Specifications

ManualsBrandsSea-Bird Electronics ManualsConsumer electronicsSBE 49 FastCAT

APPLICATION NOTES







































































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

Summary of content (58 pages)

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 APPLICATION NOTES       
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 APPLICATION NOTES    
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 2D Revised October 2006 Instructions for Care and Cleaning of Conductivity Cells This application note presents new recommendations, based on our recent research, for cleaning and storing conductivity sensors.
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 Rinsing, Cleaning, and Storage Procedures SBE 4 Conductivity Sensor Note: See Cleaning Materials below for discussion of appropriate sources / concentrations of water, Triton X-100, bleach, and tubing. Soaker tube CAUTIONS: The conductivity cell is primarily glass, and can break if mishandled. Use the correct size Tygon tubing; using tubing with a smaller ID will make it difficult to remove the tubing, and the cell end may break if excessive force is used.
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 Cleaning Materials Water De-ionized (DI) water, commercially distilled water, or fresh, clean, tap water is recommended for rinsing, cleaning, and storing sensors. On ships, fresh water is typically made in large quantities by a distillation process, and stored in large tanks. This water may be contaminated with small amounts of oil, and should not be used for rinsing, cleaning, or storing sensors.
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 Acid In rare instances, acid cleaning is required for mineral contamination of the conductivity cell. Sea-Bird recommends that you return the equipment to the factory for this cleaning. Information below is provided if you cannot return the equipment to Sea-Bird. CAUTIONS: SBE 37-IMP, 37-SMP, or 37-SIP MicroCAT; SBE 49 FastCAT; or other instruments with an integral, internal pump - Do not perform acid cleaning. Acid cleaning may damage the internal, integral pump.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA APPLICATION NOTE NO. 6 Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.
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                     It is unrealistic to expect that commercial direct-measurement instruments will be more accurate under field conditions than the laboratory equipment used by successions of careful researchers.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 10 Revised July 2005 COMPRESSIBILITY COMPENSATION OF SEA-BIRD CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS Sea-Bird conductivity sensors provide precise characterization of deep ocean water masses.
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 DISCUSSION OF PRESSURE CORRECTION Conductivity cells do not measure the specific conductance (the desired property), but rather the conductance of a specific geometry of water. The ratio of the cells length to its cross-sectional area (cell constant) is used to relate the measured conductance to specific conductance. Under pressure, the conductivity cells length and diameter are reduced, leading to a lower indicated conductivity. The magnitude of the effect is not insignificant, reaching 0.
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                                
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
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.
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 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE AND DEPTH Despite the common nomenclature (CTD = Conductivity - Temperature - Depth), all CTDs measure pressure, which is not quite the same thing as depth.
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 CHOOSING THE RIGHT SENSOR Initial accuracy and resolution are expressed as a percentage of the full scale range for the pressure sensor. The initial accuracy is 0.1% of the full scale range. Resolution is 0.002% of full scale range, except for the SBE 25 (0.015% resolution). For best accuracy and resolution, select a pressure sensor full scale range to correspond to no more than the greatest depths to be encountered.
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 MINIMIZING ERRORS Offset Errors Note: Follow the procedures below for all instruments except the SBE 26plus (see the 26plus manual for details). The primary offset error due to drift over time can be eliminated by comparing CTD readings in air before beginning the profile to readings from a barometer. Follow this procedure: 1. Allow the instrument to equilibrate in a reasonably constant temperature environment for at least 5 hours.
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 Hysteresis Errors Hysteresis is the term used to describe the failure of pressure sensors to repeat previous readings after exposure to other (typically higher) pressures. The Druck sensor employs a micro-machined silicon diaphragm into which the strain elements are implanted using semiconductor fabrication techniques. Unlike metal diaphragms, silicons crystal structure is perfectly elastic, so the sensor is essentially free of pressure hysteresis.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 31 June 2006 Computing Temperature and Conductivity Slope and Offset Correction Coefficients from Laboratory Calibrations and Salinity Bottle Samples Conductivity Sensors The conductivity sensor slope and offset entries in the configuration (.
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 To correct conductivity data taken between pre- and post-cruise calibrations: islope = 1.0 + (b / n) [(1 / postslope) - 1.0] where islope = interpolated slope; this is the value to enter in the .con file b = number of days between pre-cruise calibration and the cast to be corrected n = number of days between pre- and post-cruise calibrations postslope = slope from calibration sheet as calculated above In the .con file, use the pre-cruise calibration coefficients and use islope for the value of slope.
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 Example Three salinity bottles are taken during a CTD profile; assume for this discussion that shipboard analysis of the bottle salinities is perfect. The uncorrected CTD data (from SEASAVE) and bottle salinities are: CTD Raw Approximate CTD Raw CTD Raw CTD Raw Bottle Conductivity Depth (m) Pressure (dbar) Temperature (°C) * Salinity Salinity (S/m) 200 202.7 18.3880 4.63421 34.9705 34.9770 1000 1008.8 3.9831 3.25349 34.4634 34.4710 4000 4064.1 1.4524 3.16777 34.6778 34.
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 Temperature Sensors The temperature sensor slope and offset entries in the configuration (.con) file in SEASOFT permit the user to make corrections for sensor drift between calibrations. The correction formula is: corrected temperature = slope * (computed temperature) + offset where : slope = (true temperature span) / (instrument reading temperature span) offset = (true temperature - instrument reading temperature) * slope measured at 0.0 °C For newly calibrated sensors, use slope = 1.0, offset = 0.
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 Correcting for Temperature Drift Based on Pre- and Post-Cruise Laboratory Calibrations Suppose a temperature sensor is calibrated (pre-cruise), then immediately used at-sea, and then returned for postcruise calibration. The pre-and post-cruise calibration data can be used to generate an offset correction for data obtained between the pre- and post-cruise calibrations. Calibration coefficients are calculated with the post-cruise calibration.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 34 Revised January 2005 Instructions for Use of Conductivity Cell Filling and Storage Device PN 50087 and 50087.1 This application note provides instructions for use of PN 50087 / 50087.1 syringe and tubing assembly in rinsing, cleaning, and storing conductivity sensors. The tubing assembly consists of a length of 6.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 40 Revised May 2005 SBE 5T PUMP SPEED ADJUSTMENT INSTRUCTIONS Equipment: DC power supply Frequency counter Drawings: 31441B (schematic) 41250A (assembly) The pump housing must be disassembled to adjust the pump speed. Referencing above drawings: 1.
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 3
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                               
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 57 Revised May 2003 I/O Connector Care and Installation This Application Note describes the proper care and installation of standard I/O connectors for Sea-Bird CTD instruments. Once properly installed, the connections require minimal care.
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 3. Using a tube of 100% silicone grease (Dow DC-4 or equivalent), squeeze approximately half the size of a pea onto the end of your finger. CAUTION: Do not use WD-40 or other petroleum-based lubricants, as they will damage the connectors. 4. 7. Apply a light, even coating of grease to the molded ridge around the base of the bulkhead connector. The ridge looks like an o-ring molded into the bulkhead connector base and fits into the groove of the mating inline connector.
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 Locking Sleeve Installation After the connectors are mated, install the locking sleeve. The locking sleeve secures the inline connector to the bulkhead connector and prevents the cable from being inadvertently removed. Important points regarding locking sleeves: Tighten the locking sleeve by hand. Do not use a wrench or pliers to tighten the locking sleeve. Overtightening will gall the threads, which can bind the locking sleeve to the bulkhead connector.
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              
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 68 Revised November 2006 Using USB Ports to Communicate with Sea-Bird Instruments Most Sea-Bird instruments use the RS-232 protocol for transmitting setup commands to the instrument and receiving data from the instrument. However, many newer PCs and laptop computers have USB port(s) instead of RS-232 serial port(s).
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 69 July 2002 Conversion of Pressure to Depth Sea-Birds SEASOFT software can calculate and output depth, if the instrument data includes pressure.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 71 Revised July 2005 Desiccant Use and Regeneration (drying) This application note applies to all Sea-Bird instruments intended for underwater use.
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 Regeneration (drying) of Desiccant Replacement desiccant bags are available from Sea-Bird: PN 60039 is a metal can containing 25 1-gram desiccant bags and 1 humidity indicator card. The 1-gram bags are used in our smaller diameter housings, such as the SBE 3 (plus, F, and S), 4 (M and C), 5T, 37 (-SI, -SIP, -SM, -SMP, -IM, and IMP), 38, 39, 39-IM, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, and 50. PN 31180 is a 1/3-ounce desiccant bag, used in our SBE 16plus, 16plus-IM, 19plus, 21, and 52-MP.
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 Sud-Chemie Performance Packaging 101 Christine Dr. Belen, New Mexico 87002 Phone: (505) 864-6691 Fax: (505) 864-9296 ISO 9002 CERTIFIED MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET August 13, 2002 SORB-IT® Packaged Desiccant SECTION I -- PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Trade Name and Synonyms: Silica Gel, Synthetic Amorphous Silica, Silicon, Dioxide Synthetic Amorphous Silica SiO2.
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 Sud-Chemie Performance Packaging 101 Christine Dr. Belen, New Mexico 87002 Phone: (505) 864-6691 Fax: (505) 864-9296 ISO 9002 CERTIFIED MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET August 13, 2002 SORB-IT® Packaged Desiccant SECTION IV -- FIRE EXPLOSION DATA Fire and Explosion Hazard - Negligible fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame by reaction with incompatible substances. Flash Point - Nonflammable. Firefighting Media - Dry chemical, water spray, or foam.
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 Sud-Chemie Performance Packaging 101 Christine Dr. Belen, New Mexico 87002 Phone: (505) 864-6691 Fax: (505) 864-9296 ISO 9002 CERTIFIED MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET August 13, 2002 SORB-IT® Packaged Desiccant NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: This product is a desiccant and generates heat as it adsorbs water. The used product can contain material of hazardous nature. Identify that material and treat accordingly.
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 Sud-Chemie Performance Packaging 101 Christine Dr.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 73 Revised July 2005 Using Instruments with Pressure Sensors at Elevations Above Sea Level This application note covers use of a Sea-Bird instrument that includes a pressure sensor at elevations above sea level, such as in a mountain lake or stream.
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 SBE 9plus and 25 Sea-Bird software (SEASAVE or SBE Data Processing) uses calibration coefficients programmed in a configuration (.con) file to convert raw data from these instruments to engineering units. Follow this procedure to correct the pressure: 1. With the instrument in the air, place it in the orientation it will have when deployed. 2. In SEASAVE, in the .con file, set the pressure offset to 0.0. 3. Acquire data in SEASAVE, and display the pressure sensor output in decibars. 4.
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 SBE 37 (all models) The SBE 37 is able to directly output data that is already converted to engineering units (pressure in decibars), using calibration coefficients that are programmed into the instrument. The SBE 37 does not use a .con file. Follow this procedure to correct the pressure: 1. With the SBE 37 in the air, place it in the orientation it will have when deployed. 2. In SEATERM, set the pressure offset to 0.0 and pressure sensor output to decibars. * 3. Acquire data. * 4.
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 SBE 52-MP The SBE 52-MP is able to directly output data that is already converted to engineering units (pressure in decibars), using calibration coefficients that are programmed into the instrument. The SBE 52-MP does not use a .con file. Follow this procedure to correct the pressure: 1. With the SBE 52-MP in the air, place it in the orientation it will have when deployed. 2. In SEATERM, set the pressure offset to 0.0 (POFFSET=0). 3. Acquire data using the TP command. 4.
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 SBE 39 The SBE 39 directly outputs data that is already converted to engineering units (pressure in decibars), using calibration coefficients that are programmed into the SBE 39. The SBE 39 does not use a .con file. The SBE 39 is a special case, because its programmed calibration coefficients do not currently include a pressure offset term.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 75 August 2004 Maintenance of SBE 5T and 5M Pumps This application note is intended to assist you in maintaining your SBE 5T or SBE 5M pump. A properly maintained pump will provide constant flow for your CTD and any pumped auxiliary sensors, resulting in high quality data.
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 SBE 5T Periodic Cleaning for SBE 5T If you are going to store the pump for more than 1 week, or have removed the pump from a mooring, perform a more thorough cleaning: 1. Unscrew the pump head from the housing. 2. Using clean, fresh water, thoroughly rinse the pump head and impeller. 3. Inspect the impeller for salt deposits. Clean any deposits with clean, fresh water and a toothbrush. Verify that the impeller can turn freely. 4.
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 Yearly Maintenance for SBE 5T 1. Unscrew the pump head from the housing. PN 30571 o-ring End cap PN 30009 2. impeller/ Replace the o-ring and 2 thrust PN magnet 30010 washers on the shaft: PN thrust 30010 A. Remove the o-ring from the PN washer thrust shaft. A pair of tweezers works 30095 washer well for this. o-ring B. Pull the impeller and attached magnet off the shaft. The thrust Shaft washer above the impeller will come off at the same time.
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 Non-Functioning or Poorly Functioning SBE 5T Perform the inspection procedures listed above in Yearly Maintenance for SBE 5T. If you do not discover the problem there, proceed as follows. Connector end cap Retaining ring 1. Unscrew the connector end cap retaining ring. Pull out the end cap and attached electronics from the housing. 2. Verify that the magnet can spin freely and is not broken or damaged. 3. Look for other signs of damage on the electronics. 4.
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 SBE 5M Periodic Cleaning for SBE 5M End cap o-rings If you are going to store the pump for more than 1 week, or have removed the pump from a mooring, perform a more thorough cleaning: CAUTION: Remove the end cap and impeller from the housing before cleaning the impeller. The end cap o-rings seal the electronics chamber.
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 Yearly Maintenance for SBE 5M CAUTION: Remove the end cap and impeller from the housing before cleaning the impeller. The end cap o-rings seal the electronics chamber. The end cap may walk out of the housing after the pump head is removed, allowing water to enter the electronics chamber if you clean the impeller without first removing the end cap from the housing. PN 31011 o-ring PN 30571 o-ring 1. Unscrew the pump head from the housing. 2. Pull out the end cap from the housing. 3.
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 Non-Functioning or Poorly Functioning SBE 5M Perform the inspection procedures listed above in Yearly Maintenance for SBE 5M. If you do not discover the problem there, proceed as follows. 1. Unscrew the pump head from the housing. 2. Pull out the end cap from the housing. 3. Pull out the electronics from the housing. Note that the electronics are wired to the bulkhead connector inside the housing. 4. Verify that the magnet can spin freely and is not broken or damaged. 5.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO.
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 Preparation for Deployment Task If applicable, upload existing data in memory. Perform preliminary processing / analysis of data to ensure you have uploaded all data, that data was not corrupted in upload process, and that (if uploading converted data) instrument EEPROM was programmed with correct calibration coefficients. If there is a problem with data, you can try to upload again now. Once you record over data in next deployment, opportunity to correct any upload problem is gone.
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 Recovery Immediately upon recovery Task Rinse instrument with fresh water. Remove locking sleeve on dummy plug or cable, slide it up cable (if applicable), and rinse connection (still mated) with fresh water. For instrument with pump (external or integral), stop sampling. Completed? Connect to instrument in SEATERM and send command to stop sampling (STOP or #iiSTOP). Stop sampling as soon as possible upon recovery to avoid running pump dry for an extended period of time.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com Application Note 56 Revised September 2003 Interfacing to RS-485 Sensors A few Sea-Bird instruments use the RS-485 protocol for transmitting setup commands to the instrument and receiving data from the instrument. However, most personal computers (PCs) do not come with an RS-485 port.
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 Terminal Program Compatibility If the Interface Card uses shared interrupts, SEATERM (our Windows terminal program) must be used to communicate with the instrument. If the Interface Card is configured as a standard COM port, either SEATERM or our DOS-based terminal programs may be used to communicate with the instrument. Sea-Bird tested two Interface Cards from one manufacturer with our instruments, and verified compatibility. The manufacturer and tested cards are: National Instruments (www.ni.
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 Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. 1808 136th Place NE Bellevue, WA 98005 USA Phone: (425) 643-9866 Fax: (425) 643-9954 E-mail: seabird@seabird.com Web: www.seabird.com APPLICATION NOTE NO. 40 Revised May 2005 SBE 5T PUMP SPEED ADJUSTMENT INSTRUCTIONS Equipment: DC power supply Frequency counter Drawings: 31441B (schematic) 41250A (assembly) The pump housing must be disassembled to adjust the pump speed. Referencing above drawings: 1.