4411-0039-CE Version 4.
Copyright 2001 Roper Scientific, Inc. 3660 Quakerbridge Rd Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 609-587-9797 FAX: 609-587-1970 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of Roper Scientific, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. IPLab is a trademark of Scanalytics, Inc. Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 9 Introduction.........................................................................................................................9 MicroMAX System Components........................................................................................9 Overview ......................................................................................................................
iv MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Chapter 4 Operation .......................................................................................... 27 Introduction.......................................................................................................................27 EMF and Xenon or Hg Arc Lamps ...................................................................................27 Vacuum ...............................................................................................
Table of Contents v Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera (Double Image Feature)............................ 65 Introduction.......................................................................................................................65 Timing Modes ...................................................................................................................66 Free Run .....................................................................................................................
vi MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Temperature Control .........................................................................................................97 Cooling..............................................................................................................................98 Mounting...........................................................................................................................98 Shutters............................................................
Table of Contents vii Index ................................................................................................................. 127 Figures Figure 1. MicroMAX Cameras and Controller..................................................................9 Figure 2. Standard System Diagram ................................................................................16 Figure 3. 5 MHz System Diagram ...................................................................................16 Figure 4.
viii MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Figure 47. Power Input Module .......................................................................................90 Figure 48. Fuse Holder.....................................................................................................90 Figure 49. Module Installation.........................................................................................95 Figure 50. Controller Dimensions................................................................
Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction The Princeton Instruments® MicroMAX system is a high-speed, low-noise CCD camera system designed for demanding imaging applications and is an optimal system for use in fluorescence microscopy applications such as high resolution immunofluorescence, FISH or GFP imaging. The MicroMAX system incorporates a compact camera head, cooled CCD, advanced exposure-control timing, video output, and sophisticated readout capabilities.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A accumulates photoelectrons for the exposure time. At the end of the exposure time, the image thus formed is read out. The accumulated charge on each cell of the array is transferred out of the CCD array, amplified, and sent to the controller as an analog signal, where it is digitized prior to transfer to the computer.
Chapter 1 Introduction 11 in the optional precision mode (16-bit). Switching between the two modes is under software control for total experiment automation. The 5 MHz MicroMAX Controller provides 12-bit digitization at 5 MHz., resulting in a frame readout time of 0.33 seconds per full frame.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Mouse: Two-button Microsoft®-compatible serial mouse or Logitech three-button serial/bus mouse. About this Manual Manual Organization This manual provides the user with all the information needed to install a MicroMAX camera and place it in operation. Topics covered include a detailed description of the camera, installation, cleaning, specifications and more.
Chapter 1 Introduction 13 Appendix D, Virtual Chip Mode describes how to set up and use the Virtual Chip option, a special fast-acquisition technique. Appendix E, Repumping the Vacuum explains how to restore the 1 MHz or 100kHz/1MHz round head camera's vacuum if that vacuum has deteriorated over time. Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual Caution! The use of this symbol on equipment indicates that one or more nearby items should not be operated without first consulting the manual.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Precautions To prevent permanently damaging the system, please observe the following precautions: Always switch off and unplug the ST-133 Controller before changing your system configuration in any way. Never remove the camera’s front window, as it is necessary to maintain vacuum (or to maintain a dry nitrogen environment). The CCD array is very sensitive to static electricity. Touching the CCD can destroy it.
Chapter 2 Installation Overview The list and diagrams below briefly describe the sequence of actions required to hookup your system and prepare to gather data. Refer to the indicated references for more detailed information. This list assumes that the application software is Princeton Instruments WinView/32. Action Reference 1. If the system components have not already been unpacked, unpack them and inspect their carton(s) and the system components for intransit damage. Store the packing materials.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Action Reference 11. If using a microscope Xenon or an Hg arc lamp, turn it on before turning on the controller and host computer. Chapter 4 Operation, page 27 12. Turn the Controller ON. 13. Turn on the computer and begin running WinView/32. WinView/32 manual 14. Enter the hardware setup information or load the defaults from the controller. Chapter 4 Operation, page 33 15. Set the target array temperature. Chapter 4 Operation, page 27 16.
Chapter 3 System Setup Unpacking the System During the unpacking, check the system components for possible signs of shipping damage. If there are any, notify Roper Scientific and file a claim with the carrier. If damage is not apparent but camera or controller specifications cannot be achieved, internal damage may have occurred in shipment. Please save the original packing materials so you can safely ship the camera system to another location or return it to Roper Scientific for repairs if necessary.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Power Requirements The MicroMAX system can operate from any one of four different nominal line voltages, 100, 120, 220, or 240 V AC. The power consumption is nominally 200 watts and the line frequency can range from 47 to 63 Hz. The MicroMAX camera receives its power from the controller, which in turn plugs into a source of AC power.
Chapter 3 System Setup 19 Mounting the Camera General The MicroMAX camera can be mounted either horizontally or vertically (nose up or nose down). The camera can rest on any secure surface. For mounting flexibility, the round head camera is equipped with four standard ¼ x 20 UNC threaded 3/8 deep holes spaced at 90° intervals around the body; in some situations it may prove convenient to secure the camera with a suitable mounting bracket.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A press the locking lever on the mount while rotating the lens clockwise until it comes free and can be pulled straight out. Both types of lenses typically have provision for focusing and aperture adjustment, with the details varying according the make and model of the lens. In addition, in the case of the F-mount, there is provision for adjusting the focus of the lens mount itself, if necessary, to bring the focus within range of the lens focus.
Chapter 3 System Setup 21 C-Mount For a camera equipped with a C-mount thread, use the standard C-mount adapter supplied by the microscope manufacturer to attach the camera to the microscope. The adapter can be screwed into the camera and then the assembly can be secured to the microscope using the standard setscrews on the microscope. The camera can be mounted on the trinocular output port, the side port, or the bottom port of the inverted microscope.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Diagnostic Instruments Bottom Clamp Type Microscope Type Leica DMR L-clamp Leitz All types NLW-clamp Nikon Optiphot, Diaphot, Eclipse O-clamp Olympus BH-2, B-MAX, IMT-2 V-clamp Zeiss Axioscope, Axioplan, Axioplan 2, Axiophot Z-clamp Zeiss Axiovert ZN-clamp Table 1. Bottom Clamps for Different Microscopes The F-mount is appropriate for any trinocular output port or any side port.
Chapter 3 System Setup 23 1X HRP 100-NIK "L" bottom clamp Figure 6. Bottom Clamp secured to Relay Lens CAUTION Microscope optics have very high transmission efficiencies in the infrared region of the spectrum. Since typical microscope light sources are very good emitters in the infrared, some microscopes are equipped with IR blockers or heat filters to prevent heating of optical elements or the sample.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Installing the Application Software Drivers Installation is performed via the WinView/32 installation process, which should be done before the interface card is installed in the host computer. On the Select Components dialog box (see Figure 7), click on the button appropriate for the interface card. For a PCI card, select the AUTO PCI component to install the required PCI card driver and the most commonly installed program files.
Chapter 3 System Setup 25 To Install an ISA Serial Card: Support for ISA Serial boards has been discontinued as of the release of WinView/32 version 2.5.0. Earlier versions of the software still support this board. If you are using an earlier version of the WinView software and want to install an ISA card, contact the factory for instructions. Note: An ISA serial interface card operated in an ISA slot can support data transfer rates as high as 1 MHz (WinView software ver. 1.4.3 - 2.4.8).
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A To Connect the Camera Power/Camera Signal Cables (5 MHz only): 1. Verify that the Controller power is OFF. Note: When installing the cable assembly at the Controller, the 15-pin Camera Power connector must be installed before the 40-pin Camera Signal connector. If removing the cable assembly, this sequence is reversed. 2.
Chapter 4 Operation Introduction This chapter begins with sections regarding a number of operating considerations such as EMF, vacuum, cooling, baseline signal, and imaging field of view. The final section provides a step-by-step procedure for placing the system in operation the first time. At this point a lens should be mounted on the camera (or, if necessary, the camera mounted on a microscope) and you should be ready to operate the system and proceed to viewing your first MicroMAX images.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A enclosure of the camera. Fins on the round head camera shell radiate the heat outward to the surrounding atmosphere. The fan inside the rectangular head camera draws air through the vents in the camera shell, blows it through the internal fins, and exhausts it back into the atmosphere through the vents.
Chapter 4 Operation 29 Imaging Field of View When used for two-dimensional imaging applications, the MicroMAX camera closely imitates a standard 35 mm camera. Since the CCD is not the same size as the film plane of a 35 mm camera, the field of view at a given distance is somewhat different. The imaging field of view is indicated in Figure 8. CCD Object Lens S O B D Figure 8. Imaging Field of View D = distance between the object and the CCD B = 46.5 mm for F-mount; 17.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Note: If more than one device is connected to the video output, the last device is the one that should to be terminated in 75 . For example, to connect the video output to a VCR as well as to a monitor, the cable from the controller video output should be connected to the video input connector of the VCR, and another 75 cable should extend from the video output connector of the VCR to the 75 input of the monitor.
Chapter 4 Operation 31 Note: With a 16-bit A/D converter (not a standard option), the composite video output is disabled during data acquisition. In post-acquisition processing the WinView/32 ROI (Region of Interest) capability allows any portion of an acquired image to be displayed on the computer monitor. Again, note that the described video output behavior applies specifically for the WinView/32 software only. Other application software may provide different video output capabilities.
MicroMAX System User Manual Camera-Controller Cable Assy. Version 4.A TAXI cable (Serial Com) 110/220 Camera Camera Camera Serial Pwr Signal 110/220 Controller Microscope Computer EXPERIMENT Figure 11. 5 MHz System Diagram Cabling If the system cables haven’t as yet been installed, connect them as follows (system power OFF): If the system cables haven’t as yet been installed, connect them as follows (system power off). See Figure 10 or Figure 11.
Chapter 4 Operation 33 Getting Started 1. If you haven’t already done so, install a lens on the camera. The initial lens settings aren’t important but it may prove convenient to set the focus to approximately the anticipated distance and to begin with a small aperture setting. In the case of operation with a microscope, review Mounting to a Microscope, beginning on page 20, and mount the camera on the microscope. 2. Turn on the system power.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A normal and does not indicate a system malfunction. Once lock is established, the temperature will be stable to within ±0.05°C.
Chapter 4 Operation 35 2. Adjust the lens aperture, intensity scaling, and focus for the best image as viewed on the monitor. Some imaging tips follow. a. Begin with the lens blocked off. Set the lens at the smallest possible aperture (largest f-stop number). b. Place a suitable target in front of the lens. An object with text or graphics works best. If working with a microscope, use any easily viewed specimen.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Set screws to lock front part of adapter in place Lens release lever Front part of adapter for adjusting focus Figure 12. F-mount Focus Adjustment Acquiring Data Once optimum focus and aperture have been achieved, you can switch from Focus (or Video Focus) mode to standard data-acquisition operation as determined via the Experiment Setup dialog box.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes The Princeton Instruments MicroMAX system has been designed to allow the greatest possible flexibility when synchronizing data collection with an experiment. The chart below lists the timing mode combinations. Use this chart in combination with the detailed descriptions in this chapter to determine the optimal timing configuration. Mode Shutter Free Run Normal External Sync Normal External Sync PreOpen Continuous Cleans Normal Continuous Cleans PreOpen Table 2.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A external shutters and filter wheels. As seen in Figure 13, in Safe Mode operation, the computer controls when each frame is taken. After each frame is received, the camera sends the Stop Acquisition command to the camera, instructing it to stop acquisition. Once that frame is completely processed and displayed, another Start Acquisition command is sent from the computer to the camera, allowing it to take the next frame.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 39 Safe Mode (Asynchronous) Full Speed Mode (Synchronous) Start Start Computer programs camera with exposure and binning parameters Computer programs camera with exposure and binning parameters STARTACQ issued from computer to camera STARTACQ issued from computer to camera Cleans performed Cleans performed 1 frame collected as per timing mode 1 frame collected as per timing mode STOPACQ issued from computer to camera Background or flatfield on? No Yes Background or f
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Shutter opens Shutter remains open for preprogrammed exposure time System waits while shutter closes Figure 14. Free Run Timing Chart (part of the chart in Figure 13) Other experimental equipment can be synchronized to the MicroMAX system by using the SCAN (NOTSCAN) signal. This TTL output for synchronous operation is shown in Figure 15.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 41 In the PreOpen Shutter mode, on the other hand, shutter operation is only partially synchronized to the experiment. As soon as the controller is ready to collect data the shutter opens. Upon arrival of the first External Sync pulse at the MicroMAX, the shutter remains open for the specified exposure period, closes, and the CCD is read out. As soon as readout is complete the shutter reopens and waits for the next frame.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Also note that, in addition to signal from ambient light, dark charge accumulates during the “wait” time (tw). Any variation in the external sync frequency also affects the amount of dark charge, even if light is not falling on the CCD during this time. Note: If EXT SYNC is still active at the end of the readout, the hardware will interpret this as a second sync pulse, and so on.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 43 Note: If EXT SYNC is still active at the end of the readout, the hardware will interpret this as a second sync pulse, and so on. Open Shutter (Normal) Shutter (Preopen) Open Notscan Close Close Read Open Open Close Close Read Open Open Close Close Read External Sync Figure 19. Continuous Cleans Timing Diagram Frame Transfer Operation In frame transfer operation, half the CCD is used for sensing light and the other half for storage and readout.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A SCAN low). More specifically, if the readout time, tR, is greater than the sum of tw1, the time the controller waits for the first External Sync pulse, plus texp, the programmed exposure time, plus tc, the shutter compensation time, then the actual exposure time will equal tR. If an External Sync pulse is detected during each read, frames will follow one another as rapidly as possible as shown in Figure 20.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 45 texp Shutter Monitor actual exposure time tR tR Notscan tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) tw1 tR tc cleans acquisition Figure 21. Frame Transfer where tw1 + texp + tc > tR texp Shutter Monitor actual exposure time tR tR Notscan tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) cleans acquisition tw1 tc Figure 22.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Non-overlapped: This operation mode is automatically selected by the controlling software when the exposure time is less than the readout time. In non-overlapped operation, the image is transferred to the storage cells at the end of the exposure time and no further accumulation occurs (the imaging cells are switched off).
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 47 at the Ext Sync connector. The exposure ends on completion of the programmed Exposure Time. Then the data acquired during the first exposure is read out while the next frame of data is being acquired. This pattern continues for the duration of the experiment so that, during each frame, the data acquired during the previous frame is read out. texp Shutter Monitor actual exposure time 50ns min.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A texp Shutter Monitor Notscan actual exposure time tR tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) cleans acquisition tw1 tc Figure 25.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout Before each image from the CCD array appears on the computer screen, it must first be read, digitized, and transferred to the computer. Figure 26 is a block diagram of the image-signal path. Incoming photons Controller TE/CCD ICCD Up/down integrator CCD Slow A/D Fast A/D Preamp Digital processor Video display Cable driver Camera HS serial interface HS serial buffer board Display Storage Computer Figure 26.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Unintensified, uncoated CCDs can withstand direct exposure to relatively high light levels, magnetic fields and RF radiation. They are easily cooled and can be precisely temperature controlled to within a few tens of millidegrees. Because CCD arrays, like film and other media, are always sensitive to light, light must not be allowed to fall on the array during readout.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout Mechanical Shutter Notscan 51 Open Closed Acquire texp Exposure time Readout tc Shutter compensation Figure 27. CCD Exposure with Shutter Compensation SCAN is low during readout, high during exposure, and high during shutter compensation time. Since most shutters behave like an iris, the opening and closing of the shutter will cause the center of the CCD to be exposed slightly longer than the edges.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Interline For interline CCDs, image smearing may occur due to a small amount of light leaking through to the storage cells during the readout time. In the case of lens-coupled intensified cameras (ICCDs), this effect can be eliminated by using a fast phosphor and gating the intensifier at the same frame rate as the CCD.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 53 Array Readout In this section, a simple 6 4 pixel CCD is used to demonstrate how charge is shifted and digitized. As described below, two different types of readout are available. Full frame readout, for full frame CCDs, reads out the entire CCD surface at the same time. Frame transfer operation assumes half of the CCD is for data collection and half of the array is a temporary storage area.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A digitized is the second column moved into the shift register. The order of shifting in our example is therefore D6, C6, B6, A6, D5, C5, B5, A5, D4.... After charge is shifted out of each pixel the remaining charge is zero, meaning that the array is immediately ready for the next exposure. Below are the equations that determine the rate at which the CCD is read out. Tables of values for CCDs supported at the time of the printing of this manual also appear below.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 55 Frame Transfer The MicroMAX fully supports frame transfer readout. Operation in this mode is very similar to the operation of video rate cameras. Half of the CCD is exposed continuously, raising the exposure duty cycle to nearly 100%. The other half of the CCD is masked to prevent exposure, and it is here that the image is “stored” until it can be read out. Figure 29 shows the readout of a masked version of our sample 4 6 CCD.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Interline In this section, a simple 6 3 pixel interline CCD is used to demonstrate how charge is shifted and digitized. As described below, two different types of readout, overlapped and non-overlapped can occur. In overlapped operation, each exposure begins while the readout of the previous one is still in progress.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 1 Empty Readout Register. Exposure has ended and image is being transferred to storage cells. 2 Image has been shifted to storage cells, first line has been shifted to Readout Register, and second exposure begins.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Part 4 of Figure 31 illustrates the situation at the end of the readout. Both the imaging and storage cells are empty. In Free Run operation, the imaging cells will be switched back on immediately, allowing charge accumulation to begin. In Ext Sync operation with no PreOpen, they are not switched back on until after the External Sync pulse is detected. 1 Empty Readout Register. Exposure has ended and image is being transferred to storage cells.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 59 where Nx is the smaller dimension of the CCD Ny is the larger dimension of the CCD. tsr is the time needed to shift one pixel out of the shift register tv is the time needed to digitize a pixel ti is the time needed to shift one line into the shift register CCD Array 1 MHz Readout 5 MHz Readout MicroMAX:782Y Sony ICX075 782 x 582 0.5 sec. for full frame N/A MicroMAX:782YHS Sony ICX075 782 x 582 N/A 0.11 sec.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A render the camera photon shot noise limited, the S/N ratio improvement is roughly proportional to the square-root of the number of pixels binned. Figure 32 shows an example of 2 2 binning for a full frame CCD array. Each pixel of the image displayed by the software represents 4 pixels of the array. Rectangular bins of any size are possible. 1 Empty Readout Register. Exposure has ended and image is about to be shifted into the Readout Register.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 61 On-Chip Binning for Interline Binning is the process of adding the data from adjacent cells together), and it can be accomplished in either hardware or software. Rectangular groups of cells of any size may be binned together, subject to some hardware and software limitations. Hardware binning is performed before the signal is read out by the preamplifier.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Software Binning One limitation of hardware binning is that the shift register pixels and the output node are typically only 2-3 times the size of imaging pixels as shown in Table 7. Consequently, if the total charge binned together exceeds the capacity of the shift register or output node, the data will be corrupted.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout always be nosier than one designed for optimum noise performance. The MicroMAX camera can be provided with two analog converters, one optimized for high speed, the other for high precision, as a solution to this problem. For the most common system configurations, there will be a 1 MHz converter for the fastest possible data collection, and a 100 kHz converter for use where noise performance is the paramount concern.
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Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera (Double Image Feature) Introduction This Appendix describes operation of the MicroMAX DIF system. Both the Controller and a MicroMAX Interline camera must have factory modifications installed for DIF operation. In addition to the internal changes and installation of a back panel switch, a camera modified for DIF operation would ordinarily include a mechanical shutter. Execution of the DIF functions is done via the WinView/32 software (v2.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A ESABI: Allows two fast images of equal duration to be acquired. Unlike the IEC and EEC modes, in the ESABI mode, two pulses are applied to the Ext. Sync. connector. Each initiates a separate acquisition, allowing the user to set the time between acquisitions by externally adjusting the time between the two applied pulses. When the data is saved, both images are saved in a single *.spe file.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 67 Figure 34. Thus the positive going edge of the READY output marks the start of the first exposure. In Free Run operation, the time that READY remains low will typically be in the range of 400 to 600 ns. READY 400 ns EXPOSURE Figure 34.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Summary of Free Run Timing mode Allows user to capture single images. Requires that the switch on the back of the DIF camera be set to INACTIVE. Uses Exposure Time set via software Experiment Setup. Exposure time range is 1 µs < Exp. Time < 14.3 minutes Exposure does not occur until the mechanical shutter is completely open and readout does not begin until the mechanical shutter is completely closed.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 69 200 ns EXT. SYNC. READY 1st Image 5 µs 2nd Image Mechanical Shutter 5 µs 8 ms 8 ms Figure 37. Timing Diagram for Typical IEC Measurement Figure 38 illustrates the interconnections that might be used for such an experiment with two lasers. Figure 39 shows the timing for the two-laser experiment. Computer Controller READY DG-535 A B C EXT SYNC DG-535 can run at a fairly slow rep rate or use READY signal as a trigger.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Example 2: As shown in Figure 40, the READY signal from the controller can be used to trigger the controller by connecting it back into the EXT SYNC connector. At the same time, it can be used to trigger a DG-535. Computer EXT SYNC READY Controller DG-535 Ext. A B Laser 1 Camera Head Laser 2 Figure 40. Another Hardware Setup for an IEC Measurement Note: This setup will not work in the EEC mode or the ESABI mode.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 71 supplied by the user is required to initiate the imaging process and control the first image exposure time. The controller READY signal goes low when the camera is ready to begin imaging. Figure 41 illustrates an EEC timing example. READY EXT. SYNC. (A) 1st Image 2nd Image t exp Figure 41. EEC Timing Example with Exposure Time in Software Set to texp Summary of EEC Timing mode Enables double image capture under external control.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A READY EXT. SYNC. (A) 1st Image t trig t exp No Signal Integration 2nd Image t exp Figure 42. ESABI Timing Example: Image Exposure time = texp set in software Note: The input trigger pulse, ttrig, must be shorter than the exposure time texp. Otherwise the second image will occur immediately after the first. Summary of ESABI Timing mode The exposure time selected in Experiment Setup sets the exposure time of both the first and second image.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 73 controller as well as time-dependent (but constant for a fixed integration time) buildup of dark charge. The background subtract equation is: (Raw image data – Background) = Corrected image data. When background and flatfield operations are both performed, background subtraction is always performed first. Flatfield Correction Flatfield correction allows the user to divide out small nonuniformities in gain from pixel to pixel.
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Chapter 8 TTL Control Introduction This connector provides 8 TTL lines in, 8 TTL lines out and an input control line. Figure 43 illustrates the connector and Table 9 lists the signal/pin assignments. Princeton Instruments WinView/32 software packages incorporate WinX32 Automation, a programming language that can be used to automate performing a variety of data acquisition and data processing functions, including use of the TTL IN/OUT functions.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Table 8 illustrates this coding for decimal values 0 through 7. Obviously this table could easily be extended to show the coding for values all the way to 255. Decimal Equiv.
Chapter 8 TTL Control Pin # Assignment Pin # 77 Assignment 1 IN 1 14 IN 2 2 IN 3 15 IN 4 3 IN 5 16 IN 6 4 IN 7 17 IN 8 5 GND 18 GND 6 EN/CLK 19 Reserved 7 (future use) 20 GND 8 GND 21 OUT 2 9 OUT 1 22 OUT 4 10 OUT 3 23 OUT 6 11 OUT 5 24 OUT 8 12 OUT 7 25 GND 13 Reserved Table 9. TTL IN/OUT Connector Pinout Figure 43.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Shielded Metalized hood (Radio Shack part no 276-1536A). BNC connector(s) type UG-88 Male BNC connector (Radio Shack part no 278-103). Example Suppose you needed to build a cable to monitor the line TTL OUT 1. One approach would be to build a cable assembly as described in the following paragraphs. This procedure could easily be adapted to other situations.
Chapter 9 System Component Descriptions MicroMAX Camera CCD Array: MicroMAX offers a choice of CCD technologies to improve quantum efficiency (QE) and blue/green sensitivity. Arrays are available in full-frame, interline, and frame-transfer formats. Thinned, back- illuminated devices have a higher QE across the entire visible spectrum and far superior sensitivity in the blue/ green region than front-illuminated CCDs.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A forced air. CCD temperature is controlled and monitored by via the host computer and the ST-133 Controller. Shutter: Rectangular head cameras are available with an internal 25 mm shutter. The shutter drive signal is available at the Remote shutter connector on the rear of the ST-133 Controller or on the rear of the camera. Electronics: The camera electronics enclosure contains the preamplifier and array driver board.
Chapter 9 System Component Descriptions 81 drawn into the camera by the internal fan and exhausted through the back panel. The fan is always in operation and air cooling of both the Peltier and the internal electronics takes place continuously. The fan is designed for low-vibration and does not adversely affect the image. For the fan to function properly, free circulation must be maintained between the rear of the camera and the laboratory atmosphere.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A ST-133 Controller Electronics: The Model ST-133 is a compact, high performance CCD Camera Controller for operation with Princeton Instruments cameras. Designed for high speed and high performance image acquisition, the ST-133 offers data transfer at speeds up to 5 megapixel per second, standard video output for focusing and alignment. A variety of A/D converters are available to meet different speed and resolution requirements.
Chapter 9 System Component Descriptions 83 The Analog/Control Module, which should always be located in the left-most slot, provides the following functions. Pixel A/D conversion Timing and synchronization of readouts CCD scan control Temperature control Exposure control Video output control The Interface Control Module, which should always be located in the center slot, provides the following functions.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A The descriptions of the rear panel connectors that follow are keyed to Figure 45. # Feature 1. Temperature Lock LED: Indicates that the temperature control loop has locked and that the temperature of the CCD array will be stable to within 0.05 C. 2. Video Output: Composite video output is provided at this connector. The amplitude is 1 V pk-pk and the source impedance is 75 .
Chapter 9 System Component Descriptions # 85 Feature 12. Camera Pwr: (5 MHz system) Provides the power to operate the camera. The power cable must be connected before the Camera Signal cable is connected. 13. Fan: Cools the controller electronics. Runs continuously when the controller is turned on. Do not block the side vents or the fan exhaust port. 14. Shutter Setting Selector: Sets the shutter drive voltage. Dial is correctly set at the factory for the camera’s internal shutter if one is present.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A texp Shutter tR Scan tc texp = Exposure Time tR = Readout Time tc = Shutter Compensation Time Shutter Type Compensation Time NONE 200 nsec Electronic 6.0 msec Remote (Prontor 23) 8.0 msec Small (Vincent 25 mm) 8.0 msec Large (Vincent 35 mm) 28.0 msec Figure 46. SCAN and SHUTTER MONITOR Signals Cables Detector-Controller: 1 MHz or 100kHz/1MHz systems. The standard 10' cable has DB-25 Male connectors with slide-latch locking hardware.
Chapter 9 System Component Descriptions 87 driven and can give higher performance in some situations. PCI(Timer) allows data transfer to be controlled by a polling timer. Application Software The Princeton Instruments WinView/32 software package provides comprehensive image acquisition, display, processing, and archiving functions so you can perform complete data acquisition and analysis without having to rely upon third-party software.
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Chapter 10 Troubleshooting WARNING! Do not attach or remove any cables while the MicroMAX system is powered on. Introduction The following issues have corresponding troubleshooting sections in this chapter.
MicroMAX System User Manual 1. As shown in Figure 47, place the flat side of a flat bladed screwdriver parallel to the rear of the Controller and behind the small tab at the top of the power input module, and twist the screwdriver slowly but firmly to pop the module open. Version 4.A 50-60Hz 300 W MAX. FUSES: LEFT: RIGHT: 100 - 120V ~ 0.75A - T 2.50A - T 220 - 240 V ~ 0.30A - T 1.25 A - T Voltage Ranges Required Fuses 50-60Hz 300 W MAX. FUSES: LEFT: RIGHT: 100 - 120V ~ 0.75A - T 2.
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting 91 interface component selected: "PCI Interface" or "ISA Interface", depending on the interface card type. Be sure to deselect the interface component that does not apply to your system. Note: WinView/32 (versions 2.5.0 and higher) do not support the ISA interface. Cooling Troubleshooting Temperature Lock cannot be Achieved or Maintained. Possible causes could include: The vacuum has deteriorated and needs to be refreshed.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A WARNING! Do not open the vacuum valve under any circumstances. Opening the vacuum valve will void your warranty. Detector Stops Working Problems with the host computer system or software may have side effects that appear to be hardware problems. If you are sure the problem is in the MicroMAX system hardware, begin with these simple checks: Turn off all AC power. Verify that all cables are securely fastened and that all locking screws are in place.
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting 93 conflict occurs, because the user has no control over the PCI address and interrupt assignments, there will be no recourse but to examine the .ISA assignments and change them to values which do not conflict. Most (but by no means all) ISA cards make provision for selecting alternative I/O addresses and interrupt levels so that conflicts can be resolved. Software is available to help identify specific conflicts. The following example may serve to illustrate the problem.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A address and interrupt assignments for each PCI device in the computer. One such program available from Roper Scientific's Technical Support department is called PCICHECK. When the program is run, it reports the address and interrupt assignments for the first PCI device it finds. Each time the spacebar is pressed, it moves on to the next one and reports the address and interrupt assignments for that one as well.
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting 95 Removing/Installing a Plug-In Module The ST-133 Controller has three plug-in slots. The Analog/Control module (leftmost slot when the controller is viewed from the rear) and the Interface Control module (middle slot) are always provided. The third slot, however, is always covered with a blank panel. If a module is ever removed for any reason, internal settings should not be disturbed. Changing a setting could radically alter the controller’s performance.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A To Install a Module: Installing a module is a bit more complex because you first have to be sure the locking screws are aligned correctly. The following procedure is suggested. 1. Rotate the two locking screws counterclockwise until the threads on the screws engage those of the module panel. See Figure 49. By doing this, the screws will be perfectly perpendicular to the module panel and will align perfectly when the module is inserted. 2.
Appendix A Specifications CCD Arrays Spectral Range Typically: 370-900 for MicroMAX:512BFT and 1024B 400-1000 for MicroMAX:782Y, 782YHS 300-1080 for MicroMAX:1300Y, 1300YHS, and 1300YHS-DIF Types The following list is not necessarily current. Other chips may also be available. Contact the factory for up-to-date information.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Range: At 25 ambient, the MicroMAX camera will typically lock to: -15 C with passive cooling and with the camera under vacuum. -30 C with the accessory fan installed and under vacuum. Time to Lock: At 25 ambient, <10 minutes (typical) to temperature lock at -15 C Control Precision: 0.050 C over entire temperature range Cooling Passive: CCD array cooled by Peltier device. Heat is radiated away by cooling fins on body of the round head camera.
Appendix A Specifications 99 Inputs EXT SYNC: TTL input (BNC) to allow data acquisition to be synchronized with external events. Sense can be positive or negative going as set in software. Synchronization and Trigger Modes are discussed in Chapter 5. Outputs VIDEO: 1 V pk-pk from 75 , BNC connector. Either RS-170 (EIA) or CCIR standard video as specified when system was ordered. Requires connection via 75 cable that must be terminated into 75 . : TTL output (BNC) for monitoring camera status.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Operating System: Windows 95 or NT for WinView/32. Windows 3.1 required for 16 bit versions of WinView. Interface: PCI High-Speed Serial I/O card is standard. Other types may be available. Contact factory for information. Note: Macintosh II support may be available. Contact factory for details. Miscellaneous Dimensions: See Appendix A. Camera Weight: Round Head: 3 lb max (1.58 kg) for C-mount; 3.5 lb (1.35 kg) max for F-mount, Rectangular Head: 7 lb (3.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 13.63 8.75 5. 25 Figure 50.
7.05 6.16 4.63 Version 4.A 2.11 C-MOUNT (1.00-32 THREAD) 0.720 CCD MicroMAX System User Manual 0.000 MOUNTING SURFACE 102 4.63 0.500 COOLING AIR INLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES OPTIONAL TRIPOD MOUNT KIT (2550-0312) COOLING AIR OUTLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES GAIN SWITCH ACCESS DB-25 MALE TO CONTROLLER 2.41 2.25 3.16 ALLOW 1.5” FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTION 1.14 1.54 Figure 51.
Outline Drawings 103 8.18 1.849 CCD F-MOUNT (2 3/8” - 20 THREAD NIKON ADAPTER SHOWN 0.000 Appendix B 4.63 4.63 0.50 COOLING AIR INLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES COOLING AIR OUTLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES OPTIONAL TRIPOD MOUNT KIT (2550-0312) GAIN SWITCH ACCESS DB-25 MALE TO CONTROLLER 3.16 1.14 1.54 Figure 52.
SECTION A A HOUSING 2.49 2.19 “C” MOUNT ADAPTER W/ SHUTTER CCD 0.00 QUARTZ WINDOW INNER NOSE 2.49 A 8 HOLES, TAPPED 4–40 X 0.25 DP, EQ. SP. @ 45° ON 4.100 B.C. A 4 00 5. 1.41 0.00 “C” MOUNT TAPPED 1.00–32 UNEF 2B THRU 0.00 0.00 VACUUM PORT 2.19 0.00 0.75 25 PIN CONNECTOR 0.75 Note: All dimensions are in inches 1.53 0.90 0.30 0.00 1/4–20 X 3/8 MTG. (4 PLACES) 104 MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Figure 53.
HOUSING SECTION A A 2.49 2.19 “C” MOUNT ADAPTER CCD 0.00 QUARTZ WINDOW INNER NOSE 2.49 A 8 HOLES, TAPPED 4–40 X 0.25 DP, EQ. SP. @ 45° ON 4.100 B.C. A 4 00 5. Figure 54. 5 MHz Round Head Camera: C-Mount Adapter 1.41 0.00 “C” MOUNT TAPPED 1.00–32 UNEF 2B THRU 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75 40 PIN CONNECTOR 0.75 15 PIN CONNECTOR Note: All dimensions are in inches 1.53 0.66 0.14 0.00 1.58 AIR FLOW 1/4–20 X 3/8 MTG, (4 PLACES) 3.12 3.30 VACUUM PORT 2.19 Appendix B Outline Drawings 105 1.
0.90 1.83 (FOCAL PLANE) SECTION A A HOUSING 2.49 CCD 0.00 QUARTZ WINDOW 2.19 INNER NOSE 2.49 A .50 52 0 .0 45 Figure 55. 1 MHz Round Head Camera: F-Mount Adapter 2.18 0.00 “F” MOUNT ADAPTER (2 3/8"-20 THREAD NIKON ADAPTER SHOWN) 0.00 75.00 0.00 VACUUM PORT 8 HOLES, TAPPED 4–40 X 0.25 DP, EQ. SP. @ 45° ON 4.100 B.C. A 2.19 0.75 25 PIN CONNECTOR 0.00 3.89 4.07 Note: All dimensions are in inches 1.53 0.90 0.30 0.00 1/4–20 X 3/8 MTG.
Appendix C Kinetics Mode Introduction Kinetics mode uses the CCD to expose and store a limited number of images in rapid succession. The time it takes to shift each line (or row) on the CCD is as short as a few hundred nanoseconds to few microseconds, depending on the CCD. Therefore the time between images can be as short as a few microseconds. Kinetics mode allows frame transfer CCDs to take time-resolved images/spectra.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Kinetic Timing Modes Kinetics mode operates with three timing modes: Free Run, Single Trigger, and Multiple Trigger. Figure 57. Hardware Setup dialog box Figure 58. Experiment Setup dialog box Free Run In the Free Run Kinetics mode, the controller takes a series of images, each with the Exposure time set through the software (in WinView32, the exposure time is set on the Experiment Setup|Main tab page).
Appendix C Kinetics Mode START ACQUIRE 109 START ACQUIRE command from the software issent automatically when ACQUIRE or FOCUS is clicked on in the software. Exposure Shutter Monitor Signal Shift Not SCAN Signal Shutter opening time Shutter closing time Readout Figure 59. Free Run Timing Diagram Single Trigger Single Trigger Kinetics mode takes an entire series of images with each External Trigger Pulse (applied at the Ext. Sync BNC on the control board of ST133).
MicroMAX System User Manual START ACQUIRE Version 4.A START ACQUIRE command from the software issent automatically when ACQUIRE or FOCUS is clicked on in the software. External Triggers Exposure Shutter Monitor Signal Shift Not SCAN Signal Shutter opening time Figure 61.
Appendix D Virtual Chip Mode Introduction Virtual Chip mode (a WinView/32 option) is a special fast-acquisition technique that allows frame rates in excess of 100 fps to be obtained. For the Virtual Chip selection to be present, it is necessary that: the system be a 1 MHz MicroMAX, that the camera have a frame transfer chip (MicroMAX:512BFT) and, that the file Wxvchip.opt be present in the same directory as the executable WinView/32 program.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A The table below shows the minimum exposure time per frame (msec/Frame) and the number of frames per second (FPS) for several ROIs. Note that these numbers are provided for the 1 MHz and the 100 kHz readout rates. 1 MHz 100 kHz ROI (msec/Frame) (FPS) (msec/Frame) (FPS) 164 x 164 29.8 33.6 287 3.5 96 x 96 10.9 91.7 102 9.8 84 x 84 8.65 115 79.8 12.5 64 x 64 5.26 190 47.6 21.0 56 x 56 4.22 237 37.4 36.7 47 x 47 3.08 324 26.9 37.
Appendix D Virtual Chip Mode 113 Assumptions: You are familiar with the WinView/32 software and have read the hardware manuals. Masking is for a 47x47 pixel Virtual Chip with its origin at 1,1. System Connection Diagram: Detector-Controller TAXI cable (Serial Com) 110/220 Camera Detector Serial 110/220 Controller Microscope Computer EXPERIMENT Figure 63. System Diagram Procedure: 1. Verify that the power is OFF for ALL system components (including the host computer). 2.
MicroMAX System User Manual Shutter Type: None LOGIC OUT Output: Shutter Readout Mode: Frame Transfer Version 4.A Interface tab card Type: the appropriate interface card. For this procedure, the selection is High Speed PCI. Cleans/Skips tab card Number of Cleans: 1 Number of Strips per Clean: 512 Minimum Block Size: 2 Number of Blocks: 5 9. From the Acquisition menu, select Experiment Setup and enter the following settings: Main tab card Exposure Time: Enter a value.
Appendix D Virtual Chip Mode 115 11. Click on the Load Default Values button. This enters the default ROI values. These values are: Start pixels of 1,1; End pixels based on the Chip Y and Chip X dimensions; and Groups of 1. Region of Interest: The settings below assume a 47x47 pixel ROI (i.e., the entire virtual chip). An ROI that is a subset of the virtual chip can be defined.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Experimental Timing Triggering can be achieved through the software via the Software Trigger timing mode (selectable on the Experiment Setup dialog box, Timing Mode tab page) or it can be achieved via the Ext Sync input on the rear of the camera. Triggering from the Ext Sync input allows you to acquire a single image per TTL pulse.
Appendix D Virtual Chip Mode 117 Load Default Values: Fills in the region of interest X and Y End values based on the Chip X and Y Dimension entries. By default, the ROI origin is at 1,1 and the Group values are both 1. Download Virtual Chip Definition: Sends the virtual chip parameter values to the controller’s non-volatile memory. If a virtual chip definition is already stored there, you will be given an overwrite warning.
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Appendix E Repumping the Vacuum Introduction Round head cameras are normally shipped with a vacuum level of ~10 mTorr or better to assure proper cooling performance and to prevent condensation from collecting on the CCD. This condensation obscures or interferes with optical signals, and can leave behind harmful contaminants. In time, the vacuum level could deteriorate to where achieving temperature lock will no longer be possible.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Figure 65. Vacuum Connector Required for Pumping Phillips screwdriver and a 3/16" nut driver, required to remove the back plate from the camera. Vacuum Pumpdown Procedure The instructions that follow are for a 1 MHz or 100kHz/1 MHz round head camera only. Contact the factory if you have a 5 MHz round head camera that you think may need to be repumped 1. Remove the back cover of the camera (see Figure 66).
Appendix E Repumping the Vacuum 121 7. Remove the vacuum system from the Vacuum Connector. While turning the top knob counterclockwise, remove the Vacuum Connector from the camera. Replace the back cover. Figure 67. Attaching the Vacuum Connector Figure 68.
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Warranty & Service Limited Warranty: Roper Scientific Analytical Instrumentation Roper Scientific, Inc. makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser only and no other purchaser or transferee. Limited One (1) Year Warranty Roper Scientific warrants this product against defects in materials or workmanship for a period 1 year after the date of original invoice.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 4.A Photocathode burn damage (which carries no warranty expressed or implied), all imageintensified products for a period of 1 year after the date of the original invoice. See the Limited One (1) year warranty terms and conditions above.
Warranty & Service 125 6. Unless specified as part of the original purchase agreement, Roper Scientific is not responsible for installation, setup, or disassembly at the customer’s location. 7.
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Index #-B 64-pin DIN connector 82, 96 A/D converters dual 62 specifications 99 AC power requirements 18 Actual exposure time 43, 46 Air-circulation requirement 81 Analog channels 62 Analog/Control module 82, 83 Applications 11 Back-filled 119 Background DC level 52 Background subtraction 40 Back-plane 82 Baseline signal 28, 52 ST-133 zero adjustment 84 Binning computer memory burden 60 hardware 59, 61 restrictions due to well capacity 62 readout time 60 resolution loss 60 software 62 effect on S/N ratio 62
MicroMAX System User Manual C-type lens mount 19 Version 4.
Index 129 Image intensifier 51 Imaging field of view 29 Interface card driver installation 24 PCI 24 High Speed PCI 24 PCI(Timer) 24 troubleshooting 92 Interface Control module 82, 83 Interline CCDs 46 smearing 52 Interrupt conflicts 92 IR CCD sensitivity to 23 IR blockers 23 ISA interface card driver installation 90 I/O address, DMA channel, and interrupt level 93 installation 25 Latency 42 LCI 51 Lens Coupled Intensifier (LCI) 51 Lens mount housing 80 Lens mounting 19 Lenses installation and removal 19 L
MicroMAX System User Manual Procedures familiarization and checkout 32 First images 32 line voltage selection and line fuse 89 plug-in module installation/removal 96 vacuum pumpdown 120 Programmable Interface connector 75 Programmable TTL interface connector 84 Quantum efficiency 20 Readout binning 59, 61 hardware 59, 61 digitization 62 frame transfer 55 rate 62 subsection of array 54, 58, 59 Readout rate control of 62 precision vs speed tradeoff 62 Readout time 38 Readout times (full frame) for severa
Index 131 Timing modes (cont.) DIF camera table of Trap, vacuum Trinocular mount microscopes TTL In/Out connector TTL IN/OUT pin assignments 66 37 119 20 84 75 U-V UV scintillator Vacuum deterioration level required pumpdown connector Vacuum repumping required equipment lab-type vacuum pump trap to prevent contaminant backstreaming VCR Video Focus mode Video output constraints on during data acquisition focusing Virtual Chip mode setup software option Wxvchip.
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