Owner`s manual
rower at their open tops. Stopped [lutes speak
an
octave
lower than their length would suggest because
of
the cap
or stopper which closes the top of the pipe.
The
Holzge-
dackt and Bourdon are stopped flutes.
FOOT
(PITCH)-The
general term
used
to indicate the manner
in
which pitch
is
designated in
an
organ. A rank
of
pipes,
the longest of which
is
8 feet, will produce the standard
concert pitch
on
an
organ keyboard; consequently, such a
stop
is
called
an
8'
stop. A 16' stop speaks the octave
below; a
4'
stop speaks the octave above, etc.
FRACTIONAL
PITCHES-Organ
stops that speak other than
unison or octave pitches (e.g.,
5
1
13:
2'2/:<
1
3
/5:
11/3:).
These
are also called Mutations, and are useful in building
up
synthetic
solo
combinations
or
adding
color
to
ensembles.
FUNDAMENTAL-The
portion
of
the
musical
tone
that
defines the pitch
of
the tone to the
ear,
usua
Ily the lowest
pitched harmonic
of
the tone.
GENERATOR
(PI'fCH)-An
electronic oscillator which gener-
ates a fixed pitch which,
in
Rodgers designs, is
used
as
the
pitch
reference
for
a single note
on
the
instrument.
Divider oscillators are a shared or unified pitch genera-
tion system that, while less expensive to build, create
problems in tonal versatility and sound.
The
single master
clock (oscillator) system
is
the least expensive pitch gener-
ation system, but this shortcut results in poor organ
ensemble and unauthentic celestes. In Rodgers organs,
single master clock units are
used
only for piano/harpsi-
chord voices. All actual organ voices
use
individual oscil-
lators for pitch generation.
GENERATOR
(TONE)-The
distinct
voicing
network
that
shapes one of the waveforms generated
by
the pitch
gen-
era
LOr.
Thus, a single pitch generator may generate differ-
ent waveforms which are
used
to make many different
voices
in
the organ.
On
Rodgers organs, the output
of
the
pitch generator
is
fed
into individual note voicing circuits.
Each pitch has its own individual waveform with the vol-
ume
of
each note individually set for perfect scaling.
Divider
OSCillator
and master clock (oscillator) systems
typically use only one waveshape per voice and all pitches
of
a voice arc created from the exact same waveform. This
results
in
the unauthentic bass and treble found
on
these
instruments.
GLOCKENSPIEL-An authentic struck metal bar percussion
voice that can provide
an
effective tonal accent.
It
is
a
sep-
arate device designed to
be
located remotely from the
console.
GREAT
ORGAN-The
most important division
of
the organ.
Other manual divisions usually couple to
it
with sub, uni-
son,
and super couplers.
It
is characterized
by
complete
development of the Principal Chorus, the sound which
is
unique to the organ.
It
is
the lower manual
on
two-manual
organs, the middle manual
on
three-manual instruments.
HARMONIC-Anyone
of
the many pitch partials that give a
musical tone its primary quality
is
called a harmonic.
The
relative intensity
of
these
harmonics, conversely, deter-
mines the tone quality
of
a given sound.
HEADPH6NE
JACK-A
special jack for
usc
with stereo
head-
phones that,
when
actuated, shuts
off
organ speakers and
pipes to allow silent practice without disturbing others.
KEYING-The
process
by
which a pipe or tone generator
is
made to speak
and
cut 9ff.
On
Rodgers electronic organs,
individual
voice keyers include separate
attack
and
release controls
by
note. Digital recall systems and overall
filter systems are unified
in
their attack and decay, typi-
cally using one overall system for all voices rather than
the individual attack and decay
by
note
of
each voice
found
on
the
Rodgers.
KEYER-
The
circuitry which blocks or transmits
an
audio
sig-
nal corresponding to one note
of
a scale. A keyer circuit
may
modify the input waveform and impart certain attack
and
decay characteristics. A keyer may
be
identified
by
type
of
waveform
it
transmits,
or
actual voice.
If
a device
analogous to a rank
of
pipes exists within the electronic
organ,
it
is
the
keyer.
However,
state-of-the-art electronics
allow
use
of
a single keyer note
at
various volume and
filter levels which effectively allows
one
keyer
to give the
effect of many ranks
of
pipes. This
is
not
true in organs
creating voices from single digital waveforms
or
single
overall voice filters.
LED-Light
Emitting Diode,
used
to indicate
on
or
off
for
organ
voices
on
Rodgers LED stop tablet consoles.
LEOs
have lower
current
drain
and are longer lasting than
incandescent lamps.
MAIN
ORGAN-The
body
of
the instrument, usually contain-
ing the
ChOir,
Great, Swell, and
Pedal
divisions. Echo divi-
sions are built elsewhere in the auditorium .
MANUALS-Keyboards played with the hands.
MIXTURE-A
compound stop consisting
of
two or more ranks
of
high-pitched unison and
fifth
sounding principal tone.
These
stops are
used
to reinforce the natural upper har-
monics
of
a full ensemble, and
add
brilliance and defirii-
tion.
Alternate
mixtures
designed
for
use
with
reed
choruses in playing great organ IiteratUl'e are standard
on
most Rodgers organs.
MUTATION-See " Fractional Pitches:'
NATURALS-The white
keys
on
the manuals and maple
keys
on
the pedalboard.
On
some instruments, manual
keys
are
"reversed"
in
color with a dark grenadilla
wood
used
for
the naturals.
OSCILLATOR-An
electronic device
that
produces a
sus-
tained alternating impulse
of
electricity
at
a fixed pitch.
The
oscillator provides the pitch references for
each
note
of
the instrument. Rodgers oscillators are unaffected
by
temperature and humidity, with the highest stability
in
the
industry, virtually eliminating the
need
for periodic organ
lunings. Oscillators may
be
individual and tunable
as
on
Rodgers electronic organs or unified without any individ-
ual adjustment available
as
on
a master clock (oscillator)
systems where
one
or a
few
oscillators are shared to
cre-
ate all pitches in the instrument. Rodgers
does
not
use
master clock systems except
in
its piano/harpsichord cir-
cuitry where a double system
is
used.