+ CompTIA A COMPLETE ® Guide to PCs SIXTH EDITION CHERYL A.
Complete CompTIA® A+ Guide to PCs, Sixth Edition Associate Publisher Dave Dusthimer Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.
Contents at a Glance Introduction ..............................................................................................................................xxiv Features of This Book ........................................................................................................ xxvi Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Repair ..................................................................1 Chapter 2: On the Motherboard ..........................................................................
Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. xxiv Features of This Book ...................................................................................................................... xxvi Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Repair ........................................................................... 1 Overview ...................................................................
Contents AMD Processors ............................................................................................................................ 49 Speeding Up Processor Operations Overview ........................................................................ 50 Cache ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Clocking ................................................................................
vi Contents Memory Addresses...................................................................................................................... 108 Adapter Configuration............................................................................................................... 109 Soft Skills—A Good Technician Quality: One Thing at a Time ..................................... 109 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................................
Contents Electrical Fires ............................................................................................................................ 161 Computer Disposal/Recycling ................................................................................................. 162 Soft Skills—Written Communications Skills ...................................................................... 162 Chapter Summary ..............................................................................................
viii Contents Installing Memory Overview .................................................................................................... 218 Removing/Installing Memory .................................................................................................. 218 Adding More Cache/RAM ......................................................................................................... 220 Windows Disk Caching...................................................................................
Contents SCSI ID Configuration and Termination ............................................................................. 276 SCSI Cables .................................................................................................................................. 279 SAS Installation .......................................................................................................................... 280 Mobile Device Storage ......................................................................
x Contents Installing Sound Cards.............................................................................................................. 347 Sound Cards Using Windows................................................................................................... 348 Mobile Device Sound ................................................................................................................. 349 Speakers .......................................................................................
Contents Wireless Printers ........................................................................................................................ 406 Categories of Printers................................................................................................................ 406 Impact Printers ........................................................................................................................... 407 Inkjet Printers .............................................................
xii Contents Chapter Summary ...................................................................................................................... 463 Key Terms .................................................................................................................................... 464 Review Questions ....................................................................................................................... 464 Exercises .............................................................
Contents Lab 11.10 Modifying the Windows XP Start Button .......................................... 551 Lab 11.11 Modifying the Windows Vista/7 Start Button ................................... 553 Lab 11.12 Basic Commands at a Command Prompt ........................................ 555 Lab 11.13 The COPY, MD, DEL, and RD Commands................................................ 558 Lab 11.14 The ATTRIB Command and Moving Around in the Directory Structure ......................................................
xiv Contents Shutdown Problems .................................................................................................................. 624 Monitoring System Performance ........................................................................................... 624 Supporting Windows Computers Remotely ......................................................................... 630 Preventive Maintenance for Your Operating System.........................................................
Contents Lab 12.33 Performance and Reliability in Windows 7 ....................................... 685 Lab 12.34 Installing and Using Remote Desktop in Windows XP ................................................................................................................. 686 Lab 12.35 Windows 7 Remote Desktop ................................................................. 688 Lab 12.36 Windows 7 Task Scheduler .................................................................. 689 Activities ........
xvi Contents The TCP/IP Model...................................................................................................................... 745 Network Addressing ................................................................................................................... 746 IP Addressing .............................................................................................................................. 748 Subnetting Basics..........................................................
Contents Chapter 15: Computer and Network Security .................................................................... 811 Security Overview....................................................................................................................... 812 Security Policy ............................................................................................................................ 812 Physical Security ....................................................................................
About the Author Cheryl Schmidt is a professor of Network Engineering Technology at Florida State College at Jacksonville. Prior to joining the faculty ranks, she oversaw the LAN and PC support for the college and other organizations. She started her career as an electronics technician in the U.S. Navy. She teaches computer repair and various networking topics, including CCNA, CCNP, VoIP, QoS, and wireless technologies.
Dedication A Note to Instructors I was a teacher long before I had the title professor. Sharing what I know has always been as natural as walking to me, but sitting still to write what I know is not as natural, so composing this text has always been one of my greatest challenges. Thank you so much for choosing this text. I thank you for sharing your knowledge and experience with your students. Your dedication to education is what makes the student experience so valuable.
We Want to Hear from You! As the reader of this book, you are our most important critic and commentator. We value your opinion and want to know what we’re doing right, what we could do better, what areas you’d like to see us publish in, and any other words of wisdom you’re willing to pass our way. We welcome your comments. You can email or write to let us know what you did or didn’t like about this book—as well as what we can do to make our books better.
It Pays to Get Certified In a digital world, digital literacy is an essential survival skill. Certification proves you have the knowledge and skill to solve business problems in virtually any business environment. Certifications are highly-valued credentials that qualify you for jobs, increased compensation and promotion. Certification Advances Your Career Q The CompTIA A+ credential—provides foundation-level knowledge and skills necessary for a career in PC repair and support.
CompTIA Career Pathway CompTIA offers a number of credentials that form a foundation for your career in technology and allows you to pursue specific areas of concentration. Depending on the path you choose to take, CompTIA certifications help you build upon your skills and knowledge, supporting learning throughout your entire career.
Join the Professional Community Join IT Pro Community http://itpro.comptia.org The free IT Pro online community provides valuable content to students and professionals.
Introduction Complete CompTIA A+ Guide to PCs, Sixth Edition, is intended for one or more courses geared toward CompTIA A+ Certification and Computer Repair. It covers all the material needed for the CompTIA A+ 220-801 and 220-802 exams. The book is written so that it is easy to read and understand, with concepts presented in building-block fashion. The book focuses on hardware, software, mobile devices, virtualization, basic networking, and security.
Organization of the Text • Chapter 3 deals with system configuration basics. BIOS options, UEFI BIOS, and system resources are key topics. The soft skills section covers how one thing at a time should be done when replacing components. • Chapter 4 steps the student through how to disassemble and reassemble a computer. Laptop disassembly is also covered. Tools, ESD, EMI, and preventive maintenance are discussed. Subsequent chapters also include preventive maintenance topics.
xxvi Features of This Book Features of This Book The following key features of the book are designed to enable a better learning experience.
Features of This Book TECH TIPS The chapters are filled with Tech Tips that highlight technical issues and certification exam topics KEY TERMS IN CONTEXT As you read the chapter, terms that appear in blue are considered key terms and are defined in the glossary KEY TERMS LIST At the end of the chapter, all key terms are listed with page references to which to refer for context xxvii
xxviii Features of This Book SOFT SKILLS Technology is not the only thing you must learn and practice; each chapter offers advice, activities, and examples of how to be a good tech, an ethical tech, a good work mate, a good communicator, and so on CHAPTER SUMMARY Recap the key concepts of the chapter, and use this for review to ensure you’ve mastered the chapter’s learning objectives
Features of This Book REVIEW QUESTIONS Hundreds of review questions, including true/false, multiple choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and open-ended questions, assess your knowledge of the learning LAB EXERCISES More than 125 labs enable you to link theory to practical experience xxix
xxx Features of This Book ACTIVITIES Extensive practice with Internet Discovery, Soft Skills, and Critical Thinking Skills round out your technical knowledge so that you can be prepared for IT work
CompTIA A+ Exam Objectives EXAM TIPS Read through these tips on the CompTIA A+ exams so you aren’t caught off guard when you sit for the exam CompTIA A+ Exam Objectives Tables I-1 and I-2 summarize where you can find all the CompTIA A+ exam objectives covered in the book. Table I-1 CompTIA A+ 220-801 exam objectives Objective Chapters 220-801 1.0 PC Hardware 1.1 Configure and apply BIOS settings. 3, 7, 8, 15 1.2 Differentiate between motherboard components, their purposes, and properties.
xxxii CompTIA Exam Objectives Objective Chapters 220-801 2.0 Networking 2.1 Identify types of network cables and connectors. 14 2.2 Categorize characteristics of connectors and cabling. 14 2.3 Explain properties and characteristics of TCP/IP. 14 2.4 Explain common TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purpose. 14 2.5 Compare and contrast wireless networking standards and encryption types. 14, 15 2.6 Install, configure, and deploy a SOHO wireless/wired router using appropriate settings.
CompTIA A+ Exam Objectives Table I-2 CompTIA A+ 220-802 Exam Objectives Objective Chapters 220-802 1.0 Operating Systems 1.1 Compare and contrast the features and requirements of various Microsoft operating systems. 6, 11, 12, 15 1.2 Given a scenario, install and configure the operating system using the most appropriate method. 7, 11, 12, 14 1.3 Given a scenario, use appropriate command line tools. 11, 12, 14 1.4 Given a scenario, use appropriate operating system features and tools.
xxxiv CompTIA Exam Objectives Objective Chapters 220-802 4.3 Given a scenario, troubleshoot hard drives and RAID arrays with appropriate tools. 7 4.4 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common video and display issues. 9 4.5 Given a scenario, troubleshoot wired and wireless networks with appropriate tools. 13, 14 4.6 Given a scenario, troubleshoot operating system problems with appropriate tools. 6, 7, 11, 12 4.
chapter 4 Disassembly and Power Chapter Objectives: In this chapter you will learn: ● How to prevent static electricity, RFI, and EMI from harming or interfering with a computer ● The tools needed to work on computers ● How to take apart a computer and put it back together ● How to perform basic voltage and continuity checks ● How to upgrade or replace a power supply ● Different power-saving techniques ● What type of power devices can be used to protect computers ● Tips for good written com
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 120 Disassembly Overview It is seldom necessary to completely disassemble a computer. However, when a technician is first learning about PCs, disassembly can be both informative and fun. Technicians might disassemble parts of a computer to perform preventive cleaning or to troubleshoot a problem. It may also be appropriate to disassemble a computer when it has a problem of undetermined cause.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) 121 Adjustable wrist strap Alligator clip Figure 4.1 Antistatic wrist strap 4 Antistatic bags are good for storing spare adapters and motherboards when the parts are not in use. However, antistatic bags lose their effectiveness after a few years. Antistatic mats are available to place underneath a computer being repaired; such a mat may have a snap for connecting the antistatic wrist strap. Antistatic heel straps are also available.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 122 computer is a good idea. A power supply provides a small amount of power to the motherboard even when the computer is powered off. Always unplug the computer and use an antistatic wrist strap when removing or replacing parts inside a computer! EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) EMI (electromagnetic interference, sometimes called EMR, for electromagnetic radiation) is noise caused by electrical devices.
Tools 123 Many technicians do not go on a repair call with a full tool case. Ninety-five percent of all repairs are completed with the following basic tools: • Small and medium flat-tipped screwdrivers • #0, #1, and #2 Phillips screwdrivers • 1/4- and 3/16-inch hex nut drivers • Small diagonal cutters • Needlenose pliers Screwdrivers take care of most disassemblies and Do not use magnetized screwdrivers reassemblies.
124 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power • AC circuit tester • Right-angled, flat-tipped, and Phillips screwdrivers • Hemostats • Pliers • Optical laser cleaning kit • Nonstatic vacuum or toner vacuum • Disposable gloves • Small plastic scribe • T8, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Torx (star) screwdriver You could get some nice muscle tone from carrying all these nice-to-have but normally unnecessary tools. When starting out in computer repair, get the basics.
Cables and Connectors 125 Figure 4.3 Both cable ends are the same 4 Each cable has a certain number of pins, and all cables have a pin 1. Pin 1 on a cable connects to pin 1 on a connector. In the event that the pin 1 is not easily identified, both ends of the cable should be labeled with either a 1 or 2 on one side or a higher number, such as 24, 25, 49, 50, and so on, on the other end. Pins 1 and 2 are always on the same end of a cable.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 126 Arrow shows pin 1 on the cable Figure 4.5 Stripe shows pin 1 on the cable Arrow shows pin 1 on the cable Pin 1 on a ribbon cable Just as every cable has a pin 1, all connectors on devices, adapters, or motherboards have a pin 1. Pin 1 on a cable inserts into pin 1 on a connector. Cables are normally keyed so that they insert only one way.
Cables and Connectors 127 Figure 4.7 Motherboard connectors for narrow cables Pin 1 4 Disassembly and Power Notched connectors Figure 4.8 Three motherboard connectors Some manufacturers do not put any markings on the cable connector; even so, there is a way to determine which way to connect the cable. Remove the adapter, motherboard, or device from the computer. Look where the connector solders or connects to the motherboard or adapter. Turn over the adapter.
128 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power On the back of the adapter, the square solder joint is pin 1 Pin 1 of cable connects to pin 1 on the adapter’s connector Figure 4.9 Pin 1 on a connector Specific cables connect a motherboard to lights, ports, or buttons on the front panel. These include the power button, a reset button, USB ports, IEEE 1394 ports, a microphone port, a headphone port, speakers, fans, the hard drive usage light, and the power light, to name a few.
Motherboards 129 Motherboards Chapter 2 covered motherboard replacement extensively, and here we discuss issues related to building a computer from scratch or disassembling a computer: I/O shield, standoffs, and retaining clips. Some cases include a standard I/O panel shield that may need to be removed to install the I/O shield that comes with some motherboards. The I/O shield is a part what allows for optimum air flow and grounding for the motherboard ports.
130 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Some motherboards not only have screws that attach them to the metal standoffs but one or more retaining clips. A retaining clip might need to be pressed down, lifted up, or bent upward in order to slide the motherboard out of the case. The case might contain one or more notches and require the motherboard to be slid in a particular direction (usually in the direction going away from the back I/O ports) before being lifted from the case.
Mobile Device Issues 131 Figure 4.14 Scribe used to remove a laptop plastic piece Laptop/netbook speakers commonly mount above or to the side of the keyboard. The keyboard usually has to be removed to reach the speakers. Sometimes, speaker cables run alongside the keyboard and must be pried out of the case. The DC power plug commonly has a similar cable, as shown in Figure 4.15. DC plug Internal power cord 4 Disassembly and Power Figure 4.
132 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Reassembly Reassembling a computer is easy if the technician is careful and properly diagrams the disassembly. Simple tasks such as inserting the optical drive in the correct drive bay become confusing after many parts have been removed. Writing down reminders takes less time than having to troubleshoot the computer because of poor reassembly. Reinsert all components into their proper place; be careful to replace all screws and parts.
Preventive Maintenance Be careful when cleaning LCD monitors and laptop displays Use one of the following to clean LCD monitors and laptop displays: (1) wipes specifically designed for LCDs or (2) a soft lint-free cloth dampened with either water or a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water. Never put liquid directly on the display and ensure that the display is dry before closing the laptop. 133 Tech Tip Denatured alcohol is used on rubber rollers, such as those found inside printers.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 134 Basic Electronics Overview A technician needs to know a few basic electronic terms and concepts when testing components. The best place to start is with electricity. There are two types of electricity: AC and DC. The electricity provided by a wall outlet is AC (alternating current), and the type of electricity used by computer components is DC (direct current). Devices such as radios, TVs, and toasters use AC power.
Electronics Terms 135 The reading on the meter could be the opposite of what it should be if the meter’s leads are reversed. Since electrons flow from one area where there are many of them (negative polarity) to an area where there are few electrons (positive polarity), polarity shows which way an electric current will flow. Polarity is the condition of being positive or negative with respect to some reference point. Polarity is not important when measuring AC. Figure 4.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 136 one end of a wire to the other, it should show no resistance. If the wire has a break in it, the meter shows infinite resistance. Figure 4.18 shows examples of a good wire reading and a broken wire reading. Tech Tip Always unplug a computer before working inside it The power supply provides power to the motherboard, even if the computer is powered off. Leaving the power cord attached can cause damage when replacing components such as the processor or RAM.
Power Supply Overview Use the right fuse or lose Never replace a fuse with one that has a higher amperage rating. You could destroy electronic circuits or cause a fire by allowing too much current to be passed by the fuse, defeating the fuse’s purpose. 137 Tech Tip Take a fuse out of the circuit before testing it. A good fuse has a meter reading of 0 ohms (or close to that reading). A blown fuse shows a meter reading of infinite ohms. Refer to the section on resistance and Figure 4.18.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 138 Power Supply Form Factors Just as motherboards come in different shapes and sizes, so do power supplies. Today’s power supply form factors are ATX, ATX12V v1.x, ATX12V v2.x, and micro-ATX.
Power Supply Form Factors 139 Figure 4.19 shows a few ATX power supply connectors. Figure 4.20 shows more ATX power supply connectors. 4-pin CPU power connector Figure 4.19 SATA power connector 6-pin PCIe power connector Common power supply connectors Not all 24-pin motherboard connectors accept 20-pin power supply connectors You can purchase a 24-pin to 20-pin power adapter. The site http://www.formfactors.org provides information regarding power supply form factors.
140 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Pin 1 20-pin power connector from power supply Pin 13 +3.3v +3.3v +3.3v –12v GND GND +5v 24-pin motherboard power connector PS_ON# GND GND +5v GND GND GND PWR_OK –5v +5vsb +5v +12v +5v +12v +5v +3.3v GND Pin 12 Pin 24 Figure 4.21 ATX 24- and 20-pin motherboard connectivity A high-quality power supply delays sending the power good signal until all of the power supply’s voltages have a chance to stabilize.
Purposes of a Power Supply Power converters and Y connectors are good to have in your tool kit In case a service call involves adding a new device, having various power converters available as part of your tool kit is smart. 141 Tech Tip Figure 4.23 Y Molex connector Purposes of a Power Supply The power from a wall outlet is high-voltage AC. The type of power computers need is lowvoltage DC.
142 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Figure 4.24 Front panel connections to a motherboard Figure 4.25 Another view of front panel connections Another purpose of a power supply is to distribute proper DC voltage to each component. Several cables with connectors come out of the power supply. With ATX motherboards, there is only a 20- or 24-pin connector used to connect power to the motherboard. The power connector inserts only one way into the motherboard connector. Figure 4.
Power Supply Voltages Figure 4.26 143 Installing an ATX power connector on a motherboard Another purpose for a power supply is to provide cooling for the computer. The power supply’s fan circulates air throughout the computer. Most computer cases have air vents on one side, on both sides, or in the rear of the computer. The ATX-style power supply blows air inside the case instead of out the back. This is known as reverse flow cooling. The air blows over the processor and memory to keep them cool.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 144 the device motors found in drives, the CPU, internal cooling fans, and the graphics card. Drives are now being made that use +5V motors. Chips use +5 volts and +3.3 volts. The +3.3 volts are also used for memory, AGP/PCI/PCIe adapters, and some laptop fans. The negative voltages are seldom used. A technician must occasionally check voltages in a system.
Mobile Device Power 145 Figure 4.27 Netbook battery NiCad (nickel cadmium) batteries originally used in laptops were replaced with lighter and more powerful NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) batteries. These batteries were replaced with Li-ion (lithium-ion) batteries, which are very light and can hold a charge longer than any other type. They are also more expensive. Mobile phones, tablets, portable media players, and digital Do not power on after a temperature cameras also use Li-ion batteries.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 146 Tech Tip Keep Li-ion batteries cool Li-ion batteries last longer if they are kept cool (not frozen). When you store an Li-ion battery, the battery should be only 40 percent charged and placed in a refrigerator to prolong its life. Mobile devices rely on their batteries to provide the mobility. The following tips can help you get more time out of your batteries: • Most people do not need a spare Li-ion battery.
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) All power supplies are not created equal A technician needs to replace a power supply with one that provides an equal or greater amount of power. Search the Internet for power supply reviews. A general rule of thumb is that if two power supplies are equal in wattage, the heavier one is better because it uses a bigger transformer, bigger heat sinks, and more quality components.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 148 Table 4.3 ACPI operating states Global system state Sleep state Description G0 Working (S0) The computer is fully functional. Software, such as the autosave function used with Microsoft products, can be optimized for performance or lower battery usage. G1 Sleeping G2 Requires less power than the G0 state and has multiple sleeping states: S1, S2, S3, and S4. (S1) CPU is still powered, and unused devices are powered down. RAM is still being refreshed.
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) 149 Setting Description Soft-off Specifies the length of time a user must press the power button to turn off the computer. Deep S4/S5 Uses less power and only wakes from S4/S5 states with the power button or a RTC (real time clock) alarm, such as waking the computer to complete a task. Power on by Ring, Resume by Ring, or Wakeup Allows the computer to wake when an adapter or an external device supports Wake on Ring.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 150 Tech Tip Power values for energy-efficient monitors Always keep the screen saver timeout value shorter than the power saver timeout value, especially with green (energy-efficient) monitors! To see if the screen saver causes a problem, use the Display Control Panel and set the screen saver option to None. Identifying a problem adapter, device, or driver will take Internet research. Check each adapter, device, and driver one by one.
Replacing or Upgrading a Power Supply 151 Replacing or Upgrading a Power Supply Power supplies are rated in watts. Today’s typical computers have power supplies with ratings ranging from 250 to 500 watts, although powerful computers, such as network servers or higher-end gaming systems, can have power supplies rated 600 watts or higher. Each device inside a computer uses a certain amount of power, and the power supply must provide enough to run all the Watch the wattage devices.
152 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Table 4.
Solving Power Supply Problems 153 • The computer sounds a continuous beep. (This could also be a bad motherboard or a stuck key on the keyboard.) • When the computer powers on, it does not beep at all. (This could also be a bad motherboard.) • When the computer powers on, it sounds repeating short beeps. (This could also be a bad motherboard.) • During POST, a 02X or parity POST error code appears (where X is any number); one of the POST checks is a power good signal from the power supply; a 021, 022, . .
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 154 • Is a surge strip used? If so, check to see if the surge strip is powered on, then try a different outlet in the surge strip, or replace the surge strip. • Is the computer’s power cord okay? Verify that the power cord plugs snugly into the outlet and into the back of the computer. Swap the power cord to verify that it is functioning.
Surge Protectors 155 When the voltage falls below 110 volts AC, an undervoltage condition exists. If the voltage is too low, a computer power supply cannot provide enough power to all the components. Under these conditions, the power supply draws too much current, causing it to overheat, weakening or damaging the components. An undervoltage condition is known as a brownout or sag. Table 4.7 explains these power terms. Table 4.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 156 Figure 4.31 Surge protector Most surge protectors have an electronic component called an MOV (metal oxide varistor), which protects the computer or device that plugs into one of the outlets on the surge strip. An MOV is positioned between the AC coming in and the outlet into which devices are plugged. When a surge occurs, the MOV prevents the extra voltage from passing to the outlets. An MOV, however, Do not create a trip hazard with a surge has some drawbacks.
Line Conditioners Feature Explanation Energy absorption/ dissipation The greater the number of joules (a unit of energy) that can be dissipated, the more effective and durable a surge protector is. This feature is sometimes called energy absorption. A surge protector rating of 630 joules is more effective than a rating of 210 joules. TVS (transient voltage suppressing) rating This is also known as response time. The lower the rating the better.
Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 158 Figure 4.32 Line conditioner Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) A UPS (uninterruptible power supply), sometimes called an online (or true) UPS or a line interactive UPS, provides power to a computer or other device for a limited amount of time when there is a power outage. A UPS provides enough time to save work and safely shut down the computer.
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) 159 To install a UPS, perform the following steps: 1. Connect the UPS to a wall outlet and power it on. When a UPS is first plugged in, the battery is not charged. See the UPS manufacturer’s installation manual for the specific time it will take to charge. 2. Power off the UPS. 3. Attach device power cords, such as the PC, to the UPS. Ensure that the UPS is rated to supply power to the number and type of connected devices. 4. Power on the UPS.
160 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Standby Power Supply (SPS) A device similar to a UPS is an SPS (standby power supply). An SPS contains a battery like the UPS, but the battery provides power to the computer only when it loses AC power. It does not provide constant power, like the UPS. An SPS is not as effective as a UPS because the SPS must detect a power-out condition first and then switch over to the battery to supply power to the computer. As a result, SPS switching time is important.
Electrical Fires 161 Phone Line Isolator Just like AC power outlets, phone outlets can experience power fluctuations. A power surge can enter a computer through a modem, a device used to connect a computer to a phone line. Not only can a modem be damaged by a power surge on the phone line, but other electronics inside the computer, such as the motherboard, can be damaged. A phone line isolator, sometimes called a modem isolator, can be purchased at an electronics store.
162 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Computer Disposal/Recycling Computers and other electronic devices can contain materials such as beryllium, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. The levels of these materials are increasing dramatically every year in landfills and can pose a threat to our environment. Plastics that are part of computers are hard to isolate and recycle.
Soft Skills—Written Communications Skills 4 Disassembly and Power Regardless of the size of a company, documentation is normally required. The documentation may only be the number of hours spent on a job and a basic description of what was done, but most companies require a bit more. Documentation should be written so others can read and understand it. Keep in mind that if another technician must handle another problem from the same customer, it saves time and money to have good documentation.
164 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Chapter Summary • Wearing a wrist strap or staying in contact with unpainted metal keeps you and the computing device at the same electrical potential so you won’t induce current into any part and weaken/damage it. • EMI and RFI cause issues. Move the computer or the offending device and replace all slot covers/openings. • When removing parts, have the right tools, lighting, antistatic items, and ample work space. Take notes. Don’t use magnetized tools.
Review Questions 165 • Ensure that a surge protector has a Class A rating and adheres to the UL 1449 standard. • Ensure that a UPS outputs a sine wave from the battery and can output enough power for attached devices. • Have a Type C or Type A-B-C fire extinguisher around in case of fire. • In all communications and written documentation, be professional and effective. Use proper capitalization, grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Key Terms AC .................................. 134 AC circuit tester ....
166 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 4. Which of the following can prolong the life of a computer and conserve resources? (Select all that apply.) a. a preventive maintenance plan b. antistatic mats and pads c. upgraded power supply d. a power plan e. using a Li-ion battery as a replacement f. extra case fans 5. Which power component has a 20- or 24-pin connector? a. ATX power supply b. UPS c. line conditioner d. SPS e. surge protector 6.
Review Questions 167 12. A computer will not power on. Which of the following would be used to check the wall outlet? [ power supply tester | UPS | multimeter | POST ] 13. A computer will not power on. After checking the wall outlet and swapping the power cord, what would the technician use next? a. power supply tester b. UPS c. antistatic wrist strap d. magnetic screw driver e. nonmagnetic screw driver 14. Which of the following is affected by the power supply wattage rating? a.
168 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 18. List three recommendations for good technical written communication. 19. What type of fire extinguisher can be used on electronic equipment? 20. List three recommendations for saving power on a laptop. Exercises Lab 4.
Exercises 169 Should you use an antistatic wrist strap when working inside a monitor? Instructor initials: _____________ Lab 4.2 Computer Disassembly/Reassembly Objective: To disassemble and reassemble a computer correctly Parts: A computer to disassemble A tool kit An antistatic wrist strap (if possible) Note: Observe proper ESD handling procedures when disassembling and reassembling a computer. Procedure: Complete the following procedure and answer the accompanying questions. 1.
170 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Internal Cable Removal 10. Remove all internal cables. WARNING: Do not pull on a cable; use the pull tab, if available, or use the cable connector to pull out the cable. Some cables have connectors with locking tabs. Release the locking tabs before you disconnect the cable. Make appropriate notes regarding the cable connections. Some students find that labeling cables and the associated connectors makes reassembly easier, but good notes usually suffice.
Exercises 171 Motherboard 22. Make note of any motherboard switches or jumpers and indicate whether the switch position is on or off. What is the importance of documenting switches and jumpers on the motherboard? 23. Remove any remaining connectors except those that connect a battery to the motherboard. Take appropriate notes. 24. Remove any screws that hold the motherboard to the case. Place these screws in a different location from the other screws removed from the system.
172 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Lab 4.3 Amps and Wattage Objective: To determine the correct capacity and wattage of a power supply Parts: Power supply Internet access (as needed) Procedure: Complete the following procedure and answer the accompanying questions. 1. Locate the documentation stenciled on the power supply, if possible. Can you determine from the documentation how many amps of current the power supply is rated for at 5 volts? If not, proceed to Optional Step 2. 2.
Exercises 173 Lab 4.5 Pin-Out Diagramming To draw a pin-out diagram using a working cable Multimeter Good cable Procedure: Complete the following procedure and perform the accompanying activities. 1. Obtain a meter and a good cable from your instructor. 2. Set the meter to ohms. Instructor initials: _____________ 3. Power on the meter. 4. Lay the cable horizontally in front of you. The connector on the left is referred to as Connector A. The connector on the right is referred to as Connector B. 5.
174 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 6. Power off the meter. Instructor initials: _____________ 7. Return all supplies to the instructor. Lab 4.6 Fuse Check Objective: To determine if a fuse is good Parts: Multimeter Fuse Procedure: Complete the following procedure and answer the accompanying questions. 1. Obtain a meter and a fuse from your instructor. 2. Look at the fuse and determine its amp rating. What is the amperage rating of the fuse? 3. Set the meter to ohms.
Exercises 175 4. If the meter has leads that attach, attach the black meter lead to the appropriate port colored as a black port or has the COM labeling. Attach the red meter lead to the positive or port marked with a plus sign ( + ). 5. Turn on the meter. Set the meter so that it is measuring VDC (DC voltage). This may involve manually rotating a dial and/or pushing a button. Note that some meters can autodetect the setting, but most involve configuration.
176 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Lab 4.8 Wall Outlet and Power Cord AC Voltage Check Objective: To check the voltage from a wall outlet and through a power cord Parts: Multimeter Computer power cord Caution: Exercise extreme caution when working with AC voltages! Procedure: Complete the following procedure and perform the accompanying activities. 1. Set the multimeter to AC VOLTAGE (refer to the meter’s manual if you are unsure about this setting).
Exercises 177 6. Remove both leads from the wall outlet. 7. Insert the meter’s black lead into the smaller flat (hot) AC outlet plug. 8. Insert the meter’s red lead into the larger flat (neutral) AC outlet plug. The meter reading should be around 120 volts. Use Table 4.9 to record the reading. 9. Plug the computer power cord into the AC wall outlet that was checked using Steps 3 through 8. 10. Verify the other end of the power cord is not plugged into the computer. 11.
178 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power Yellow: +12V Black: ground Black: ground Red: +5V Berg connector Molex connector Red: +5V Black: ground Black: ground Yellow: +12V Voltages Minimum + 5 Volts + 4.75 Maximum + 5.25 + 12 Volts + 11.4 + 12.6 Figure 4.39 Molex and Berg power connectors Write the voltage level found for the +5 volt wire in Table 4.11. Table 4.11 +5 volt check Voltage being checked Voltage found +5 volts 8.
Exercises 179 List the BIOS options related to power management. Can ACPI be disabled via BIOS? 3. Exit the BIOS setup program without saving any settings. Boot to Windows XP. 4. From the Start button > access Control Panel > Classic view > and the Power Options Control Panel. On the Power Schemes tab, what is the current setting used? Using the Power Schemes drop-down menu, list the power schemes available.
180 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 6. Use the Turn off the display drop-down menu to select a time. Use the Put the computer to sleep drop-down menu to select a time for the computer to go into reduced power mode. Note that on a laptop computer there will be two columns of choices: On battery and Plugged in. What global ACPI state do you think this would assign? Look back through the chapter to review. 7. Click the Create button. Notice that your new plan appears in the list of preferred plans.
Activities 181 2. Locate an Internet site to buy a computer tool kit that contains non-magnetic screwdrivers. List the URL where you found the tool kit and at least three sizes of screwdrivers or bits provided. 3. Locate a surge protector for the whole house. Determine if it replaces the need for individual surge protectors. Write the name and part number as well as your findings. 4. A customer owns a Belkin 12-outlet surge protector with phone/Ethernet/coaxial protection and an extended cord.
182 Chapter 4 • Disassembly and Power 2. Work in teams to decide the best way to inform a customer about the differences between a line conditioner and a UPS. Present your description to the class as if you were talking to the customer. Each team member must contribute. Each classmate votes for the best team explanation. Critical Thinking Skills Objective: To analyze and evaluate information as well as apply learned information to new or different situations Activities: 1.
Index Symbols 3 UTP cable, 735 4GB RAM, 214 5 UTP cable, 735 6 UTP cables, 735 6a UTP cables, 735 8-bit sound cards, 346 10BaseT, 741 10GBaseER Ethernet, 742 10GBaseLR Ethernet, 741 10GBaseLX4 Ethernet, 741 10GBaseSR Ethernet, 741 10GBaseT Ethernet, 742 16-bit sound cards, 347 Windows XP, 576 32-bit video processors, 398 Windows Vista/7, 578 Windows XP, 576 40-pin cables (IDE), 260 56K point to point connections, 783 56Kbps modems, 701-702 64-bit video processors, 398 Windows Vista/7, 578 100BaseT Ethernet,
912 accounts accounts Administrator, accessing in Windows XP, 474 email, hijacked, 834 user, 608 ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface), 99, 147 BIOS settings, 148-149 configuring, 99 operating states, 147-148 Wake on LAN, 148 Wake on Ring, 148 ACPI Function BIOS power setting, 148 ACR (Advanced Communications Riser) connectors, 76 activating Windows, 588 active Disk Management status state, 298 active heat sinks, 60 active listening skills, 3, 81-82 active matrix LCDs, 386 active scripting, 83
authentication Appearance and Personalization control panel, 530 Apple iOS devices apps, 482, 784-785 Bluetooth, configuring, 16 email, configuring, 787 gaming, 484 geo-tracking, 483 GPS app, 483 home screens, 480 lock screen, 482 multitasking gestures/screen rotation settings, 386 network connectivity, 784 notification area, 481 operating system interaction, 481-482 operating system, recovering, 493 sound settings, 349 storage, 786 synchronizing with iTunes, 786 system bar, 481 video ports, 22 web cams, ac
914 authentication open, 844 password guidelines, 823 shared key, 844 single sign-on, 824 two-factor, 814 user IDs/passwords, 824-826 wireless networks, 844-845 authenticators, 845 authorization, 823 Auto-Detect feature (BIOS), hard drives, 282 Automated System Recovery. See ASR automatic booting after crashes, 611 automatic disk checking, 503 Automatic Private IP Addressing.
cables Start Windows Normally, 611 startup programs, configuring/ disabling, 615 warm, 95, 190 Windows, 611-616 Vista/7, 613-614 XP, 613 Windows 7, 613-614 options, 673-674 startup options, 677-679 Windows XP, 670-672 boot.ini file, 502, 612 bootmgr.exe file, 612 bootrec.exe utility, 617 bootree command, 502 bootsect.
916 cables straight-through CAT 5 UTP, creating, 792-794 tools, 740 twisted-pair, 734 wiring standards, 735 PATA, 260 PATA IDE, 267-269 pin 1, 125 power supplies, 454 projectors, 394 reassembling, 132 removing, 124-125 SATA, 262, 271 SCSI, 279 serial, 697 sound designs, 458 straight through, 735 twisted-pair, 734-736 USB, 23-24 video, 391-392 cache memory, 51-52 adding, 220 Cached Physical Memory field (Task Manager Performance tab), 223 caches, creating, 304 calibrating batteries, mobile devices, 145 cam
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor capitalization, 496 closing, 506 commands.
918 Complete PC Restore tool Complete PC Restore tool, 617 component/RGB video analog ports, 395 Component Services snap-in, 606 components (PCs) input devices, 6 KVM switches, 7 laptops, 9-10 memory types, 10 motherboards, 7 adapters, 8 connectors, 12 expansion slots, 8 integrated, 11, 34-35 locating, 7 mouse/keyboard ports, 12 ports, 11 riser boards, 8 optical drives, 7 output devices, 7 power supplies, 7 storage devices, 7 Windows Vista/7, installing/ verifying, 659-662 Windows XP installing, 658-659 r
cooling processors USB ports, 36 3.
920 cooling processors fans 3-pin/4-pin, 59 power consumption, 152 heat sinks, 60 installation clips, 60 liquid cooling system, 62 copper media, 734 coaxial, 736-737 RJ-45 pin 1 assignments, 736 twisted-pair, 734-736 UTP crossover CAT 5, creating, 795-797 straight-through CAT 5, creating, 792-794 wiring standards, 735 copy command, 499, 504 copying directories, 515 files, 475, 499, 541 between folders, 543 copy command, 504 discs, 337 multiple, 542 robocopy command, 512 xcopy command, 515 folders, 475 Cor
directories drivers, 585 IDE, configuring, 99 IEEE 1394 connecting, 31-32 troubleshooting, 32-33 input defined, 6 keyboards. See keyboards mice.
922 DirectX DirectX, 342 APIs, 348 diagnostics, 506 DirectX Diagnostic Tool (Windows), 342 dirt removal, 132-133 Disable automatic restart on system failure option, 611 disable command, 505 disabling AutoRun/AutoPlay, 819 device drivers, 656 driver signatures, 611 ports/connectors, 95 SSID broadcasting, 848 startup programs, 615, 670 disassembly cables, 124-128 case removal, 124 hard drives, 128 laptops, 130-131 motherboards, 129-130 power supplies, 153 preparations, 122 safety, 120-122 solid-state drives
emergency procedures (security policies) dynamic link libraries. See DLLs dynamic RAM.
924 EMI (electromagnetic interference) EMI (electromagnetic interference), 122 emptying Recycle Bin, 477 Enable Boot Logging, 611 enable command, 506 Enable low resolution video, 610 Enable VGA Mode, 610 enabling Remote Desktop, 631 virtualization, 593 encapsulated postscript file (EPS), 485 encrypting files, 550 files/folders, 855-856 hard drives, configuring, 99 Encrypting File System (EFS), 821 encryption BitLocker, 302, 818 BitLocker To Go, 818 files/folders, 503-504, 821 Windows files/folders, 490 wi
FireWire files attributes, configuring, 488 attributes, viewing, 500 backing up, 488. See also backups xcopy command, 515 BOOT.INI, editing, 502 compressing, 488-489, 549 copying, 475, 499, 541 between folders, 543 copy command, 504 multiple, 542 robocopy command, 512 xcopy command, 515 defined, 472 deleted, retrieving, 544 deleting, 505, 544 permanently, 476 directory structure example, 496-497 dll, registering, 512 driver.
926 firmware firmware defined, 6 printers, upgrading, 427 five-wire resistive touch screen displays, 384 fixboot command, 507 fixed input power supplies, 151 fixmbr command, 507 flash BIOS, 96-98 Flash memory, 226-227 CompactFlash cards, 226 defined, 11 failures, troubleshooting, 227 internal memory, viewing, 227 technologies, 226 thumb drives, 227 flashlights, 123 flat panel monitors, 19, 388 flatbed scanners, 354-355 flick gesture, 481 flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) sockets, 57 Floppy disk(s) failed
hard drives G H hal.
928 hard drives removable, 303 removing, 128 repairing/recovering, 502 RPMs, 254 SATA installing, 271-274 power consumption, 152 SCSI, 264-266 cables, 279 electrical signals/ terminators, 277 host adapters, 264 ID configuration/ termination, 276-279 installing, 280-281 multiple, installing, 280 networking, 266 parallel, configuring, 276 powering on, 276 SAS, 266 standards, 265 symbols, 278 types, 264 sectors, 256 SSDs, compared, 263 storage device design considerations, 457 swap files, 221 tracks, 255 tro
importing Windows registry sections HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 778 HTTPS (HTTP over SSL), 778 hubs Ethernet, 732 ICH, 77 IEEE 1394, 33 MCH, 77 star topologies, 733 switch advantage, 742 USB, 24 humidity, paper, 417 HVD (high-voltage differential), 278 hybrid topologies, 732 HyperTerminal program, 721-723 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), 776 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 778 Hyper-Threading, configuring, 99 Hyper-Threading Technology (HTT), 54 HyperTransport, 55 hypervisors, types, 593 I ICH
930 incident reporting (security) incident reporting (security), 843-844 increasing processor speed, 50-51 Windows bootup speed, 614 incremental backups, 302 incremental backups, files/folders, 489 indexing, 485 industrial computer configuration, 452 inf files, finding, 603 INF (information) extension, 485 infrared, 776 infrared touch screen displays, 384 infrared wireless input devices, 16 inherited permissions, 831 INI (initialization file) extension, 485 ink cartridges inkjet printers, 410 recycling, 4
IRQs (Interrupt Requests) defined, 696 digital, 702 digital versus analog, 701 DSL.
932 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 702-783 isochronous data transfers, 30 ISP (Internet Service Providers), 709 iTunes, 786 J JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), 356 JPG (joint photographic experts) extension, 485 jumpers, 94 CMOS password, 100 K KBs (kilobytes), 46 Kerberos protocol, 823 kernel (operating system), 6 Key Management Service (KMS), 590 Keyboard control panel, 521 Keyboard error or no keyboard present message, 186 Keyboard is loc
megabytes (MBs) loopback plugs, 188 lost clusters, locating, 300 low-level hard drive formatting, 283 low-voltage differential (LVD), 278 LTI (lite touch installation), 590 lumens, LCDs, 387 LVD (low-voltage differential), 278 Lynx. See IEEE 1394 ports M MAC addresses, 746 macro viruses, 586 main motors (laser printers), 414 mainboards.
934 memory memory access time, 216 addresses, 108 buffer, ODDs, 337 buying, 216-217 cache, 51-52 adding, 220 capacities, 209 CL ratings, 216-217 CMOS, 100 ESCD, 109 design components, 453 double-sided, 208 dual-channel, 212-214 dual-voltage, 217 ECC, 208 features, 207-209 Flash, 11, 226-227 fully buffered memory, 208 installed amount, determining, 211 installing, 218-220 laptops, removing, 130 managing, 225 mobile devices, 207, 220 module type amounts, determining, 212-215 monitoring, 223-224 motherboard
motherboards geo-tracking, 483 GPS app, 483 GUIs, 472 hard drives, 281 home screens, 480 Internet connectivity, 709-710 lock screen, 482 memory, 207, 220 motherboards, 64 network connectivity, 784 notification area, 481 operating system interaction, 481-482 operating systems, recovering, 493 processors, 64 RAM, 11 screen orientations, 383 security, 850-851 sound, 349-350 speakers, 349 storage, 281, 786 system bar, 481 touch/multi-touch technologies, 14 traveling with, 144 video ports, 22 Mobile PC control p
936 motherboards setup options, 98-100 Setup program.
networks N names computers, 765 files, 484 characters, 484 directories, 497 wildcards, 499 folders, characters, 484 nanometers, 453 The Narrator, 649 NAT (Network Address Translation), 776 Remote Assistance support, 631 native hypervisors.
938 networks topologies, 732-734 troubleshooting, 772-775 types, 588, 728 UDP, 777 virtual machines, connecting, 594 virtualization issues, 770 VoIP, 777 WANs, 728 Windows 7, configuring, 797-800 Windows installation, choosing, 588 wireless.
paths overvoltage, 154-155 overwriting hard drives, 302 ozone, 421 P packaging memory, 203-204 PAE (physical address extension), 223 page files, 221, 576.
940 PBs (petabytes) PBs (petabytes), 46 PC Card/ExpressBus drives, 358 PC Cards, 75, 709 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect), 67 PCI bus speed, 51 PCI expansion slots, 67-69 PCI Express.
power troubleshooting physical problems, 188 upstream, 23 USB, 36 3.
942 power physical sizes, 152 power good signals, 139 problem symptoms, 152-153 standby, 160 switching, 137 testers, 144 triple-rail, 151 uninterruptible, 158-159 upgrading/replacing, 151-152 voltage, 135 voltages, 143 watts, 151 surge protection, 156-157 surge protectors, 155-157 surges, 155 troubleshooting, 153-154 grounding problems, 154 overvoltage, 154-155 power good signals, 154 problem sources, finding, 153 under-voltage, 155 wall outlets, 153 USB ports, 24 voltage, 134-135 volts, 134 Windows 7, 14
programs design components, 453-454 installing, 62-64 Intel, 48-49 IRQs, 102-103 laptops, 64 multi-core, 55-57 multiple, installing, 63 multipliers, 55 nanometers, 453 overclocking, 65-66 pipelining, 48 power consumption, 152 register size, 47 sockets, 57-58 software instructions, fetching, 203 speed, 50-51 speeds, 46 threading, 54 throttling, 63 troubleshooting, 66-67 upgrading, 63 video, 397-398 voltage requirements, 63 Profile tab, MMC Windows 7, 667 Windows XP, 663 profiles, users, 490 programs allowing
944 programs Windows compatibility, 582 Windows XP Mode, 582 Programs control panel, 529, 605 Programs tab (Internet Explorer Internet Options), 712 projector ports, 21 projectors, 394-395 properties NICs, 769 printers, 423 protocols DHCP, IP addressing, 766 Kerberos, 823 PPP, 783 TCP, 777 TCP/IP, 745 devices, 746 hijacking, 842 layers, 746, 779 NIC stack, checking, 772 overview, 745, 778 protocols/ports, 778-779 statistics, viewing, 510 proxy servers, 836 PS/2 keyboard ports, 36 PS/2 mouse ports, 36 PSTN
restoring batteries, mobile devices, 144 BIOS write protection, 96 cables, 124-126 case, 124 CRTs, 396 DC power plug, laptops, 131 directories, 511 dirt, 133 expansion cards, laptops, 130 files, 505, 544 permanently, 476 removable media, 486 flash drives, 227 folders, 544 hard drives, 128 laptop displays, 389 laptop keyboards, 13 memory, 218 laptops, 130 mobile devices, 220 motherboard front panel cables/connectors, 128 motherboards, 80, 129 I/O shields, 129 retaining clips, 130 standoffs, 129 partitions, 2
946 restoring System Restore.
Setup program mobile devices, 850-851 network cabling, 738-739 networks attacks, 841-842 VPNs, 842-843 operating systems, 818-820 passwords, local policies, 864-868 peer-to-peer LANs, 730 permissions, 827-832 physical, 813-816 physical access, locking computers, 816 policies, 812 principle of least privilege, 828 private folders, creating, 857-858 user IDs/passwords, 823-826 web browsers, 712 WFP, Windows XP support, 576 Windows Defender, 868-869 Windows System Protection, restore points, 856-857 wireless n
948 Setup program hardware monitor, 99 Hyper-Threading, 99 IDE devices, 99 intrusion detection, 99 lojack, 99 number lock key, 98 onboard devices, 98 passwords, 98 PCI slots, 99 PCIe slots, 99 peripherals, 99 ports/connectors, disabling, 95 processors, 98 SATA, 99 system information, 98 TPM, 99 USB, 98 video, 98 virtualization, 99 virus protection, 98 sfc command, 513 SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol), 779 Shadow Copies, 604 shared folder permissions, 827-830 Shared Folders tool (MMC), 607-608 shared k
SSDs (solid state drives) speakers, 350 amplification, 350-352 choosing, 351 configuring, 650 connectivity, 351 extras, 351 features, 350 frequency response range, 351 popping sounds, troubleshooting, 352 power rating, 350 power sources, 351 shielding, 351 sound designs, 458 troubleshooting, 352 volume, controlling, 650 troubleshooting, 352-354 sound cards, 345 8-bit, 346 16-bit, 347 analog to digital conversions, 346 defined, 29 frequency response, 346 installing, 347 sound design considerations, 458 troub
950 SSDs (solid state drives) installing, 274-275 MLCs, 264 reliability, 263 SLCs, 264 static electricity, 275 wear leveling, 263 write amplification, 263 SSH (Secure Shell), 779 SSID broadcasting, 848 SSIDs (service set identifiers), 757 access points, 757, 847-848 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 776 staggered pin array (SPGA) sockets, 57 standard users, 825 standards Ethernet, 741 IDE PATA, 260 IEEE 1394, 31 network, 742-743 SCSI, 265 twisted-pair cables, 735 wireless networks, 764 standby power, 134 Standb
TBs (terabytes) performance evaluating, 682 monitoring, 624 restore points, 856-857 services, 505-506 system bars, mobile devices, 481 System Configuration utility, 617-618 services, troubleshooting, 623 starting, 509, 617 Windows 7, 677-679 Windows XP, 676-677 System control panel, 521 system design components, 450-453 system file, 612 System File Checker running, 297 starting, 513 system files, 612 system image disc (Windows 7), creating, 570 System Image Manager (SIM), 589 System Image Recovery tool, 617
952 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 777 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), 745-746 hijacking, 842 layers, 779 NIC stack, checking, 772 overview, 778 protocols/ports, 778-779 TCP/IP statistics, 510 teamwork, 228 technicians qualities, 3-5 active listening skills, 3, 81-82 doing one thing at a time, 110 gun slingers, 110 positive attitude, 4 technical language familiarity, 4 skills attitude, 360-361 burnout, avoiding, 632-633 customer trust, bu
troubleshooting tracert command, 515, 774 tracking modules, 814 tracks (hard drives), 255 transfer corona, 413 transfer corona wires (laser printers), 414 transferring laser printers, 413 transient voltage suppressing (TVS) ratings, 157 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 777 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol.
954 troubleshooting resources, 184.
video user IDs, protecting, 823-826 user profiles, 490 users account control.
956 video multiple displays, 392-393 multi-scan monitor, 385 output devices, 380-381 touch screen displays, 383-384 performance, 404 pixels, 385-387 ports, 19-22, 36-37, 390-392 projectors, 394-395 quality, 380 refresh rate, 385 resolution, 385-388 SLI, 399 subsystem, 380 troubleshooting, 402-404 TV tuner cards, 398 vertical scan rate, 385 video capture cards, 398 web cams, 359-360 video capture cards, 398 video cards, PCIe, 152 Video Electronics Standards Association.
Windows Add Printer Wizard, 772 Advanced Boot Options menu, 610-611 Aero, 577 APIs, sound cards, 348 backup utility, 303 registry, 597 System State, 598 Bluetooth, 16-17, 753 booting, 611-616 CF cards, formatting, 226 compatibility mode, 582 configuring, 600 context menus, 480 Control Panel, 478 control panels, 599 defragmenting hard drives, 301 Deployment Services (WDS), 589 desktop, 474 Aero, 577 common icons, 475 double-clicking icons, 476 icons, 474 notification area, 478 notification update icon, 596 o
958 Windows pre-installation, 580 pre-installation checklist backing up data, 585 clean install, 580-582 data migration, 582 drivers, 585 file systems, 583 hardware requirements, 584-585 in-place upgrades, 581 multiple operating systems, 583 partition size, 583 power-/disk-management tools, removing, 585 program compatibility, 582 upgrading, 580-581 virus scans, 585 printers.
Windows Vista virtual memory size, configuring, 221 Virtual PC, requirements, 593 virtualization, 593 VPNs, configuring, 842 Windows Defender, 840 Windows Update, 596-597 WinRE, 616-617 wireless settings, 847 WRP, 579 Windows-based help file (HLP) extension, 485 Windows Defender, 840, 868-869 Windows desktop, My Computer icon, 523 Windows Explorer, 472 display options, 487 security-related display options, 820 starting, 507 Windows logs, 621 Windows Resource Protection (WRP), 579 Windows Update, 596-597 Win
960 Windows Vista System Protection, restore points, 856-857 system state, backing up/ restoring, 598 UAC, 608 update notifications, customizing, 597 versions, 577-578 virtual memory size, configuring, 221 VPNs, configuring, 842 Windows Defender, 840 Windows Update, 596-597 WinRE, 616-617 wireless settings, 847 WRP, 579 Windows XP 16-bit/32-bit, 576 accessibility options, 648-649 Add Hardware Wizard, 602 Add or Remove Programs control panel, 605 Administrative Tools, 657 Administrator accounts, accessing,
ZTI (zero-touch installations) worm viruses, 586 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), 846 WPA2, 846 WPS (Microsoft Works text file format) extension, 485 WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup), 847 WRI (Microsoft WordPad) extension, 485 write amplification, 263 write-black laser printers, 413 write NTFS permission, 831 write protection, BIOS (removing), 96 write-white laser printers, 413 writing optical media, 335 written communication skills, 162-163 WRP (Windows Resource Protection), 579 WWANs (wireless WANs), 728 X xcopy
