User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. PURPOSE
- 1.1.1. The primary purpose of this manual is to provide descriptive information, operational information, instructions in assembly, and instructions in testing and preparation for operational or training use of the Remote Firing Device (RFD).
- 1.1.2. The Remote Firing Device (RFD) is used to activate electric and non-electric detonator devices. The System is strictly an electronic device, containing no explosive. The Mini Controller Unit shall be operated from 100 feet (30 meters) to five miles (8 km) from the explosive. The Electric Remote Unit shall be placed at the explosive site, with a two-conductor firing line running to the explosive. The Remote Shock Tube Initiator (RSTI) is placed at the explosive site, with 3mm non-electric shock tube running to the explosive. The Mini Controller Unit communicates to the Remote Units through a two-way RF transmitter data link, for a typical distance greater than Error! Reference source not found. (8 km). The Remote Unit can typically return communication for a distance greater than Error! Reference source not found. (1.6 km). Actual communication range is dependant upon a variety of factors such as terrain, obstacles, antenna height, and local interference.
- 1.1.3. Throughout this manual, the tem “Remote Unit” is a generic term that is used for both the Electric Remote Unit and for the RSTI.
- 1.2. STORAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- 1.2.1. The Mini Controller Unit and Remote Unit have manual operated vents. The vents should always be CLOSED during air transport, underwater transport, storage and operational use to prevent moisture intake. The operator should momentarily open and close the vent after the unit has been subjected to changes in elevation or depth. This equalizes pressure within the case to the outside environment. DO NOT open the vent if there is water on or near the vent or if the relative humidity is above 90%. Towel dry vents prior to opening. The vents should be OPEN, when stored in a dry hot environment.
- 1.2.2. The Mini Controller Unit and Remote Unit (with vents closed) are airtight to an altitude of 30,000 feet and watertight to a depth of 100 feet.
- 1.2.3. The Mini Controller Unit and Remote Unit is shock resistant, drop tested from 5 feet onto 3 inches of steel plate backed by concrete.
- 1.2.4. The battery pack and unit electronics are electrically isolated from the unit case.
- 1.2.5. The Mini Controller Unit and Electric Remote Unit have a temperature operation from 22 ºF to +140 ºF (-30 ºC to +60 ºC). The RSTI has a temperature operation range from 15 ºF to +140 ºF (-26 ºC to +60 ºC).
- 1.3. MAINTENANCE
- 1.3.1. Batteries within the RFD require periodic charging and discharging to maintain health and service life.
- 1.3.2. The battery packs within the RFD should be replaced every 3 years or 300 charge cycles, whichever comes first. Battery packs can be replaced by the user following strict procedures to maintain case sealing. It is recommended the battery packs be replaced by the manufacturer or by an authorized service center. Contact the manufacturer for details.
- 1.3.3. Corrective maintenance shall be accomplished at the manufacturer or authorized service depot. Replacement of parts or disassembly by any other entity could result in the unsafe operation of the RFD and will void the manufacturer’s warranty.
- 1.3.4. In case of failure of a component of the RFD System, the system will need to be shipped to the manufacturer or authorized service depot.
- 1.1. PURPOSE
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO RFD SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- 2.1. SYSTEM
- 2.1.1. The RFD is a battery powered, hand held, radio remote controlled system to be used on land as a primary firing mechanism to detonate explosive charges. The RFD system consists of a Mini Controller Unit and up to four Remote Units (any combination for Electric Remotes and RSTIs up to a total of four).
- 2.1.2. The Mini Controller Unit and Remote Units in one system will not operate with Units from another system.
- 2.1.3. The RFD is transportable over land, underwater to a depth of 100 feet (30 meters), and in the air to an altitude of 30,000 feet (9,100 meters). The units are shock resistant to a 5 foot (1.5 meter) drop and impervious to static discharge.
- 2.1.4. The Mini Controller and Electric Remote Units will operate in a temperature range of -22 ºF to + 140 ºF (-30 ºC to +60 ºC). The RSTI will operate in a temperature range of -15 ºF to +140 ºF (-26 ºC to +60 ºC).
- 2.1.5. The system has two modes of operation. The two modes are one-way, and the two-way mode.
- 2.1.5.1. Range for one-way mode is greater than Error! Reference source not found. (8 km) typically.
- 2.1.5.2. Range for two-way mode is greater than 1 mile (1.5 km) typically.
- 2.1.6. The RFD System consists of the component parts in Table 21 and Figure 21.
- Figure
- Index No.
- Description
- Units per System
- Figure 2-2
- 1
- Mini Controller Unit
- 1
- Figure 2-2
- 2
- Remote Unit, Electric
- Up to 4*
- Figure 2-2
- 3
- Remote Unit, RSTI
- Up to 4*
- Figure 2-2
- 4
- Battery Charger
- See note **
- Figure 2-2
- 5
- Antenna Assembly
- One per Unit
- Figure 2-2
- 6
- Carrying Case Assembly
- 2
- Figure 2-2
- 7
- Test Box
- 1
- Figure 2-2
- 8
- Test Lamp
- 1 per Electric Remote
- Figure 2-2
- 9
- Shock Tube Igniter Tip
- 2 per RSTI
- * Any combination of Electric Remotes and Remote Shock Tube Initiators (RSTIs) can be configured for a maximum total of 4 Remotes.
- ** The system is available with one or two 3-Position Chargers. Included with each Charger is a +12V power supply.
- 2.2. MINI CONTROLLER UNIT
- 2.3. MINI CONTROLLER UNIT SWITCH OPERATION
- 2.3.1. Unit Power Control: Depress the “ON” switch for one second to turn the power on to the Mini Controller Unit when the Antenna is attached. The yellow light in the upper left quadrant of the “ON” switch will turn on. Depress the “OFF” switch to turn the power off to the Mini Controller Unit.
- 2.3.2. Power ON Self Test: Upon installing the antenna and pressing the “ON” switch, a rigorous self test is initiated. If a failure of the self test occurs, it will not be possible to activate the unit. The unit must be returned to the Manufacturer for service. Do not attempt to use a failing unit.
- 2.3.3. Display Panel Light Dimmer Circuit: With the unit powered on, Repress the ‘ON’ switch briefly to toggle the LED display light’s intensity between bright and dim. When the unit is turned on, the last chosen intensity setting is restored.
- 2.3.4. Select Remote Units: Depress the Select Switches “1” through “4” to select independently the Remote Units that will communicate with the Mini Controller Unit. Any combination of the four Remote Units may be selected. The yellow SELECT light on the switch indicates if the Remote Unit programmed for that switch is selected. Press the switch again and the yellow SELECT light for that Remote Unit will be turned off indicating the Remote Unit is not selected.
- 2.3.5. Request Remote Unit Status: Depress the “STATUS” switch to transmit a status request signal to the selected Remote Units. The selected Remote Units will transmit their current status to the Mini Controller Unit. If none of the Remote Units are selected, the Mini Controller Unit will request status from all four Remote Units. Any answering Remote Units will be selected automatically. If the Mini Controller Unit is within range of the Remote Unit transmitter, the status of the selected Remote Unit will be presented on the display panel with a steady light. If the Mini Controller Unit is out of range of the Remote Unit transmitter, the status will be assumed from the last command sent to that Remote Unit. In that case the assumed status of the Remote Unit will flash on the display panel.
- 2.3.6. Arm the Remote Unit: Depress the “ARM” switch for 1/2 second and the Mini Controller Unit will transmit the Arm command to the selected Remote Units. The red ARMED light at the selected Remote Units will flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel until the firing capacitor charging time is completed. The Mini Controller Unit then requests status of the selected Remote Units. If the Mini Controller Unit is within range of the selected Remote Unit transmitter, the ARMED red light for that Remote Unit will be on steady on the Mini Controller Unit display panel. If the Mini Controller Unit is out of range of the selected Remote Unit transmitter, the red ARMED light for that Remote Unit will continue to flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel. If the Fire command is not sent within the Arm Time Period, the system will disarm automatically.
- 2.3.7. Disarm the Remote Unit: Depress the “DISARM” switch. The Mini Controller Unit will transmit the Disarm command to selected Remote Units. Selected Remote Units will internally discharge their firing capacitor. Selected Remote Units that receive the Disarm command will become disarmed within 3 seconds of receiving the command. The green DISARMED light for selected Remote Units will begin to flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel. The Mini Controller Unit will then request status of selected Remote Units. If the Mini Controller Unit is within range of the selected Remote Unit transmitter, the green DISARMED light for that Remote Unit will turn to steady on the Mini Controller Unit display panel. If the Mini Controller Unit is out of range of the selected Remote Unit transmitter, the green DISARMED light for that Remote Unit will continue to flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel. If the Fire command is not sent within the Arm Time Period, the system will disarm automatically.
- 2.3.8. Activate the Remote Unit Firing Circuit: Depress the “FIRE” switch for 1/2 second and the Mini Controller Unit will transmit the Fire command to selected Remote Units. The Mini Controller Unit will only transmit the Fire command to selected Remote Units whose status is Armed. The selected Remote Units will be placed in Fire Mode and discharge the firing capacitor across the binding posts. The red ARMED light will turn off and the green DISARMED light for each selected Remote Unit will begin to flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel. The Mini Controller Unit will then request status from the selected Remote Units. If the Mini Controller Unit is within range of the selected Remote Unit transmitter, the DISARMED green light for that Remote Unit will turn to steady on the Mini Controller Unit display panel. If the Mini Controller Unit is out of range of the selected Remote Unit transmitter, the green DISARMED light for that Remote Unit will continue to flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel.
- 2.3.9. Multistage Firing of Remote Units: Multistage firing provides the ability to arm all four Remote Units at one time, and select any combination of the Remote Units to fire at different intervals within the Arm Time Period. The procedure for multistage firing is:
- Depress “1” though “4” switches.
- Depress “ARM” switch – all four Remote Units will arm.
- Depress the switches for the Remote Units that will not be fired initially.
- Depress the “FIRE” switch. Only Remote Units still selected will fire.
- Depress the switches for the Remote Units that were just fired.
- Depress the switches for Remote Units to be fired next.
- Depress the “FIRE” switch. Only Remote Units still selected will fire.
- Repeat as necessary. Remote Units will automatically disarm if not fired within the Arm Time Period.
- 2.3.10. Misfires: If a Remote Unit does not fire when the Fire command is sent, repeat the fire sequence up to 3 times. If the Remote Unit continues not to fire, then a thirty-minute wait prior to approaching is mandatory. Follow your standard operating procedures for misfires.
- 2.4. MINI CONTROLLER UNIT DISPLAY OPERATION
- 2.4.1. Nighttime Panel Switch Locator: There are ten red lights used for backlighting the Mini Controller Unit switches. When the Mini Controller is powered on, the lights turn on to help locate the switch positions.
- 2.4.2. Display Panel Dimmer Circuit: Repressing the ‘ON’ switch toggles the LED display light’s intensity between bright and dim. When the unit is turned on, the last chosen intensity setting is restored.
- 2.4.3. Mini Controller Unit Battery Status: The yellow light at the “ON” switch displays the Mini Controller Unit BATTERY status. If the Mini Controller Unit battery is low, the yellow light at the “ON” switch will flash. Otherwise this light will be on steady.
- 2.4.4. Remote Unit Battery Status: The yellow select light at each of the “1” through “4” switches will indicate the selected Remote Units’ battery status after a status request command is issued. If the selected Remote Unit transmitter is within range of the Mini Controller Unit and Remote Unit's battery is low, the yellow select light for that Remote Unit will flash. Else, the select light will be on steady.
- 2.4.5. Remote Unit Safe: A green light next to each of the “1” though “4” switches is used to indicate when the corresponding Remote Unit is safe/disarmed. The light will be on steady when the Remote Unit transmitter is within range of the Mini Controller Unit and it is disarmed. If the Remote Unit transmitter is out of range of the Mini Controller Unit, the light will flash after a Disarm command has been sent.
- 2.4.6. Remote Unit Armed: A red light next to each of the “1” though “4” switches is used to indicate when the corresponding Remote Unit is armed. The ARMED light for selected Remote Units will flash after the Arm command is sent to the selected Remote Units. The ARMED light will go to steady after the firing capacitor charge time if the Mini Controller Unit is within range of the selected Remote Unit's transmitter. If the Remote Unit transmitter is out of range of the Mini Controller Unit, the ARMED light will continue to flash.
- 2.4.7. Status: A yellow light at the “STATUS” switch lights when the “STATUS” switch is pressed. The light remains on until the display panel has been updated with results of the status request. All new commands are blocked while this light is on.
- 2.4.8. Arm: A yellow light at the “ARM” switch lights when the “ARM” switch is pressed. This light will stay on for the firing capacitor charge time.
- 2.4.9. Disarm: A yellow light at the “DISARM” switch lights when the “DISARM” switch is pressed. This light will stay on until the display panel is updated for the Disarm command. Other commands will not be sent until this light is turned off.
- 2.4.10. Fire: A yellow light at the “FIRE” switch lights when the “FIRE” switch is pressed. This light will stay on until the display panel is updated for the Fire command. Other commands will not be sent until this light is turned off.
- 2.4.11. “TX” (Transmit): A red light at the “TX” position lights while Mini Controller Unit is transmitting. Switch presses (DISARM, STATUS, ARM, FIRE, and 1-4) are not recognized while the Mini Controller Unit is transmitting.
- 2.4.12. “RX” (Receive): During operation the green “RX” light turns on while receiving a status response from a Remote Unit. The RX light will also turn on in the presence of another on channel radio signal or from background radio noise.
- 2.4.13. Figure 23 shows an isometric view to further illustrate the exterior features of the Mini Controller.
- 2.4.14. Manual Air Vent: A manual vent is located on top of the unit. The vent is used to relieve any internal pressure that has accumulated within the unit as a result of temperature or altitude. The vent is opened when charging to release any gasses or pressures accumulated during charging. The vent is closed during normal use or when the unit is exposed to moisture.
- 2.4.15. Battery Compartment: In the back of the unit is a compartment which stores the rechargeable battery pack. The battery compartment is isolated from the units electronics.
- 2.4.16. System Configuration Label: The System Configuration Label contains information related to the settings of the unit within the system it operates. The information displayed on this label may be considered semi-permanent.
- 2.5. ELECTRIC REMOTE UNIT
- 2.5.1. Figure 24 shows the external features of the Electric Remote Unit. The unit is sealed at the manufacturer or service depot and should not be opened during field activity.
- 2.5.2. Power ON Self Test: Immediately after the Electric Remote is turned on by installing the Antenna, a rigorous self-test is performed. If a failure is detected, the red ARMED light will blink continuously and all other lights will be extinguished. It is not possible to use the unit once an error has been detected. The unit must be returned to the Manufacturer for service. Do not attempt to use a failing unit.
- 2.5.3. Safe Separation Time: Upon the installation of the Antenna, a safe separation countdown timer is initiated. During the safe separation time, the SAFE and ARMED lights will be on steady, while the ON light blinks rapidly. During the safe separation time, the unit will not accept any radio commands (i.e. Status, Arm, Disarm, or Fire). This is to provide a short but highly safe window of time for the user to exit the immediate vicinity of the blast area. After the safe separation time is complete, the unit may still be considered safe as long as it does not receive an Arm or a Fire radio command from the system’s mated Mini Controller. Thus, it is recommended that the mated Mini Controller be rendered unusable while personnel are within the hazard area. This can be accomplished by the removal of the Mini Controller’s antenna and its secure storage until ready for use. The default Safe Separation Time is 15 seconds.
- 2.5.4. Green SAFE Light: After the Safe Separation Time is complete, the green SAFE light turns on to indicate that the unit is disarmed; the internal firing capacitor is fully discharged, and that the unit is operating correctly. The SAFE light will be extinguished when the unit has entered Sleep Mode (See 2.5.7).
- 2.5.5. Yellow ON Light: After the unit is activated and has completed its Safe Separation Time, the yellow ON light will remain illuminated. The ON light will blink slowly to indicate that its battery needs to be recharged before use. The ON light will be extinguished when the unit has entered Sleep Mode (See 2.5.7).
- 2.5.6. Red ARMED Light: After the Safe Separation Time is complete, the red ARMED light indicates that the unit is armed; the capacitor is charged and the unit is ready to fire. Appropriate caution of the unit should be observed when the unit is armed.
- 2.5.7. Sleep Mode: The Electric Remote Unit operates in a sleep mode to extend the battery’s run time during periods of inactivity. To enter sleep mode, the unit must be disarmed (safe and capacitor discharged) and the battery must not be low. Approximately one minute after activity (power on or a radio command), the unit will enter sleep mode. In sleep mode, the display lights extinguish and all non-essential functions are suspended. Sleep mode can be exited by sending the unit a radio command from its mated Mini Controller. Upon receipt of a radio command, the unit will be immediately awakened and ready for operation. While in sleep mode, units may run for 200+ hours. Actual sleep mode run time is affected by a variety of factors such as the sleep mode setting of your system, the state of charge of the battery, the health of the battery, and the ambient temperatures the unit will be exposed to.
- 2.5.8. Figure 25 provides an angled view of the Electric Remote to show the System Configuration Label as well as the Battery Compartment Lid. Also illustrated are various hardware items such as the Binding Posts, Manual Air Vent, and the labels.
- 2.5.9. Binding Posts: The Binding Posts located on top of the Electric Remote Unit allow the firing cable to attach to the firing terminals. The insulation at the ends of the firing cable must be removed prior to attachment. One at a time, depress the top of the binding posts and insert a leg of the firing cable. Release the binding post, causing it to grab the lead.
- 2.5.10. Manual Air Vent: A manual vent is located on top of the unit. The vent is used to relieve any internal pressure that has accumulated within the unit as a result of temperature or altitude. The vent is opened when charging to release any gasses or pressures accumulated during charging. The vent is closed during normal use or when the unit is exposed to moisture.
- 2.5.11. Battery Compartment: In the back of the unit is a compartment which stores the rechargeable battery pack. The battery compartment is isolated from the units electronics.
- 2.5.12. System Configuration Label: The System Configuration Label contains information related to the settings of the unit within the system it operates. The information displayed on this label may be considered semi-permanent.
- 2.5.13. Model, Serial Number, FCC ID, and IC Label: The information displayed in this label is permanently assigned by the factory.
- 2.6. REMOTE SHOCK TUBE INITIATOR (RSTI)
- 2.6.1. Figure 26 shows the external features of the RSTI. The unit is sealed at the manufacturer or service depot and should not be opened during field activity.
- 2.6.2. The RSTI operates similar to the Electric Remote Unit as described in Section 2.5, but initiates non-electric tubing instead of electric detonators. The RSTI develops 2,500V at the Shock Tube Tip Firing Terminals when firing.
- 2.6.3. Figure 27 shows the installation of the Shock Tube Firing Tip onto the Firing Terminals on the RSTI.
- 2.6.4. Figure 28 shows the installation of the shock tube onto the shock tube firing tip when preparing for use. Care should be taken when handling the shock tube to prevent the incursion of debris or moisture into the tube.
- Keep open tube ends capped during storage and transportation.
- Keep the tip needle clean and dry.
- Replace the tip every 200 shots or if misfiring occurs.
- 1. Make a fresh cut with a sharp knife removing the last 6 inches of shock tube.
- 2. Insert the shock tube through the guide hole on the tip as shown in Figure 28. The guide hole secures the tube to the tip and prevents pulling out.
- 3. Insert the tube into the center hole on the flat side. Feed the tube through the hole observing the side view hole. The tube should slide onto the igniter needle until the needle is no longer visible and the tube is resting against the plastic tip housing.
- 2.7. 3 POSITION BATTERY CHARGER
- 2.8. TEST BOX
- 2.8.1. Figure 210 provides a drawing of the Test Box. The Test Box is used to display information from and to evaluate the performance of the Mini Controller and Electric Remote Units and RSTIs. The Test Box can also be used to change settings and parameters of the units with certain restrictions.
- 2.8.2. Serial Communications Port: The Test Box can be connected to a serial RS-232 port on a host PC. The connection can be used to log the results of the tests performed. The serial communications port is also used when performing parameter changes.
- 2.8.3. Test Probe: The Test Probe connects to the antenna/charge connector on the top of the Mini Controller, Electric Remote, or RSTI. Through the Test Probe, the Test Box communicates with the test unit to read the various settings, parameters, and to measure firing circuit and loaded battery voltages.
- 2.8.4. LCD Display: The LCD displays information both from the Test Box itself during its power on sequence, and while reading and testing a Mini Controller, Electric Remote, or RSTI. The LCD’s backlighting will turn on while the unit is active. The information that may be displayed on the LCD is listed below:
- 2.8.5. Power Input Jack: The Test Box is powered from +12VDC from an AC adapter. The AC adapter is capable of international use.
- 2.8.6. Serial Identification Label: This label provides information such as the Model Number, Serial Number, System Number, Assigned Frequency, and certification numbers.
- 2.9. ANTENNA ASSEMBLY
- 2.10. CARRYING CASE
- 2.11. VENT OPERATION
- 2.12. ANTENNA / BATTERY CHARGER CONNECTOR
- 2.13. CONNECTOR DUST COVER OPERATION
- 2.1. SYSTEM
- 3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
- 3.1. RADIO
- CARRIER FREQUENCY
- 150 - 174 MHz
- OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
- -30ºC to 60ºC
- -22ºF to 140ºF
- -26ºC to 60ºC (RSTI)
- -15ºF to 140ºF (RSTI)
- FCC
- Certified
- MINI CONTROLLER UNIT & TEST BOX
- ELECTRIC REMOTE & RSTI
- FREQUENCY STABILITY
- ±2.5PPM OR (0.000025%)
- FREQUENCY STABILITY
- ±2.5PPM OR (0.000025%)
- MODULATION
- 11K2F3D (AFSK)
- MODULATION
- 11K2F3D (AFSK)
- TRANSMIT POWER
- 2-5 Watts (Mini Controller)
- 1 Watt (Test Box)
- TRANSMIT POWER
- 2 Watts (Electric Remote)
- 2-5 Watts (RSTI)
- OPERATING POWER
- 7.2 VDC
- OPERATING POWER
- 7.2 VDC
- TRANSMISSION RANGE (LOS)
- TRANSMISSION RANGE (LOS)
- RECEIVER SENSITIVITY
- 12 dB Sinad at 0.28uV
- RECEIVER SENSITIVITY
- 12 dB Sinad at 0.28uV
- (*) Range is specified as line-of sight. The typical transmission range is based on transmitter power, antenna gain, frequency used, local geography, and local radio interference.
- 3.2. PHYSICAL
- Mini Controller Unit
- Electric Remote Unit and RSTI
- SIZE (w/out antenna) (in)
- 8H x 3W x 2.5D
- SIZE (w/out antenna)(in)
- 6H x 3W x 2.5D
- SIZE (w/out antenna) (cm)
- 20.32H x 7.62W x 6.35D
- SIZE (w/out antenna)(cm)
- 15.24H x 7.62W x 6.35D
- WEIGHT (w/battery)
- 2.5 lbs., 1.14 kg
- WEIGHT (w/battery)
- 2 lbs., 0.91 kg
- CASE
- Die cast aluminum
- CASE
- Die cast aluminum
- COLOR
- Black
- COLOR
- Black
- 3.3. BATTERY
- Mini Controller Unit
- Electric Remote Unit and RSTI
- BATTERY PACK
- Rechargeable NiMH
- BATTERY PACK
- Rechargeable NiMH
- BATTERY LIFE
- 6 Hours
- BATTERY LIFE
- Adjustable between 100-300 Hours
- Typical User Setting is 200 hours*
- BATTERY RECHARGE
- 240 Min
- BATTERY RECHARGE
- 240 Minutes
- STANDBY CURRENT
- 110 milliamps
- STANDBY CURRENT
- 80 milliamps
- TRANSMIT CURRENT
- 2.5 Amp
- TRANSMIT CURRENT
- 1-2.5 Amp
- (*) At the end of the 200 hours, the Electric Remote Unit can detonate 13 (2-Ohm) blasting caps connected in series and attached to 100 feet (30 meters) of 18AWG firing cable.
- 3.4. TIMING
- Mini Controller Unit ARM time:
- 1/2 ± 0.1 Seconds
- Electric Remote Unit ARM time:
- 7 ± 0.5 Seconds
- RSTI Unit ARM time:
- 4 ± 0.5 Seconds
- Mini Controller Unit Arm Time Period:
- 1 – 60 Minutes (20 Minute Default) **
- Remote Unit Arm Tim Period:
- 1 – 60 Minutes (20 Minute Default) **
- Mini Controller Unit DISARM time:
- 3 ± 0.1 Seconds
- Remote Unit DISARM time:
- 3 ± 0.1 Seconds
- Mini Controller Unit FIRE time:
- 1 ± 0.1 Seconds
- Remote Unit FIRE time:*
- 20 Milliseconds
- *This is the delay after the Remote Unit receives the command signal from the Mini Controller Unit to Fire.
- **The system’s Arm Time Period is factory set. Consult Rothenbuhler Engineering for details.
- 3.5. DETONATE OUTPUT
- Stored Energy Level:
- 2.8 Joule (typical), 1.8 Joule (minimum)
- Pulse Voltage Level:
- 50 VDC (typical), 45 VDC (minimum)
- Maximum Firing Resistance:*
- 28Ω
- *This includes firing cables, detonators, & detonator leg wires.
- Stored Energy Level:
- 0.470 Joule (typical), 0.350 Joule (minimum)
- Pulse Voltage Level:
- 2,500 VDC (typical), 2,250 VDC (minimum)
- 3.6. SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
- 3.1. RADIO
- 4. PRE-OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
- 4.1. PHYSICAL INSPECTION
- 4.1.1. Ensure the antenna / battery charger connector on the Mini Controller Unit and Remote Unit is not damaged.
- 4.1.2. Remove the antenna / battery charger connector dust cover and ensure the electrical pin area is clean and free of foreign material. Replace the dust cover.
- 4.1.3. Ensure the Antenna Assembly whip is not broken and that the whip has not separated from the sealing compound at the top of the connector.
- 4.1.4. Ensure that the spring-loaded binding posts on the Electric Remote Units are not damaged.
- 4.1.5. Ensure the Shock Tube Tip Jacks on the top of the RSTIs are clean and not damaged.
- 4.1.6. Remove the yellow dust cover from the Antenna Assembly and ensure that there is no foreign material in the electrical contact area. Replace the yellow dust cover.
- 4.2. BATTERY CHARGING WITH THE 3-POSITION CHARGER
- 4.2.1. The battery packs in the Mini Controller Unit, Remote Unit and Test Box contain rechargeable NiMH batteries. The battery packs are recharged through the antenna / battery charger connector on each unit.
- 4.2.2. For each new battery charge cycle, the charger increments a charge cycle counter stored within the packs of each unit. The charge cycle count can be displayed using the Test Box. Battery pack replacement is recommended when the charge count reaches 300 charge cycles to ensure reliable performance.
- 4.2.3. The battery pack in the Mini Controller Unit, Remote Units and Test Box should be charged before the system is used each time. The 3-Position Charger will charge the Mini Controller Unit, Remote Units and the Test Box in 240 minutes typically. Each 3-Position Charger has three independent charge stations. Each charge station has a CHARGE and a SLOW light. The 3-Position Charger has a single POWER light. The 3-Position Charger does not have a discharge function. Two 3-Position Chargers can be employed to charge all 6 units of the Half Case kit during one charge session.
- 4.2.4. The 3-Position Charger does not feature a discharge function. To condition the batteries of the units, they should periodically be left on until the low battery condition occurs before recharging. A full discharge will help to rejuvenate batteries that have been stored for extended periods or that may have developed a memory.
- 4.2.5. Plug the supplied AC Power Adapter into an AC outlet. The AC Power Adapter will operate from 100-240VAC, 50-60 Hz. The charger itself requires 11-14 VDC @ 2.5A which can also be supplied by an optional 12V auto accessory adapter.
- 4.2.6. Insert the DC plug from the AC Power Adapter into the power jack on the side of the charger. The POWER light will turn on.
- 4.2.7. Open the vent on each unit to be charged.
- 4.2.8. Connect each unit to be charged to the 3-Position Charger. The charger does not discriminate between Mini Controller units, Remote units and Test Boxes; any unit may be connected to any of the 3 charge connectors.
- 4.2.9. The CHARGE light for each connected unit will flash for approximately 5 seconds. The flashing CHARGE light indicates that charging is pending.
- 4.2.10. In normal operation, the CHARGE light will be on steady (non-blinking) after 5 seconds has passed. The steady CHARGE light indicates that the battery is being charged.
- 4.2.11. The battery must be within the temperature range 32 ºF and 104 ºF (0 to +40 ºC) for fast charging to occur.
- 4.2.12. If the detected battery voltage is less than 6 volts, the battery will be slow charged until the voltage is high enough for rapid charge. If the battery pack is defective and the voltage does not rise to the correct level, or if an internal error is detected within the battery, the green SLOW light will blink continuously.
- 4.2.13. When rapid charging terminates, the green SLOW light will be on steady, and the CHARGE light will be turned off.
- 4.2.14. Rapid charging terminates when the charger detects the battery pack is charged. Rapid charging will also terminate after 4 hours, or if the battery pack’s temperature is out of range.
- 4.2.15. If a unit is left turned on beyond the low battery point, the battery pack may not fully charge before the 4 hour rapid charge time limit expires. In that case, charge the battery pack again.
- 4.2.16. Close the vent on each Remote Unit and the Mini Controller Unit
- 4.3. BENCH TESTING THE SYSTEM
- 4.3.1. The System test must be conducted in an area that is at least 100 feet (30 meters) from the nearest blasting caps, wires connected to blasting caps, or other explosives.
- 4.3.2. All RFD System controls are described in detail in section 2.
- 4.3.3. Install the Antenna Assembly on the antenna / battery charger connector of the Mini Controller Unit. Ensure the Mini Controller Unit is off.
- 4.3.4. Install the Antenna Assemblies on the antenna / battery charger connectors of the Remote Units. The ON/LOW BATT and SAFE lights will come on steady. If the ON/LOW BATT light is flashing, the Remote Unit has a low battery. Recharge the battery in accordance with section 4.1.6.
- 4.3.5. Turn the Mini Controller Unit on by pressing the “ON” switch for 1 second. A yellow light located in the upper left quadrant of the “ON” switch will turn on steady. If the yellow light does not turn on steady, but flashes, this indicates a low battery for the Mini Controller Unit. Recharge the battery in accordance with section 4.1.6.
- 4.3.6. Press the “STATUS” switch for 1 second. The red TX light on the Mini Controller Unit will start blinking for approximately 5 seconds. During that time the Mini Controller Unit is requesting status from the Remote Units.
- 4.3.7. When the TX light stops flashing, the green DISARMED light will come on steady adjacent to the switches numbered “1” through “4”. A steady DISARMED light indicates that Remote Unit answered back with its status and it is disarmed. A flashing DISARMED light indicates the Mini Controller Unit did not receive the Remote Unit’s status transmission.
- 4.3.8. Select all of the Remote Units by pressing switches “1” through “4”. A yellow light will be lit in each switch to indicate the corresponding Remote Unit is selected.
- 4.3.9. Press the “ARM” switch for ½ second. The red ARMED light for each selected Remote Unit will flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel for approximately 5 seconds and then come on steady. The ARMED light for each selected Remote Unit will grow brighter and then stay on steady. The Remote Units are now armed.
- 4.3.10. Observe the Mini Controller Unit and Remote Units. After the Arm Time Period expires, the Remote Units will automatically disarm. The ARMED lights at the Mini Controller Unit and Remote Units should turn off. The DISARMED lights at the Mini Controller Unit and SAFE lights at the Remote Units should turn on.
- 4.3.11. Re-Arm the Remote Units. Before the Arm Time Period expires, press the “DISARM” switch on the Mini Controller Unit. The Mini Controller Unit's ARMED light will be turned off. The DISARMED lights at the Mini Controller Unit should blink for approximately 3 seconds and then turn on steady. The ARMED lights at the Remote Units will turn off and the Remote Units’ SAFE lights will turn on.
- 4.3.12. If firing RSTI Units, proceed to 4.3.13. Connect a test bulb assembly to the binding posts of each Electric Remote Unit. Arm the Electric Remote Units. Press the “FIRE” switch on the Mini Controller Unit. The test bulb should flash brightly. The ARMED light will turn off and the SAFE light will turn on at each Electric Remote Unit. The displayed status at the Mini Controller Unit will change from ARMED to DISARMED. Proceed to 4.3.14.
- 4.3.13. Install the firing tip into the Shock Tube Tip Jacks on the top of each RSTI. Arm the RSTI Units. Press the “FIRE” switch on the Mini Controller Unit. Observe that bright sparks should be heard and seen on each unit. The ARMED light will turn off and the SAFE light will turn on at each RSTI. The displayed status at the Mini Controller Unit will change from ARMED to DISARMED.
- 4.3.14. Turn off the Mini Controller Unit by pressing the “OFF” switch. Turn off the Remote Units by removing their Antenna Assemblies.
- 4.3.15. The RFD system is now ready to use operationally.
- 4.1. PHYSICAL INSPECTION
- 5. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
- 5.1. READY THE SYSTEM AT SITE
- 5.1.1. Remote Units. Select the number of Electric Remote Units or RSTIs required for the operation. Remove the dust cover from the antenna / battery charger connector. Install the Antenna Assembly on to the antenna / battery charger connector. This will turn on the Remote Unit. The yellow ON/LOW BATT light and green SAFE light will be turned on. The green SAFE light will be on for the first minute, whenever the Remote Unit is turned on and it is disarmed. In the disarmed state, the firing capacitor charge circuit is disabled, the firing terminals are electrically isolated from the firing capacitor, and the firing terminals are shunted to each other. If the yellow ON/LOW BATT light is flashing, the Remote Unit battery is low and should be recharged before use.
- 5.1.2. Remote Sleep Mode. After 1 minute, the display lights on the Remote Units will extinguish. During this time, the Remote unit is in a low power ‘sleep’ state to conserve battery power. Sleep Mode can only be entered if the Remote Unit is disarmed. The Remote units are quickly awakened by the Mini Controller’s radio signal when needed for use.
- 5.1.3. Open and close the vent on each Remote Unit and the Mini Controller Unit to equalize the case pressure. Unscrew the vent, one revolution, to open.
- 5.1.4. Remove the dust cover from the antenna / battery charger connector of the Mini Controller Unit. Install the Antenna Assembly on to the antenna / battery charger connector. This will enable the keypad on the Mini Controller Unit.
- 5.1.5. Turn the Mini Controller Unit on by pressing the “ON” switch for 1 second. A yellow light located in the upper left quadrant of the “ON” switch will turn on steady. If the yellow light does not turn on steady, but flashes, this indicates a low battery for the Mini Controller Unit. Recharge the battery in accordance with section 4.1.6.
- 5.1.6. Adjust the intensity of the LED display on the Mini Controller for the desired setting by repressing the ‘ON’ switch on the Mini Controller.
- 5.1.7. Press the “STATUS” switch on the Mini Controller Unit. The red TX light will flash for approximately 5 seconds. The green DISARMED light corresponding to each Remote Unit will come on steady if the Mini Controller Unit receives a status message from that Remote Unit. If the Mini Controller Unit does not receive a status message from a Remote Unit, the green DISARMED light for that Remote Unit will flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel.
- 5.1.8. Turn the Mini Controller Unit “OFF” until Remote Units are in place and wired to shoot.
- 5.2. PLACEMENT OF REMOTE UNITS
- 5.2.1. The range of the RFD is typically Error! Reference source not found. under most conditions.
- 5.2.2. Place the Remote Units with the antenna in a vertical position and free from obstruction within 100 feet (30 meters) of the shot. Use sandbags or other suitable materials to protect the Remote Units from the shot.
- 5.2.3. Ensure that all Remote Units indicate a SAFE condition (green light on steady).
- 5.2.4. If using the RSTI, proceed to Section 5.2.7. After performing standard demolition circuit checks and before placing initiator into the main charge, depress the two spring-loaded binding posts on the Electric Remote Unit.
- 5.2.5. Insert one leg of the demolition wire in each binding post and allow the binding posts to close on the wire ends.
- 5.2.6. Ensure the wire is held securely by the binding posts and that the wire ends are not touching the Electric Remote’s case or each other. Proceed to Section 5.2.8.
- 5.2.7. Install the non-electric shock tubing onto the Shock Tube Tip and mount the tip onto the RSTI according to Section 2.6. Take care to ensure no moisture or debris enter the shock tube or contact the Shock Tube Tip’s needle.
- 5.2.8. Prepare the shot and return to the safe firing area.
- 5.2.9. If all Remote Units are located within Error! Reference source not found. of the Mini Controller Unit, refer to section 5.2.11.
- 5.2.10. If all Remote Units are located more Error! Reference source not found. than from the Mini Controller Unit, refer to section 5.3.11.
- 5.2.11. If some Remote Units are located within Error! Reference source not found. of the Mini Controller Unit, and other Remote Units are more than Error! Reference source not found. from the Mini Controller Unit, refer to section 5.4.11.
- 5.3. SYSTEM OPERATION – REMOTE UNITS WITHIN ERROR! REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND. OF MINI CONTROLLER UNIT
- 5.3.1. Ensure the area is clear.
- 5.3.2. Turn the Mini Controller Unit on.
- 5.3.3. Press the “STATUS” switch. The Mini Controller Unit will request status from all Remote Units. The red TX light will flash for approximately 5 seconds. The green DISARMED light on the Mini Controller Unit display panel will come on steady for the Remote Units that the Mini Controller Unit receives a disarmed status message from.
- 5.3.4. Select the Remote Units that are to be used in the shot by pressing the corresponding numbered switches “1” through “4”. Press the numbered switches one at a time.
- 5.3.5. To arm the selected Remote Units, press the “ARM” switch. The red ARMED light next to each selected Remote Unit switch will flash for approximately 5 seconds and then come on steady. The selected Remote Units are now ARMED!
- 5.3.6. To fire the Remote Units, press the “FIRE” switch and hold for 1 second. The operator should get an indication of shot initiation. The ARMED light will go out and the green DISARMED light for each selected Remote Unit will come on steady on the Mini Controller Unit display panel.
- 5.3.7. If not all the Remote Units were selected for the shot, repeat above steps to initiate the remaining shots.
- 5.3.8. To disarm any Remote Units that have been armed, select the Remote Units and press the “DISARM” switch. All selected Remote Units will return to the DISARMED mode in approximately 3 seconds.
- 5.3.9. Turn off the Mini Controller Unit.
- 5.3.10. Recover the fielded Remote Units.
- 5.3.11. Refer to Post Operational Procedures in chapter 5.5.14.
- 5.4. SYSTEM OPERATION – REMOTE UNITS MORE THAN ERROR! REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND. FROM MINI CONTROLLER UNIT
- 5.4.1. Ensure the area is clear.
- 5.4.2. Turn the Mini Controller Unit on.
- 5.4.3. Press the “STATUS” switch. The Mini Controller Unit will request status from all Remote Units. The red TX light will flash for approximately 5 seconds. The green DISARMED light on the Mini Controller Unit display panel will flash for all Remote Units that the Mini Controller Unit does not receive a status message from.
- 5.4.4. Select the Remote Units that are to be used in the shot by pressing the corresponding numbered switches “1” through “4”. Press the numbered switches one at a time.
- 5.4.5. To arm the selected Remote Units, press the “ARM” switch. The red ARMED light next to each selected Remote Unit switch will flash for 5 seconds, then come on steady for two seconds, and then continue to flash. The selected Remote Units are now assumed to be ARMED!
- 5.4.6. To fire the Remote Units, press the “FIRE” switch. The operator should get an indication of shot initiation. The ARMED light will go out and the green DISARMED light for each selected Remote Unit will flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel.
- 5.4.7. If not all the Remote Units were selected for the shot, repeat above steps to initiate the remaining shots.
- 5.4.8. To disarm any Remote Units that have been armed, select the Remote Units and press the “DISARM” switch. All selected Remote Units will return to the DISARMED mode in approximately 3 seconds.
- 5.4.9. Turn off the Mini Controller Unit.
- 5.4.10. Recover the fielded Remote Units.
- 5.4.11. Refer to Post Operational Procedures in chapter 5.5.14.
- 5.5. SYSTEM OPERATION – REMOTE UNITS BOTH WITHIN AND IN EXCESS OF ERROR! REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND. AND LESS THAN ERROR! REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND. FROM MINI CONTROLLER UNIT
- 5.5.1. The RFD will operate in a two-way mode (confirmed communications – range to Error! Reference source not found.) and one-way mode (unconfirmed communications – range greater than Error! Reference source not found.).
- 5.5.2. If the Remotes are within Error! Reference source not found. of the Mini Controller Unit, the status of the Remote Units (ON/LOW BATT, ARMED, and SAFE) will be displayed with steady lights on the display panel of the Mini Controller Unit.
- 5.5.3. If one or more Remote Units are out of range of the Mini Controller Unit, the status of these Remote Units will be assumed and their status lights will flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel to indicate unconfirmed status. Accordingly the operator must assume the following:
- Commands have been received by the Remote Units.
- The Remote Unit battery is sufficiently charged to activate the firing circuit.
- A DISARM command should not be assumed.
- 5.5.4. Ensure the area is clear.
- 5.5.5. Turn the Mini Controller Unit on.
- 5.5.6. Press the “STATUS” switch. The Mini Controller Unit will request status from all Remote Units. The red TX light will flash for approximately 5 seconds. The green DISARMED light on the Mini Controller Unit display panel will flash for all the Remote Units that the Mini Controller Unit does not receive a status message from.
- 5.5.7. Select the Remote Units that are to be used in the shot by pressing the corresponding numbered switches “1” through “4”. Press the numbered switches one at a time.
- 5.5.8. To arm the selected Remote Units, press the “ARM” switch. The red ARMED light next to each selected Remote Unit switch will flash for 5 seconds, and then come on steady for two seconds. ARMED lights for selected Remote Units that the Mini Controller Unit did not receive a status message from will begin to flash again. The selected Remote Units are now assumed to be ARMED! For unconfirmed communications, count to 5 from when the "ARM" switch is pressed and assume the Remote Units are armed.
- 5.5.9. To fire the Remote Units, press the “FIRE” switch. The operator should get an indication of shot initiation. The ARMED light will go out and the green DISARMED light for each selected Remote Unit will flash on the Mini Controller Unit display panel.
- 5.5.10. If not all the Remote Units were selected for the shot, repeat above steps to initiate the remaining shots.
- 5.5.11. To disarm any Remote Units that have been armed, select Remote Units and press the “DISARM” switch. All selected Remote Units will return to the DISARMED mode in approximately 3 seconds.
- 5.5.12. Turn off the Mini Controller Unit.
- 5.5.13. Recover the fielded Remote Units.
- 5.5.14. Refer to Post Operational Procedures in chapter 5.5.14.
- 5.1. READY THE SYSTEM AT SITE
- 6. POST OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
- 6.1. SECURING THE SYSTEM
- 6.1.1. Turn the Mini Controller Unit off and remove the Antenna Assembly. This action disables the Mini Controller Unit.
- 6.1.2. Replace the dust cover on the antenna / battery charger connector on the Mini Controller Unit and replace the plastic cap on the Antenna Assembly.
- 6.1.3. Remove the Antenna Assemblies from the Remote Units. This action turns off the Remote Units.
- 6.1.4. Replace the dust cover on the antenna / battery charger connector on the Remote Units and replace the plastic cap on the Antenna Assembly.
- 6.2. PHYSICAL INSPECTION
- 6.2.1. Inspect the Mini Controller Unit and Remote Units for physical damage.
- 6.2.2. Inspect the units for dirt or corrosion around/on connector pins and vent.
- 6.2.3. Replace any unit found to have damage. Return unit to manufacturer.
- 6.2.4. Clean units using a soft bristle brush.
- 6.2.5. If a unit cannot be cleaned by brushing, make sure the vent is closed securely and wash units in warm soapy water.
- 6.2.6. Rinse units with clean water and dry thoroughly.
- 6.2.7. Inspect units for damage. Replace as necessary.
- 6.3. PACKAGING
- 6.4. MAINTENANCE & EQUIPMENT STORAGE
- 6.1. SECURING THE SYSTEM
- 7. BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING IN THE FIELD
- 7.1. REMOTE UNITS
- 7.2. MINI CONTROLLER UNIT
- 7.2.1. ON Light does not stay on.
- 7.2.2. Command receipt is not confirmed by Remote Unit.
- a) Remote Unit is more than Error! Reference source not found. from Mini Controller Unit.
- b) If the Remote Unit is less than Error! Reference source not found. away from the Mini Controller Unit.
- Check for damage to Mini Controller Unit Antenna Assembly.
- Try a different Antenna Assembly on the Mini Controller Unit.
- Move at least 25 feet in any direction and try again.
- Reposition the Remote Unit if:
- The antenna is not positioned vertically.
- The antenna is next to another radio antenna.
- The antenna is surrounded by metallic objects.
- Use optional magnetic mount antenna for improved gain. This antenna is available by special order only.
- 7.3. REMOTE SHOCK TUBE INITIATOR
- 8. OPTIMIZING RANGE
- 8.1.1. When power lines are in the area, the radio transmission distance is reduced. The system can operate at the following distance, when the Mini Controller Unit is elevated to a maximum transmission location angle to the Remote Unit location (see Figure 81).
- 8.1.2. If the Mini Controller Unit and Remote Unit must be placed in a position other than location in Figure 81, use Figure 82 or Figure 83. The minimum transmission will occur when the Mini Controller Unit antenna and the Remote Unit antenna are placed in the line of site. The maximum transmission occurs when the line of site lays in a path of 5 to 25 degrees above unit top plane perpendicular to the antenna. Both the Mini Controller Unit antenna and the Remote Unit antenna have the same radiant energy pattern as shown in Figure 84.
- 9. TEST BOX
- 10. RFD PROGRAMMING GUIDE
- 10.1. PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS
- 10.2. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
- 10.3. WINDOWS CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE OPERATION (SETUP RFD)
- 10.4. SETUP RFD INSTALLATION
- 10.5. CONFIGURING SETUP RFD
- 10.6. USING SETUP RFD TO TEST RFD UNITS
- 10.7. USING SETUP RFD TO PROGRAM RFD UNITS
- 10.7.1. Changing the System Address
- 10.7.2. Changing the Unit Number
- 10.7.3. Changing the Frequency
- 10.7.4. End of Programming
- When programming has been completed, perform a “Read” operation and confirm all of the fields are entered as intended.
- Press the “Verify” button. This causes the unit to verify the integrity of all the data stored in the unit’s memory. Reprogram any fields that fail and re-verify.
- When all the changes are confirmed and verified, test the system by following the Bench Test Procedure in Section 4.3.
- 11. BATTERY MAINTENANCE
3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
3.1. RADIO
CARRIER
FREQUENCY
150 - 174 MHz OPERATING
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
-30ºC to 60ºC
-22ºF to 140ºF
-26ºC to 60ºC (RSTI)
-15ºF to 140ºF (RSTI)
FCC Certified <freq. diff. 800 HZ (±400)
MINI CONTROLLER
UNIT & TEST BOX
ELECTRIC
REMOTE & RSTI
FREQUENCY
STABILITY
±2.5PPM OR
(0.000025%)
FREQUENCY
STABILITY
±2.5PPM OR
(0.000025%)
MODULATION 11K2F3D (AFSK) MODULATION 11K2F3D (AFSK)
TRANSMIT
POWER
2-5 Watts (Mini
Controller)
1 Watt (Test Box)
TRANSMIT
POWER
2 Watts (Electric
Remote)
2-5 Watts (RSTI)
OPERATING
POWER
7.2 VDC OPERATING
POWER
7.2 VDC
TRANSMISSION
RANGE (LOS)
5-12 Miles*
3 feet (Test Box)
TRANSMISSION
RANGE (LOS)
1-12 miles*
RECEIVER
SENSITIVITY
12 dB Sinad at
0.28uV
RECEIVER
SENSITIVITY
12 dB Sinad at
0.28uV
(*) Range is specified as line-of sight. The typical transmission range is based on
transmitter power, antenna gain, frequency used, local geography, and local radio
interference.
1678 RFD OPERATION MANUAL {DRAFT}
28