USER’S GUIDE Wireless Arrays and Access Points XR Series March 10, 2014 Release 6.
Wireless Arrays and Access Points ™ XR Series All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.
Trademarks is a registered trademark of Xirrus, Inc. All other trademarks and brand names are marks of their respective holders. Please see Legal Notices, Warnings, Compliance Statements, and Warranty and License Agreements in “Appendix C: Notices (Arrays except XR-500/600 and -H Models)” on page 511. Xirrus, Inc. 2101 Corporate Center Drive Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA Tel: Fax: 1.805.262.1600 1.800.947.7871 Toll Free in the US 1.866.462.3980 www.xirrus.
Wireless Array Table of Contents List of Figures.................................................................................... xiii Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 1 Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 2 Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array? ..
Wireless Array Xirrus Application Control ............................................................................ 21 About this User’s Guide ........................................................................................ 21 Organization .................................................................................................... 21 Notes and Cautions ........................................................................................ 23 Screen Images ................................
Wireless Array Network Management Planning .................................................................. 56 WDS Planning ................................................................................................. 57 Common Deployment Options .................................................................... 60 Installation Workflow ........................................................................................... 61 Installing Your Wireless Array .......................................
Wireless Array Viewing Status on the Wireless Array ........................................... 91 Array Status Windows .......................................................................................... 92 Array Summary .............................................................................................. 92 Content of the Array Summary Window ............................................ 93 Array Information ...................................................................................
Wireless Array VLAN Statistics ............................................................................................. 139 WDS Statistics ................................................................................................ 140 IDS Statistics .................................................................................................. 141 Filter Statistics ............................................................................................... 143 Station Statistics ............
Wireless Array VLAN Management ..................................................................................... 206 Tunnels .................................................................................................................. 209 About Xirrus Tunnels ........................................................................... 209 Tunnel Management .................................................................................... 210 SSID Assignments .......................................
Wireless Array Groups ................................................................................................................... 280 Understanding Groups ......................................................................... 280 Using Groups ......................................................................................... 281 Group Management ..................................................................................... 282 Group Limits ............................................
Wireless Array LED Settings .................................................................................................. 354 DSCP Mappings ............................................................................................ 355 Roaming Assist .............................................................................................. 356 WDS .......................................................................................................................
Wireless Array The Command Line Interface ...................................................... 409 Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection ................................................. 409 Getting Started with the CLI .............................................................................. 411 Inputting Commands ................................................................................... 411 Getting Help ...............................................................................
Wireless Array authentication-server ................................................................................... 452 reboot .............................................................................................................. 453 reset ................................................................................................................. 453 restore ............................................................................................................. 454 roaming-assist ....
Wireless Array Syslog ...................................................................................................... 484 SNMP ...................................................................................................... 485 DHCP .............................................................................................................. 485 Default SSID .................................................................................................. 486 Security ..........................
Wireless Array Appendix D: Notices (XR500/600 Series Only) ............................................. 533 Notices ................................................................................................................... 533 EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information ........................................ 537 Compliance Information (Non-EU) ................................................................... 544 Safety Warnings ...............................................................
Wireless Array List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Xirrus Arrays: XR Series ...........................................................................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. Figure 42. Figure 43. Figure 44. Figure 45. Figure 46. Figure 47. Figure 48. Figure 49. Figure 50. Figure 51. Figure 52. Figure 53. Figure 54. Figure 55. Figure 56. Figure 57. Figure 58. Figure 59. Figure 60. Figure 61. Figure 62. Figure 63. Figure 64. Figure 65. Figure 66. Figure 67. Figure 68. Figure 69. Figure 70. Figure 71. xiv Network Interface Ports—XR-4000 Series ............................................
Wireless Array Figure 72. Figure 73. Figure 74. Figure 75. Figure 76. Figure 77. Figure 78. Figure 79. Figure 80. Figure 81. Figure 82. Figure 83. Figure 84. Figure 85. Figure 86. Figure 87. Figure 88. Figure 89. Figure 90. Figure 91. Figure 92. Figure 93. Figure 94. Figure 95. Figure 96. Figure 97. Figure 98. Figure 99. Figure 100. Figure 101. Figure 102. Figure 103. Figure 104. Figure 105. Figure 106. Figure 107. Figure 108. Station RSSI Values — Colorized Graphical View .............................
Wi-Fi Array Figure 109. Figure 110. Figure 111. Figure 112. Figure 113. Figure 114. Figure 115. Figure 116. Figure 117. Figure 118. Figure 119. Figure 120. Figure 121. Figure 122. Figure 123. Figure 124. Figure 125. Figure 126. Figure 127. Figure 128. Figure 129. Figure 130. Figure 131. Figure 132. Figure 133. Figure 134. Figure 135. Figure 136. Figure 137. Figure 138. Figure 139. Figure 140. Figure 141. Figure 142. Figure 143. Figure 144. Figure 145. xvi NetFlow............................................
Wireless Array Figure 146. Figure 147. Figure 148. Figure 149. Figure 150. Figure 151. Figure 152. Figure 153. Figure 154. Figure 155. Figure 156. Figure 157. Figure 158. Figure 159. Figure 160. Figure 161. Figure 162. Figure 163. Figure 164. Figure 165. Figure 166. Figure 167. Figure 168. Figure 169. Figure 170. Figure 171. Figure 172. Figure 173. Figure 174. Figure 175. Figure 176. Figure 177. Figure 178. Figure 179. Figure 180. Figure 181. Figure 182.
Wi-Fi Array Figure 183. Figure 184. Figure 185. Figure 186. Figure 187. Figure 188. Figure 189. Figure 190. Figure 191. Figure 192. Figure 193. Figure 194. Figure 195. Figure 196. Figure 197. Figure 198. Figure 199. Figure 200. Figure 201. Figure 202. Figure 203. Figure 204. Figure 205. Figure 206. Figure 207. Figure 208. Figure 209. Figure 210. Figure 211. Figure 212. Figure 213. Figure 214. Figure 215. Figure 216. Figure 217. xviii Cluster Management......................................................
Wireless Array Introduction These topics introduce the Xirrus Wireless Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits. “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 1. “Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array?” on page 3. “Wireless Array Product Overview” on page 4. “Key Features and Benefits” on page 14. “Advanced Feature Sets” on page 18. “About this User’s Guide” on page 21. The Xirrus Family of Products Figure 1.
Wireless Array Xirrus Management System (XMS) XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. Xirrus offers XMS Cloud—a software as a service option for XMS, providing zero-touch provisioning and initial startup for new Array/AP deployments. XMS is capable of managing large numbers of Arrays, including automated software and firmware upgrades for the network. Another option is XMS, hosted on your own server. It manages all aspects of your Xirrus wireless network.
Wireless Array Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array? The deployment of wireless is a necessity as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises. The user community is placing spiraling and often unanticipated demands on the wireless network, with the rapid proliferation of devices such as iPads and wireless enabled phones.
Wireless Array See Also Key Features and Benefits Wireless Array Product Overview The Xirrus Family of Products Wireless Array Product Overview Part of the family of Xirrus products, the Wireless Array is a high capacity, multimode device designed with up to four times the coverage and eight times the bandwidth and user density compared with legacy thin access point wireless products. Its distributed intelligence eliminates the use of separate controllers and their accompanying bottlenecks.
Wireless Array XR Wireless Array Product Family XR-500 Series Access Points These Access Points have one Gigabit Ethernet port and two radios—one multistate radio (2.4GHz or 5GHz) and one 5GHz radio. They support 300Mbps, connecting up to 240 users at one time. The Access Point provides flexibility for delivering wireless service in low-tomedium user density scenarios, in challenging deployments in areas with high RF attenuation, and in isolated or physically separated locations.
Wireless Array XR-600 Series Access Points These Access Points provide robust wireless service in low-to-medium user density scenarios. These Access Points have two Gigabit Ethernet ports and two multi-state radios (2.4GHz or 5GHz), so that as more of your clients migrate to 802.11ac, you can increase the number of radios operating at 5 GHz. Each of the XR-630’s two 3x3 802.11ac radios supports 1.3Gbps, connecting up to 240 users at one time with 2.6Gbps total Wi-Fi bandwidth.
Wireless Array XR-1000 These Arrays include models with one Gigabit Ethernet port and two multi-state radios (2.4GHz or 5GHz) that can support 300Mbps or 450Mbps, connecting up to 480 users at one time. The Xirrus XR-1000 Series Wireless Array is a two slot chassis available in a two multi-state (2.4GHz or 5GHz) radio configuration with up to 900Mbps of bandwidth (up to 450 Mbps per radio).
Wireless Array Some smaller Arrays/APs have less memory (XR-500/1000 Series and XR-620) and can’t run all ArrayOS features simultaneously. You will see an error message if you configure a feature when there is not enough memory. XR-2000/2005 Series Arrays These Arrays include models with one or two Gigabit Ethernet ports and two or four multi-state radios (2.4GHz or 5GHz) that can support 300Mbps or 450Mbps, connecting up to 960 users at one time.
Wireless Array Note that XR-2000 Series Arrays ending in “0” have one Gigabit POE port and a Console port. Those ending in “5” (called the XR-2005 Series) have no console port, but have two Gigabit ports, one of which accepts POE+ power supplied by a Xirrus-supplied power injector or an IEEE802.3at powered switch.
Wireless Array XR-6000 Series Arrays These Arrays include models with four Gigabit Ethernet ports and up to sixteen radios, connecting up to 1792 users at one time and offering a maximum wireless bandwidth of 7.2 Gbps (up to 450 Mbps per radio). Smaller models may be upgraded to sixteen radios later when your needs change. A 10 Gigabit modular Ethernet expansion port (DVI connector) is available to meet high traffic demands. It is used only with an optional Xirrus 10 Gig fiber optics adapter.
Wireless Array Enterprise Class Security The latest and most effective wireless encryption security standards, including WPA (Wireless Protected Access) and WPA2 with 802.11i AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are available on the Wireless Array. In addition, the use of an embedded RADIUS server (or 802.1x with an external RADIUS server) ensures user authentication — multiple Arrays can authenticate to the optional XMS, ensuring only authorized Arrays become part of the wireless network.
Wireless Array position relative to the Array. Radios may be assigned to 2.4 GHz and/or 5.0 GHz bands in any desired pattern. Partial pattern coverage If desired, the Wireless Array can be deployed close to an exterior wall. In this case, half of all available radios have been deactivated to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the site’s perimeter wall.
Wireless Array Enterprise Class Management The Wireless Array can be used with its default settings, or using zero touch cloud-based automated provisioning . Settings may also be customized using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, plus a full complement of troubleshooting tools and statistics. Figure 5.
Wireless Array For deployments of more than five Arrays, we recommend that you use the cloud-based or enterprise version of Xirrus Management System (XMS). XMS offers a rich set of features for fine control over large deployments. Key Features and Benefits This section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Wireless Array (the XR-7630 product is used as an example in this section). High Capacity and High Performance Figure 6.
Wireless Array In the recommended configuration, one IAP is configured in RF monitoring and intrusion detection/prevention mode. Extended Coverage One XR-7630 solution enables you to replace fifteen access points (including one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network). Fifteen IAP radios with integrated directional antennas provide increased wireless range and enhanced data rates in all directions.
Wireless Array Figure 7. Coverage Schemes (XR-7230 shown) 802.11a/n Delivers 60° wireless coverage per IAP, with 6 dBi of gain. 802.11b/g/n Delivers 180° wireless coverage, with 3 dBi of gain. 802.11a/b/g/n (monitor only) Delivers 360° wireless coverage, with 2 dBi of gain. Non-Overlapping Channels Complete use of non-overlapping channels limits interference and delivers maximum capacity. On the XR-7630, up to 16 non-overlapping channels are fully utilized across the 5GHz and 2.4GHz spectrums.
Wireless Array SDMA Optimization SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) technology provides full 360° coverage while allowing independent channel and power output customization. Also supports fast inter-zone handoffs for time-sensitive applications and roaming. Fast Roaming Utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.
Wireless Array Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array? Advanced Feature Sets The Wireless Array offers a family of powerful functionality packages, including the RF Performance Manager (RPM), RF Security Manager (RSM), RF Analysis Manager (RAM), and Application Control. These four packages are separately licensed for operation on your Array. RPM, RSM, and RAM are automatically included as part of all XR Arrays. Application Control is an optional feature.
Wireless Array Wireless Mode per IAP Sharp Cell technology Wireless Data Rate Optimization Wireless Traffic Shaping Wireless Voice Call Admission Control Fast Layer 2 and 3 Roaming Standby Mode Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) The Xirrus RSM improves security and minimizes the risk in deploying 802.11 wireless networks.
Wireless Array NAC integration Xirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM) The RF Advanced Analysis Manager (RAM) tests and troubleshoots wireless networks. The deployment of 802.11ac presents a set of unique challenges based on technology differences with legacy 802.11a/b/g/n networks, both on the wireless infrastructure and client side. Xirrus' RAM equips each Wireless Array with a powerful set of tools and features to optimally tune and verify an 802.
Wireless Array Xirrus Application Control The Application Control feature is available on XR Arrays to provide real-time visibility of application usage by users across the wireless network. Network usage has changed enormously in the last few years, with the increase in smart phone and tablet usage stressing networks. The Array uses Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) to determine what applications are being used and by whom, and how much bandwidth they are consuming.
Wireless Array Offers an overview of the product’s embedded Web Management Interface, including its content and structure. It emphasizes what you need to do to ensure that any configuration changes you make are applied, and provides a list of restricted characters. It also includes instructions for logging in to the Array with your Web browser. Viewing Status on the Wireless Array Describes the status and statistics displays available on the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface.
Wireless Array Appendix C: Notices (Arrays except XR-500/600 and -H Models) Contains the legal notices, licensing, and compliance statements for the Array. Please read this section carefully. Appendix D: Notices (XR500/600 Series Only) Contains the legal notices, licensing, and compliance statements for the XR500 Series Access Points. Please read this section carefully if you are using these models.
Wireless Array Product Specifications Please refer to the Xirrus web site for the latest specifications for these Arrays— www.xirrus.com.
Wireless Array Installing the Wireless Array The instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: “Installation Prerequisites” on page 25. “Planning Your Installation” on page 28. “Installation Workflow” on page 61. “Installing Your Wireless Array” on page 63. “Powering Up the Wireless Array” on page 66. “Zero-Touch Provisioning and Ongoing Management” on page 69. “Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 75.
Wireless Array depending on the model (see “XR Wireless Array Product Family” on page 5). ! The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you do not bondpair Ethernet ports. Secure Shell (SSH) utility To establish secure remote command line access to the Array, you need a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. The utility must be configured to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections.
Wireless Array Optional Network Components The following network components are optional. Xirrus Management System (XMS) The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wireless Array deployments. External RADIUS server Although your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.1x authentication in large deployments you may want to add an external RADIUS server. Client Requirements The Wireless Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.
Wireless Array Planning Your Installation This section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wireless Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install. The following topics are discussed: “General Deployment Considerations” on page 28 “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 30 “About IEEE 802.
Wireless Array depending on the types of materials and background RF (radio frequency) noise at your location. To maximize wireless range, follow these basic guidelines: 1. Keep the number of walls and ceilings between the Array and your receiving devices to a minimum — each wall or ceiling can reduce the wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized. 2. Be aware of the direct line between each device.
Wireless Array Coverage and Capacity Planning This section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations. XR-500 Series radios are omni-directional rather than directional (sectored), and discussions involving sectored radios are not applicable to these Arrays. Placement Use the following guidelines when considering placement options: 1.
Wireless Array RF Patterns The Wireless Array allows you to control — automatically or manually — the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors). Full (Normal) Coverage In normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage. Figure 10. Full (Normal) Coverage Half Coverage outside wall Figure 11.
Wireless Array Custom Coverage Where there are highly reflective objects in proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback. reflective object Figure 12. Custom Coverage Capacity and Cell Sizes Cell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location.
Wireless Array Fine Tuning Cell Sizes Adjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes — Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Small Medium Large Figure 14.
Wireless Array Sharp Cell This patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, highthroughput cells. By dynamically limiting each cell to a defined boundary (cell size), the trailing edge bleed of RF energy is reduced, thus minimizing interference between neighboring Wireless Arrays or other Access Points. To enable the Sharp Cell feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 336.
Wireless Array new location and may optionally be configured to execute periodically to account for changes in the RF environment over time. Auto Channel selection has significant advantages, including: Allows the Array to come up for the first time and not interfere with existing equipment that may be already running, thereby limiting cochannel interference.
Wireless Array Manual Channel Selection You can manually assign channels on a per radio basis, though manual selection is not recommended (and not necessary). To avoid co-channel interference, do not select adjacent channels for radios that are physically next to each other. Maintain channel separation Figure 16.
Wireless Array About IEEE 802.11ac 802.11ac is a continuation of the IEEE 802.11 standard. It multiplies the maximum data rate—up to ten times the 802.11n maximum will ultimately be available. Along with increased data rates, it offers simultaneous transmission to multiple clients. 802.11ac will be rolled out in two phases. Wave 1 products available in 2012-2013 support 80MHz channels and up to 3 data streams for a maximum data rate of 1.3 Gbps.
Wireless Array The techniques that 802.11ac uses to realize these performance improvements and the expected results are discussed in: “Up to Eight Simultaneous Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing” on page 39 “MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out)” on page 39 “MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple-In Multiple-Out)” on page 40 “Higher Precision in the Physical Layer” on page 42 “80 MHz and 160 MHz Channel Widths (Bonding)” on page 43 “802.
Wireless Array Up to Eight Simultaneous Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing Spatial Multiplexing transmits completely separate data streams on different antennas (in the same channel) that are recombined to produce new 802.11ac data rates. Previously used for 802.11n, the maximum number of streams for 802.11ac has been increased to eight. Higher data rates are achieved by splitting the original data stream into separate data streams.
Wireless Array 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.11n and 802.11ac, these signals are used to enhance performance. MIMO Processed Signal Antenna 1 Signal Attenuation Receiver Antenna 2 Signal Antenna 3 Signal Frequency Across Subcarriers Figure 18. MIMO Signal Processing 802.11ac increases the number of antennas and spatial streams from a maximum of four in 802.11n to a maximum of eight, contributing to much higher maximum data rates (up to 6.93Gbit/s).
Wireless Array one is directed to a mobile phone. When a transmission is complete, the antennas are reallocated. Data Stream Tx 1 Rx 1 Tx 2 Rx 2 Transmitter (Access Point) Data Stream Tx 3 Spatial Streams Rx 3 Data Stream Tx 4 Rx 1 Figure 19. MU-MIMO with Four Antennas The table below illustrates how data streams might be allocated to multiple users on an 802.11ac transmitter with multiple antennas.
Wireless Array Higher Precision in the Physical Layer Wi-Fi utilizes several digital modulation techniques and automatically switches between them to optimize for throughput or range. The basic unit of data transmitted is called a symbol. The number of points in the modulation constellation determines the number of bits of data conveyed with each symbol. itu de Q pl 64-QAM Am Phase˚ 256-QAM Q I Q +7 +5 +3 +1 -7 -5 -3 -1 I +1 +3 +5 I +7 -1 -3 -5 -7 Figure 20.
Wireless Array signal-to-noise ratios (i.e., a less noisy environment) and shorter transmission distances. MCS index value Modulation Code rate (R) 0 BPSK 1/2 1 QPSK 1/2 2 QPSK 3/4 3 16-QAM 1/2 4 16-QAM 3/4 5 64-QAM 2/3 6 64-QAM 3/4 7 64-QAM 5/6 8 256-QAM 3/4 9 256-QAM 5/6 80 MHz and 160 MHz Channel Widths (Bonding) Channel bonding increases data rates by combining two, four, or eight adjacent 20 MHz channels into one channel.
5150MHz 5250MHz 5350MHz Wireless Array UNII-1 Frequency Channel Number 36 40 UNII-2 44 48 52 56 60 64 20MHz Channel Bandwidth 2-20MHz bonded channels 40MHz 2-40MHz bonded channels 80MHz 2-80MHz bonded channels 160MHz Figure 21. Channel Bonding (Channels 36-64 shown) 802.11ac Data Rates Maximum Data Rate # Transmit Antennas Bandwidth (MHz) # Streams 293Mbps 1 40 1 64QAM 433Mbps 1 80 1 256QAM 867Mbps 2 80 2 256QAM 1.299Gbps 3 80 3 256QAM 1.
Wireless Array data rate achievable at each level, with many additional lower rates occurring at each level dependent on signal level, signal to noise ratio in the environment, etc. Phase 1 802.11ac, first available in consumer products in 2012 and enterprise products in 2013, supports up to 80MHz channels and up to 3 spatial streams for a maximum data rate of 1.3Gbps. Phase 2 and beyond products, expected starting in 2014, will add 160MHz channels and up to 8 spatial streams for a maximum data rate of 6.
Wireless Array 46 Migration to 802.11ac will take time. Older Wi-Fi technologies will continue to be with us for years. In order for 802.11ac to provide maximum data rates, it is important to keep interference from earlier WiFi standards at a minimum. For example, 802.11n devices operating in the 5GHz band can slow down 802.11ac devices to 300Mbps or 450Mbps depending on the 2x2 or 3x3 MIMO technology used. Infrastructures must be upgraded as well. The bandwidth required out of 802.
Wireless Array Failover Planning This section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels. To ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize two Gigabit Ethernet ports simultaneously as a bonded pair (on Arrays with two or more Gigabit ports). Multiple port connections Ethernet switch Figure 23. Port Failover Protection In addition, the Array has full failover protection between the bonded-pair Gigabit ports (see following table).
Wireless Array For more details on Gigabit port modes and their configuration, please see “Bonds and Bridging” on page 169. Switch Failover Protection To ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays having multiple Gigabit ports to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub). Ethernet connections Backup switch Ethernet switch Figure 24. Switch Failover Protection Gigabit Ethernet connections must be on the same subnet.
Wireless Array Power Planning All XR Series Array models support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. Power over Gigabit Ethernet To deliver power to the Array, you must use Xirrus-supplied Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) modules or powered switches. They provide power over Cat 5e or Cat 6 cables to the Array without running power cables — see Figure 4 on page 12. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules.
Wireless Array Security Planning This section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 214 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 492. Wireless Encryption Encryption ensures that no user can decipher another user’s data transmitted over the airwaves.
Wireless Array Pre-Shared Key Uses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array. MAC Access Control Lists (ACLs) MAC access control lists provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network, and can be used in addition to any of the above authentication methods.
Wireless Array Port Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 53 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments.
Wireless Array The following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed. Port Application Peer Configurable Array icmp Ping XMS Server No 20 tcp 21 tcp FTP Client Yes 22 tcp SSH Client Yes 23 tcp Telnet Client Yes 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No 69 udp TFTP TFTP Server No 123 udp NTP NTP Server No 161 udp SNMP XMS Server No 162 udp SNMP Traphost Note Up to four Traphosts may be configured.
Wireless Array Port Application Peer Configurable XMS icmp Ping Arrays No 22 tcp SSH Arrays Yes 25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes 123 udp NTP NTP Server No 161 udp SNMP Arrays No 162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file 443 tcp HTTPS Arrays No 514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file 1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No 2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No 3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No 8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No 8
Wireless Array See Also Management Control External Radius Services VLAN Management Installing the Wireless Array 55
Wireless Array Network Management Planning Network management can be performed using any of the following methods: Centralized Web-based management, using the optional Xirrus Management System (XMS). XMS Cloud provides zero-touch provisioning and ongoing management. XMS is run on a dedicated Xirrus appliance or your own server.
Wireless Array WDS Planning WDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhaul connections between Arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 26). WDS features include: One to three IAPs may be used to form a single WDS link, yielding up to 1350 Mbps bandwidth per link. Up to three different WDS links may be created on a single Array.
Wireless Array Figure 27. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection Multiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 28). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol — STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 28.
Wireless Array WDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays: A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array. A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links.
Wireless Array Common Deployment Options The following table lists some typical and recommended deployment options for a number of the features that have been discussed in this chapter.
Wireless Array Installation Workflow This workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wireless Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network. Cloud XMS customers will skip the last two steps.
Wireless Array Failover Planning Installation Prerequisites Planning Your Installation Power Planning Wireless Array Product Overview Security Planning 62 Installing the Wireless Array
Wireless Array Installing Your Wireless Array This section provides information about the physical installation of your Xirrus Wireless Array. For complete instructions, please see the Quick Installation Guide (QIG) for your model of Array or Access Point. Choosing a Location Based on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs.
Wireless Array Once you have determined the best location for your Wireless Array, you must run cables to the location for the following services: Power No separate power cable is required to the Array—Xirrus wireless Arrays and APs use PoGE (Power over Gigabit Ethernet). See the Quick Installation Guide for your Array/AP model for compatible power injectors or switches.
Wireless Array Important Note About Network Connections ! The Array’s Ethernet ports should be plugged into an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port.
Wireless Array Mounting and Connecting the Array/AP A detailed Quick Installation Guide is available at support.xirrus.com that describes mounting your Array/AP. Please follow the provided instructions carefully. Data and power connections to the Array are also detailed in the Quick Installation Guide. Please follow the cabling and connection instructions carefully. Dismounting the Array For all Array/AP models, push up on the Array/AP (i.e., push it against the mounting plate).
Wireless Array Array LED Operating Sequences Use the following tables to review the operating sequences of the Array’s LEDs.
Wireless Array LED Operation when Array is Running The normal LED operation when the Array is running is shown in the table below. Note that behavior may be modified using “LED Settings” on page 354 or via the CLI. LED Status Reason IAP LED is OFF IAP is down IAP LED is solid ON IAP is up, but no associations and no traffic IAP LED heartbeat IAP is up, with stations associated but no traffic IAP LED flashing IAP is up, passing traffic Flashing at 10 Hz Flashing at 5 Hz Flashing at 2.
Wireless Array See Also Installation Prerequisites Installation Workflow Installing Your Wireless Array LED Settings Zero-Touch Provisioning and Ongoing Management Most customers employ the Xirrus Management System (XMS) for the initial setup and continuing management of Xirrus devices. XMS users can readily set up their new devices for zero touch provisioning and ongoing maintenance via the following platforms.
Wireless Array If you are an XMS or XMS-9000-CL-x customer, we recommend that you manage your Arrays/APs completely by XMS. Wait five minutes after powering up the Array or Access Point, then use XMS to view/manage this unit. If you change settings directly on the Array/AP, XMS may not sync up with these changes for up to 24 hours. Note that the Array/AP must already be running ArrayOS release 6.5 or above to support zero-touch provisioning.
Wireless Array Array/AP Management Interfaces User Interfaces (CLI, WMI) With zero-touch setup provided by XMS and Mobilize, your Xirrus network is ready for use a few minutes after deployment. We recommend that you use the Xirrus Management System (XMS) for ongoing monitoring and fine-tuning of the network.
Wireless Array Gigabit1 PoE /Gigabit1 PoE+ Gigabit2 CONSOLE Figure 34. Network Interfaces—XR-2000 Series (left); XR-2005 Series (right) Serial (Console) Gigabit PoE (gig1) Gigabit 2 (gig2) Figure 35. Network Interface Ports—XR-4000 Series Serial (Console) Gigabit PoE1 (gig1) Gigabit PoE2 (gig2) Gigabit 3 (gig3) Gigabit 4 (gig4) Figure 36.
Wireless Array Using the Serial Port If using the serial port to make your connection, use serial settings of 8 bits, no parity, no flow control, 1 stop bit (8N1) and a speed setting of 115200 baud. Use the communication package of your choice. You may use the serial port to change settings on the Array, even if the Array’s Gigabit interfaces are in XMS managed mode (i.e., read-only mode, see “Managing Arrays Locally or via XMS” on page 81).
Wireless Array subnet, and set its subnet mask to 255.255.255.0. If this subnet is already in use on your network, you may connect your laptop directly to the Array by connecting the laptop to the power injector’s IN port temporarily (this port may be called the SWITCH port or the DATA port on your injector). Starting the WMI Use this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser. 2.
Wireless Array The Array’s license determines some of the features that are available on the Array. For example, the Application Control feature on XR Arrays requires a license. The Array’s license is not installed at the factory. The Array must have a license before providing wireless service. If you need to enter the license manually, use the following procedure. It describes entering the license key using the WMI.
Wireless Array Multiple SSIDs Security Securing Low Level Access to the Array XirconXBLXRXirconMost local management of the Xirrus Array is done via the Web Management Interface (WMI) or CLI—see “The Command Line Interface” on page 409. The Array also has a lower level interface: XBL (Xirrus Boot Loader), which allows access to more primitive commands. You won’t normally use XBL unless instructed to do so by Xirrus Customer Support.
Wireless Array Xircon access to the Array may be controlled: You may enable or disable all Xircon access to the Array as instructed in the procedure below. There are also options to allow access only to CLI (i.e., ArrayOS access) or only to XBL. Since some models do not have a console port, these models have Xircon access to both XBL and CLI enabled by default.
Wireless Array jsmith@xr4012802207c's password: Xirrus Wi-Fi Array ArrayOS Version 6.1.2-3299 Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Xirrus, Inc. http://www.xirrus.com Array42# 3. Type configure to enter the CLI config mode. Array42#configure 4. If Xircon access at the XBL level is to be allowed, use the following three commands to change the XBL username and password from the default values of admin/admin. In the example below, replace newusername and newpassword with your desired entries.
Wireless Array wish. See “Management Control” on page 226. Note that you cannot change the XBL username and password via the WMI.
Wireless Array 80 Installing the Wireless Array
Wireless Array The Web Management Interface This topic provides an overview of the Xirrus Wireless Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configuration settings and wireless operating parameters. It also includes login instructions.
Wireless Array An Overview The WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Wireless Array. It allows you to configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that the unit functions efficiently and effectively. Figure 37.
Wireless Array Structure of the WMI The content of the WMI is organized by function and hierarchy, shown in the following table. Click on any item below to jump to the referenced destination.
Wireless Array Configuration Windows Express Setup Network Network Interfaces Bonds and Bridging DNS Settings CDP Settings Services Time Settings (NTP) NetFlow Wi-Fi Tag Location System Log SNMP DHCP Server Proxy Forwarding VLANs VLAN Management Tunnels Tunnel Management SSID Assignments Security Admin Management Admin Privileges Admin RADIUS Management Control Access Control List Global Settings External Radius Internal Radius Active Directory Rogue Control List OAuth 2.
Wireless Array User Interface Left frame Right frame Utilities Expanded menu section Help Log Message counters Command log Utilities Figure 38.
Wireless Array The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quick and easy. In the following example, you’ll see that windows are divided into left and right frames. (Figure 38 ) The left frame contains two main elements: The menu is organized into three major sections (Status, Configuration, Tools). Each has headings for major functions, such as Network, SSIDs, Security, etc.
Wireless Array The main window displays the status information or configuration page that you requested. This is where you review the Array’s current status and activity or enter changes if you wish. The Command Log shows the results of recent commands. Figure 40. WMI Command Log Utility buttons are located at the bottom right of each window — a Feedback button, a Print button and a Help button. Print button Feedback button Help button Figure 41.
Wireless Array Some pages or individual settings are only available if the Array’s license includes appropriate Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets. If a setting is unavailable (grayed out), then your license does not support the feature. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 387. Note that WMI provides an option that allows you to change its behavior. You may change: Refresh Interval — the refresh interval, if automatic refresh is selected. See “Options” on page 406 for more information.
Wireless Array Applying Configuration Changes In most of the WMI configuration windows, your changes to settings are applied to the Array as you make them. In most cases, there is no separate Apply button to click to make the changes take effect. There are a few exceptions to this rule. In these cases, a particular section of a page may have its own Apply Settings button right below the settings.
Wireless Array 90 The Web Management Interface
Wireless Array Viewing Status on the Wireless Array These windows provide status information and statistics for your Array using the product’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). You cannot make configuration changes to your Array from these windows. The following topics have been organized into functional areas that reflect the flow and content of the Status section of the navigation tree in the left frame of the WMI.
Wireless Array Array Status Windows The following Array Status windows are available: Array Summary — displays information on the configuration of all Array interfaces, including IAPs. Array Information — provides version/serial number information for all Array components. Array Configuration — shows all configuration information for the Array in text format. Admin History — shows all current and past logins since the last reboot.
Wireless Array Content of the Array Summary Window The Array Summary window is sub-divided into the Ethernet Interfaces section and the Integrated Access Point (radio) section, providing you with the following information: Ethernet Settings Summary This section provides information about network interface devices. To make configuration changes to these devices, go to “Network Interfaces” on page 166. • Interface: Lists the network interfaces that are available on the Array.
Wireless Array 94 Bond Settings Summary This section provides information about the relationship that has been selected for the Gigabit ports. For detailed explanations and to make configuration changes, see “Bonds and Bridging” on page 169. • Bond: Lists all network bonds that have been configured. • Mode: Shows the type of relationship that has been selected for the Gigabit ports. • Ports: Shows the Gigabit ports that are part of this bond.
Wireless Array Figure 44. Disabled IAP (Partial View) • Channel: Shows which channel each IAP is using, and the channel setting. To avoid co-channel interference, adjacent radios should not be using adjacent channels. To make channel selections for a specific IAP, go to “IAP Settings” on page 290. • Wi-Fi Mode: Shows the 802.11 client types that the IAP has been configured to support. • Antenna: Shows which antenna is being used by each IAP.
Wireless Array • Rx Threshold: Shows the receive threshold for each IAP. • Stations: Informs you how many client stations are currently associated with each IAP.XN Arrays can handle up to 96 concurrent users per individual IAP, thus 16-port XN models can handle 1536 users per Array. • WDS Link/Distance: The WDS Link on this radio (if any), and whether the link has been set to support Long Distance Links. See “WDS” on page 358. • MAC Address/BSSID: Shows the MAC address for each IAP.
Wireless Array Network assurance must be enabled on the Array in order to perform these connectivity tests and display this information. See “Management Control” on page 226. Operating Status Section This section shows the Array controller board’s current internal temperatures, current fan speed, and compass heading.
Wireless Array Array Information This is a status only window that shows you the current firmware versions utilized by the Array, serial numbers assigned to each module, MAC addresses, licensing information, recent boot timestamps, and current internal temperatures and fan speed. Note that the License Features row lists the features that are supported by your Array’s license. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 387 and “Advanced Feature Sets” on page 18 for more information. Figure 47.
Wireless Array Array Configuration This is a status only window that allows you to display the configuration settings assigned to the Array, based on the following filter options: Running — displays the current configuration (the one running now). Saved — displays the saved configuration from this session. Lastboot — displays the configuration as it was after the last reboot. Factory — displays the configuration established at the factory. Figure 48.
Wireless Array Admin History It is useful to know who else is currently logged in to an array while you're configuring it. It's also nice to see who has logged in since the array booted. This status-only window shows you all administrator logins to the Array that have occurred since the last reboot. To determine who is currently logged in, check which entries say active in the Logout Time column. Figure 49.
Wireless Array CDP Neighbors — lists neighboring network devices using Cisco Discovery Protocol. Network Assurance — shows results of connectivity tests for network servers. Undefined VLANs — shows VLANs present on an 802.1Q connection to the Array, that are not configured in the Array's VLAN list. Network This window provides a snapshot of the configuration settings currently established for Array’s wired interfaces. This includes the Gigabit interfaces and their bonding settings.
Wireless Array “CDP Settings” on page 177 Network Map This window offers detailed information about this Array and all neighboring Arrays, including how the Arrays have been set up within your network. Figure 51. Network Map The Network Map has a number of options at the top of the page that allow you to customize your output by selecting from a variety of information that may be displayed.
Wireless Array IP Address: The Array’s IP address. You may click the address to access WMI for this Array. If DHCP is enabled, the Array’s IP address is assigned by the DHCP server. If DHCP is disabled, you must assign a static IP address. To enable DHCP or to assign a static IP address for the Array, go to “Express Setup” on page 159. Location: The location assigned to the Array. To establish the location information, go to “Express Setup” on page 159.
Wireless Array License License: The license key of each Array. Licensed Features: Lists the features enabled by the key. Software (enabled by default) Enable/disable display of the Array OS column. Firmware Boot Loader: The software version number of the boot loader on each Array. SCD Firmware: The software version number of the SCD firmware on each Array. IAP Info (enabled by default) Enable/disable display of the IAP/Up columns.
Wireless Array Spanning Tree Status Multiple active paths between stations can cause loops in the network. If a loop exists in the network topology, the potential exists for the duplication of messages. The spanning tree protocol is a link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops. For a wireless network to function properly, only one active path can exist between two stations.
Wireless Array Routing Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s routing table. The table provides the Array with instructions for sending each packet to its next hop on its route across the network. Figure 53. Routing Table See Also VLANs Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID ARP Table This status-only window lists the entries in the Array’s ARP table. For a device with a given IP address, this table lists the device’s MAC address.
Wireless Array DHCP Leases This status-only window lists the IP addresses (leases) that the Array has allocated to client stations. For each, it shows the IP address assigned from one of the defined DHCP pools, and the MAC address and host name of the client station. The start and end time of the lease show how long the allocation is valid. The same IP address is normally renewed at the expiration of the current lease. Figure 55.
Wireless Array You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. See Also Filters CDP Neighbors This status-only window lists devices on the Array’s network that support the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). Figure 57.
Wireless Array Network Assurance This status-only window shows the results of ongoing network assurance testing. Figure 58. Network Assurance The Array checks connectivity to network servers that you have configured (for example, DNS and NTP servers) on an ongoing basis. For each server, this list shows the server’s host name (if any), IP address, and status. Network assurance must be enabled on the Array in order to perform these connectivity tests and display this information.
Wireless Array Undefined VLANs This status-only window lists VLANs that have not been configured on the Array, but that are being detected on the Array’s trunk port(s), i.e. wired ports. See “VLANs” on page 204. Figure 59. Undefined VLANs This feature alerts you to the fact that an 802.1Q trunk to the Array has VLANs that are not being properly handled on the Array. To reduce unnecessary traffic, only VLANs that are actually needed on the Array should normally be on the trunk, e.g.
Wireless Array RF Monitor Windows Every Wireless Array includes an integrated RF spectrum analyzer as a standard feature. The spectrum analyzer allows you to characterize the RF environment by monitoring throughput, signal, noise, errors, and interference levels continually per channel. This capability uses the assigned threat-sensor (monitor) radio. The associated software is part of the ArrayOS.
Wireless Array IAPs The RF Monitor — IAPs window displays traffic statistics and RF readings observed by each Array IAP (radio). Note that the data is an instantaneous snapshot for the IAP — it is not an average or a cumulative total. To graph these values over time for a particular channel, see “Channel History” on page 118. For detailed information on the measurements displayed, please see “Spectrum Analyzer Measurements” on page 115. Figure 60.
Wireless Array You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. Spectrum Analyzer The RF measurements for this feature are obtained by the monitor radio. You must have a radio set to monitor mode for any data to be available. See “IAP Settings” on page 290.
Wireless Array number again. Click Refresh to update the information at any time. Click Auto Refresh to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. Select Display Options Click Channel number to highlight Figure 62. RF Spectrum Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer offers several display options: 114 To display horizontal bar graphs, click the Rotate checkbox at the bottom of the data window. In the rotated view, if you wish to view data as a numerical table, click the Text checkbox.
Wireless Array You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon Sorting is only available in the rotated view. . At the bottom left of the frame, you may select whether to display only 2.4 GHz channels, 5 GHz channels, or both (the default is both). Note that the data is an instantaneous snapshot — it is not an average or a cumulative total.
Wireless Array Average RSSI: Average RSSI level seen on 802.11 packets received on the channel. A dash value “-“means no RSSI data was available for the interval. Average Data Rate: Average data rate over time (per byte, not per packet) seen on 802.11 packets received on the channel. A dash value “-“means no data rate information was available for the interval. A higher date rate (above 6 Mbps) typically indicates user data traffic on the channel.
Wireless Array You can sort the results based on the following parameters by clicking the desired column header: SSID Security BSSID Type Manufacturer Status Channel Discovered RSSI Last Active You can refresh the list at any time by clicking on the Refresh button, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh the list automatically.
Wireless Array Channel History Channel History is not available for Arrays or Access Points featuring 802.11ac IAPs. The RF Monitor — Channel History window focuses on traffic statistics and RF readings observed for just one channel that you select in the Channel field. A new set of readings is added every 10 seconds for a 5 GHz channel, or every 5 seconds for a 2.4 GHz channel. For descriptions of the measurements displayed, please see “Spectrum Analyzer Measurements” on page 115. Figure 64.
Wireless Array Figure 65. RF Monitor — Channel History (Rotated) If you select Rotate and Text together, data is presented as a numerical table. (Figure 66) Click Pause to stop collecting data, or Resume to continue. Figure 66.
Wireless Array Radio Assurance When Radio Assurance mode is enabled, the monitor radio performs loopback tests on the Array’s radios. When problems are encountered, the Array can take various actions to correct them by performing different levels of reset on the affected radio. This window shows which resets, if any, have been performed on which radios since the last reboot.
Wireless Array ArraySee Also IAPs Xirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM) RF Resilience Radio Assurance Viewing Status on the Wireless Array 121
Wireless Array Station Status Windows The following Station Status windows are available: 122 Stations — this list describes all stations associated to the Array. Location Map — displays a map showing the approximate locations of all stations associated to the array. RSSI — for each associated station, this displays the Received Signal Strength Indicator at each of the Array’s IAPs.
Wireless Array Stations This window shows client stations currently visible to the Array. You may choose to view only stations that have Associated to the Array, or include stations that are Unassociated by selecting the appropriate buttons above the list.
Wireless Array You may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header. Click again to reverse the sort order. You may select one or more specific stations and perform one of the following actions by clicking the associated button: Deny Access: Sends a de-authentication frame to the selected station and explicitly denies it access by adding its MAC address to the Deny List in the Access Control List window.
Wireless Array Location Map The Location Map shows the approximate locations of stations relative to this Array. The location of each station is computed based on the RSSI of its signal as received by the Array. The distance is adjusted based on the environment setting that you selected. You may display just the stations associated to this Array, unassociated stations (shown in gray), or both. The station count is shown on the right, above the map.
Wireless Array completely obscure another. You may minimize a station that is not of interest by clicking it. There is also a Minimize All button. You may replace the range-finder background image above with your own custom image of the floor plan of the area served by the Array — see “Working with the Custom Image” on page 128 Hover the mouse over a station to show detailed information.
Wireless Array Display Associated/Unassociated: Select whether to display stations that are associated to the Array, stations that are not associated, or both. Display 2.4 GHz/5 GHz: Select whether to display 802.11bgn stations, or 802.11an stations, or both. Preferred Label: This field is located on the top of the window towards the right. It shows the type of label to be displayed for stations: NetBIOS is the default, else, an IP or MAC address will be used, in that order.
Wireless Array construction), or Indoor dense (many walls or obstructions, or unusually dense walls). Scale: This view-only value shows the approximate distance represented by each hash mark on the default map background. Associated, Unassociated, Total Stations: These view-only values show the station counts observed by the Array.
Wireless Array By default, the RSSI is displayed numerically. You may display the relative strength using color if you select Colorize Intensity, with the strongest signals indicated by the most intense color. (Figure 71) If you select Graph, then the RSSI is shown on a representation of the Array, either colorized or numerically based on your selection. (Figure 72) The stations are listed to the left of the Array — click on a station to show its RSSI values on the Array. Figure 72.
Wireless Array Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) For each station that is associated to the Array, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) window shows the station’s SNR value as measured by each IAP. In other words, the window shows the SNR of the station’s signal at each IAP radio. The signalto-noise ratio can be very useful for determining the cause of poor performance at a station.
Wireless Array the hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically. See Also Station Status Windows RF Monitor Windows Noise Floor For each station that is associated to the Array, the Noise Floor window shows the ambient noise affecting a station’s signal as measured by each IAP. The noise floor is the RSSI value when the station is not transmitting, sometimes called a Silence value.
Wireless Array Figure 76. Station Noise Floor Values — Colorized Graphical View In either graphical or tabular view, you may sort the rows based on any column that has an active column header, indicated when the mouse pointer changes to the hand icon . Click on the Refresh button to refresh the station list, or click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wireless Array Max by IAP This status-only window shows the maximum number of client stations that have historically been associated to the Array. For each IAP, the list shows the IAP’s state and channel number, the current number of stations associated, and the highest number of stations that have been associated over various periods of time: hour, day, week, month, and year.
Wireless Array Station Assurance Station assurance monitors the quality of the connections that users are experiencing on the wireless network. This window shows client stations that have had connectivity issues. You may enable or disable the station assurance feature and set thresholds for the problems that it checks, such as excessive packet retry or packet error rates, or stations that are unable to stay associated to the Array.
Wireless Array Statistics Windows The following Array Statistics windows are available: IAP Statistics Summary — provides an overview of the statistical data associated with all IAPs. Expands to show links for displaying detailed statistics for individual IAPs. Per-IAP Statistics — provides detailed statistics for an individual IAP. Network Statistics — displays statistical data associated with each network (Ethernet) interface.
Wireless Array See Also System Log Window Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgn IAPs Per-IAP Statistics This is a status only window that provides detailed statistics for the selected IAP. Scroll the window down to see a breakout of the statistics by connection rate. For a summary of statistics for all IAPs, see “IAP Statistics Summary” on page 135.
Wireless Array Figure 80. Individual IAP Statistics Page You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button. You can also click in the Auto Refresh check box to instruct the Array to refresh this window automatically.
Wireless Array Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgn IAPs Network Statistics This is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associated with each network (Ethernet) interface and its activity. You can Refresh the data (update the window with the latest information) or Clear the data (reset all content to zero and begin counting again) at any time by clicking on the appropriate button.
Wireless Array VLAN Statistics This is a status only window that allows you to review statistical data associated with your assigned VLANs. You can refresh the information that is displayed on this page at any time by clicking on the Refresh button, or select the Auto Refresh option for this window to refresh automatically. The Clear All button at the lower left allows you to clear (zero out) all VLAN statistics. Figure 82.
Wireless Array See Also VLAN Management VLANs WDS Statistics The main WDS Statistics window provides statistical data for all WDS client and host links. To access data about a specific WDS client or host link, simply click on the desired link in the left frame to access the appropriate window. You may also choose to view a sum of the statistics for all client links, all host links, or all links (both client and host links). Figure 83.
Wireless Array IDS Statistics The Xirrus Array employs a number of IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection System/ Intrusion Prevention System) strategies to detect and prevent malicious attacks on the wireless network. This status-only window provides detailed intrusion detection statistics for the selected IAP. Note that you must have Intrusion Detection Mode enabled to collect IDS statistics. See “Intrusion Detection” on page 348. Information about IDS events is discussed in the “IDS Event Log Window” on page 155.
Wireless Array For example, in Figure 85, the filter Packet/Event Contains assoc finds events that include the string assoc in any position. If you have an Array with 12 IAPs, then IAP Contains 1 will show entries for iap1, iap10, iap11, and iap12. Click the Reset button to return to showing all entries. Figure 85. Filtered IDS Statistics Many of the column headers may be clicked to sort the entries in ascending or descending order based on that column.
Wireless Array Filter Statistics The Filter Statistics window provides statistical data for all configured filters. The name, state (enabled — on or off), and type (allow or deny) of each filter is shown. For enabled filters, this window shows the number of packets and bytes that met the filter criteria. Click on a column header to sort the rows based on that column. Click on a filter name to edit the filter settings. Figure 86.
Wireless Array Station Statistics This status-only window provides an overview of statistical data for all stations. Stations are listed by MAC address, and Receive and Transmit statistics are summarized for each. For detailed statistics for a specific station, click the desired MAC address in the Station column or click the details button station’s Link column, and see “Per-Station Statistics” on page 145. in the Figure 87.
Wireless Array Per-Station Statistics This window provides detailed statistics for the selected station. This window is accessed from the Station Statistics window — click the MAC address of the desired entry in the Station column to display its Per-Station Statistics window. Receive and Transmit statistics are listed by Rate — this is the data rate in Mbps. For a summary of statistics for all stations, see “Station Statistics” on page 144.
Wireless Array Application Control Windows This feature is only available if the Array license includes Application Control. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 387. The Application Control feature provides real-time visibility of application usage by users across the wireless network. Network usage has changed enormously in the last few years, with the increase in smart phone and tablet usage stressing networks.
Wireless Array Application Control can track application usage over time to monitor trends. Usage may be tracked by Array, VLAN, or station. Many hundreds of applications are recognized and grouped into a number of categories. The distributed architecture of Xirrus Arrays allows Application Control to scale naturally as you grow the network. About Risk and Productivity Application Control ranks applications in terms of their levels of risk an productivity.
Wireless Array Application Control This display-only window provides a snapshot of the application usage on your Array. In order to view the Application Control window, the Array must have a license that supports this feature, and you must have enabled the Application Control option on the Filter Lists page (see “Filter Lists” on page 366). Figure 89.
Wireless Array The Application Control window has three sections: Selection Criteria allow you to choose the type of data to show, and to filter for a single VLAN or station. Pie Charts present a color coded at-a-glance view of the top ten applications being used by the network. Traffic Tables beneath the pie charts list the applications in use along with traffic statistics.
Wireless Array By Category: Check this box if you wish to analyze and list traffic by what types of applications are in use, such as Games or Collaboration. Auto Refresh instructs the Array to periodically refresh this window automatically. Use the Refresh button to refresh the window right now. Pie Charts Figure 90. Application Control (Pie Charts) These charts provide a quick way to determine how your wireless bandwidth is being used.
Wireless Array Traffic Tables Figure 91. Application Control (Station Traffic) These tables provide detailed information about how your wireless bandwidth is being used. There are tables for Station Traffic and/or Array Management Traffic, depending on which checkboxes you selected. Similarly, there are tables for By Application and/or By Category, depending on your selections. In addition to showing traffic statistics, there are two unique and highly useful columns.
Wireless Array When you find risky or unproductive applications taking up bandwidth on the network, you can easily create Filters to control them. See “Filter Management” on page 368. You may use filters to: Block problematic traffic, such as BitTorrent or Y8. Prioritize mission critical traffic—by increasing the QoS assigned to the traffic. See “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 256.
Wireless Array System Log Window This is a status only window that allows you to review the system log, where system alerts and messages are displayed. Although there are no configuration options available in this window, you do have the usual choice of deciding how the event messages are sorted by clicking in the column header for the desired field (Time Stamp, Priority, or Message). Time Stamp — sorts the list based on the time the event occurred.
Wireless Array Note that there is a shortcut way to view system log messages. If you click Log Messages near the bottom of the left hand frame, WMI displays counts of log messages at different severity levels. Click a count to display just those messages in the System Log window. See Figure 38 on page 85 for more information.
Wireless Array IDS Event Log Window This status only window displays the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Event log, listing any detected attacks on your network. For descriptions of the types of attacks detected, as well as the settings to fine-tune IDS on the Array, please see “Intrusion Detection” on page 348. The displayed messages may be filtered by using the Filter Event setting, which allows you to select just one type of intrusion to display.
Wireless Array 156 Event — the type of attack, as described in Intrusion Detection. SSID — the SSID that was attacked. MAC Address — the MAC address of the attacker. Period — the length of the window used to determine whether the count of this type of event exceeded the threshold. Current — the count of this type of event for the current period. Average — the average count per period of this type of event. Maximum — the maximum count per period of this type of event.
