4411-0087 Version 2.
Copyright 2002 Roper Scientific, Inc. 3660 Quakerbridge Rd Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 609-587-9797 FAX: 609-587-1970 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of Roper Scientific, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. IPLab is a trademark of Scanalytics, Inc. Logitech is a registered trademark of Logitech. Mac and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Table of Contents Manual Overview ..................................................................................................7 Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual ................................................................... 8 Chapter 1 Description ..........................................................................................9 Introduction.........................................................................................................................
iv ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout.....................................................................51 Exposure ........................................................................................................................... 51 Readout of the Array ........................................................................................................ 54 Digitization .................................................................................
Table of Contents v Appendix H DIF Camera (Double Image Feature)............................................93 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 93 Timing Modes................................................................................................................... 94 Tips and Tricks ...............................................................................................................
vi ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Version 2.H Frame Transfer readout ..................................................................................
Manual Overview Chapter 1, Description provides an overview of the ST-133 or ST-133A Controller and Camera. Chapter 2, Getting Started discusses introductory topics such as unpacking, equipment inventory, grounding and power requirements. It also includes detailed descriptions of the controller and camera features, together with information on mounting the camera and lens. Chapter 3, First Light provides a step-by-step procedure for placing the system in operation the first time.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Safety Related Symbols Used in This Manual Caution! The use of this symbol on equipment indicates that one or more nearby items should not be operated without first consulting the manual. The same symbol appears in the manual adjacent to the text that discusses the hardware item(s) in question.
Chapter 1 Description Introduction Overview: The Model ST-133 or ST-133A is a compact, high performance CCD Camera Controller for operation with Princeton Instruments* cameras. Designed for high speed and high performance image acquisition, the controller offers data transfer at speeds up to 1 megapixel per second, standard video output for focusing and alignment and a wide selection of A/D converters to meet a variety of different speed and resolution requirements.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H tested without having to digitize all the pixels of the array. Completely flexible exposure, set through software, is also fully supported. High Speed Data Transfer: Data is transferred directly to the host computer memory via a high-speed serial link. A frame buffer with standard composite video, either RS-170 (EIA) or CCIR, whichever was ordered, is also provided.
Chapter 2 Getting Started Introduction This chapter will help you get off to a good start with your ST-133 or ST-133A Controller. In addition to descriptions of such basics as unpacking and grounding safety, the chapter includes discussions of the requirements that have to be met before the camera can be switched on. Included are environmental, power, computer, and software requirements.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual • Version 2.H System Dependent Interface Components: Note: For convenience, in the following operating-procedure discussions, this manual refers to a Pentium™ PC equipped with a PCI high-speed interface card and using WinView/32 software. Nevertheless, the manual does apply as well to operation with other computers and software. Interface components, as follows, could be required.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 13 care to maintain the proper polarity to protect the equipment and assure user safety. EXT. TRIG. IN EXT. TRIG. IN PRE. TRIG. IN PRE. TRIG. IN T0 T0 SHUTTER CONTROL SHUTTER CONTROL TIMING GEN. TIMING GEN. REMOTE SETTING REMOTE SETTING 50-60Hz 300 W MAX. FUSES: LEFT: RIGHT: 100 - 120V ~ 0.75A - T 2.50A - T 220 - 240 V ~ 0.30A - T 1.25 A - T 300 W MAX. 50-60Hz FUSES: LEFT: RIGHT: 100 - 120V ~ 0.75A - T 2.50A - T 220 - 240 V ~ 0.30A - T 1.25 A - T AUX. TRIG.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H 3. Confirm the fuse ratings by removing the white fuse holders. To do so, simply insert the flat blade of the screwdriver behind the front tab of each fuse holder and gently pry the assembly out. 4. After inspecting and if necessary, changing the fuses, reinstall the holders with the arrow facing to the right. 5. Close the power module and verify that the correct voltage setting is displayed.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 15 Controller Features Front Panel POWER Switch and Indicator: The power switch, which is located on the front panel as shown in Figure 2 (left), interrupts both sides of the controller’s AC power input. The switch’s indicator LED lights whenever the ST-133 or ST-133A is powered. Note that, when the power switch is actuated, there is a short delay before the indicator lights. This is normal and in no way indicative of a malfunction. EXT. TRIG. IN PRE. TRIG.
WARNING! ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H If the camera is equipped with an internal shutter, then the Shutter Power connector should not be used to drive an external (second) shutter. This configuration will result in under-powering both shutters and may cause damage to the system. In a system that requires both an internal and an external shutter, use the TTL Shutter Monitor signal, provided as the default output at the connector, to control the external shutter.
Chapter 2 WARNING Getting Started 17 An incorrect setting may cause the shutter to malfunction or be damaged. Cameras having a 35 mm shutter, such as an NTE having the 1340 × 1300 CCD, must be used with an ST-133 or ST-133A having the 70 V shutter option installed (indicated on the back panel as shown in Figure 3).
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H TEMP LOCK LED: This lights to indicate that the temperature control loop has locked and that the temperature of the CCD array will be stable to within ± 0.05°C. The actual lower temperature limit that can be achieved will depend on a number of factors, including the laboratory temperature, and on whether the optional fan accessory has been installed. Note: There is provision in the hardware for reading out the array temperature at the computer.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 19 In the case of an RTE/CCD-1317-K (1317×1035), the number of array pixels far exceeds the number of monitor pixels and mapping must be considered more carefully. WinView/32 software’s Video Focus mode (accessed from the Acquisition Menu) provides a Pan function that allows any one of nine different subsets of the array image to be selected for viewing on the video monitor with only a single-frame delay. An associated zoom function provides 1x, 2x, or 4x viewing.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H EXT SYNC BNC connector: This TTL input, which has a 10 kΩ pullup resistor, allows data acquisition and readout to be synchronized with external events. In the External Sync mode, readout is initiated when the signal (typically a pulser trigger output) applied to the Ext Sync connector is detected. Through software you can select either positive or negative edge triggering (default = negative). See Chapter 5, Timing Modes for detailed information.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 21 tc Scan texp tR Shutter texp = Exposure Time tR = Readout Time tc = Shutter Compensation Time Figure 6. and SHUTTER MONITOR signals Note: In frame-transfer operation, where the exposure cycle and readout cycle overlap, the timing changes as discussed in Chapter 5 and the system would not ordinarily include an operating shutter. When the ST-133 or ST-133A is controlling a Princeton Instruments intensified camera*, SHUTTER MONITOR has other functions.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H F and S Zero adjustments: These 10-turn potentiometers control the offset values of the Fast (F) and Slow (S) A/D converters. The offset is a voltage that is added to the signal to bring the A/D output to a non-zero value, typically 50-100 counts. This offset value ensures that all the true variation in the signal can really be seen and not lost below the A/D “0” value.
Chapter 2 Getting Started 23 TTL IN/OUT connector: This 25-pin connector (type DB25) provides a programmable interface. There are eight input bits and eight output bits that can be written to or polled to provide additional control or functionality. For the IN lines, a bit can be set to the buffered state, resulting in a real-time sample or it can be set to the latched state, where the signal is maintained once set.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Aux. Trig. Out: Ac coupled variable delay trigger output for synchronizing other system components with PTG. The host software sets the Delay Time of the auxiliary trigger output with respect to the PTG trigger time. This output does not need to be connected to PI-MAX. Trig. Indicator: LED trigger indicator. 100 ms flash is produced each time the PTG triggers. With repetition rates faster than 10 Hz, indicator glows continuously.
Chapter 2 Getting Started Summary This completes Getting Started. You should now have a reasonable understanding of how the controller hardware is used. Other topics, which could be quite important in certain situations, are discussed in the following chapters. See the appropriate application software manual for information on using the software to control the controller.
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Chapter 3 First Light Note: The instructions in this chapter are for an ST-133 or ST-133A operated with a series TE or RTE camera. They do not apply to the PI-MAX or LN/CCD. See the PI-MAX manual (formerly the ICCD-MAX manual) for detailed information regarding that camera. In the case of an LN/CCD detector, Dewar and liquid nitrogen considerations make placing the system in operation more complex.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H To carry out this procedure, it will be necessary to have a basic grasp of the applications software. Refer to your software manual for the required information. WARNING Before You Start, if your system includes a microscope Xenon or Hg arc lamp, it is CRITICAL to turn off all electronics adjacent to the arc lamp, especially your digital camera system and your computer hardware (monitors included) before turning on the lamp power.
Chapter 3 First Light 110/220 29 Detector-Controller Inlet TAXI cable (Serial Com) Shutter 110/220 Coolant Camera Circulator Outlet Detector Serial 110/220 Controller Computer EXPERIMENT Figure 8. System, TE camera connection diagram 3. In the case of a TE series camera, connect a source of liquid coolant. For purposes of these checks, ordinary tap water will be fine.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H 9. Begin data collection by selecting RUN on the Interactive Camera Operation dialog box. The shutter, if present, will open and successive images will be sent to the monitor as quickly as they are acquired, giving as close to continuous video as possible. Note: Because the time to acquire and read out an image varies directly with the size of the CCD, the observed frame rate will vary greatly depending on the CCD installed.
Chapter 3 First Light 31 has been properly installed. See your detector and spectrograph manual for mounting instructions. A suitable light source, such as a mercury pen-ray lamp, should be mounted in front of the entrance slit of the spectrograph. Any light source with line output can be used. Standard fluorescent overhead lamps have good calibration lines as well. If there are no “line” sources available, it is possible to use a broadband source such as tungsten for the alignment.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Getting Started 1. Set the spectrometer entrance slit width to minimum (10 µm if possible). 2. Turn on the controller power. Note: The detector overload alarm may sound briefly and then stop. This is normal and is not a cause for concern. However, if the alarm sounds continuously, even with no light entering the spectrograph, something is wrong. Turn off the power and contact the factory for guidance. 3. Turn on the computer power. 4.
Chapter 3 First Light 33 Interface tab page (Setup Hardware): High Speed PCI Cleans and Skips tab page (Setup Hardware): Default Experiment Setup Main tab page • Exposure Time: 10 ms • Accumulations & Number of Images: 1 Experiment Setup Timing tab page • Timing Mode: Free Run • Shutter Control: Normal • Safe Mode vs. Full Speed: Safe (Asynchronous) Focusing The detector mounting hardware provides two degrees of freedom, focus and rotation.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H • Short focal-length spectrographs: There is generally a focusing mechanism on the spectrograph itself which, when adjusted, will move the optics as required to achieve proper focus. • No focusing adjustment: If there is no focusing adjustment, either provided by the spectrograph or by the mounting hardware, then the only recourse will be to adjust the spectrograph’s focusing mirror. 5. Next adjust the rotation.
Chapter 4 Temperature Control Introduction Temperature control is done via software. Once the desired array temperature has been set, the hardware controls the thermoelectric cooling circuits in the camera so as to reduce the array temperature to the set value. On reaching that temperature, the control loop locks to the set temperature for stable and reproducible performance.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Cooling (TE, RTE, PI-MAX) These cameras are ordinarily equipped with a multi-stage Peltier type cooler that is thermally coupled to the CCD. This device uses injected current to draw heat away from the CCD surface. The heat is sequentially transferred through the Peltier stages and from there to the outer shell of the camera via a heat transfer block. The method used to remove the heat from the camera depends on the camera type.
Chapter 4 Temperature Control 37 Cooling and Vacuum Many cameras incorporate a vacuum chamber for enhanced cooling performance. With time, there can be a gradual deterioration of the camera’s vacuum. This is turn may eventually affect temperature performance to where it may no longer be possible to achieve temperature lock at the lowest temperatures.
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Chapter 5 Timing Modes The Princeton Instruments ST-133 or ST-133A Controller has been designed to allow the greatest possible flexibility when synchronizing data collection with an experiment. The chart below lists the timing mode combinations. Use this chart in combination with the detailed descriptions in this chapter to determine the optimal timing configuration.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H external shutters and filter wheels. As seen in Figure 10, in Safe Mode operation, the computer controls when each frame is taken. After each frame is received, the camera sends the Stop Acquisition command to the camera, instructing it to stop acquisition. Once that frame is completely processed and displayed, another Start Acquisition command is sent from the computer to the camera, allowing it to take the next frame.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 41 Safe Mode (Asynchronous) Full Speed Mode (Synchronous) Start Start Computer programs camera with exposure and binning parameters Computer programs camera with exposure and binning parameters STARTACQ issued from computer to camera STARTACQ issued from computer to camera Cleans performed Cleans performed 1 frame collected as per timing mode 1 frame collected as per timing mode STOPACQ issued from computer to camera Background or flatfield on? No Yes Background or
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Free Run timing In the Free Run mode the controller does not synchronize with the experiment in any way. The shutter opens as soon as the previous readout is complete, and remains open for the exposure time, texp. Any External Sync signals are ignored. This mode is useful for experiments with a constant light source, such as a CW laser or a DC lamp.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 43 In the PreOpen Shutter mode, on the other hand, shutter operation is only partially synchronized to the experiment. As soon as the controller is ready to collect data, the shutter opens. Upon arrival of the first External Sync pulse at the ST-133 or ST-133A, the shutter remains open for the specified exposure period, closes, and the CCD is read out. As soon as readout is complete, the shutter reopens and waits for the next frame.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Shutter (Normal) Shutter (Preopen) Open Open Close Close Open Open Read SCAN Version 2.H Close Open Open Close Read Close Close Read External Sync (negative polarity shown) tw1 tc texp First wait and exposure tR Data stored Second wait and exposure Data stored Third wait and exposure Data stored Figure 14.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 45 shifted midway when the External Sync pulse arrives, the pulse is saved until the row shifting is completed, to prevent the CCD from getting “out of step.” As expected, the response latency is on the order of one vertical shift time, from 1-30 µsec depending on the array. This latency does not prevent the incoming signal from being detected, since photo generated electrons are still collected over the entire active area.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H the storage half occurs very quickly at the start of each read. During the read, the stored data is shifted to the array’s output port, the same as in standard operation. In Free Run frame-transfer mode operation, half the array is exposed for the set exposure time (texp). Then the data transfer to the storage half of the array takes place, marking the start of the read and the beginning of a new exposure.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 47 periodic. The timing of the External Sync pulse is entirely at the user’s discretion. In Figure 19, the External Sync pulse is shown arriving after the read. Detection of the External Sync pulse enables a new readout to occur on completion texp + tc. texp Shutter Monitor actual exposure time tR tR SCAN tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) tw1 tR tc cleans acquisition Figure 18.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual A1 B1 C1 Version 2.H A1 B1 C1 D1 A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 A4 B4 C4 D4 D1 1 2 A2 B2 C2 3 D2 Expose Shift Expose A1 B1 C1 D1 A1 B1 C1 D1 A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A2 B2 C2 D2 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 A3 B3 C3 D3 A3 B3 C3 D3 A4 B4 C4 D4 A4 B4 C4 D4 A4 B4 C4 D4 A5 B5 C5 D5 A5 B5 C5 D5 A6 B6 C6 D6 A6 B6 D6 D6 4 5 Shift 6 Expose Readout Figure 20.
Chapter 5 Timing Modes 49 Free Run In the Free Run Kinetics mode, the controller takes a series of images, each with the Exposure time set through the software (in WinView32, the exposure time is set on the Experiment Setup|Main tab page).
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Multiple Trigger Multiple Trigger Kinetics mode takes a single image in the series for each External Sync pulse received by the controller. Once the series is complete the shutter closes and readout begins. Since the shutter is open during the entire series of images, if the External Sync pulses are irregularly spaced then the exposures will be of different lengths. Once the series has been read out the detector is ready for the next series.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout Before each image from the CCD array appears on the computer screen, it must first be read, digitized, and transferred to the computer. Figure 26 is a block diagram of the image-signal path. Incoming photons Camera Controller Up/down integrator CCD Slow A/D Fast A/D Preamp Digital processor Video display Cable driver HS serial interface Computer HS serial buffer board Display Storage Figure 26.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H CCD arrays perform three essential functions: photons are transduced to electrons, integrated and stored, and finally read out. CCDs are very compact and rugged. Unintensified, uncoated CCDs can withstand direct exposure to relatively high light levels, magnetic fields and RF radiation. They are easily cooled and can be precisely thermostated to within a few tens of millidegrees.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 53 The exposure programmed by software in this case refers to duration of gating of the intensifier. For shorter exposures, a Princeton Instruments pulser is required. The MCP (microchannel plate) of the intensifier is composed of more than 106 individual miniature electron multipliers with an excellent input to output spatial geometric accuracy. Intensifier gain is varied by adjusting the voltage across the MCP or the voltage across the MCP output and the phosphor.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H signal or the loss of dynamic range due to the buildup of dark charge in the pixels (see below). Dark Charge Dark charge (or dark current) is the thermally induced buildup of charge in the CCD over time. The statistical noise associated with this charge is known as dark noise. Dark charge values vary widely from one CCD array to another and are exponentially temperature dependent.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 55 Readout of the CCD begins with the simultaneous shifting of all pixels one column toward the “shift register,” in this case the column on the far right. The shift register is a single line of pixels along one side of the CCD, not sensitive to light and used for readout only. Typically the shift register pixels hold twice as much charge as the pixels in the imaging area of the CCD.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H where Nx is the smaller dimension of the CCD Ny is the larger dimension of the CCD tsr is the time needed to shift one pixel out of the shift register tv is the time needed to digitize a pixel ti is the time needed to shift one line into the shift register ts is the time needed to discard a pixel The readout times for a number of different CCD arrays are provided in Table 4 below. CCD Array 1 MHz Readout Time (tR) EEV CCD-37 512 x 512 0.28 sec.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 1 A1 B1 + + + A2 B2 57 A1 B1 C1 + + + D1 + A2 B2 C2 D2 A1 B1 C1 D1 A3 B3 C3 D3 A2 B2 C2 D2 A4 B4 C4 D4 A3 B3 C3 D3 A5 B5 C5 D5 A4 B4 C4 D4 A6 B6 C6 D6 A5 B5 C5 D5 A6 B6 C6 D6 C1 D1 + + C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3 A3 B3 C3 D3 A4 B4 C4 D4 A4 B4 C4 D4 A5 B5 C5 D5 A5 B5 C5 D5 A6 B6 C6 D6 A6 B6 C6 D6 2 C1 D1 + + + C2 3 D2 4 Figure 29.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Binning in Software One limitation of hardware binning is that the shift register pixels and the output node are typically only 2-3 times the size of imaging pixels as shown in Table 5. Consequently, if the total charge binned together exceeds the capacity of the shift register or output node, the data will be lost.
Chapter 6 Exposure and Readout 1 Charge accumulates in unmasked cells during exposure. 2 Accumulated charge in exposed cells is quickly transferred under mask. 59 3 Charge from cells A1-D1 shifted to serial register. Exposed cells accumulate new charge.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Although slowing the readout speed of a high-speed A/D converter gives some improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, a fast A/D converter will always be noisier than one designed for optimum noise performance. The ST-133 or ST-133A controller can be provided with two analog converters, one optimized for high speed, the other for high precision, as a solution to this problem.
Appendix A Specifications CCD Arrays Spectral Range 400-1080 nm; 190-1080 nm with UV-to-visible coating on the CCD Types The ST-133 or ST-133A can be operated with many different Princeton Instruments cameras, each of which is available with a variety of different CCD chips as specified at the time of order. Contact the factory for up-to-date information on the performance characteristics of the array installed in your particular camera.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Outputs Note: See Appendix B, PTG Module, for information about the PTG connectors. VIDEO: 1 V pk-pk from 75 Ω, BNC connector. Either RS-170 (EIA) or CCIR standard video as specified when system was ordered. Requires connection via 75 Ω cable that must be terminated into 75 Ω. : TTL output (BNC) for monitoring camera status. TTL low when CCD is being read; otherwise high.
Appendix A Specifications 63 Shutter Compensation Time The following numbers apply for a 1 MHz ST-133. Shutter Exposure Vincent (small) 8.0 msec Prontor 40 (large) 28.0 msec Prontor 23 (external) 8.0 msec Intensified (electronic) 6.0 msec NONE 200 nsec Computer Requirements The ST-133 or ST-133A is most commonly used with a Pentium computer configured as follows. Type: Any Pentium (or better) PC having a free slot for the Serial Buffer card (PCI is standard; other types may be available).
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Appendix B PTG Module Description The Princeton Instruments Programmable Timing Generator (PTG) is a plug-in module designed for operation in the ST-133A Controller. Incorporating the Timing Generator into the Controller in this manner allows pulsed operation of the PI-MAX *Intensified Camera in pulsed measurements without the inconvenience and expense of a separate timing generator.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Specifications Back panel I/O Pre-Trigger Input: BNC (10 kΩ impedance), TTL level used only to start a bracket pulse. External Trigger Input: BNC, fully configurable trigger input (see Trigger specifications below). T0 Output (Selected Trigger Output): BNC, TTL level, output of trigger selector. If burst pulsing is turned Off, the T0 Output is asserted after either an External or an Internal trigger and a pulse ensemble is then produced.
Appendix B PTG Module 67 Operating modes Continuous: Pulse Width and Pulse Delay remain constant over the course of the measurement for all triggers. Sequential: Pulse Width, Pulse Delay, or both change as the measurement progresses. Fixed: Incremental change in Pulse Width and/or Pulse Delay is constant for each trigger. Exponential: Incremental change in Pulse Width and/or Pulse Delay varies with each trigger; well suited to fluorescence decay experiments.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Timing Trigger gate start delay: minimum: 24 ns maximum: 20 ms* resolution: 0.04 ns Gate Pulse width: minimum: 0.0 ns maximum: 20 ms* resolution: 0.04 ns Trigger to Auxiliary delay: minimum: 24 ns maximum: 10 ms resolution: 0.04 ns * start delay + gate width = 20 ms maximum Version 2.
Appendix B PTG Module 69 Operation Introduction Operation of the PTG module is quite simple. Most of the functions are performed automatically through the backplane and the parameters are set via the Pulser Setup screens of the host software (WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, version 2.4 and higher). Operated in the External Trigger mode, a trigger is applied to the Ext. Trig. In connector. No other connections to the PTG’s BNC connectors are required.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H 2. Experiment Setup Timing tab page: Select Internal Sync Timing Mode, deselect the Continuous Cleans check box, select Disabled Opened for the Shutter Control, and select the PreOpen check box. It is not necessary to connect a signal to the ST-133A’s Ext Sync BNC connector.
Appendix B PTG Module 71 3. On the Setup menu select Pulsers to open the Pulsers dialog box. 4. Select PTG. Then click on the Setup Pulser button. The PTG dialog box (Figure 35) will open. If PTG is grayed out on the Pulsers dialog box, PTG support has not been installed. Figure 36. Pulsers dialog box Figure 35. PTG dialog box Triggers and Gating Setup The remainder of the setup information is detailed in the PTG manual.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Repetitive-Sequential 2: The Trigger is repetitive and Gate Width and Delay are varied over the course of the measurement. Gate Width and Delay can be incremented in a linear fashion or in an exponential fashion. Increasing the Gate Width is useful for trying to find fine detail in a weak decaying signal. If you choose linear, you have to take a lot more points.
Appendix C TTL Control Introduction This connector provides 8 TTL lines in, 8 TTL lines out and an input control line. Figure 38 illustrates the connector and lists the signal/pin assignments. Princeton Instrument’s WinView/32 and WinSpec/32 software packages incorporate WinX32 Automation, a programming language that can be used to automate performing a variety of data acquisition and data processing functions, including use of the TTL IN/OUT functions.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Table 6 illustrates this coding for decimal values 0 through 7. Obviously this table could easily be extended to show the coding for values all the way to 255. Decimal Equiv.
Appendix C TTL Control 75 Pin # Assignment Pin # Assignment 1 IN 1 14 IN 2 2 IN 3 15 IN 4 3 IN 5 16 IN 6 4 IN 7 17 IN 8 5 GND 18 GND 6 EN/CLK 19 Reserved 7 (future use) 20 GND 8 GND 21 OUT 2 9 OUT 1 22 OUT 4 10 OUT 3 23 OUT 6 11 OUT 5 24 OUT 8 12 OUT 7 25 GND 13 Reserved Table 7. TTL In/Out connector pinout Figure 38.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H • RG/58U coaxial cable. • Shielded Metalized hood (Radio Shack part no. 276-1536A). • BNC connector(s) type UG-88 Male BNC connector (Radio Shack part no. 278-103). Example Suppose you needed to build a cable to monitor the line TTL OUT 1. One approach would be to build a cable assembly as described in the following paragraphs. This procedure could easily be adapted to other situations. 1.
Appendix D Cleaning Instructions WARNING Turn off all power to the equipment and secure all covers before cleaning the units. Otherwise, damage to the equipment or injury to yourself could occur. Controller and Camera Although there is no periodic maintenance that must be performed on the ST-133 or ST-133A Controller or on the Camera, users are advised to clean these components from time to time by wiping them down with a clean damp cloth.
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Appendix E Outline Drawing of ST-133/ST-133A Controller Note: Dimensions are in inches and mm. 13.63 8.75 5. 25 Figure 39.
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Appendix F Plug-In Modules Introduction ST-133 and ST-133A Controllers have three plug-in slots. The Analog/Control module (leftmost slot when the controller is viewed from the rear) and the Interface Control module (middle slot) are always provided. The third slot, however, is always covered with a blank panel unless a PTG module has been installed in an ST-133A Controller. If a module is ever removed for any reason, internal settings should not be disturbed.
WARNING ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Tighten the screws to where they are just snug. Do not tighten them any further because you could easily bend the mating bracket. Washer Screw Figure 40.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras Introduction This appendix discusses the operation and theory of a Princeton Instruments camera with an interline CCD. Operationally, a camera with a conventional CCD and one having an interline CCD are quite similar, the principal difference being that a shutter would ordinarily not be required if the camera has an interline chip. It is important to note that an interline chip can operate in either of two timing modes, overlapped or non-overlapped.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Overlapped vs. Non-Overlapped Operation There are two basic operating modes, overlapped and non-overlapped. Operated in the overlapped mode, at the end of the exposure time, readout begins and a new exposure is initiated immediately. This mode allows the fastest possible speed. And, because the charge only has to transfer to the adjacent row, there is no smearing.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 85 time the controller waits for the first External Sync pulse, plus texp, the programmed exposure time, plus tc, the shutter compensation time (zero with None selected as the Shutter type), then the actual exposure time will equal tR. If an External Sync pulse is detected during each read, frames will follow one another as rapidly as possible as shown in Figure 41. In the figures that follow, Shutter Monitor indicates the programmed exposure time.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H texp Shutter Monitor SCAN actual exposure time tR tR tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) cleans acquisition tw1 tc Figure 43. Overlapped mode where pulse arrives after readout Exposure CCD arrays perform three essential functions: photons are transduced to electrons, integrated and stored, and finally read out. The software allows you to set the length of time that incoming light will be allowed to integrated on the CCD.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras Mechanical Shutter SCAN 87 Open Closed Acquire texp Exposure time Readout tc Shutter compensation Figure 44. Exposure of the CCD with shutter compensation (non-overlapped mode) is low during readout, high during exposure, and high during shutter compensation time. Since most shutters behave like an iris, the opening and closing of the shutter will cause the center of the CCD to be exposed slightly longer than the edges.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Readout of the Array In this section, a simple 6 × 4 pixel interline CCD is used to demonstrate how charge is shifted and digitized. As described below, two different types of readout, overlapped and non-overlapped can occur. In overlapped operation, each exposure begins while the readout of the previous one is still in progress.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 1.Transfer Image to Storage Registers 89 2. One cell shifted down to Readout Register. Second exposure begins. Empty Readout Register Readout Register with charge from first cell in each storage register. 3. Second cell shifted down to Readout Register. Second exposure continues. 4. All charges transferred. Storage registers empty. Second exposure continues. Readout Register with charge from second cell of each storage register. Empty Output Register.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H register has started. Note that a second exposure doesn’t begin while the readout is in progress. Part 3 of Figure 46 shows the transfer to the readout register continuing. Two cells in each column are shown empty, indicating the continuing downward movement of charge. The charges are moved to the readout register and from there out of the array for further processing.
Appendix G Interline CCD Cameras 91 A subsection of the CCD can be read out at full resolution, sometimes increasing the readout rate while retaining the highest resolution in the region of interest (ROI). Image readout with binning Binning is the process of adding the data from adjacent cells together. It can be accomplished in either hardware or software. Rectangular groups of cells of any size may be binned together, subject to some hardware and software limitations.
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Appendix H DIF Camera (Double Image Feature) Introduction This Appendix describes operation of a DIF system. Both the Controller and a Interline camera must have factory modifications installed for DIF operation. In addition to the internal changes and installation of a back panel switch, a camera modified for DIF operation would ordinarily include a mechanical shutter. Execution of the DIF functions is done via the WinView/32 software (v2.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H ESABI: Allows two fast images of equal duration to be acquired. Unlike the IEC and EEC modes, in the ESABI mode, two pulses are applied to the Ext. Sync connector. Each initiates a separate acquisition, allowing the you to set the time between acquisitions by externally adjusting the time between the two applied pulses. When the data is saved, both images are saved in a single *.spe file.
Appendix H DIF Camera 95 Figure 48. Thus, the positive going edge of the first exposure. In Freerun operation, the time that in the range of 400 to 600 ns. output marks the start of the remains low will typically be READY 400 ns EXPOSURE Figure 48. Freerun mode timing Example: Figure 49 shows an experiment where the rising edge of the signal is used to trigger a DG535 Delay Generator, which provides the required delay and triggers a laser source, Q switch, or other device.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Summary of Free Run Timing mode • Allows user to capture single images. • Requires that the switch on the back of the DIF camera be set to INACTIVE. • Uses Exposure Time set via software Experiment Setup. • Exposure time range is 1 µs < Exp. Time < 14.3 minutes • Exposure does not occur until the mechanical shutter is completely open and readout does not begin until the mechanical shutter is completely closed.
Appendix H DIF Camera 97 READY 200 ns EXT. SYNC. ~200 ns Images Image1 Image 2 5 µs 5 µs SCAN Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms >200 ns Laser Output Laser 1 Laser 2 Figure 51. Timing diagram for typical IEC measurement Figure 52 illustrates the interconnections that might be used for such an experiment with two lasers. Figure 53 shows the timing for the two-laser experiment. Computer Delay Generator (i.e.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H READY EXT. SYNC. 200 ns Images Image 1 5 µs Image 2 5 µs SCAN Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms >200 ns Laser Output Laser 1 Laser 2 Figure 53. Timing diagram for IEC experiment with two lasers Example 2: As shown in Figure 54, the signal from the controller can be used to trigger the controller by connecting it back into the EXT SYNC connector. At the same time, it can be used to trigger a DG535.
Appendix H DIF Camera 99 EEC (External Exposure Control) Gives the user the ability to capture two images before readout with a different exposure time for each. EEC uses the external trigger to control the exposure time of the first image and the exposure time set in software to control the exposure time of the second image. When the external trigger applied to Ext Sync is detected, the first exposure begins. The end of the trigger marks the end of the first image and the start of the second.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H ESABI (Electronic Shutter Active Between Images) The last timing mode, ESABI, allows separation time between the two images. This mode gives the user the ability to capture two images and use the interline chip’s electronic shutter feature between images so that no signal is integrated in the time between. The exposure time for both images is the same but they can be separated in time. Each time the camera is ready to receive a trigger, goes low.
Appendix H DIF Camera 101 Tips and Tricks Lab Illumination In DIF measurements, it is necessary to remain mindful of the possibility of laboratory light affecting the images. Because the first image can be timed with precision, laboratory light that reaches the camera would generally not be a problem in the first image, particularly if the capture time is short (few microseconds).
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Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface Introduction This appendix will lead you through the process of installing the Serial Buffer card in the computer. Following these steps explicitly will help insure proper connection to your computer. Note: If the computer is purchased from Roper Scientific, it will be shipped with the Serial Buffer card already installed. PCI Interface boards are standard. However, the ISA interface is also supported in WinView/32 and WinSpec/32 through Version 2.5.X.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Installing the PCI Card To Install a PCI Serial Buffer Card: 1. Review the documentation for your computer and PCI card before continuing with this installation. 2. To avoid risk of dangerous electrical shock and damage to the computer, verify that the computer power is OFF. 3. Remove the computer cover and verify that there is an available PCI slot. 4. Install the PCI card in the slot. 5. Make sure that the card is firmly seated and secure it. 6.
Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface Windows Version PCI INF Filename Located in "Windows"/INF directory* 105 PCI Device Driver Name Located in "Windows"/System32/Drivers directory Windows 2000 and XP rspi.inf in WINNT/INF, for example) rspipci.sys (in WINNT/System32/Drivers, for example) Windows NT N/A pi_pci.sys Windows 95, 98, and Windows ME pii.inf pivxdpci.vxd * The INF directory may be hidden. Table 8.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Slot Type Status Version 2.H I/O Address(s) Interrupt 1 (ISA) ISA Network Card 200-210 11 2 (PCI) PCI Video Card FF00-FFFF 15 3 (ISA) ISA Sound Card 300-304 9 4 (PCI) Empty N/A N/A Table 9. I/O Address & Interrupt Assignments Before Installing Serial Card As shown, there are no conflicts, allowing the three peripheral cards to operate properly.
Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 107 may be in conflict with address or interrupt assignments on ISA cards. It might be noted that there are many programs, such as the MSD program supplied by Microsoft, that are designed to read and report address and interrupt assignments, including those on ISA cards. Many users have had mixed results at best using these programs. Operation There are no operating considerations that are unique to the PCI Serial card.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Installation 1. Remove the expansion slot cover on the rear panel of the I/O slot selected. 2. Insert the ISA Serial Interface card as far as possible into the appropriate ISA socket. Then secure the Serial Buffer Board by reinstalling the expansion slot cover screw. 3. Connect the serial cable to the 9-pin cable on the ISA Serial Buffer Board mounting panel.
Appendix I Installing the Computer Interface 109 Figure 58. Computer expansion slots for installing an ISA Buffer card Power-On Checks Replace the cover of the computer and turn on the computer only. If an error occurs at boot up, either the Serial Buffer Board is not installed properly or there is an address or interrupt conflict. Turn off the computer, try a new address or interrupt and reinstall the card. Be sure the Serial Buffer Board is firmly mounted in the slot.
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Warranty & Service Limited Warranty: Roper Scientific Analytical Instrumentation Roper Scientific, Inc. makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser only and no other purchaser or transferee. Limited One (1) Year Warranty Roper Scientific warrants this product against defects in materials or workmanship for a period 1 year after the date of original invoice.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Sealed Chamber Integrity Warranty Roper Scientific warrants the sealed chamber integrity of all our products for a period of twenty-four (24) months. Open chamber products carry no warranty to the CCD imaging device expressed or implied.
Warranty and Service 113 Your Responsibility The above warranties are subject to the following conditions: 1. You must retain your bill of sale (invoice) or provide other proof of purchase. 2. You must notify the factory service center within the first thirty (30) days after you have taken delivery of a defective product or part. With the exception of customers who claim a “technical issue” with the operation of the product or part, all invoices must be paid in accordance with the terms of sale.
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Version 2.H Contact Information Roper Scientific's manufacturing facility for this product is located at the following address: Roper Scientific 3660 Quakerbridge Road Trenton, NJ 08619 (USA) Tel: 609-587-9797 Fax: 609-587-1970 Technical Support E-mail: techsupport@roperscientific.com For technical support and service outside the United States, see our web page at www.roperscientific.com.
Index # 64-pin DIN connector 81 A A/D converters dual zero adjustments Ac power requirements Accessories, alignment of Actual exposure time Analog channels Analog/Control module AUX BNC connector Aux Trig Out Auxiliary Trigger output Auxiliary Trigger Output 59, 62 59 22 12 34 45, 84 59 17, 18 23 24 66 66 B Background DC level 54 Background subtraction 42 Back-plane 17 Baseline signal 54 excessive humidity 54 sudden change in 54 Binning computer memory burden 57 hardware 56, 91 readout time 57 resolutio
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual Dark charge (cont.
Index 117 ICCD-MAX camera See PI-MAX camera IEC Publication 348 12 IEC timing mode 96 IIC-100 21 IIC-100, IIC-200 or MCP-100 Shutter In connector 21 IIC-200 21 Image intensifier 52 Imaging 27 Imaging field of view 24 Indicator, TEMP LOCK 35 INHIBIT 21 Installation PCI card driver 104 PCI interface 103 Intensified CCD cameras 52 Intensifier EBI 53 fiber optic vs relay lens 52 MCP 53 theory and function 52 Interface Control module 17, 22 Interface type selection in WinView/32 103 Interline CCD camera 83 sens
ST-133/ST-133A Controller Manual PI-MAX camera (cont.
Index 119 Smearing in gated operation Software binning Software installation Specifications inputs and outputs temperature control Spectroscopy Focusing and Alignment ST-133/ST-133A introduction and description Start pulse Stop pulse System components 86 58 24 61 61 61 30 33 9 66 66 11 T TE series camera cooling Technical support TEMP LOCK indicator Temperature effect of vacuum deterioration environmental operating range lock lock indicator overshoot problems readout specifications storage Termination of
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