SEL-3031 Serial Radio Transceiver Instruction Manual 20091009 *PM3031-01*
© 2009 by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. All brand or product names appearing in this document are the trademark or registered trademark of their respective holders. No SEL trademarks may be used without written permission. SEL products appearing in this document may be covered by US and Foreign patents. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
Table of Contents List of Tables ........................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ...........................................................................................................v Preface...................................................................................................................... vii Section 1: Introduction and Overview Overview ..................................................................
ii Table of Contents Appendix B: SEL-3044 Encryption Card Overview................................................................................................................B.1 NIST FIPS 140-2 Level 2 Security Requirements ................................................B.1 Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol.....................................................................B.
List of Tables Table 1.1 Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Table 2.5 Table 2.6 Table 2.7 Table 2.8 Table 2.9 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Table 4.4 Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 4.7 Table 4.8 Table 4.9 Table 4.10 Table 4.11 Table 4.12 Table 4.13 Table 4.14 Table 4.15 Table 4.16 Table 4.17 Table 4.18 Table 4.19 Table 4.20 Table 4.21 Table 4.22 Table 4.23 Table 5.1 Table 5.2 Table A.1 Table A.2 Date Code 20091009 Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories ..................................1.
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 Figure 1.3 Figure 1.4 Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Product Overview .............................................................................1.1 SEL-3031 Dimensions ......................................................................1.4 SEL-3031 Rack Mount (Front and Rear) .........................................1.5 SEL-3031 Wall Mount (Front and Rear) ..........................................1.
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Preface Manual Overview The SEL-3031 Serial Radio Transceiver manual includes the information needed to properly install and operate the product. The scope of this manual includes specifications, installation, mechanical information, self-monitoring, and alarming. An overview of each manual section and topics follows. Preface. Describes the manual organization and conventions used to present information. Section 1: Introduction and Overview.
viii Preface Conventions Conventions Safety Information This manual uses three kinds of hazard statements, formatted as follows: ! CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury or equipment damage. ! WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. ! DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Preface Conventions English ! WARNING Operator safety may be impaired if the device is used in a manner not specified by SEL. ! WARNING Atmospheric electrical charge accumulation can cause potential between the conductor and shield of the feedline, or cause lightning to strike an antenna. A lightning protector should be installed to prevent damage to equipment or injury to personnel. ! WARNING Do not look into the fiber (laser) ports/connectors.
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Section 1 Introduction and Overview Overview The SEL-3031 is a 900-MHz, license-free, spread-spectrum radio. The radio operates in the ITU Region 2 ISM band of 902–928 MHz using a fast frequency-hopping algorithm for noise immunity and long-distance operation. The SEL-3031 prevents the need for multiple sets of radios or expensive dedicated fiber transmitting over long distances. Figure 1.
1.2 Introduction and Overview Features, Benefits, and Applications Features, Benefits, and Applications ➤ Three Ports in One Radio Reduce Costs. Simultaneously communicates with up to three independent ports and protocols. ➤ Low Latency Enables Fast Control. Transfers control commands with a typical 5.5-millisecond latency with SEL MIRRORED BITS® communications. ➤ Strong Security Thwarts Attackers.
Introduction and Overview Models, Options, and Accessories ➤ Power supply ➢ Wall mount: 9–30 Vdc ➢ Rack mount: 24–48 Vdc, 125/250 Vac or Vdc ➤ ACSELERATOR ➤ Protocol pass-through support ➢ DNP3 ➢ Modbus ➢ SEL MIRRORED BITS ➢ SEL Fast Messaging ➢ SEL ASCII ➢ IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasors 1.3 QuickSet software Optional Features ➤ One port EIA-485 ➤ One port fiber-optic (SEL-2812-compatible) ➤ SEL-3044 Encryption Card Accessories Table 1.
Figure 1.2 SEL-3031 Instruction Manual 1.72 (43.7) 6.30 (160) 0.21 (5.3) in (mm) LEGEND 19.00 (482.6) FRONT 18.31 (465.1) TOP RACK-MOUNT CHASSIS SIDE 0.05 (1.27) 1.73 (43.9) 6.40 (162.6) FRONT 8.66 (219.7) 9.15 (232.4) TOP i9163b SIDE 3.00 5.73 (76.2) (145.5) WALL-MOUNT CHASSIS 1.
1.5 i4210b Introduction and Overview Product Diagrams Figure 1.
1.6 Introduction and Overview Product Diagrams i4243c i4211b Figure 1.
Introduction and Specifications Specifications 1.
1.8 Introduction and Specifications Specifications Receiver Sensitivity: –97 dBm Bit Error Rate (BER): <10–6 at –97 dBm Distance: 20 miles, line of sight Error Detection: 32-bit CRC (MB8 mode) Power Supply Rated Supply Voltage Wall-Mount Model: 12/24 Vdc Damp Heat, Cyclic: IEC 60068-2-30:2005 25–55°C, 6 cycles, 95% relative humidity Dry Heat: IEC 60068-2-2:2007 +85°C, 16 hours Dielectric Strength and Impulse Tests Dielectric (HiPot): IEC 60255-5:2000 IEEE C37.
Introduction and Specifications Specifications 1.9 EMC Emissions Radiated Emissions FCC Part 15.247; ICES-001; RSS-210 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
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Section 2 Installation Overview RF Exposure Notice RF EXPOSURE The SEL-3031 transmitter module is approved for use only with specific antenna, cable, and output power configurations that have been tested and approved for use. Modifications to the SEL-3031, the antenna system, or to the power output that have not been explicitly specified by the manufacturer are not permitted and may render the radio non-compliant with applicable regulatory authorities.
2.2 Installation Overview Radio Path Spread-spectrum radios operating in the 900-MHz ISM band are limited by line-ofsight. Radio line-of-sight is longer than optical line-of-sight, due to the bending of the radio wave toward the surface of the earth. This radio horizon is typically 30% longer than the visual horizon. The longer the communications path, the taller the antennas must be in order to maintain the line-of-sight.
Installation Overview Table 2.1 2.3 Fresnel Zone Diameter 900 MHz Distance Between Antennas Fresnel Zone Diameter Freespace Loss (dB) 300 m (1000 ft) 5 m (16 ft) 81 1.6 km (1 mi) 11.6 m (38 ft) 96 8 km (5 mi) 26 m (85 ft) 110 16 km (10 mi) 36.6 m (120 ft) 116 24 km (15 mi) 44.8 m (147 ft) 119 32 km (20 mi) 51.
2.4 Installation Overview feed line with enough loss to remain compliant with the maximum 36 dBm EIRP or reduce the radio transmitted power accordingly. For example, if you wanted to design a radio system to achieve a 32-km (20-mile) radio path and run at the highest allowed transmitted power, one way would be to use the SEL-3031 with 15 meters (50 feet) of LMR 400, lightning arrestor, and the 5-Element Yagi with 11.1 dBi of gain. The radio would transmit 30 dBm, the feedline loss is 1.
Installation Overview 2.5 require a path study, a visual path inspection, and a spectrum analysis of the area to give a good indication of how high the antenna needs to be and how good the radio link will be. Radio Interference The SEL-3031 shares a frequency spectrum with other services and FCC Part 15 (unlicensed) devices in ITU Region 2 (North, Central, and South America). This radio should not be used in Brazil or Chile due to the regulations defining frequency allocation.
2.6 Installation Overview Table 2.2 ➤ When constant interference is present in a particular frequency zone, it may be necessary to “lock out” that zone from the SEL-3031 hopping pattern. The SEL-3031 includes a SKIP setting that removes interfered frequency zones from its hopping pattern. See Table 4.5 for more information on the skip zones and information on how to set the SKIP setting. In the USA and Canada, a maximum of six zones may be skipped, per FCC and IC rules.
Installation Connections Table 2.3 2.7 Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 900 MHz (Sheet 2 of 2) 3.05 Meters (10 Feet) 12.24 Meters (50 Feet) 30.48 Meters (100 Feet) 91.44 Meters (300 Feet) 7/8-inch HELIAX Do not use 0.64 dB 1.28 dB 3.84 dB 1-1/4-inch HELIAX Do not use Do not use 0.95 dB 2.85 dB 1-5/8-inch HELIAX Do not use Do not use 0.80 dB 2.4 dB Cable Type Antenna System Ground Antenna system grounding is not included in the scope of this manual.
2.8 Installation Connections Power Connections The POWER terminals on the rear panel (labeled +/H and -/N) must connect to the correct supply voltage. The supply voltage range is located on the serial label. The wall-mount configuration accepts only 9–30 Vdc. The rack-mount configuration accepts 24–48 Vdc or 125/250 Vac or Vdc. Check the serial label for power supply information. Do not apply power to the SEL-3031 without having a proper 50- load on the antenna port.
Installation Connections 2.9 Grounding (Earthing) Connections You must connect the ground terminal labeled GND to a rack frame or switchgear ground for proper safety and performance. Use 2.5 mm2 (14 AWG) wire less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) in length for the ground connection. Serial Ports Because all ports (1, 2, and 3) are independent, you can communicate to any combination simultaneously. All EIA-232 ports accept DB-9 male connectors.
2.10 Installation Connections Password Jumper The SEL-3031 contains two levels of passwords to access and set the radio. The Level 1 password is for read access and the Level 2 password is for write access. The default passwords that are shipped with the SEL-3031 are shown in Table 2.4. Do not leave factory default passwords in the product. See PASSWORD Command on page 4.19 for more information on setting passwords. Table 2.
Installation Front-Panel Indicators 2.11 IRIG-B Time-Code Input The SEL-3031 accepts a demodulated IRIG-B time signal to synchronize the internal clock with an external time source. IRIG-B is available on Port 2 utilizing Pins 4 and 6 for time communications. The SEL-3031 supports the IRIG-B002 standardized time format. Table 2.6 Communications Cables for Time and Communications Connections EIA-232 Serial Port Connect to Device SEL Cable No.
2.12 Installation Communications Communications Serial Ports Table 2.8 shows the physical interfaces of the SEL-3031. Several options are provided for Port 1 physical interfaces, including EIA-232, EIA-485, and fiber. Table 2.8 SEL-3031 Port Description Port Communications Interface Location Port 1 EIA-232, EIA-485, or fiber Rear (Port 1 has three ordering options) Port 2 EIA-232 Rear Port 3 EIA-232 Rear USB USB 1.
Installation Communications 2.13 Fiber-Optic Serial Port Order the fiber-optic option for Port 1 for safety and long-distance communications up to 4 kilometers (2.5 miles). The fiber-optic port is an SEL-2812-compatible device that can connect directly to any SEL-2812-compatible device or SEL-2812 fiber optic transceiver, using multimode fiber-optic cable with a core diameter of 50 to 200 micrometers.
2.14 Installation Communications Table 2.9 SEL-3031 Port Description (Sheet 2 of 2) Pin Port 1, Port 3 EIA-232 Port 2 EIA-232 Port 1 EIA-485 6 N/C IRIG– N/C 7 RTS RTS RX+ 8 CTS CTS RX– 9 GND GND GND Cleaning Use care when cleaning the SEL-3031. Perform the following steps: Step 1. Use a mild soap or detergent solution and a damp cloth to clean the chassis. Step 2. Be careful cleaning the front and rear panels because a permanent plastic sheet covers each panel.
Installation Communications SEL-3031 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector Pin Func. RXD TXD GND RTS CTS Pin # 2 3 5 7 8 ORANGE RED BLUE/SHIELD GREEN WHITE 2.15 DTE Device No IRIG 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector Pin # 2 3 5 7 8 NOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 meters (50 ft) Figure 2.
2.16 Installation Communications bit, and no parity to properly communicate with the SEL-3031. This virtual serial port can now be used with ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software to help set and view settings and obtain report information. SEL-3031 Figure 2.
Section 3 Job Done Examples Overview This section describes how to set up a serial port for two popular types of protocols: MIRRORED BITS® and SEL Fast Messaging. This section assumes you have established a radio link. If you are having problems setting up the radio link, refer to Section 2: Installation and Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting for more information.
3.2 Job Done Examples High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications SEL-3031 MIRRORED BITS Settings For Figure 3.2 we set Port 1 on both SEL-3031 devices as a MIRRORED BITS connections. On each radio set the following settings on the Port 1 settings. g Figure 3.2 SEL-3031 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection The SEL-3031 makes it very simple to set a MIRRORED BITS connection. Only the PROTO setting is needed to set the MIRRORED BITS port.
Job Done Examples High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications 3.3 SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 Series MIRRORED BITS Settings The required settings for the SEL-351 are shown below. These settings are similar to all of the SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 series of relays. To establish a communication link via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, SPEED, RTSCTS, RXID, and TXID. =>SHO P 2 Port 2 PROTO = SPEED = RXID = RMB1PU= RMB3PU= RMB5PU= RMB7PU= Figure 3.
3.4 Job Done Examples High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications SEL-400 Series MIRRORED BITS Settings The required port settings for SEL-400 series relays are shown below. To establish communication via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, MBT, SPEED, STOPBIT, TXID, RXID, and TXMODE. All other settings are per the application requirements.
Job Done Examples High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications 3.5 SEL-2505 and SEL-2506 Settings The SEL-2505 and SEL-2506 use control (DIP) switches to set the MIRRORED BITS connection. For easy installation order the SEL-2505 with the SEL-2812 fiber-optic option (SEL-2505x6xXX). Use multimode C807 ST terminated fiber-optic cable to directly connect the SEL-2505 to an SEL-3031 equipped with a fiber-optic option for Port 1.
3.6 Job Done Examples Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements Initial Checkout The easiest way to verify that the relays are communicating is to use the TARget command, as shown below. =>TAR ROKA LBOKB CBADB RBADB 0 0 0 Figure 3.6 ROKB 0 LBOKA 0 CBADA 0 RBADA 0 ROKA 1 TAR ROKA Command From an SEL-351 The results shown here is from an SEL-351 Relay. ROKA is asserted, meaning that the two relays have established MIRRORED BITS communication.
Job Done Examples Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements 3.7 SEL-3031 Settings The SEL-3031 requires very few inputs for setting up the serial port to the correct protocol. Figure 3.8 shows the settings needed for Port 1. Figure 3.8 SEL-3031 Port 1 Settings for Fast Messaging The PROTO setting must be set to Standard. The Standard setting is the default for use on any byte-oriented protocol.
3.8 Job Done Examples Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements SEL-300 Series Settings The required settings for the SEL-351 are shown below. These settings are similar to all of the SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 family of relays. To establish a communication link via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, SPEED, BITS, PARITY, STOP, and RTSCTS.
Job Done Examples Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements 3.9 *>>AUTO 2 FID: FID=SEL-351S-7-R106-V0-Z003003-D20010110 DEVICE ID: FEEDER 1 BAUD RATE: 19200 OPERATE SUPPORT: Binary (1 Breakers, 16 Remote Bits S-C-P) LEVEL 1 PASSWORD: OTTER COMMANDS SUPPORTED: B 20METER B 20DEMAND B 20TARGET A 20HISTORY A 20STATUS A 20EVENT A 20EVENTS A 20EVENTL *>> Figure 3.10 Example AUTO Command Output The AUTO command verifies initial configuration is set up.
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Section 4 Settings and Commands PC Software QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software is a powerful settings and HMI tool that aids in setting, applying, and using the SEL-3031 and other SEL devices. This section describes how to get started with your SEL-3031 and ACSELERATOR QuickSet. ACSELERATOR Table 4.1 ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software Terminal Provides a direct connection to the SEL device. Use this communications method to interface directly with the device.
4.2 Settings and Commands PC Software Communications ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses the device USB management port to communicate with the SEL-3031. Perform the following steps to configure ACSELERATOR QuickSet to communicate effectively with the device. Step 1. Figure 4.1 Click Communications from the ACSELERATOR QuickSet main menu bar, as shown in Figure 4.1. Communications Menu Step 2. Select Parameters to display the screen shown in Figure 4.2.
Settings and Commands PC Software Figure 4.2 4.3 Serial Port Communications Parameters Step 3. Configure the PC port to Data Speed 9600, Data Bits 8, Stop Bits 1, and Parity None. Step 4. Configure ACSELERATOR QuickSet to match the SEL-3031 default settings by entering the Access Level 1 and Access Level 2 passwords in their respective text boxes. Step 5. Exit the menus by clicking OK when finished.
4.4 Settings and Commands PC Software Figure 4.3 Terminal Window Menu The terminal window is an ASCII interface for the device that supports a basic terminal emulation. Open the terminal window by clicking Communications > Terminal or by typing . Verify proper communications with the device by opening a terminal window, pressing a few times, and verifying that a prompt is received. If a prompt is not received, verify proper setup.
Settings and Commands Settings 4.5 Settings Settings Database Management and Drivers ACSELERATOR ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses a database on the PC to save device settings. QuickSet contains sets of all settings files for each device specified in the Database Manager. Choose appropriate storage backup methods and a secure location for storing database files. Active Database Change the active database to the one requiring modification by selecting File > Active Database on the main menu bar.
4.6 Settings and Commands Settings Step 3. Type the filename and click Open. a. Highlight the device or setting in the A database. b. Step 4. Select Copy or Move, and click the > button to create a new device or setting in the B database. Reverse this process to take devices from the B database to the A database. Copy creates an identical device that appears in both databases. Move removes the device from one database and places the device in another database.
Settings and Commands Settings 4.7 menus. ACSELERATOR QuickSet shows all of the settings categories in the settings tree view. The settings tree view remains constant whether settings categories are enabled or disabled. However, any disabled settings are dimmed when accessed by clicking an item in the tree view. File Menu ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses a database to store and manage SEL device settings. Each unique device has its own record of settings.
4.8 Settings and Commands Settings Figure 4.6 Update Part Number Figure 4.6 shows the Settings Editor screen. View the bottom of the Device Editor window to verify the Settings Driver number. Compare the ACSELERATOR QuickSet Settings Driver number and the first portion of the Z-number in the FID string (this can be found by selecting Tools > HMI > HMI > Status). These numbers must match. ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses the first portion of the Z-number to determine which Device Editor to display. Figure 4.
Settings and Commands Settings 4.9 File > Read Select File > Read to cause ACSELERATOR QuickSet to read the device settings from a connected device. As ACSELERATOR QuickSet reads the device, a Transfer Status window will appear. ACSELERATOR QuickSet uses serial protocols to read settings from SEL devices. Device Editor (Editor Mode) Use the Device Editor (Editor Mode) to enter and display settings.
4.10 Settings and Commands Settings Options—Part Number Select Edit > Part Number to change the part number if it was entered incorrectly during an earlier step. Text Files Select Tools > Settings > Import or Tools > Settings > Export on the Device Editor (Editor Mode) menu bar to import or export settings to or from a text file. Use this feature to create a small file that can be easily stored or sent electronically.
Settings and Commands Settings 4.11 channel availability of the link. The “Zone Availability” gives the availability of each of the 10 zones. See Monitoring Radio Performance on page 5.1 for more information on optimizing the radio link. Figure 4.9 Radio Strength and Channel Availability The SER window displays the same information as the ASCII SER commands. The Control Window allows you to clear the SER, synchronize with IRIG, and set the time and date.
4.12 Settings and Commands Settings Date_F allows you to change the device date presentation format to either North American standard (Month/Day/Year), Engineering standard (Year/Month/Day), or European standard (Day/Month/Year). 5V_EN enables the +5 V on Pin 1 on every EIA-232 DB-9 serial port. When this setting is on, all three ports will have +5 Vdc on Pin 1. The entire load on the +5 V must not exceed 500 mA. Radio Settings Table 4.
Settings and Commands Settings 4.13 The SEL-3031 has radio statistics to help set the SKIP setting if the availability of the radio is less than desired. In order to determine which frequency zones to skip, issue a RADio C command and operate the radios over a period of time. You will get better availability results the longer you let the radio run linked. Issue the RADio command to view the availability of each frequency zone.
4.14 Settings and Commands Settings The protocol setting defines the type of data that will be passing through the serial port. This setting automatically sets parameters in the radio to optimize best performance. Any of the three serial ports may be set to any of the protocols. Ports 2 and 3 are always EIA-232 ports. For example, you have three ports of MIRRORED BITS® (MB8), or any combination or MB8, MODBUS, and STANDARD. Table 4.
Settings and Commands Commands Table 4.7 4.15 Fixed Port Settings Port Setting Fixed Port Settings Fixed Port Settings With SEL-3044 Card Data Rate 19200 bps 9600 bps Data Bits 8 8 Parity None None Stop Bit 1 1 RTS/CTS Flow Control Off Off The CTS setting is used to set the state of the CTS (Pin 7) line on each of the ports. In most cases this setting should be set to deasserted. Most SEL devices require CTS deasserted in order for them to respond to DNP requests.
4.16 Settings and Commands Commands Access Level 0 Once serial port communication is established with the SEL-3031, press and you should see the following prompt: = NOTE: If you don't get the = prompt, then refer back to Communications on page 4.2 to properly connect to the SEL-3031. This is referred to as Access Level 0. Only a few commands are available at this level. One is the ACC command.
Settings and Commands Commands 4.17 ASCII Commands The SEL-3031 includes ASCII commands and settings to properly set the SEL-3031. ACSELERATOR QuickSet software provides a user-friendly interface to set the SEL-3031, but either interface can be used to set the product. DATE Command Use the DATE command to view and set the date, as shown in Table 4.8. Table 4.8 DATE Command Command Description Access Level DAT Displays the internal clock date.
4.18 Settings and Commands Commands the one-minute synchronization, issue the IRI command to force the device to synchronize immediately with the IRIG-B signal. You can also use the IRI command to determine whether the device is properly reading the IRIG-B signal. t Table 4.10 IRIG Command Command Description Access Level IRI Forces synchronization of internal control clock to IRIG-B time-code input.
Settings and Commands Commands 4.19 PASSWORD Command Use PAS to view or change existing passwords, as shown in Table 4.12 and Table 4.13. Table 4.12 PAS Command Command Description Access Level PAS level new passwords Sets a password for new password for Access Level level.a 2 a. Parameter level represents the device Access Levels 1 or 2. ! WARNING This device is shipped with default passwords. Default passwords should be changed to private passwords at installation.
4.20 Settings and Commands Commands Table 4.14 Valid Password Characters Alpha ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Numeric 0123456789 Special !“#$%&‘()*+,-./:;,=.?@[\]^_‘{|}~ If you forget your password, you can reissue a new password by following these steps: Step 1. In accordance with the appropriate safety regulations, turn off the device, and see Front-Panel Jumpers on page 2.9 for instructions on accessing the jumpers. Step 2. Go to Table 2.
Settings and Commands Commands ➤ Table 4.16 4.21 AVAILABILITY. The radio automatically calculates the availability of the overall radio link and the availability of each hopping frequency. The availability is calculated by measuring the number of good radio frames received per the number of radio frames expected. The Overall is the tallied availability of each of the frequency zones used in the current hopping table. This number is valuable for measuring overall radio availability.
4.22 Settings and Commands Commands SER Command Use SER to view and manage the Sequential Events Recorder report, as shown in Table 4.17. Table 4.17 SER Command Command Description Access Level SER Displays a chronological progression of all available SER rows (up to 1024 rows); row 1 is the most recent and row 1024 is the oldest. 1 SER row 1 Displays a chronological or reverse chronological SER row 1 row 2 subset of the SER rows.
Settings and Commands Commands 4.23 If you want to set all of the Radio settings, issue the SET R command and it will start at the beginning of the settings list. Enter the desired setting value or press to accept the existing setting, as shown in Table 4.19. Table 4.19 SET Command Editing Keystrokes Press Key Results Retains the setting and moves to the next setting. ^ Returns to the previous setting. < Returns to the previous setting category.
4.24 Settings and Commands Commands STATUS Command Use STA to display the status report, as shown in Table 4.21. Table 4.21 STA Command (Device Self-Test Status) Command Description Access Level STA n Displays the device self-test information n times (n = 1–32767). Defaults to 1 if n is not specified. 1 STA C Reboots the device and clears self-test warning and failure status results.
Settings and Commands Commands Table 4.22 4.25 STA Command Report (Sheet 2 of 2) Status Report Designator Definition Message Format FLASH Nonvolatile memory integrity OK/FAIL SDRAM Integrity of code that runs in RAM OK/FAIL RADIO Radio module status OK/FAIL RTC Real-Time Clock status OK/FAIL SEC SEL-3044 Encryption Card status OK/ABSENT/RESET/FAIL TIME Command Use TIME to return information about the SEL-3031 internal clock, as shown in Table 4.23.
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Section 5 Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting Overview This section provides information on monitoring radio performance, testing, and troubleshooting. Because the SEL-3031 is equipped with extensive self-tests, traditional periodic test procedures may be eliminated or greatly reduced. Monitoring Radio Performance This section describes the tools you can use to monitor and improve the radio performance. This section assumes that the radio link is up and running in service.
5.2 Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting Monitoring Radio Performance should match to the results of the path study. If the path study numbers do not match the actual results then either the data entered is incorrect or information about the locations was omitted. Contact SEL if you cannot get the calculated values to match the measured values. RADIO 1 STATION_A Date: 09/11/2009 Time: 10:54:26 Time Source: Internal RSSI -46 dBm AVAILABILITY: From 09/11/2009 10:53:50 Overall 100.
Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting Monitoring Radio Performance 5.3 You may need to repeat these steps before the availability reaches the desired level. Note: There are 16 zones available in the SEL-3031 where a radio link only uses a maximum of 10 zones. Skipping zones will turn on zones not previously used and may give worse performance. The default SKIP setting of NONE will make the SEL-3031 SKIP zones 11–16.
5.4 Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting Monitoring Radio Performance Monitoring MIRRORED BITS performance over a radio link is critical to ensure proper operation when called upon to operate. The RBAD and CBAD bits provided in every SEL device with MIRRORED BITS can be used to alarm when the radio link is degraded below levels needed for proper operation. ➤ RBADPU: Setting for the amount of time the channel is in a failed state before setting the RBAD alarm Relay Word bit.
Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting Self-Test 5.5 the site or in the path of the current radio link. It is important to take CBAD and RBAD and use them in the relay to trigger an alarm condition through an output contact or have the SCADA system detect the alarm. Line-of-site radio paths can experience adverse conditions over time and it is critical to constantly monitor the radio performance to keep the availability numbers as high as possible.
5.6 Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Table 5.2 Troubleshooting Tips (Sheet 1 of 2) Symptom Probable Cause Corrective Action ALARM LED is ON Radio recognized a status failure. Cycle power, issue STATUS command. If alarm signal returns, return unit to the factory for repair. ALARM LED flashes ON every half second.
Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Table 5.2 5.7 Troubleshooting Tips (Sheet 2 of 2) Symptom Probable Cause Corrective Action The Remote radio will not link up to the Master. Radio address or mode is not set correctly. The Master and Remote radios must be set to the same address and have the same SKIP settings. Check that the Master radio LINK light is ON and that the NID address and SKIP setting is set correctly on both units.
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Appendix A U.Instruction Manual Firmware and Manual Versions Firmware Determining the Firmware Version in Your Device To find the version number of the firmware in your SEL-3031, use the STA command (see STATUS Command on page 4.24 for more information). The firmware revision number is after the R, and the release date is after the D. For example, the following string shows firmware version number 100 with a release date of October 9, 2009: FID=SEL-3031-R100-V0-Z001001-D20091009 Table A.
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Appendix B SEL-3044 Encryption Card Overview The SEL-3044 Encryption Card is a standalone card that can be added to the SEL-3031 to encrypt the radio data being sent between SEL-3031 radio links. The SEL-3044 can be ordered at time of purchase or added as an upgrade. The SEL-3044 requires one setting to provide a very strong level of encryption over the radio link. Anytime the SEL-3031 is used with critical data it is strongly advised to use the SEL-3044.
B.2 SEL-3044 Encryption Card Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol Protection of a cryptographic module within a security system is necessary to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the information protected by the module. FIPS 140-2 Level 2 covers areas related to the secure design and implementation of a cryptographic module.
SEL-3044 Encryption Card B.3 Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol Key Management System key (256 bits): The system key is set by a passphrase of 8 to 80 characters. The passphrase is used to generate a system key. The system key is used to encrypt and securely transmit unique session keys (see below). It also provides a cryptographic authentication mechanism for rejecting session requests by unauthorized SEL-3044 devices.
B.4 SEL-3044 Encryption Card Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol Application Consideration Two messaging structures exist to establish and maintain a secure, coherent communications link between two SEL-3044 devices: In-Band (IB) frames and Out-ofBand (OOB) frames. IB frames transmit encrypted user data (i.e., data received on the trusted data interface) between the two protected devices (computer, IED, RTU, etc.).
SEL-3044 Encryption Card B.5 Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol NOTE: Both SEL-3044 transceivers that communicate with each other must share the same system key. AES Overview The AES encryption function uses a 256-bit-long secret key and scrambles the contents of each frame prior to transmission to provide cryptographically strong data confidentiality. Encryption is the process of transforming a digital message from its original form into a form that an unauthorized individual cannot interpret.
B.6 SEL-3044 Encryption Card Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol Frame Replay Protection Every frame in a given session contains a sequence number field. The value in this field increments every time a frame is transmitted. The SEL-3044 will not accept any frame that contains a sequence number value that is less than, or equal to, the sequence number value received in the last frame.
SEL-3044 Encryption Card B.7 Theory of Operation—SEL Protocol Figure B.4 Encryption Card Location Step 4. Reassemble the unit in reverse order of Step 2. Step 5. Apply power to the unit and verify the SEC light is flashing. The flashing LED shows the SEL-3044 is functioning properly and is currently in Reset. If the SEC LED is not flashing, then you must turn off the unit and verify the card is properly seated in the pins.
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