Owner`s manual
THE
MUSICAL
RESOURCES
OF
THE
NEWPORT
830
There nrc two major categories of organ tone-Flue
and
Reed
:
FLUE: This category includes Principals (Diapasons), Flutes, and Strings.
These
voices are produced
by
similarly
constructed pipes called flue pipes. These pipes make a sound
when
air
enters and
is
channeled through a thin opening,
directing the
air
column upward against the lip
of
the pipe. This vibrating air sheet sets up vibrations
in
the column of air
inside the pipe which creates the musical tone. Its principle
is
that
of the common whistle.
REED: In this pipework, sound
is
generated
by
a metal tongue (reed) vibrating against a metal shallot, with flat,
open portion of the shallot facing the tongue. These parts are contained
in
the "boot"
of
the pipe.
The
resonator (uppermost
tubular section) affects the timbre (color) and pitch
of
the particular pipe.
Such
vOices
as
the TROMPETTE,
OBOE,
KRU
I
.."IMHORN,
and
VOX
HUMANA are members of the
Reed
Family.They are easily recognizable because their drawknob
engravings are
in
red.
THE
PRINCIPAL
(DIAPASON)
FAMILY
The
Principals are the tonal family unique to the organ. There
is
no orchestral counterpart to the Principal nor
can
it
be
duplicated
by
any orchestral instrument.
When
played
in
chorus, such
as
8'
PRINCIPAL,
4'
OCTAVE,
and
2'
SUPER-
OCTAVE
on
the Great manual,the resulting sound provides body, clarity, and the base to which the other tone families of
the organ must relate and blend.
The
!\,lixture stops are made up
of
several pitches of high-pitched Principal pipes.
The
pitches selected augment the
natural harmonic overtone series. A mixture's prime function
is
to add sparkle to the Foundation tone of
t.he
organ.
The
Roman
numeral
on
the drawknob indicates the number
of
pitches sounding
when
a single note
is
depressed,
e.g.,
SCHARF
III-IV
(three to four pitches), MIXTURE V (five pitches).
When
used
sensitively with suitable Foundation stops and/or
Reeds,
a Mixture provides the crown of the tonal
spectrum.
When
used
in
combinations for hymn playing, Mixtures provide pitch clarity for the
ear,
resulting in better con-
gregational singing.
THE
FLUTE
FAMILY
The
Flute family has a dual role
in
good organ design .
The
Flutes must support the Principals and,
in
addition,
provide another fund of tone color for solo and accompcmiment
voices.
The
most developed Flute Chorus is
in
the Swell
Organ where Flutes are available from 16' through
l'
pitches. In the Great Organ the Flutes give added body when
used
with the Principals.
By
combining unison and non-unison (mutation) Flute stops, the organist can create synthesized solo voices.
The
2213'
NASARD and the
13/5'
TIERCE
on
the
SwelJ
manual
can
be
used
in
combination with Flutes of
8'
and/or
4'
pitches to
produce the classic solo stop called SESQUIALTERA.
The
combination and proper balance
of
unison and non-unison
pitches which comprise these combinations are a standard practice of organ design dating back hundreds
of
years.
The
1113'
QUINT
on
the Positiv manual
is
useful for adding a subtle sparkle to any combination.
It
is
most commonly
used
with the
8'
and
4'
Flutes to give a very colorful, quaint sound useful for contrapuntal literature.
The
combination of the Great
8'
BOURDON
and
the
22/3'
NASAl' is a cool. elegant solo
VOice.
Flutes are found
in
the
Pedal
Organ
as
well-playing
at
32'
and 16' pitches,
as
well assupplying Flute
toneat8',4',
and
2~
2