 in) 60.0 mm (2.36 in) 2 places 31.0 mm (1.22 in) 21.0 mm (0.83 in) 2 places 41.2 mm (1.62 in) 6.0 mm (0.24 in) Side View 101.6 mm (4.00 in) Bottom View Note: Tolerance for all dimensions is 0.25mm (0.01 in) Figure 4.
Specifications 9 Power Specifications The following table lists the power specifications for the internal Scorpion 40 drives. Specification +12 VDC supply +5 VDC supply Voltage Tolerance Operational Current Standby Current Surge (peak) Ripple (peak-to-peak) + or – 10% 250 milliamps max 15 milliamps max 600 milliamps max ≤ 100 mV + or – 7% 1.35 Amps max 1.2 Amps max 1.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 10 Drive Performance Specifications The following table lists the specifications for the Scorpion 40 drive. Specification Value Capacity 90 m MP 120 m MP+ 125 m MP++ 150 m MP+++ Flux density (DDS-4) 4.0 Gbytes 8.0 Gbytes 24.0 Gbytes 40.0 Gbytes 6,004 flux transitions per mm Track density (DDS-4) 147.
Specifications 11 Environmental Requirements The following table lists the environmental specifications for DDS drives. The internal drive should meet these standards if mounted either vertically (on its side) or horizontally (right side up).
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 12 maintenance periods. Operational time is assumed to be 20 percent of the power-on time. Operational time is the time the tape is loaded on the cylinder (tape moving and/or cylinder rotating). Note. The MTBF rating does not represent any particular drive, but is derived from a large database of test samples. Actual rates may vary from unit to unit.
Specifications 13 Regulatory Compliance These DDS drives comply with the regulations listed in the following table. Agency Regulation CSA C22.2, No. 950-M89 TUV-RHEINLAND EN 60 950 UL 1950 FCC Class A and Class B1 CE CE compliance 1. Required compliance for external model; verification on file for internal models.
Installation 15 3 Installation Introduction This chapter explains how to install the Scorpion 40 drive. Some of the information relates to all models; other information is specifically aimed at either the internal or external models. The following paragraphs briefly outline the organization of this chapter. • Unpacking and Inspection: contains general information that you should read before installation. • Installing the Internal Drives: describes how to install the 3.5-inch internal drive and the 3.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 16 Note: Internal Scorpion 40 drives come in two mounting configurations for 3.5-inch and 5.25-inch drive bays, respectively. Drives configured for 5.25-inch bays are identical to those used for 3.5-inch bays, except for the addition of drive mounting brackets on each side of the drive and a different front bezel. Installation procedures are the same for both drive configurations.
Installation 17 remote SCSI address selection. Figure 6 shows the locations of the jumper blocks for the internal Scorpion 40.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 18 Parity checking (pins 9 and 10) If a jumper is installed on pins 9 and 10 (the default setting), parity checking is enabled. If no jumper is installed, parity checking is disabled, but parity is still generated by the drive. Terminator power (pins 11 and 12) Internal Scorpion 40 drives are shipped with terminator power disabled (no jumper across pins 11 and 12, as shown in Figure 6).
Installation 19 Data compression (switches 1 and 2) If switch 1 is ON (the default setting), hardware data compression is enabled. If switch 1 is OFF, hardware data compression is disabled. If dip switch 2 is ON (the default setting) then SCSI commands can be used to enable or disable hardware data compression. To prevent hardware data compression from being enabled or disabled by SCSI commands, set dip switch 2 to OFF.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 20 Mounting an internal Scorpion 40 You can install your Seagate internal DDS drive horizontally or vertically (on its side). Figure 8 shows a 3.5-inch drive being installed in a typical system using side mounting screws. Mounting the drive in a 3.5-inch drive bay Mount the drive in a 3.5-inch drive bay and secure it using two M3.0 metric screws on each side of the drive. Do not use non-metric screws or screws longer than 4 mm or you may damage the drive.
Installation 21 Mounting the drive in a 5.25-inch drive bay If you are mounting the drive in a 5.25-inch drive bay, you must use a drive with mounting brackets attached. As shown in Figure 10 below, the 5.25-inch drive brackets have four screw holes on the bottom and six on each side. 41.3 mm (1.63 in) 31.5 mm (1.24 in) 21.8 mm (0.86 in) 146 mm (5.75 in) 9.9 mm (0.39 in) 16-M3 174.6 mm (6.87 in) 79.4 mm (3.13 in) 47.6 mm (1.87 in) 41.2 mm (1.62 in) 139.7 mm (5.50 in) 149.1 mm (5.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 22 Ultra2 SCSI 68-pin high-density connector pin 34 pin 1 pin 68 pin 35 Figure 11. Interface and power connectors on internal Scorpion 40 SCSI Termination The internal Scorpion 40 does not provide SCSI termination. For this reason, it should not be the last device on a SCSI chain. Two termination examples are shown in Figure 12 below.
Installation 23 Connecting a power cable Attach a four-pin power cable to the power connector on the back of the drive. Figure 13 shows the location of the power connector. The recommended 4-pin power connector for the internal drive is an AMP 1-48024-0 housing with AMP 60617-1 pins or equivalent. Power connector pin 4 +5V pin 3: GND (+5V return) pin 1 12V pin 2: GND (+12V return) Figure 13. Power connector on the internal Scorpion 40.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 24 Installing an external Scorpion 40 The external Scorpion 40 is a compact external SCSI device that connects to the host computer as a turnkey subsystem. Installing the external drive involves three simple steps: 1. Configuring the drive 2. Connecting the SCSI interface cable 3.
Installation 25 Connecting the SCSI interface cable The Scorpion 40 provides two 68-pin, shielded connectors on the rear panel of the enclosure. Either connector can be used as a SCSI IN or SCSI OUT connection (you can use either connector to attach the drive to the host computer or to another SCSI device). Turn off your computer and all SCSI devices. Then attach a SCSI cable from the host adapter or from another (unterminated) SCSI device to the Scorpion 40.
Drive operation and maintenance 27 Drive Operation and Maintenance 4 Loading a cartridge Seagate DDS drives have a front-loading cartridge bay for easy operation. The drivebay door opens automatically when a cartridge is inserted. Figure 16 shows a cartridge being inserted into a 3.5-inch internal drive. After you insert the cartridge, there will be a brief delay while the drive identifies the cartridge type and state and moves the tape to the data area. Figure 16.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 28 Clean LED Media LED Drive LED Eject Button Figure 17. Location of Eject button and LEDs on internal Scorpion 40 (external drive is similar) Initializing a blank cartridge When you insert a blank cartridge into the drive for the first time, the drive takes about 10 to 12 seconds to determine that the tape is blank. The drive will automatically initialize the tape as soon as it receives a Write command from the host computer.
Drive operation and maintenance 29 Write-protecting a cartridge Figure 18 shows how to write-protect or write-enable a DDS tape using the sliding write-protect tab. You can only write data to the tape when the tab is in the writeenabled (closed) position. Write protected Write enabled Figure 18. Write-protect tab on a DDS cartridge LED codes As shown in Figure 19 below, the front panel of the Scorpion 40 contains three LEDs. These LEDs provide information about both normal and error conditions.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 30 Clean LED The Clean LED functions as follows: • If the Clean LED is ON continuously, the drive requires cleaning. Specifically, this indicates that the drive has been operating for at least 25 hours (for DDS-1 or DDS-2 media) or for at least 50 hours (for DDS-3 or DDS-4 media). Use only a Seagate-approved cleaning cartridge to clean the drive. See the following page for details.
Drive operation and maintenance 31 LED Code summary The following table summarizes LED flash codes for the Scorpion 40. LED Action Meaning Clean ON (lit) Cleaning is required because the drive has been operated for at least 25 hours (DDS-1 and DDS-2) or 50 hours (DDS-3 or DDS-4). Flashing Slowly The internal error rate threshold has been exceeded and cleaning is required. Flashing The cleaning cartridge in the drive has exceeded its useful life. Replace the old cleaning cartridge with a new one.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 32 Seagate Express at 1-800-656-8419. Do not use an audio DAT cleaning cartridge. The drive cannot recognize it. After you insert the cleaning cartridge, the drive detects that the cartridge is a cleaning cartridge, then loads and runs the cartridge for about 30 seconds. When cleaning is complete, the drive ejects the cartridge. Each time the cleaning cartridge is loaded, a new, unused portion of cleaning tape is advanced over the entire tape path.
Drive operation and maintenance 33 Data compression Default operation for the Scorpion 40 drive is to have data compression enabled— the drive automatically compresses all data written to tape and decompresses all compressed data read from tape. The degree of compression varies due to the type of data being processed. Data with high degrees of redundancy, such as structured database files or graphics files, can be compressed most efficiently, often at a ratio of 2:1 or more.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 34 4. The drive automatically recognizes the firmware upgrade cartridge and begins downloading the firmware from the cartridge into DRAM. 5. The drive ejects the firmware upgrade cartridge as soon as the firmware has been completely downloaded into DRAM and the LEDs begin blinking with a progressive pattern. When the blinking pattern stops, the firmware upgrade operation is complete. ! 6. Caution.
Theory of operations 35 Theory of operations 5 Overview The Scorpion 40 tape drive design integrates DAT technology (helical scan recording method) into a true computer-grade data-storage peripheral with industry-standard data-compression capability. These drive designs are the result of: • Combining the economies of scale for key components, such as the cylinder, heads and audio LSIs, with a computer grade drive (3.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 36 The STD1401LW drive mechanism The Scorpion 40 uses the helical scan recording method with a four-head cylinder design. Four direct-drive motors and one brush-type motor are used in the drive. The read and write functions use LSIs. Engineering decisions—such as the modular partitioning of the electronics and use of surface mount, low power commercial and custom LSIs—allow the drives to conform to the industry-accepted 3.5-inch formfactor.
Theory of operations 37 advantage of this design is that a RAW check is performed immediately after the data is written. As mentioned earlier, the cylinder rotates rapidly (10,000 RPM) in the same direction that the tape moves. The wrap angle of the tape on the cylinder is approximately 102 degrees. The combined movement of the tape and cylinder results in a relative headtape speed of 20.4 inches per second (ips).
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 38 Write head B 3 tape tracks Write head A 20˚ head azimuth Figure 21. Alternating azimuth angles on tape tracks Motors and control circuits The Scorpion 40 drive uses four direct-drive, brushless motors—the capstan, cylinder and two reel motors. Using these small, direct-drive motors provides maximum reliability. The cylinder motor rotates the cylinder. The capstan motor moves the tape. The mode motor loads and ejects the cartridge.
Theory of operations 39 Flash memory Because the Scorpion 40 uses flash memory, the drive firmware can be easily upgraded when new revisions of the firmware are released. The flash memory is 1 Mbyte in size.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 40 frames have been written. Any frame can be rewritten multiple times to provide for skipping over bad areas on the tape. Excessive consecutive rewrites typically signal a degraded media condition; in these cases it is best to discontinue use of the tape in question and continue with a new tape. During a read or restore operation, the threshold level is reduced to maximize the likelihood that data can be successfully retrieved from tape.
Theory of operations 41 Note. Proper maintenance of the drive requires that you use the DDS headcleaning cartridge after every 25 hours of read/write operation and whenever the rectangular, green cartridge-in-place LED flashes during operation. You can order both DDS data and head-cleaning cartridges from Seagate. They are packaged in multiples of five. These small (approximately 2 inches × 3 inches × 0.4 inch) cartridges house magnetic tape that is 3.81 mm (0.150 inch) wide.
Data compression 43 Data compression 6 Introduction Data compression—general Typical data streams of text, graphics, software code or other forms of data contain repeated information of some sort, whether it is at the text level where you can readily recognize regular repetitions of a single word or at the binary level where the repetitions are in bits or bytes.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 44 Data Compression Considerations In an effective data-compression method, several factors are important: • The amount of compression (measured by the compression ratio, which is a ratio that compares the amount of uncompressed data to the amount of compressed data and is obtained by dividing the size of the uncompressed data by the size of the compressed data) • The speed with which data is compressed and decompressed in relation to the host transfer rate
Data compression 45 Hardware compression If data compression is used in software on the host computer rather than in the hardware of the drive, you can slow down the transfer rate of the host because it must perform compression computations in addition to its regular computations. Also, any other host that wants to retrieve (decompress) the data must have the same software.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 46 DCLZ algorithm Within the computer industry, algorithms developed by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv (enhanced later by Terry Welch) are popular, versatile and powerful compression methods. These LZ algorithms are basically of two types—LZ1, a sliding window method, and LZ2/LZW, a hashed directory method.
Data compression 47 The following table illustrates this simplified operation. Input Byte R I — N — T — I — N T — I N — Current String R RI I IN N NT T TI I IN INT T TI TIN N Match Y N Y N Y N Y N Y Y N Y Y N Y Build Entry — RI — IN — NT — TI — — INT — — TIN — Output Code Value — (R) — (I) — (N) — (T) — — (IN) — — (TI) — Dictionary The dictionary is built and contained logically in external RAM and is not output as a distinct item.
Scorpion 40 DDS-4 Product Manual, Version A 48 • Dictionary codes, codewords 264 through 4,095: The dictionary codes refer to dictionary entries and represent multiple bytes (a string of characters) in the input data stream. These codes are built as the input stream is processed. These codes are pointers to other locations and eventually end by pointing to one of the byte values 0 through 255. A linked chain is created that builds up a string of characters.
Data compression 49 The following steps describe a simplified version of the operation of the algorithm for decompressing data. 1. From a reset dictionary point, (which contains only control codes and encoded bytes) codewords are fetched from the input stream and looked up in the dictionary. 2. New dictionary codes are built by combining the previously received codewords. (The dictionary created during compression is recreated, guaranteeing that any codeword received is contained in the dictionary.
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8505421.
