IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTICES PREVENTION OF PHYSICAL INJURY 1. Before disassembling or assembling parts of the copier and peripherals, make sure that the copier power cord is unplugged. 2. The wall outlet should be near the copier and easily accessible. 3. Note that some components of the copier and the paper tray unit are supplied with electrical voltage even if the main switch is turned off. 4.
SAFETY AND ECOLOGICAL NOTES FOR DISPOSAL 1. Do not incinerate toner bottles or used toner. Toner dust may ignite suddenly when exposed to an open flame. 2. Dispose of used toner, developer, and organic photoconductors in accordance with local regulations. (These are non-toxic supplies.) 3. Dispose of replaced parts in accordance with local regulations. 4. When keeping used lithium batteries in order to dispose of them later, do not put more than 100 batteries per sealed box.
SECTION 1 OVERALL MACHINE INFORMATION
1 August 1996 SPECIFICATIONS 1.
SPECIFICATIONS 1 August 1996 Power Consumption: Maximum Copying Warm-up Stand-by Auto Shut Off Mainframe Only 120V 220V ~ 240V Less than 1.1 kW Less than 850 W Approx. 470 W Approx. 500 W Approx. 1.0 kW Approx. 750 W Approx. 130 W Approx. 130 W Approx. 2.0 W Approx. 2.2 W Full System 120V 220V ~ 240V Less than 1.2 kW Less than 1 kW Approx. 500 W Approx. 530 W Approx. 1.0 kW Approx. 750 W Approx. 140 W Approx. 140 W Approx. 2.2 W Approx. 2.
1 August 1996 SPECIFICATIONS First Copy Time: Less than 9.8 s (from 1st paper tray to face down copy tray) Less than 8.8 s (from 1st paper tray to face up copy tray) Copy Number Input: Ten-key pad, 1 to 99 (count up or count down) Manual Image Density: 7 steps Automatic Reset: 60 s is the standard setting; it can be changed with a UP mode. Auto Shut Off 15 min. is the standard setting; it can be changed with a UP mode.
MACHINE CONFIGURATION 1 August 1996 2. MACHINE CONFIGURATION D A B E C F A193V501.
1 August 1996 PAPER PATH 3. PAPER PATH Optional 1-bin Sorter Face Down Tray Face Up Tray Optional Duplex Tray Paper Tray Optional Paper Tray Unit A193V005.
MECHANICAL COMPONENT LAYOUT 1 August 1996 4. MECHANICAL COMPONENT LAYOUT 2 35 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 12 13 34 33 14 32 15 31 30 16 17 29 18 19 28 20 27 A193V502.
1 August 1996 MECHANICAL COMPONENT LAYOUT 1. 2nd Mirror 22. Transfer Roller 2. 1st Mirror 23. Separation Brush 3. DF Exposure Glass 24. Transport Vacuum Fan 4. Xenon Lamp 25. Pressure Roller 5. Exposure Glass 26. Hot Roller 6. Original Width Sensors 27. Fusing Exit Roller 7. 1st Mirror 28. Left Vertical Door/Face Up Tray 8. Barrel Toroidal Lens (BTL) 9. Original Length Sensors 10. Lens 11. SBU Board 12. Scanner Motor 13. F-theta Mirror 14. 2nd Mirror (Laser Unit) 15. PCU 29.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS 1 August 1996 5. ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS Refer to the electrical component layout and the point-to-point diagram on the waterproof paper in the pocket for the locations of these components. Index Description No.
1 August 1996 ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS Symbol Index No. S8 9 S9 14 S10 15 S11 16 S12 12 S13 11 S14 59 S15 4 S16 5 S17 6 S18 3 S19 1 S20 23 Switches SW1 SW2 SW3 21 32 13 SW4 20 SW5 19 SW6 26 Description Charge Roller H.P Upper Tray Paper End Lower Tray Paper End By-pass Feed Paper End Registration By-pass Feed Paper Width Humidity Original Width Original Length-1 Original Length-2 Platen Cover Scanner H.P.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS Symbol MC6 MC7 MC8 Index Description No. 44 Lower Paper Feed 39 Registration Development 38 1 August 1996 Note Starts paper feed from the lower paper tray. Drives the registration rollers. Drives the development roller. Solenoids SOL1 48 Junction Gate Moves the junction gate to direct copies to the face up or face down copy tray. Quenching Neutralizes any charge remaining on the drum surface after cleaning. Applies light to the original for exposure.
1 August 1996 DRIVE LAYOUT 6. DRIVE LAYOUT 2 1 3 10 9 8 7 4 A193V503.wmf 6 5 1. Scanner Drive Motor 6. Lower Paper Feed Clutch 2. Development Clutch 7. Lower Relay Clutch 3. Charge Roller Contact 8. Upper Relay Clutch 4. Main Motor 9. Upper Paper Feed Clutch 5. Registration Clutch 10.
COPY PROCESS 1 August 1996 7. COPY PROCESS 7.1 OVERVIEW 1 A193V505.wmf -1750 V Pow er Pack 2 8 3 -140 V -90 V -900 V 4 7 -600 V 6 5 +15 µA +2 kV Pow er Pack A193V506.
1 August 1996 COPY PROCESS 1. EXPOSURE A xenon lamp exposes the original. Light reflected from the original passes to the CCD, where it is converted into an analog data signal. This data is converted to a digital signal, processed, and stored in the memory. At the time of printing, the data is retrieved and sent to the laser diode. For multi-copy runs, the original is scanned once only and stored to the memory. 2.
BOARD STRUCTURE 1 August 1996 8. BOARD STRUCTURE 8.1 OVERVIEW Scanner Motor Flat Cable SBU Harness LD Unit Harness Polygon Mirror Motor Scanner Sensors DF Motor IOCSS BICU DF Sensors, Solenoids Laser Synchronization Signal = Optical Cable Laser Printer Sensors, Solenoids, Motors, Clutches High Voltage Supply MSU Additional Memory Peripheral Sensors, Motors, Solenoids, Clutches Operation Panel Harness Flat Cable Fax Controller Mother Board Printer Controller Standard Option A193V504.
1 August 1996 BOARD STRUCTURE 8.2 DESCRIPTION 1. BICU (Base Engine and Image Control Unit) This is the main board. It controls the following functions: • Engine sequence • Scanner, laser printer engine • Timing control for peripherals • Image processing, video control • Operation control • Corresponding application boards • Machine control, system control 2.
SECTION 2 DETAILED SECTION DESCRIPTIONS
1 August 1996 SCANNING 1. SCANNING 1.1 OVERVIEW [A] [E] A193D001.wmf [G] [F] [D] [C] [B] The original is illuminated by the exposure lamp (a xenon lamp in this model) [A]. The image is reflected onto a CCD (charge coupled device) [B] via the 1st, 2nd, 3rd mirrors, and lens [C]. The 1st scanner [D] consists of the exposure lamp, a reflector [E], and the 1st mirror [F]. The exposure lamp is energized by a dc supply to avoid uneven light intensity as the 1st scanner moves in the sub scan direction.
SCANNING 1.2 1 August 1996 SCANNER DRIVE [H] [G] [B] [A] [E] [D] [G] [F] [C] [E] A193D546.wmf A stepper motor is used to drive the scanner. The 1st and 2nd scanners [A,B] are driven by this scanner drive motor [C] through the timing belt [D], scanner drive pulley [E], scanner drive shaft [F], and two scanner wires [G]. – Book mode – The scanner drive board controls and operates the scanner drive motor. In full size mode, the 1st scanner speed is 90 mm/s during scanning.
1 August 1996 1.3 SCANNING ORIGINAL SIZE DETECTION IN PLATEN MODE [B] [C] A193D526.wmf [A] A193D003.wmf In the optics cavity for original size detection, there are four reflective sensors in the 115V machines, and six reflective sensors in the 230V machines. The Original Width Sensors [A] detect the original width, and the Original Length Sensors [B] detect the original length. These are the APS (Auto Paper Select) sensors. Each APS sensor is a reflective photosensor.
SCANNING 1 August 1996 Original Size Width Sensors Length Sensors A4/A3 version LT/DLT version L1 L2 L3 L4 S1 S2 A3 11" x 17" O O O O O O B4 10" x 14" O O O O O X F4 81/2" x 14" (8" x 13") O O O X X X A4–L 81/2" x 11" O O X X X X B5–L — O X X X X X A4–S 11" x 81/2" X X X X O O B5–S — X X X X O X O: ON X: OFF NOTE: The length sensors L3 and L4 are used only for 230V machines. For other combinations, "CANNOT DETECT ORIG.
1 August 1996 IMAGE PROCESSING 2. IMAGE PROCESSING OVERVIEW CCD 2.1 SBU Fax Controller Drum LD Driver TX LD Controller (GAVD) IPU FCI LDDR BICU RX MSU Printer Controller Fax Controller A193D501.wmf The CCD generates an analog video signal. The SBU (Sensor Board Unit) converts the analog signal to an 8-bit digital signal, then it sends the digital signal to the BICU (Base-engine and Image Control Unit) board.
IMAGE PROCESSING 2.2 1 August 1996 SBU (SENSOR BOARD UNIT) SBU Amp. CCD ODD EVEN BICU Z/C Z/C A/D AGC Vin Reference Controller ref IPU Analog Processing IC Z/C: Zero Clamp AGC: Automatic Gain Control Circuit A193D502.wmf The CCD converts the light reflected from the original into an analog signal. The CCD line has 5,000 pixels and the resolution is 400 dpi (15.7 lines/mm). The CCD has two output lines, for odd and even pixels, to the analog processing IC.
1 August 1996 2.3 IMAGE PROCESSING AUTO IMAGE DENSITY (ADS) [A] Sub scan direction A193D004.wmf This mode prevents the background of an original from appearing on copies. The copier scans the auto image density detection area [A] as shown in the diagram. This corresponds to a few mm at one end of the main scan line. As the scanner scans down the page, the IPU on the BICU detects the peak white level for each scan line.
IMAGE PROCESSING 2.4 1 August 1996 IPU (IMAGE PROCESSING UNIT) 2.4.1 Overview BICU SBU + Tx IPU Fax controller CPU BUS MSU CPU + GAVD FCI 1 bit Data + + + LD Unit + Printer controller 8 bit Data Rx Fax Controller A193D527.wmf The image data from the SBU goes to the IPU (Image Processing Unit) IC on the BICU board, which carries out the following processes on the image data: 1. Auto shading 2. Filtering (MTF and smoothing) 3. Magnification 4. γ correction 5. Grayscale processing 6.
1 August 1996 IMAGE PROCESSING 2.4.
IMAGE PROCESSING 1 August 1996 2.4.3 Auto Shading A193D517.wmf As with the previous digital copiers, there are two auto shading methods. One is black level correction and the other is white level correction. Auto shading corrects errors in the signal level for each pixel. 1) Black Level Correction The CPU reads the black dummy data from one end of the CCD signal (64 pixels at the end are blacked off) and takes the average of the black dummy data.
1 August 1996 IMAGE PROCESSING 2.4.4 Filtering and Main Scan Magnification/Reduction 1. Overview After auto shading, the image data is processed by both filtering and main scan magnification. However, to reduce the occurrence of moire in the image, the processing order is different depending on the reproduction ratio, as follows. 1) Reduction and Full size Main Scan Reduction → Filtering 2) Enlargement Filtering → Main Scan Magnification 2.
IMAGE PROCESSING 1 August 1996 3. Main Scan Magnification/Reduction Reduction and enlargement in the sub scan direction are done by changing the scanner speed. However, reduction and enlargement in the main scan direction are handled by the IPU chip. The processing for main scan magnification/reduction is the same as in the previous digital machines. [A] A193D504.wmf When making a copy using the ADF, the magnification circuit creates a mirror image.
1 August 1996 IMAGE PROCESSING 2.4.5 Gamma (γ) Correction Gamma correction ensures accurate generation of the various shades in the gray scale from black to white, accounting for the characteristics of the scanner and printer. Scanner gamma correction corrects the data output to the IPU to account for the characteristics of the scanner (e.g., CCD response, scanner optics).
IMAGE PROCESSING 1 August 1996 1. Grayscale Processing As stated on the previous page, this process generates up to 64 image density levels for each pixel. To realize this, this machine uses a form of pulse width modulation.
1 August 1996 IMAGE PROCESSING 3. Error Diffusion This is used only in Text/Photo mode. The error diffusion process reduces the difference in contrast between light and dark areas of a halftone image. Each pixel is corrected using the difference between it and the surrounding pixels. The corrected pixels are then compared with a error diffusion matrix. Separate error diffusion matrixes are used for copy mode and fax mode.
IMAGE PROCESSING 2.5 1 August 1996 MSU (MEMORY SUPER-CHARGER UNIT) IPU DRAM Memory Controller CPU BUS MSU BICU A193D528.wmf The MSU consists of the memory controller and the DRAM. The functions of each device are as follows. Memory Controller: Compressing the 1-bit image data Image rotation Image data transfer to the DRAM DRAM (standard 4MB): Stores the compressed data (2 MB) Working area (2 MB) The data which was treated with binary picture processing goes to the MSU.
1 August 1996 2.6 IMAGE PROCESSING FCI (FINE CHARACTER AND IMAGE) The FCI performs image smoothing and line width correction. These functions only affect binary picture processed images in Letter mode. The fax board and the printer controller each have independent smoothing circuits. A193D511.wmf Usually, binary picture processing generates jagged edges on characters as shown in the above left illustration. The FCI reduces jagged edges of characters using the image smoothing process.
LASER EXPOSURE 1 August 1996 3. LASER EXPOSURE 3.1 OVERVIEW This machine uses a laser diode to produce electrostatic images on an OPC drum. The laser diode unit converts image data from the BICU board into laser pulses, and the optical components direct these pulses to the drum. To produce a high quality copy image, these are 64 gradations for the laser pulses, controlled through power modulation and pulse width modulation. Exposure of the drum by the laser beam creates the latent image.
1 August 1996 3.2 LASER EXPOSURE OPTICAL PATH [B] [E] [F] [D] [G] [H] [A] [C] [E] [D] [B] [G] [H] [F] A193D523.wmf The output path from the laser diode to the drum is shown above. The LD unit [A] outputs the laser beam to the polygon mirror [B] through the cylindrical lens [C]. Each surface of the polygon mirror reflects a full main scan line. The laser beam goes to the F-theta mirror [D], 1st mirror [E], and BTL [F].
LASER EXPOSURE 3.3 1 August 1996 GRADATION CONTROL (LASER POWER MODULATION) PM (8 levels) Data: 0 Data: 3 Data: 7 1 1 Data: 11 Data: 15 Data: 34 Data: 63 7 5 3 1 0 PWM 0 (8 levels) 1 dot 7 2 2 5 7 A193D519.wmf Black White 63 A193d520.wmf To make the latent image, the laser beam illuminates the image area of the drum surface. The longer the laser is on and the stronger its intensity is, the darker the developed pixel becomes.
1 August 1996 3.4 LASER EXPOSURE AUTO POWER CONTROL (APC) LD Drive Board LD5V LD IC 1 IC 3 IC 2 DATA LD1 DATA LVL2 PD LDOFF LVL1 ERR LEVEL LDERR LDOFF A193D521.wmf Even if a constant electric current is applied to the laser diode, the intensity of the output light changes with the temperature. The intensity of the output decreases as the temperature increases.
LASER EXPOSURE 3.5 1 August 1996 LD SAFETY SWITCHES A193D008.wmf To ensure that the laser beam does not inadvertently expose the drum during servicing, there are two safety switches located at the front cover. These two switches are installed in series on the LD5 V line coming from the dc power supply board. When the front cover is opened, the power supply to the laser diode is interrupted.
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4. PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.1 OVERVIEW 10 13 11 12 1 2 3 9 4 6 5 8 7 A193D010.wmf The PCU consists of the components shown in the above illustration. An organic photoconduntor (OPC) drum (diameter: 30 mm) is used in this machine. 1. OPC Drum 8. Toner Collection Coil 2. Doctor Blade 9. Cleaning Blade 3. Developer Cartridge 10. Charge Roller Thermistor 4. TD Sensor 11. Charge Roller 5. Mixing Auger 1 12. Charge Roller Cleaning Pad 6.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.2 1 August 1996 DRIVE MECHANISM [B] [D] [C] [A] A193D542.wmf The drive from the main motor [A] is transmitted to the drum through a series of gears, a timing belt [B], and the drum drive shaft [C]. The main motor has a drive controller, which outputs a motor lock signal when the rotation speed is out of the specified range. The fly-wheel [D] on the end of the drum drive shaft stabilizes the rotation speed (this prevents banding and jitter from appearing on copies).
1 August 1996 4.3 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) NEW PCU DETECTION MECHANISM [A] A193D535.wmf [B] [B] A193D536.mwf The PCU sensor [A] detects when a new PCU is installed. Each PCU has an actuator. When a new PCU is installed in the machine, the actuator [B] pushes the PCU sensor. The actuator is a sector gear, and this gear engages with the drum gear. When the drum rotates, the actuator is released from the drum gear.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.4 1 August 1996 DRUM CHARGE 4.4.1 Overview [C] [E] [D] [A] [B] [F] A193Dd543.wmf This copier uses a drum charge roller system instead of a corona wire scorotron system to charge the drum. For the copy image area or during roller cleaning, the drum charge roller [A] contacts the surface of the drum [B] to give it a negative charge. The drum charge roller system has the following advantages over the corona wire scorotron charge system.
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.4.2 Charge Roller Contact Mechanism [A] [B] [D] [E] [C] [D] [E] [C] A193D543.wmf A193D014.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 1 August 1996 4.4.3 Drum Charge Roller Cleaning [B] [A] [C] [C] A193D544.wmf A193D015.wmf If the drum charge roller gets dirty, drum charge efficiency decreases. This affects the copy quality, for example causing vertical black lines. Drum charge roller cleaning is done for 2 seconds after every copy job. After the copy job, the charge roller contact clutch is driven another third of a rotation (see the diagram at the bottom of the previous page).
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.4.4 Temperature Compensation [A] A193D012-3.wmf The voltage transferred from roller to drum varies with the temperature around the drum charge roller. The lower the temperature is, the higher the applied voltage required. To compensate for this, the drum charge thermistor [A] detects the temperature around the drum charge roller.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.5 1 August 1996 DEVELOPMENT 4.5.1 Overview [D] [C] [G] [A] [F] [B] [E] A193D010-3.wmf This copier uses a single roller development system. The developer cartridge [A], which includes the developer, is just above the development unit section of the PCU. At machine installation, the developer falls into the development unit. The mixing augers [B] transport the developer and toner to the development roller [C].
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.5.2 Drive Mechanism [B] [A] [D] [C] A193D017.wmf When the development clutch [D] turns on, main motor drive is transmitted to the development drive shaft [A] and the development drive gear [B] through a timing belt [C], and a train of gears. The development drive gears (except for the gears in the development unit) are helical gears. These gears are quieter than normal gears.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 1 August 1996 4.5.3 Mixing [C] [A] [B] A193D016.wmf This copier uses 2 mixing augers, [A] and [B], to keep the developer evenly mixed. Mixing auger 1 [A] transports excess developer, scraped off the development roller [C] by the doctor blade, towards the front of the machine. Mixing auger 2 [B] returns the excess developer, along with new toner, to the rear of the mixing assembly. Here the developer is reapplied to the development roller.
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.5.4 Development Bias [A] [C] [B] A193D534.wmf This machine uses a negative-positive development system, in which black areas of the latent image are at a low negative charge (about -140 ± 50 V) and white areas are at a high negative charge (about -900 V).
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 1 August 1996 4.5.5 Toner Density Control - Toner Density Control Flow Chart Copy 1 VT detection 2 VTREF determination VTE determination VT – VTREF = ∆VT 3 Has the copy job been finished? Yes VT > VTE No Yes No 4 No ∆VT > 0 Yes Have 30 copies been made? Yes See the Toner End Detection Flow Chart No 5 Toner supply motor on time calculation A193D545.mwf Each step is explained in more detail on the following pages.
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) - Toner Density Sensor - A193D522.wmf Developer consists of carrier particles (ferrite) and toner particles (resin and pigment). Inside the development unit, developer passes through a magnetic field created by coils inside the toner density sensor, When the toner concentration changes, the voltage output of the sensor changes accordingly. The output from the sensor (VT) is checked before every copy.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 1 August 1996 - Toner Density Sensor Initial Setting The TD sensor initial setting procedure is performed in the factory. During TD initial setting, the machine calibrates the TD sensor control voltage (VCONT) so that the TD sensor output voltage is 2.0 ± 0.1V using new developer with a standard toner concentration (6% by weight, 21.6 g of toner in 360 g of developer). This factory-adjusted value will be used for toner density control processing.
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) - Toner Supply Motor On Time Calculation The toner motor on time is decided by the following factors (point "5" on the flow chart). • ∆VT (this is VT - VTREF) • Copy volume counter • Paper size The copy volume counter (CVOL) is determined as follows: 0: 1-9 consecutive copies have been made with ∆VT > 0 1: 10-19 consecutive copies have been made with ∆VT > 0 If ∆VT becomes negative at any time (i.e., there is enough toner), CVOL decreases to 0.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 1 August 1996 4.5.7 Toner Supply - Toner Bottle Replenishment Mechanism [E] [F] [G] [C] [D] A193D516.wmf [A] [H] [B] [E] [F] [G] A193D019.wmf When a toner bottle is placed on the bottle holder unit [A] and pushed back in completely and the toner bottle holder lever [B] is put back in the original position, the following happens automatically to allow toner to be supplied to the development unit.
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) - Toner Supply Mechanism [D] [C] [A] A193D020.wmf [B] The toner supply motor [A] drives the toner bottle [B] and the mylar blades [C]. First, the toner falls down into the toner holder. The toner supply mylar blades transfer the toner to the slit [D], then the toner falls down into the development unit through the opening.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 1 August 1996 - Toner Near End/End Detection Copy Has the copy job been finished? VT detection Yes 4 No V TREF determination VT > VTE – 0.
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) There is no toner end sensor in this machine. Instead, toner end/near-end is detected using the TD sensor output data. The machine checks for toner near end/end every copy. If toner near-end or toner end is detected during the copy job, it is also checked after finishing the copy job. To detect toner near end, the machine first decides the toner end reference voltage (VTE) based on the TD sensor initial setting and the humudity sensor output.
PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.6 1 August 1996 DRUM CLEANING AND TONER RECYCLING 4.6.1 Drum Cleaning [A] [B] A193d010.wmf 5 mm A193D529.wmf The cleaning blade [A] removes any toner remaining on the drum after the image is transferred to the paper. This model uses a counter blade system. The toner remaining on the drum is scraped off by the cleaning blade, and it falls onto the toner collection coil [B].
1 August 1996 PCU (PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT) 4.6.2 Toner Recycling [A] [C] [B] A193D016.wmf Toner which falls onto the toner collection coil [A] is transported to the recycled toner transport belt [B] at the front of the PCU. The recycled toner transport belt carries the toner to mixing auger 2 [C] in the development unit. This toner is mixed with new toner by mixing auger 2 and used again.
PAPER FEED 1 August 1996 5. PAPER FEED 5.1 OVERVIEW [E] [A] [D] [F] [B] [G] [C] A193D022.wmf There are two paper trays and a by-pass feed table [A]. The first [B] and second [C] paper trays each hold 250 sheets. The by-pass feed table can hold 1, 10, or 100 sheets of paper, depending on the paper size. The semicircular feed rollers [D] drive the top sheet of paper from the tray to the registration rollers [E] through the relay rollers [F].
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED 5.2 PAPER TRAY 5.2.1 Paper Feed Drive Mechanism [C] [A] [B] [C] A193D033.wmf The main motor [A] drives the pick-up and feed mechanism of both the first and second paper trays. The paper feed clutches [B] transfer drive from this motor to the feed rollers [C]. The paper feed clutch turns on and the feed rollers start rotating to feed the paper. The paper feed clutch stays on for enough time to turn the paper feed rollers only once.
PAPER FEED 1 August 1996 5.2.2 Paper Lift Mechanism [F] [D] [E] [A] [C] A193D024.wmf [F] [E] [B] When the paper tray [A] is closed after paper is loaded, the release slider [B], which is mounted on the bottom part of the tray, is pushed by the projection [C] on the main frame and the release slider comes off the bottom plate hook [D]. Once the release slider comes off, the bottom plate is raised by the pressure springs [E] and the top sheet pushes up the corner separators [F].
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED 5.2.3 Paper End Detection [B] [D] [A] [E] [C] A193D027.wmf The paper end feeler [A] is on the same shaft as the paper end actuator [B]. When the paper tray runs out of paper, the paper end feeler drops into the cutout [C] in the tray bottom plate. The paper end actuator activates the paper end sensor [D]. The paper end actuator is in contact with the lever [E]. When the tray is drawn out, the lever turns as shown by the arrow in the figure.
PAPER FEED 1 August 1996 5.2.4 Side Fence Double Stopper Mechanism [B] [A] [B] [A] A193D026.wmf There is a side fence stopper mechanism for both the front and rear side fences. If the tray is closed with excessive force after loading paper, paper may come over the rear side fence, because the fence is deformed by the weight of the paper leaning against it. As a result, skewing or paper jams may occur. To prevent this, a side fence stopper mechanism has been added to the rear side fence also.
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED 5.2.5 Paper Size Detection SW 1 2 3 4 ● ● ● ● ● ❍ ● ❍ ● ● ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ Size A3, F( 81/2"x13" ) A4 Lengthwise A4 Sideways A5 Sideways, 11"x17" [A] B4, 81/2"x14" B5 Sideways, 81/2"x11" B5 Lengthwise, 11"x81/2" * (Asterisk) [B] A193D025.wmf●: ❍ ● ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ● ❍ ❍ ❍ ● ● ON (Not pushed) ❍: OFF (Pushed) There are four paper size sensors (microswitches) [A] on the front right plate of the main frame.
PAPER FEED 1 August 1996 5.3 BY-PASS FEED 5.3.1 Overview [A] A193D022-2.wmf The by-pass feed table [A] can hold 100 sheets of paper. This machine does not have a by-pass feed cover sensor. The by-pass feed indicator is always displayed on the LCD. The Add Paper indicator will light when the user selects by-pass feed while the by-pass feed table is closed or if there is no paper on the by-pass feed table.
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED 5.3.2 Paper Feed Mechanism and Paper End Detection [D] [C] [A] [B] A193D029.wmf A193D028.wmf [E] A193D033-2.wmf This machine uses a feed roller and friction pad mechanism, with drive from the main motor transmitted when the by-pass feed clutch [E] turns on. The friction pad prevents all but the top sheet from feeding. Therefore, during paper feed, the top sheet of paper is separated from the stack and fed to the registration rollers.
PAPER FEED 1 August 1996 5.3.3 By-pass Feed Paper Width Detection [A] [C] [B] A193D030.wmf [A] [C] A193D524.wmf The paper width switch [A] is a slide switch located inside the by-pass feed table [B]. It measures the paper width manually. The rear side fence is connected to the terminal plate [C]. When the side fences are moved to match the paper width, the terminal plate slides along the wiring patterns on the detection board.
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED 5.4 PAPER REGISTRATION [C] [B] [A] A193D032.wmf Main motor rotation is transmitted to the registration clutch [A] (located on the lower registration roller shaft) through the relay gears [B]. The registration sensor [C] is positioned just before the registration rollers. When the paper leading edge activates the registration sensor, the registration clutch turns off and the registration rollers stop turning. However, the relay clutch stays on for a bit longer.
IMAGE TRANSFER AND PAPER SEPARATION 1 August 1996 6. IMAGE TRANSFER AND PAPER SEPARATION [B] 6.1 OVERVIEW [C] [A] A193D538-2.wmf [D] [A] A193D021.wmf Instead of using a transfer wire and a transfer belt, this machine uses a transfer roller [A], which touches the drum surface. The high voltage supply board [B] supplies a positive current (approximately +15 µA) to the transfer roller.
1 August 1996 IMAGE TRANSFER AND PAPER SEPARATION 6.2 IMAGE TRANSFER AND PAPER SEPARATION MECHANISM FGATE: Laser main scan writing start signal A193D530.wmf The transfer roller starts rotating at the same time as the main motor starts to rotate. 1. When the CPU receives the image writing start signal (FGATE signal), the CPU instructs the power pack to supply +10 µA (low transfer bias) to the roller. This prevents any positively charged toner on the drum surface from transferring to the transfer roller.
IMAGE TRANSFER AND PAPER SEPARATION 1 August 1996 6.3 ROLLER CLEANING A193D531.wmf If the paper size is smaller than the printed image, or if a paper jam occurs during printing, toner may be transferred to the roller surface. To prevent this toner from transferring to the back side of copies, the transfer roller has to be cleaned before the next printing run. During transfer roller cleaning, the power pack supplies a negative cleaning bias (- 4 µA) to the transfer roller.
1 August 1996 IMAGE TRANSFER AND PAPER SEPARATION 6.4 PAPER SEPARATION AND TRANSPORTATION [B] [A] A193D538.wmf [A] A193D021-2 The discharge brush [A] and the curvature of the drum help the paper to drop away from the drum. The high voltage supply board [B] applies a constant dc voltage, +2 kV (when feeding from a paper tray), or +2.5 kV (from the duplex tray) to the discharge brush. The transport fan helps to transport the paper from the transfer area to the fusing unit.
IMAGE FUSING 1 August 1996 7. IMAGE FUSING 7.1 OVERVIEW 1 10 2 9 3 4 8 5 6 7 A193D034.wmf The fusing unit consists of the following parts. 1. Fusing thermofuse 6. Pressure lever 2. Hot roller 7. Cleaning roller 3. Fusing thermistor 8. Pressure spring 4. Lower entrance guide 9. Hot roller strippers 5. Pressure roller 10.
1 August 1996 IMAGE FUSING 7.2 FUSING DRIVE AND RELEASE MECHANISM [F] [C] [B] [D] [A] [E] A193D036.wmf The main motor [A] drives the fusing unit through a train of gears. The fusing unit drive release mechanism automatically disengages the fusing unit drive gear [B] when the front cover [C] is opened. This allows the fusing unit drive gear to rotate freely so that misfed paper can be easily removed. When the front cover is opened, the actuator plate [D] pulls release wire [E].
IMAGE FUSING 1 August 1996 7.3 FUSING ENTRANCE GUIDE SHIFT MECHANISM [B] [C] [A] A193D539.wmf The entrance guide [A] for this machine has two holes on the rear side of the entrance guide to adjust for thick or thin paper. Normally, the upper screw hole [B] is used. For thin paper, move the entrance guide up by securing it with screw hole [C]. This slightly lengthens the paper path, which prevents the paper from creasing in the fusing unit.
1 August 1996 IMAGE FUSING 7.4 PRESSURE ROLLER [B] [A] A193D035.wmf The pressure roller is made of silicone rubber with teflon tube coating. The pressure spring [A] constantly applies pressure between the hot roller and the pressure roller. The pressure roller can be changed by adjusting the position of the pressure springs. The middle position [B] is the normal setting. The upper position increases the pressure and this prevents insufficient fusing. 7.5 CLEANING MECHANISM [B] [A] A193D537.
IMAGE FUSING 1 August 1996 7.6 FUSING TEMPERATURE CONTROL (° C ) 200 180 165 150 100 50 S ta n d by M a in S W O N A193D525.wmf When the main switch turns on, the CPU checks the ac frequency for 500 ms. Then the CPU turns on the fusing lamp. When the thermistor detects the stand-by temperature (165 °C), the machine can start to print. When the thermistor detects the operating fusing temperature (180 °C), the CPU maintains this temperature using phase control.
1 August 1996 ENERGY SAVER MODES 8. ENERGY SAVER MODES 8.1 OVERVIEW When the machine is not used, the energy saver function reduces power consumption by decreasing the fusing temperature. This machine has three types of energy saver mode as shown below. 1. Auto Energy Saver Mode 2. Auto Shut Off Mode 3. Night Mode These modes are controlled by the following UP modes.
ENERGY SAVER MODES 1 August 1996 8.2 COPIER ONLY Clear Mode/Energy Saver Key System Auto Reset Timer Clear Mode/Energy Saver Key Original in the DF DF lifted up Auto Energy Saver Mode Energy Saver Level 1 or 2 Fusing lamp to low temperature Energy Saver LED On CPU/GAPD On Auto Shut Off Timer Stand-by Mode Main Switch Off Auto Shut Off Mode Fusing Lamp Off Energy Saver LED Off CPU/GAPD Off Main Switch On A193D547.
1 August 1996 ENERGY SAVER MODES +5VE is the 5 volt supply for energy saver mode. It saves energy by supplying +5V power only for the components needed in energy saver mode. Note that turning the main switch off is the same as entering auto shut off mode.
ENERGY SAVER MODES 1 August 1996 8.
1 August 1996 ENERGY SAVER MODES Entering auto shut off mode The machine only enters auto shut off mode if the main switch is turned off. In this mode, the fusing lamp turns off and the machine will not print anything coming in from a computer.
ENERGY SAVER MODES 1 August 1996 8.4 COPIER/FAX, COPIER/PRINTER/FAX ‘ Clear Mode/Energy Saver Key System Auto Reset Timer Stand-by Mode Clear Mode/Energy Saver Key Original in the DF DF lifted up Ringing signal detected NCU off hook (start of dialing) Auto Energy Saver Mode Energy Saver Level 1 or 2 Fusing lamp: Low temp.
1 August 1996 ENERGY SAVER MODES What happens in energy saver modes 1 and 2 The behaviour in these levels is the same also (fusing lamp at low temperature). However, there are two extra cases for leaving energy saver mode: • Ringing signal detected • NCU off-hook (the machine starts to dial a fax number) If the auto shut off timer runs out while the main switch is still on, the machine enters energy saver level 4. What happens in energy saver mode 4 In this mode, the fusing lamp switches off.
ENERGY SAVER MODES 1 August 1996 Power Consumption Mode Energy Saver Level 1 Energy Saver Level 2 Energy Saver Level 4 Night Mode Level 1 Main Energy Fusing System Switch Saver LED Lamp +5V On On 165°C On On On 140°C (115V) Room T (230V) On On On Off On Off Off Off On Off Off Off Off Night Mode Level 2 2-70 Note The machine returns to standby mode if the DF is lifted or an original is placed in the ADF. Incoming faxes and data from a PC are printed.
1 August 1996 ENERGY SAVER MODES 8.5 ENERGY SAVER CONTROL The block diagram on the next page shows the relationship between the power supply signals and the command signals for energy saver mode. There are two CPUs for energy saver mode. One is the CPU/GAPD (Gate Array Power Drive) on the BICU board and the other is the Energy Saver CPU on the FCU board. The +5VE supply is for energy saver mode, and it is always supplied to the machine. The +5V supply is shut down in some energy saver modes.
ENERGY SAVER MODES 1 August 1996 - Block Diagram Application I/F Operation Panel I/F +5VE +5VE +5VE FCU +5VE Main Switch SW_OUT +5VE SW_IN Hook +24V TRG IC11 HIC Ring NCU /SW_TRG +24VE +5VE +5VE 10k Energy Saver CPU /SW_ON +5V +5V /RTRG +5V +5V Energy Saver key +5V /OP_KEY /OP KEY SCP /SN_ON /SW_ON GOPC DC/DC /EX/FCU +5VE CPU/ GAPD +5V +5VE +5V /OP_LED +5V +5V Energy Saver LED Printer Controller +5VE +5VE CPU +5V Operation Panel /SN_ON BICU +5VE +5VE Original Set
1 August 1996 ENERGY SAVER MODES 8.6 ENERGY SAVER TIMING CHARTS 1. Auto Energy Saver mode: On Auto Shut Off mode: On - Copier Configuration System Auto Reset Timer (0 ~ 180 s) Auto Shut Off Timer (5 ~ 120 min.) On Energy Saver LED Off On Main Switch Off Energy saver level 1 Energy saver level 2 Power Consumption 1.5 W (Copier) A193D532.wmf - Copier + Fax and Copier + Fax + Printer Configurations - System Auto Reset Timer (0 ~ 180 s) Auto Shut Off Timer (5 ~ 120 min.
ENERGY SAVER MODES 2. Auto Energy Saver mode: Off 1 August 1996 Auto Shut Off mode: On - All configurations System Auto Reset Timer (0 ~ 180 s) Auto Shut Off Timer (5 ~ 120 min.) On Energy Saver LED Off On Main Switch Off 1.5 W (Copier and Copier + Printer) 3.5 W (Copier + Fax) 28 W (Full options) Power Consumption A193D514.
1 August 1996 PAPER EXIT 9. PAPER EXIT [A] [B] A193D039.mwf The copy from the fusing unit goes either upwards to deliver the copy paper to the face down tray, or straight through to the face up tray, depending on the junction gate [A]. The junction gate solenoid [B] operates the junction gate. Usually, the junction gate is off and the copy goes up to the face down copy tray. When the junction gate solenoid is energized, the junction gate is opened. Then the copy goes through to the face up copy tray.
SECTION 3 INSTALLATION
1 August 1996 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1.1 ENVIRONMENT 1. Temperature Range: 10 OC to 30 OC (50 OF to 86 OF) 2. Humidity Range: 15 % to 90 % RH 3. Ambient Illumination: Less than 1,500 lux (Do not expose to direct sunlight.) 4. Ventilation: Room air should turn over at least 30 m3/hr/person 5. Ambient Dust: Less than 0.10 mg/m3 (2.7 x 10 -6 oz/yd3) 6. Avoid an area which is exposed to sudden temperature changes.
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 1 August 1996 1.3 MINIMUM SPACE REQUIREMENTS Place the copier near the power source, providing clearance as shown: C 15 cm (5.9") 11 cm (4.4") 10 cm (4.0") 55 cm (21.7") 10 cm (4.0") 58 cm (22.9") D B A A: In front: B: Left: C: To rear: D: Right: A193I512.wmf Over 75 cm (29.6") Over 34 cm (13.4") Over 1 cm (0.4") Over 31 cm (12.2") NOTE: The 75 cm recommended for the front space is for pulling out the paper tray only.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION 2. COPIER INSTALLATION 2.1 ACCESSORY CHECK Check the quantity and condition of the accessories in the box against the following list: No.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 2.2 COPIER INSTALLATION PROCEDURE A193I500.wmf [A] A193I501.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Remove the tapes on the exterior of the copier. 2. Open the front cover [A]. 3. Remove the tapes inside the copier.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION [B] [A] A193I514.wmf A193I515.wmf 4. Unpack the new PCU. 5. Remove 2 clamps [A] and drum protection sheet [B] from the new PCU. NOTE: Do not touch the photoconductor. If you do, copy quality may be abnormal. 6. Insert the new PCU into the machine. Push the new PCU in until the release lever locks.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 [A] A193I502.wmf [B] [C] A193I503.wmf 7. Peel the sealing tape [A] off the development unit to install the developer. 8. Raise the toner bottle holder lever [B] and pull the toner bottle holder [C] out. 9. Shake the toner bottle well. NOTE: Do not remove the bottle cap of the toner bottle at this time.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION [C] [A] [D] [H] [B] A193I504.wmf [E] [F] [G] A193I505.wmf 10. Unscrew the bottle cap [A] and insert the bottle into the holder [B]. NOTE: Do not open the inner bottle cap [C]. 11. Reposition the holder and press down the holder lever [D] to secure the bottle. 12. Install the optional platen cover if required: 1) Install two stud screws on the top cover. 2) Position the platen cover bracket on the stud screws and slide it to the left. 13.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 2.3 AUTO DOCUMENT FEEDER INSTALLATION A628I501.wmf [G] [A] A628I500.wmf [F] [B] [E] [H] [D] [C] A628I502.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. NOTE: When installing the DF, use the tool [A] in the accessory bag or a usual screw driver. 1. Unplug the document feeder. Then, remove all tapes. 2. Remove the left scale [B] (2 screws). 3. Place the DF exposure glass [C] on the glass holder. 4.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION [A] [B] A628I503.wmf [C] A628I505.wmf 7. Install the DF unit [A]. 8. Slide the DF to the left, then secure the DF unit with 2 screws (M4 x 10). 9. Connect the I/F harness [B] to the copier. 10. Attach the original direction decal [C] to the DF table as shown. 11. Turn the ac and main switches on. Then, check if the document feeder works properly.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 2.4 PAPER TRAY UNIT INSTALLATION G697I500.wmf G697I501.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Unpack the paper tray unit. Then, remove the tapes (7 tapes).
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION [D] [C] [B] G697I503.wmf [A] G697I502.wmf [E] [G] [F] G697I504.wmf 2. Place the copier on the paper tray unit [A] with the pegs [B] fitting into the copier’s peg holes. 3. Remove the copier’s second paper tray [C]. 4. Secure the knob screw [D]. 5. Push the copier’s second paper tray back into the copier. 6. Remove the connector cover [E]. 7. Connect the paper feed unit harness [F] to the copier. 8. Reinstall the connector cover. 9.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 [D] [A] [B] [C] G697I505.wmf [E] [F] [E] [F] G697I506.wmf 10. Pull out the paper tray [A] and turn the paper size dial [B] to select the appropriate size. Then, adjust the side guides [C] and end guide [D] to match the paper size. 11. Turn the ac and main switches on. Then, check if the paper tray unit works properly. 12. Install the rear hooks of the stands [E] until they snap into place (1 screw). 13.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION 2.5 DUPLEX UNIT INSTALLATION [A] G694I500.wmf [C] G694I508.wmf [B] [D] G694I502.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Unpack the inverter unit and duplex unit and remove the tapes (7 tapes) and two knob screws [A]. 2. Open the front cover [B]. 3. Slide the two hinges [C] inward and remove them as shown in the illustration. Then, remove the front cover. 4. Remove the inverter unit cover [D] (1 screw).
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 [A] G694I503.wmf G694I504.wmf [B] G694I505.wmf 5. Swing the lower transport guide plate [A] down as shown in the illustration. 6. Remove the lower transport guide plate and pull it out as shown in the illustration. 7. Push the inverter unit [B] in until the pin is completely inserted in the pin hole. 8. Secure the inverter unit with the screw which was removed in step 4.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION [B] [A] G694I506.wmf [C] [D] G694I507.wmf 9. Swing the upper inverter guide plate [A] up as shown in the illustration and secure it with the magnets [B] at front and rear. 10. Reinstall the front cover. 11. Pull out the 1st paper tray [C]. 12. Push the duplex unit [D] into the place where the 1st paper tray was. 13. Turn the ac and main switches on and check if the duplex unit works properly.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 2.6 1-BIN SORTER INSTALLATION A629I500.wmf [A] A629I501.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Unpack the copy tray and remove the tape. 2. Remove the left upper cover [A] (1 screw).
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION [A] [B] [D] A629I502.wmf [C] [E] [H] [F] [G] A629I503.wmf 3. Insert the hooks on the 1-bin sorter tray into the slots in the sorter unit [A]. 4. Hook the clips on the 1-bin sorter unit onto the stud pins [B] on the copier. 5. Insert the pins [C] into the pin holes in the copier. Make sure to rest the 1-bin sorter tray on the tray support [D]. NOTE: Do not pinch the I/F harness [E]. 6. Open the left cover [F] and secure the unit (2 screws [G]).
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 2.7 MEMORY BOARD [C] [B] [A] A193I041.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Remove the rear cover. (See Rear Cover Removal in Section 6.) 2. Install the spacer [A]. 3. Install the memory board [B] on the MSU board [C]. 4. Reassemble the machine.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION 2.8 KEY COUNTER HOLDER INSTALLATION [A] [E] A193I043.wmf [C] [B] A193I044.wmf [D] 1. Remove the caps [A]. 2. Secure the front key counter bracket [B] (1 screw). 3. Secure the rear key counter bracket [C] (1 screw). 4. Install the stepped screw [D] into the front key counter bracket. 5. Plug the connector [E] into the rear key counter bracket.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 [A] [B] [C] [D] A193I506.wmf [E] [G] [F] A193I045.wmf 6. Hold the key counter plate nuts [A] on the inside of the key counter bracket [B] and insert the key counter holder [C]. 7. Secure the key counter holder to the bracket (2 screws). 8. Install the key counter cover [D] (2 screws). 9. Connect the connector of the key counter holder. 10. Hook the key counter holder assembly [E] onto the stepped screw [F]. 11.
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION 2.9 ANTI-CONDENSATION HEATER INSTALLATION [A] [E] [B] [F] [C] [D] A193I511.wmf [G] A193I510.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Remove the rear cover and lens cover. (See Rear Cover Removal and Lens Cover Removal in Section 6.) 2. Hook both ends of the heater [A] onto the clips [B]. 3. Push the heater into the two clips. 4. Slide the heater to the left until it clicks into place. Fit the harness [C] into the clip [D].
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 2.10 TRAY HEATER [C] [B] [A] A193I507.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Remove the 2nd paper feed tray. 2. Install the clamp [A] on the base. Then, install the tray heater [B] (1 screw). 3. Connect the connector [C] of the heater to the copier’s connector [D], which is on the rear frame. 4. Reassemble the machine. 5. Check the printer side-to-side registration (2nd paper tray).
1 August 1996 COPIER INSTALLATION 2.11 TRAY HEATER (OPTIONAL PAPER TRAY UNIT) [B] [A] [C] A193I508.wmf CAUTION Unplug the copier power cord before starting the following procedure. 1. Remove the upper paper tray [A] (4 screws). 2. Remove the rear cover [B] (2 screws). 3.
COPIER INSTALLATION 1 August 1996 [H] [F] [G] [D] [E] A193I509.wmf 4. Install 3 clamps [D] 5. Install the interface board [E], and connect the tray heater harness [F] to the interface board. Then, clamp the harness as shown in the illustration. 6. Connect the interface harness [G] to the motor [H] and interface board. 7. Reassemble the machine. 8. Check the printer side-to-side registration (3rd and 4th tray).
SECTION 4 SERVICE TABLES
1 August 1996 SERVICE REMARKS 1. SERVICE REMARKS 1.1 GENERAL CAUTION Do not turn off the main switch while any of the electrical components are active. Doing so might cause damage to units, such as the PCU, when they are pulled out of or put back into the copier. 1.2 PCU The PCU consists of the OPC drum, development unit, charge roller unit, and cleaning unit. Follow the cautions below when handling a PCU. 1. Never touch the drum surface with bare hands.
SERVICE REMARKS 1 August 1996 1.3 TRANSFER ROLLER UNIT 1. Never touch the transfer belt surface with bare hands. 2. Take care not to scratch the transfer roller as the surface is easily damaged. 1.4 SCANNER UNIT 2. Clean the exposure glass with alcohol or glass cleaner to reduce the amount of static electricity on the glass surface. 3. Use a cotton pad with water or a blower brush to clean the mirrors and lens. 4. Do not bend or crease the exposure lamp flat cable. 5. Do not disassemble the lens unit.
1 August 1996 SERVICE REMARKS 1.7 PAPER FEED 1. Do not touch the surface of the pick-up, feed, and separation rollers. 2. The side fences and end fences of the paper tray must be positioned correctly to align with the actual paper size to avoid paper misfeeds. 1.8 OTHERS 1. The TD sensor initial setting is performed automatically after installing the new PCU and closing the front cover. Never open the front cover or turn off the main switch during this time.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 2. SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 2.1 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE OPERATION The service program (SP) mode is used to check electrical data, change modes, and adjust values. 2.1.1 Service Program Access Procedure A193M505.wmf 1) How to enter the SP mode Press the following keys in sequence. → → → → Hold the key for more than 3 seconds. 2) How to exit SP mode Press the key or exit key three times. 2.1.2 Accessing Copy Mode from within an SP Mode 1. Press the Interrupt key. 2.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 2.1.3 How to select the program number Program numbers are composed of two or three levels. A193M506.wmf To input the required program number, select each program level in sequence. 1. Select the 1st level program number at the numeric key pad and press the key or OK key. NOTE: The 1st level program number can be selected using the arrow keys or Prev key or Next key. 2. Select the 2nd level program number at the numeric key and press the key or OK key.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 2.2 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE TABLES 2.2.1 Main SP Mode Table NOTE: 1) In the Function column, comments are in italics. 2) In the Settings column, the default value is in bold letters. 3) An asterisk " * " after the mode number means that this mode is stored in the NVRAM. If the RAM is reset, all these SP modes will return to their factory settings. Mode No.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Side-to-Side Registration (4th paper 4 feed: Option PFU tray 2) 1-002 * 5 6 1 1-003 * 2 1-006 * 1-007 * 1 1-105 * 2 Function Adjusts the printing side-to-side registration from the 4th paper feed station using the Trimming Area Pattern (SP5-902, No.10). Use the •/∗ key to toggle between + and -. The specification is 2 ±1.5 mm.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Fusing Control 1-902 Frequency Display 2-001 * 1 2 2-101 * 3 4 2-103 * 2-106* 2-201 * 2-213* 2-220 * Function Displays the fusing control frequency which is detected by the zero cross signal generator. Around "50" equals 50 Hz. Around "60" equals 60 Hz. Charge Roller Adjusts the voltage applied to the charge Bias roller. Adjustment Do not change the value. Leading Edge Adjusts the leading edge erase margin.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 FCI Smoothing 2-902* (Letter Mode) 1 2 1 August 1996 Function Selects whether the FCI smoothing function to remove jagged edges is enabled or disabled (this adjustment does not affect fax mode) Selects the laser pulse positioning type that is used for independent black or gray pixels (white pixels to left and right). Item 3 is not used.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Gradation 2-905 Type Laser Pulse Positioning 2-907* Function This is for the designer’s test purposes. Do not change the value. Selects the laser pulse position type that is used for test pattern printouts (printed with SP5-902). Item 3 is not used.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Leading Edge Registration (Scanning) 4-010 * 4-011 * 1 4-012 * 2 3 4 2 - 2.0 ~ + 9.0 0.5 mm/step + 0.0 mm - 6.0 ~ + 6.0 0.1 mm/step + 0.0 mm 0.0 ~ 9.0 0.1 mm/step 1.0 mm 0.0 ~ 9.0 0.1 mm/step 1.0 mm 0.0 ~ 9.0 0.1 mm/step 1.0 mm Right Side Erase Margin (Scanning) Adjusts the right side margin for scanning. 0.0 ~ 9.0 0.1 mm/step See the comment for SP 4-012-1. 1.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Sub Scan Magnification (Scanning: 4-101* Book Mode) 4-301 4-303 * 4-401* 4-402* 4-403* 4-406* Function Adjusts the magnification in the sub scan direction for scanning. If this value is changed, the scanner motor speed is changed. Use the •/∗ key to toggle between + and -. See "Replacement and Adjustment Copy Image Adjustments" for details. APS and Displays the status of the APS sensors Platen/DF and platen/DF cover sensor.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 MTF Filter Selection in Letter Mode 1 (25% ~ 64%) 2 3 4-407* 4 5 6 4-410* Function Selects the MTF filter level for Letter mode. A stronger filter gives sharper lines. For how to adjust, refer to "Detailed Descriptions - Filtering and Main Scan Magnification/Reduction". Never select "1". MTF Filter Selects the MTF filter level for Letter Selection in mode. A stronger filter gives sharper lines.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Video Data Path 4-412* 4-417 1 4-418* 2 1 4-419* 2 Function Settings Selects one of the following video data outputs, which will be used for printing. 0. Normal video processing 1. After auto shading processing 2. After MTF processing 3. After gamma correction 4. Data straight through (no video processing) Do not change the value.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Dither Pattern Selection 1 (Grayscale Mode/Photo Mode) 4-421* Dither Pattern Selection (Binary 2* Picture/Photo Mode) 4-902 Exposure Lamp On SBU Gain Adjustment 4-904* SBU DC Count Adjustment 4-905* 4-906* SBU Reference Value Adjustment SBU Offset Value Adjustment 4-907* SBU Auto Adjustment 4-908* 4-909* EDU Test Mode Function Selects the dither pattern used in grayscale processing mode.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Scanner Motor Control 4-910* Method 1 4-912* 2 4-913* 5-001* 5-103* 5-104 * 5-106 * 5-113* 5-116* White Level Value Display (Current) White Level Value Display (Factory) Shading Interval Time in DF mode 1 August 1996 Function Selects the scanner motor control method. 0: Normal 1: Special If "1" is selected, the current for the scanner motor will be reduced and jitter copy image problems will be alleviated. However, copy speed will be reduced.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 User Code Mode 1 (Copier) 5-401* 2 3 User Code Mode (Fax) User Code Mode (Printer) PM Alarm Interval 1 5-501 * PM Alarm 2 3 5-504* 1 5-507* 2 3 1 5-508* 2 3 5-801 PM Alarm (Original) PM Alarm (Jam Alarm) PM Alarm (Copy Size) PM Alarm (Staple) PM Alarm (Toner End) CE Call (Jam Level 1) CE Call (Jam Level 2) CE Call (Door Open) Memory All Clear Function Selects whether the user code function is enabled in copy mode or not.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Free Run 5-802 5-803 5-804 1 2 5-808* 3 1 August 1996 Function Performs a free run for both the scanner and the printer. To perform the free run, press 1 then twice. Press to stop. press Input Check Displays the signals received from sensors and switches. See the "INPUT CHECK" section for details. Press to exit the program. Output Check Turns on the electrical components individually for test purposes.
1 August 1996 Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Printer Free Run 5-901 Test Pattern Printouts 5-902 LCD Contrast Adjustment 5-903* Auto Shut Off Mode Timer Setting 5-904* CSS 25H Off Detection Fan Control Timer Setting 5-905* 5-906* Brand Name and Production Name Setting 5-907 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Function Settings Performs the printer free run. 0: No 1: Yes To perform the free run, press 1 then twice. Press to stop. press Prints the test pattern.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Fax Forwarding Mode 5-930* 5-932 5-940* 5-941* 5-942* 5-943* 5-944* 5-945* 5-991* 5-992 Function Selects whether the fax mode application key is accepted or not in the SC condition. When an SC condition occurs while incoming data has been stored in the SAF memory, change the value to "1" to access fax mode. Then forward the incoming data to another fax machine by using the fax mode bit switches.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 ADF Side-to 1 Side Registration 6-006 * 2 3 6-007* 6-009 6-010* 6-901 6-902* 6-903* 6-904* 6-905* 6-906* Function Adjusts the printing side-to-side registration in the ADF mode. Use the •/∗ key to toggle between + and -. ADF Leading Adjusts the leading edge registration in the ADF mode. Edge Registration Use the •/∗ key to toggle between + and -. ADF Trailing Adjusts the trailing edge erase margin in Erase Margin ADF mode.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No.
1 August 1996 Mode No.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Total Copies by 7-301* 3 Reproduction Ratio (Full size) Total Copies by 4 Reproduction Ratio (101% ~ 200%) Total Copies by Reproduction 5 Ratio (201% ~ 400%) Total Copies by 7-301* Reproduction 6 Ratio (Direct Mag.) Total Copies by 7 Reproduction Ratio (Direct Size Mag.) Total Copies by 8 Reproduction Ratio (Size Mag.
1 August 1996 Mode No.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 ROM/CPU Version 6 (Printer Control) ROM/CPU 7 Version (ANITA) 7-801 ROM/CPU Version 8 (Scanner Control) ROM/CPU 9 Version (Stapler) PM Counter 7-803* Display PM Counter Reset 7-804 7-807 7-808 Function Settings Displays the ROM version. NOTE: Class 3 nos, 3, 7, and 8 are used only for the Japanese version. Displays the PM counter after the last PM. Resets the PM counter.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Mode No. Class Class 3 1 and 2 Copy Jam History Clear 7-904 7-905* 7-906 7-907 7-908 7-909 7-990 7-991 1 August 1996 Function Clears the copy jam history. Press down the "Photo mode" key and the key at the same time to reset the data. Original Jam Displays the original jams that have History Display occurred. Original Jam Clears the original jam history. History Clear Press down the "Photo mode" key and the key at the same time to reset the data.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE - APS and Platen/ADF Sensor Output Display (SP4-301) - 1 2 0 00000011 3 8 12 x 14 L1 L2 L4 S1 L2 L3 L1 S2 L3 L4 S1 S2 A193M502.wmf A193M504.wmf 1. Cover sensor status 2. APS sensor status 3. Paper size display 1 = Closed 1 = Paper detected - DF APS Sensor Output Display (SP6-901) - 1 2 00010001 3 1 8 2 x 14 W1 L2 W2 L1 W3 L1 L2 W3 A193M503.wmf W2 W1 A193M500.wmf 1. Original width sensor status 2. Original length sensor status 3.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 2.2.2 Test Pattern Printing (SP 5-902) 1. Access the SP mode which contains the test pattern you need. 2. Press the Interrupt key on the display to access the copy mode display. 3. Select the required copy features such as paper size, image density, and reproduction ratio. 4. Press the Start key on the operation panel. 5. After checking the test pattern, exit copy mode by pressing the Interrupt key on the operation panel. 6.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 2.2.3 Input Check (SP5-803) A193M507.wmf 1. Access SP mode 5-803. 2. Select the number which will access the switch or sensor you wish to check (see the following table). 3. Check the status of the sensor or switch. 4. If you wish to check the signal during a copy cycle, select the required copy modes, then press the Start key. After that, re-enter the SP mode to check the next signal. 5. The reading ("0" or "1") will be displayed.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Number 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 August 1996 Reading 0 1 See Table 1 See Table 1 Not locked Locked Description Upper Paper Size Sensor Lower Paper Size Sensor Main Motor Lock Not used Upper Paper End Sensor (Optional Paper Tray Unit) Lower Paper End Sensor (Optional Paper Tray Unit) Upper Relay Sensor (Optional Paper Tray Unit) Lower Relay Sensor (Optional Paper Tray Unit) Upper Paper Size Sensor (O
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE Number 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Reading 0 1 Paper not Paper detected detected Not connected Connected Description Registration Sensor (Optional ADF) ADF Set (Optional ADF) Not used Polygonal Mirror Motor Lock Not used Fusing Unit Set Main Switch BiCU Connection Not used Total Counter Connection Not used Key Counter Connection Not used Not locked Locked Not connected Connected Off On Not connected Connected Not connected Connected
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 2.2.4 Output Check (SP5-804) A193M508.wmf CAUTION: To prevent mechanical or electrical damage, do not keep an electrical component on for a long time. 1. Access SP mode 5-804. 2. Select the SP number that corresponds to the component you wish to . check (see the following table), then press 3. Press "1", then press to check that component. 4. Exit the SP mode to interrupt the test. 5. If you wish to check another component, re-enter the SP mode.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE - Output check table No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Description Junction Gate Solenoid Registration Solenoid Upper Relay Clutch No.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 2.2.5 Copy Jam History Display (SP7-903) After entering the SP mode, select "1" and press the message will be displayed. 2 3 4 key. The following 5 1 A193M509.wmf 6 7 8 9 1: Jam history no. 2: Main motor operating date 3: Hour 4: Minute 5: Second 6: Jam code (see the table below) 7: Jam location 8: Paper feed station 9: Paper size Jam Code Meaning 10 Registration sensor not activated (from paper tray). 11 Relay sensor not activated.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 2.2.6 Original Jam History Display (SP7-905) After entering the SP mode, select "1" and press the message will be displayed. 2 3 4 key. The following 5 1 A193M510.wmf 6 7 1: Jam history no. 2: Main motor operating date 3: Hour 4: Minute 5: Second 6: Jam code (see the table below) 7: Original size Jam Code Meaning 210 Registration sensor not activated. 211 The registration sensor remained activated by paper.
SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 2.2.8 Memory All Clear (SP5-801) CAUTION: Memory All Clear mode resets all the settings stored in the NVRAM to their default settings. Among these settings are the correction data for process control and all the software counters. Normally, this SP mode should not be used. This procedure is required only after replacing the RAM board or when the copier malfunctions due to a damaged RAM board. 1. Print out all System Parameter Lists (SP mode 5-992). 2.
1 August 1996 SERVICE PROGRAM MODE 2.2.9 Program Download This procedure copies the software from an ROM board to the Flash ROM on the BICU board. [A] For 8Mbits Flash ROM [B] ROM (0 - H) ROM (0 - L) (0H) U1 (1H) U2 (0L) U3 (1L) U4 U5 (L) U6 (H) CN2 A193M514.wmf ROM BOARD II A193M513.wmf 1. Turn off the main and ac switches. 2. When the new software is downloaded from an ROM board [A], mount the ROMs on the correct ROM sockets as shown above. 3. Remove the ROM cover [B]. 4.
USER PROGRAM MODE 1 August 1996 3. USER PROGRAM MODE The user program (UP) mode is accessed by users and key operators, and by sales and service staff. UP mode is used to input the copier’s default settings. 3.1 HOW TO ENTER AND EXIT UP MODE Press the User Tools button, then select the UP mode program. After selecting the UP mode program, press the User Tools button to exit UP mode. UP Mode Table (System Settings) 1. Function Priority 2. Clear Function Setting 3. Panel Beeper 4. Copy Count Display 5.
1 August 1996 USER PROGRAM MODE UP Mode Table (Copy Settings) 1. APS Priority 2. AID Priority 3. Original Priority 4. Show All Keys 5. Maximum Copy Q’ty 6. Original Beeper 7. Photo Mode 1. Erase Border 2. Erase Center 3. Left Duplex Margin 4. Top Duplex Margin 5. Double Copy Separation Line 6. Combine/Image Repeat Separation Line 1. Duplex Auto Eject 2. Combine Auto Eject 3. Original Count 4. SADF Auto Reset 5. ADF Auto Sort 6. Rotate Sort 7. Rotate Sort Auto Paper Continue 1. General Features 2.
SWITCHES/LEDS 1 August 1996 4. SWITCHES/LEDS 4.1 SWITCHES BICU Number SW 1 Function Resets all systems (like turning the main switch off/on). 4.2 LEDS BICU Number LED 1 LED 2 Function Monitors the +5V line for the slave CPU (IC5). Usually, this LED is blinking. Monitors the +5V line. Usually, this LED is lit. IOCSS Number D103 Function Monitors the connection between the IOCSS and the BICU. Usually, this LED is lit. 4.
SECTION 5 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
1 August 1996 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE 1. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE 1.1 PM TABLE NOTE: The amounts mentioned as the PM interval indicate the number of prints.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE A193 OTHERS Drive Belts EM 100K I 1 August 1996 200K 300K I I NOTE Replace if necessary EM AUTO DOCUMENT FEEDER Transport Belt C Separation Roller C Pick-up Roller C Stamper I White Plate C DF Exposure Glass C Platen Cover C 60K 120K 185K (for originals) R R R R R R R R R 240K PAPER TRAY UNIT Paper Feed Rollers Relay Rollers Relay Driven Rollers Bottom Plate Pads Relay Clutches Paper Feed Clutches EM 100K 400K R C C C I I DUPLEX TRAY Paper Feed Roller Transport
SECTION 6 REPLACEMENT AND ADJUSTMENT
1 August 1996 EXTERIOR 1. EXTERIOR 1.1 FRONT COVER/INNER COVER [F] [E] [D] [C] [B] [C] [A] A193R001.wmf 1. Open the front cover [A]. 2. Remove the front cover (2 pins). 3. Remove the inner cover [B] (2 knobs [C], 6 screws and 1 screw if the optional paper tray unit is installed). 4. Remove the copy tray [D]. 5. Remove the front left cover [E] and front right cover [F].
EXTERIOR 1 August 1996 1.2 REAR COVER [B] [A] [D] [C] [E] A193R002.wmf CAUTION: If the machine is equipped with a DF and a paper tray unit, disconnect the cable which connects the copier with the DF and the paper tray unit, before removing the rear cover. 1. Remove the rear cover [A] (6 screws). 2. Remove the upper left cover [B] (1 screw) and the upper right cover [C] (3 screws). 1.3 LEFT/RIGHT COVER 1. Remove the front cover, inner cover, rear cover, upper left cover, and upper right cover. 2.
1 August 1996 EXTERIOR 1.4 EXPOSURE GLASS/OPERATION PANEL/UPPER COVER [B] [A] [H] [G] [D] [C] [F] [E] A193R003.wmf 1. Remove the left scale [A] and rear scale [B] (5 screws). 2. Remove the exposure glass [C]. 3. Remove the operation panel [D] (6 screws). NOTE: When reinstalling the operation panel, connect the grounding terminal [E] so that the wire is vertical. 4. Remove the operation lower cover [F] (4 screws). 5. Remove the scanner right cover [G] (1 screw). 6.
PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT (PCU) 1 August 1996 2. PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT (PCU) WARNING Do not incinerate the photoconductor unit. Toner dust might ignite when exposed to an open flame. Dispose of the used photoconductor unit in accordance with local regulations for plastics. 2.1 PCU [B] [A] A193R505.wmf A193R506.wmf 1. Turn the lever [A] to the left to release the transfer unit. Then, pull the PCU out slightly, while pushing the release lever [B] to unlock the PCU. 2. Pull the PCU out until it stops. 3.
1 August 1996 PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT (PCU) [B] [A] A193R509.wmf A193R508.wmf [C] A193I502.wmf 4. Remove the 2 clamps [A] and the drum protection sheet [B] from the new PCU. NOTE: Do not touch the photoconductor. If you do, copy quality may be abnormal. 5. Insert the new PCU into the machine. Push the new PCU until the release lever locks. 6. Peel the sealing tape [C] off gently. 7. Return the lever to its original position (see lever [A] on the previous page).
PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT (PCU) 1 August 1996 2.2 DRUM CHARGE ROLLER UNIT [A] [B] A193R525.wmf 1. Remove the upper cover [A] of the PCU (6 hooks). 2. Remove the drum charge roller unit [B]. NOTE: 1. Do not let the springs fall. Do not remove the drum charge roller from the case when cleaning or replacing. 2. Never touch the surface of the drum charge roller. 3. If there is any dirt on the surface of the drum charge roller, wipe it off with a dry cloth or a special cloth for the drum charge roller.
1 August 1996 PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT (PCU) 2.3 DRUM [F] [E] [D] [C] [G} [B] [A] A193R519.wmf 1. Remove the drum charge roller unit. (See Drum Charge Roller Unit.) 2. Remove the shutter cam [A] (1 screw) and the front plate [B] (1 screw). 3. Remove the shutter [C]. 4. Remove the joint [D] and rear plate [E] (2 screws). 5. Remove the drum [F]. NOTE: Do not touch the drum surface with bare hands. CAUTION: Be careful not to spill toner over the train of gears [G] when removing the front or rear plate.
PHOTOCONDUCTOR UNIT (PCU) 1 August 1996 2.4 CLEANING BLADE [B] [A] A193R008.wmf 1. Remove the drum. (See Drum.) 2. Remove the developer cartridge [A] (3 hooks). 3. Remove the cleaning blade [B] (2 screws).
1 August 1996 TRANSFER UNIT 3. TRANSFER UNIT 3.1 TRANSFER UNIT [A] A193R009.wmf 1. Remove the PCU. 2. Raise the transfer unit [A] vertically and remove it. 3.2 TRANSFER ROLLER/SEPARATION UNIT [A] [D] [C] [B] [C] A193R010.wmf 1. Remove the transfer unit. (See Transfer Unit.) 2. Remove the transfer roller [A]. NOTE: 1) Clean the bushings [B] and pulleys [C]. When replacing the transfer roller, replace the bushings and pulleys together.
SCANNER UNIT 1 August 1996 4. SCANNER UNIT 4.1 LENS COVER [C] [A] [B] A193R011.wmf 1. Remove the scales and exposure glass. (See Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover.) 2. Remove the flat cable [A] (1 screw). 3. Remove the right lens cover [B] (5 screws) and left lens cover [C] (5 screws).
1 August 1996 SCANNER UNIT 4.2 SCANNER FRAME [A] [D] [E] [B] [C] [G] [H] [F] A193R523.wmf 1. Remove the platen cover (ADF). 2. Remove all parts indicated in the Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover section. 3. Remove the exposure glass bracket [A] (1 screw). 4. Disconnect the platen cover sensor [B] and remove the lower rear scanner frame [C] (6 screws). 5. Disconnect the scanner H.P. sensor [D] and remove the upper rear scanner frame [E] (2 screws). 6.
SCANNER UNIT 1 August 1996 4.3 ORIGINAL SIZE SENSOR [B] [C] [D] [A] A193R013.wmf 1. Remove the exposure glass. (See Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover.) 2. Remove the lens covers. (See Lens Cover.) 3. Change the original size sensors [A]: two for 115 V machines and three for 230 V machines (2 screws each). 4.4 LENS BLOCK/SBU ASSEMBLY 1. Remove the exposure glass and operation panel. (See Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover.) 2. Remove the lens covers. (See Lens Cover.) 3.
1 August 1996 SCANNER UNIT 4.5 XENON LAMP [B] [A] A193R014.wmf 1. Remove the exposure glass and operation panel. (See Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover.) 2. Remove the scanner frames. (See Scanner Frame.) 3. Press the lamp holder [A] down with a driver, as shown. 4. Slide the xenon lamp [B] forward and remove it (1 connector). NOTE: Do not touch the glass surface of the xenon lamp with fingers. 5.
SCANNER UNIT 1 August 1996 4.6 SCANNER H. P. SENSOR/PLATEN COVER SENSOR [B] [A] A193R015.wmf [C] 1. Remove the exposure glass and upper rear cover. (See Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover.) 2. Replace the platen cover sensor [A] (1 connector). 3. Remove the scale bracket [B] (1 screw) and replace the scanner H.P. sensor [C].
1 August 1996 SCANNER UNIT 4.7 SCANNER MOTOR [C] [B] [A] A193R016.wmf 1. Remove the exposure glass and operation panel. (See Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover.) 2. Remove the lens covers. (See Lens Cover.) 3. Remove the scanner frames. (See Scanner Frame.) 4. Remove the harness [A]. 5. Remove the tension spring [B]. 6. Remove the motor bracket [C] (2 screws). 7. Secure the new motor with the tension spring. 8. Do the scanner and printer copy adjustments in section 11.
SCANNER UNIT 1 August 1996 4.8 SCANNER WIRE [A] ② ⑧ ④ ⑤ ③ ⑥ [B] ① ⑦ [C] A193R520.wmf 1. Remove the exposure glass and operation panel. (See Exposure Glass/Operation Panel/Upper Cover.) 2. Remove the lens covers. (See Lens Cover.) 3. Remove the scanner frames. (See Scanner Frame.) 4. Remove the pin [A] securing the 1st scanner and remove the 1st scanner. 5. Remove the spring [B]. 6. Loosen the screw [C] securing the wire tension bracket. Loosen the screw at the opposite side. 7.
1 August 1996 SCANNER UNIT [A] A193R018.wmf 9. Wind the end of the new wire with a ball as shown in illustrations ② - ④ on the previous page. 10. Wind the end of the new wire with a ring as shown in illustrations ⑤ - ⑦ on the previous page. 11. Secure the screw of the wire tension bracket, with the wire tension spring pulled as shown in illustration ⑦ on the previous page. 12. Install the 1st scanner and adjust its position with the scanner positioning tools (P/N A0069104) [A].
LASER UNIT 1 August 1996 5. LASER UNIT WARNING Turn off the main switch and unplug the machine before attempting any of the procedures in this section. Laser beams can seriously damage your eyes. - CAUTION DECALS Three caution decals and the optical fiber cable [A] are located in the laser section as shown below. ! DANGER INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN. AVOID DIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM. >PS< > PS < [A] A193R501.wmf A193R500.
1 August 1996 LASER UNIT 5.1 LASER UNIT/MAIN SCAN SYNCHRONIZATION DETECTOR [B] [A] A193R504.wmf WARNING Turn off the main switch and unplug the machine before attempting any of the procedures in this section. Laser beams can seriously damage your eyes. 1. Remove the copy tray. 2. Remove the main scan synchronizing detector [A]. 3. Disconnect the optical fiber cable [B]. 4. Remove the laser unit (4 screws and 1 connector).
LASER UNIT 1 August 1996 5.2 POLYGON MIRROR MOTOR [A] A193R502.wmf 1. Remove the front cover, inner cover, copy tray, and the front left and right covers (see section 1.1) 2. Remove the copy tray. 3. Remove the main scan synchronizing detector. 4. Remove the laser unit (4 screws, 2 connectors). 5. Remove the laser unit cover. 6. Remove the polygon mirror motor [A] (4 screws, 1 connector). 7. Do the scanner and printer copy adjustments in section 11.
1 August 1996 LASER UNIT 5.3 LD UNIT [A] A193R503.wmf 1. Remove the copy tray. 2. Remove the main scan synchronizing detector. 3. Remove the laser unit (4 screws, 2 connectors). 4. Remove the LD unit [A] (2 screws).
LASER UNIT 1 August 1996 5.4 LASER UNIT POSITIONING ADJUSTMENT [A] ← Paper direction A193R022.wmf CAUTION Do not open the laser unit cover during the adjustment. 1. Print the trimming pattern on A3 paper and estimate the amount of skew on the printed parallelogram. 2. Loosen the screws securing the laser unit (4 screws). 3. Loosen the screws securing the adjustment lever [A] (2 screws). 4. Move the adjustment lever to the proper position on the scale.
1 August 1996 FUSING/EXIT 6. FUSING/EXIT CAUTION The fusing unit gets hot. Do not touch the metal part with bare hands. 6.1 HOT ROLLER STRIPPERS [C] [A] [B] 1. Pull out the fusing unit (1 screw). A193R023.wmf 2. Remove the exit guide plate [A] (1 screw). 3. Remove the hot roller stripper bracket [B] (2 screws). 4. Replace the hot roller strippers [C] . 6.2 FUSING THERMISTOR/THERMOFUSE [B] [C] [D] [A] A193R024.wmf 1. Pull out the fusing unit (1 screw). 2.
FUSING/EXIT 1 August 1996 6.3 HOT ROLLER/FUSING LAMP [I] [H] [B] [G] [F] [H] [G] [E] [A] [D] [A] [C] A193R025.wmf 1. Pull out the fusing unit (1 screw). 2. Remove the front cover and upper cover. (See Fusing Thermister/Thermofuse.) 3. Remove the front and rear pressure springs [A] after checking their positions. (The standard positon is in the middle.) 4. Remove the fusing stay [B] (5 screws). 5. Remove the front lamp holder [C] (1 screw). 6.
1 August 1996 FUSING/EXIT 6.4 PRESSURE ROLLER/CLEANING ROLLER [C] [A] [D] [B] A193R026.wmf 1. Remove the hot roller. (See Hot Roller/Fusing Lamp.) 2. Remove the exit guide plate [A] (1 screw). 3. Check the height position of the entrance guide plate [B] (the upper position is standard) and remove it (1 screw). 4. Remove the pressure roller [C]. 5. Remove the cleaning roller [D].
EXIT 1 August 1996 7. EXIT 7.1 EXIT UNIT [C] [B] [A] A193R528.wmf 1. Remove the left cover, front left cover, and rear cover. (See Rear Cover Removal and Left/Right Cover.) 2. Remove the duct [A] (2 screws). 3.
1 August 1996 EXIT 7.2 UPPER EXIT SENSOR/LOWER EXIT SENSOR [F] [A] [G] [D] [C] [E] [B] A193R529.wmf 1. Remove the exit unit. (See Exit Unit.) 2. Replace the lower exit sensor [A] (1 connector). 3. Remove the spring [B]. 4. Remove the timing belt [C]. 5. Remove the pulley [D]. 6. Remove the transport roller [E] (2 busing). 7. Remove the harness cover [F]. 8. Replace the upper exit sensor [G] (1 connector).
PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 1 August 1996 8. PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 8.1 BY-PASS FEED TRAY [B] [A] A193R027.wmf 1. Remove the by-pass feed tray [A], holding the hook [B] on the by-pass feed tray with a tool, such as a screwdriver. 2. Disconnect the harness from the IOCSS board.
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 8.2 BY-PASS FEED PAPER END SENSOR/REGISTRATION SENSOR [A] [E] [C] [D] [B] A193R028.wmf 1. Remove the by-pass feed tray. (See By-pass Feed Tray.) 2. Remove the paper feed roller cover [A] (1 screw). 3. Remove the cap [B]. 4. Remove the sensor holder [C] (1 sensor). 5. Remove the by-pass feed paper end sensor [D] (1 screw). 6. Remove the registration sensor [E] .
PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 1 August 1996 8.3 PAPER FEED ROLLER/FRICTION PAD [B] [C] [A] A193R029.wmf 1. Remove the registration sensor and paper end sensor unit. (See By-pass Feed Paper End Sensor/Registration Sensor.) 2. Remove the paper feed roller [A] (1 hook). 3. Remove the friction pad [B]. NOTE: Do not lose the spring [C]. 8.4 BY-PASS FEED PAPER WIDTH SENSOR [D] [B] [C] [A] A193R030.wmf 1. Remove the by-pass feed table assembly (see By-pass Feed Tray). 2.
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 8.5 PAPER FEED ROLLERS/PAPER SIZE DETECTOR [A] [C] [D] [B] A193R031.wmf 8.5.1 Paper Feed Rollers 1. Remove the paper tray. 2. Remove the front door only when replacing the 1st paper feed roller. 3. Remove the paper feed bushing [A] (1 screw). 4. Pull the paper feed roller shaft [B] out. 5. Replace the paper feed roller [C]. 8.5.2 Paper Size Detector 1. Remove the paper tray. 2. Remove the paper size detector [D] (1 connector), while holding it down.
PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 1 August 1996 8.6 PAPER END SENSORS [A] [C] [B] A193R032.wmf 1. Remove the rear cover. (See Rear Cover.) 2. Disconnect the connectors from the right half of the IOCSS board [A] and swing out the IOCSS board (4 screws). 3. Remove the paper end sensor assemblies [B] (1 screw and 1 connector each). 4. Remove the paper end sensors [C].
1 August 1996 PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 8.7 PAPER FEED CLUTCHES/RELAY CLUTCHES [C] [B] [A] A193R521.wmf A193R527.wmf 1. Remove the paper feed roller shafts. (See Paper Feed Rollers.) 2. Remove the rear cover. (See Rear Cover.) 3. Remove the paper feed drive bracket [A] (2 screws). 4. Remove the paper feed clutches [B] (1 clip and 1 connector) and relay clutches [C] (1 E-ring and 1 connector).
PAPER FEED/ REGISTRATION 1 August 1996 8.8 RELAY SENSOR/RIGHT VERTICAL GUIDE SWITCH [C] [B] [A] A193R034.wmf 1. Open the right cover [A]. 2. Remove the relay sensor [B] (1 connector). 3. Remove the rear cover (See Rear Cover). 4. Remove the right vertical guide switch [C] (1 screw, 1 connector).
1 August 1996 OTHERS 9. OTHERS [A] A193R037.wmf A193R042.wmf 9.1 IOCSS BOARD 1. Remove the rear cover. (See Rear Cover.) 2. Disconnect all connectors from the IOCSS board [A] (33 connectors). 3. Replace the IOCSS board (6 screws). 4. Measure the voltage of the IOCSS board between TP105 and the IOCSS bracket with a multimeter. This is VCONT. 5. Check that the multimeter shows 5.63 ± 0.2 V. 6. If VCONT is not 5.63 ± 0.2 V, access SP2-999 and select 1.
OTHERS 1 August 1996 9.2 MSU BOARD/BICU BOARD [A] [B] [C] A193R522.wmf 1. Remove the MSU board [A] (2 screws). 2. Disconnect the connectors from the right half of the IOCSS board, remove the 4 screws that secure the bracket, and swing out the IOCSS board. 3. Disconnect all connectors from the BICU board [B] (7 connectors). NOTE: When installing the flat cable, push the connector holding the both ends until it clicks into place. 4. Remove the BICU board (4 screws). 5.
1 August 1996 OTHERS 9.3 PSU BOARD [A] [B] A193R038.wmf 1. Remove the rear cover. (See Rear Cover). 2. Disconnect the connectors from the right half of the IOCSS board, remove the 4 screws that secure the bracket, and swing out the IOCSS board. (See MSU Board/BICU Board.) 3. Remove the power supply cord bracket [A] (3 screws and 2 connectors). 4. Disconnect all connectors of the PSU board. 5. Remove the PSU board bracket assembly [B] (4 screws).
STANDARD WHITE DENSITY ADJUSTMENT 1 August 1996 10. STANDARD WHITE DENSITY ADJUSTMENT This is to adjust the standard white density level. Perform this adjustment in any of the following conditions: • After replacing the standard white plate. • After replacing the NVRAM on the BICU. (If only the BICU is replaced, this adjustment is not necessary, as long as the NVRAM from the old BICU is put on the new BICU.) • After performing a memory all clear (SP5-801). Procedure: 1.
1 August 1996 COPY ADJUSTMENT PRINTING/SCANNING 11. COPY ADJUSTMENT PRINTING/SCANNING NOTE: 1) You need to perform these adjustment(s) after replacing any of the following parts: Scanner Wire Lens Block/SBU Assembly Scanner Drive Motor Polygon Mirror Motor Paper Trays Duplex Tray Paper Side Fence Memory All Clear 2) For more details about accessing SP modes, refer to section 4. 11.1 PRINTING NOTE: 1) Make sure the paper is installed correctly in each paper tray before you start these adjustments.
COPY ADJUSTMENT PRINTING/SCANNING 1 August 1996 11.1.2 Blank Margin NOTE: If the leading edge/side-to-side registration can not be adjusted within the specifications, adjust the leading/left side edge blank margin. 1. Check the trailing edge and right side edge blank margins, and adjust them using the following SP modes. Trailing edge Right side edge Leading edge Left side edge SP mode SP2-101-2 SP2-101-4 SP2-101-1 SP2-101-3 Specification 2±2 mm 2±1.5 mm 3±2 mm 2±1.
1 August 1996 COPY ADJUSTMENT PRINTING/SCANNING 11.1.4 Double Copy Registration NOTE: 1) Perform this adjustment after completing the registration adjustment and the blank margin adjustment for single copies. 2) Select the double copies mode by the Double Copies key using the copy mode to print the test pattern. A A: Double Copy Registration A193R514.wmf 1. If you need to adjust the double copy registration, use SP1-006. 11.
COPY ADJUSTMENT PRINTING/SCANNING 1 August 1996 11.2.2 Magnification NOTE: Use an OS-A3 test chart to perform the following adjustment. A B A: Main Scan Magnification B: Sub Scan Magnification A193R517.wmf 1) Main Scan Magnification 1. Place the test chart on the exposure glass and make a copy from one of the feed stations. 2. Check the magnification ratio, and adjust it using the following SP mode if necessary. The specification is ± 1%.
1 August 1996 COPY ADJUSTMENT PRINTING/SCANNING 11.3 ADF IMAGE ADJUSTMENT 11.3.1 Registration and Blank Margin A B A193R516.wmf A: Leading Edge Registration B: Side-to-side Registration A193R515-2.wmf NOTE: Make a temporary test chart as shown above using A3/DLT paper. 1. Place the temporary test chart on the ADF and make a copy from one of the feed stations. 2. Check the registration, and adjust using the following SP modes if necessary.
IMAGE DENSITY ADJUSTMENT BY KEY OPERATOR 1 August 1996 12. IMAGE DENSITY ADJUSTMENT BY KEY OPERATOR Usually, the image density is adjusted with SP2-911 (this changes the coefficient for the TD sensor output). However, if the user wishes to change the image density, the service representative can instruct the user to do this using the following procedure. SP2-911 Value 4 3 2 1 0 Lighter Darker Illustration 1 SP2-911 Value 4 3 2 Lighter 1 0 Darker Illustration 2 A193R518.wmf 1.
SECTION 7 TROUBLESHOOTING
1 August 1996 SERVICE CALL CONDITIONS 1. SERVICE CALL CONDITIONS 1.1 SUMMARY There are 4 levels of service call conditions. Level Definition A To prevent the machine from being damaged, the SC can only be reset by a service representative (see the note below). The copier cannot be operated at all. B The SC can be reset by turning the main switch off and on if the SC was caused by a sensor error. C The copier can be operated as usual except for the unit related to the service call.
SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS 1 August 1996 2. SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS SC120: Scanner home position error 1 -Definition- [B] The scanner home position sensor does not detect the off condition during initialization or copying.
1 August 1996 SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS SC123: Scanner home position error 4 -Definition- [B] The scanner home position sensor does not detect the on condition after the scanner returns to the home position. - Possible causes • Scanner home position sensor defective • Scanner drive motor defective • IOCSS board defective • Scanner home position senor harness defective SC192: Automatic SBU adjustment error -Definition- [B] An error is detected during automatic SBU adjustment.
SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS 1 August 1996 SC306: Charge roller home position error -Definition- [B] The charge roller contact sensor does not detect the on condition. - Possible causes • Charge roller contact sensor defective • Charge roller contact clutch defective SC320: Polygon motor error -Definition- [B] The polygon motor does not reach its operating speed within 10 seconds after the polygon motor on signal, or the lock signal is not detected for more than 40 ms continuously during operation.
1 August 1996 SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS SC324: LD drive current over -Definition- [B] The LD drive board applies more than 100 mA to the LD. - Possible causes • LD unit defective (not enough power, due to aging) • Poor connection of the interface harness which connects the LD unit and the BiCU board • Temperature around the LD unit is too high SC390: TD sensor error 1 -Definition- [B] The TD sensor outputs less than 0.5V, 20 s after the TD sensor initial setting has been performed.
SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS 1 August 1996 SC401: Transfer roller leak error 1 SC402: Transfer roller leak error 2 -Definition- [B] A transfer roller current leak signal is detected. - Possible causes • High voltage supply board defective • Poor connection of the PCU • Transfer roller damaged SC411: Separation bias error -Definition- [B] A separation bias leak signal is detected.
1 August 1996 SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS SC506: Paper tray unit main motor lock (optional paper tray unit only) -Definition- [C] A main motor lock signal is detected for more than 5 seconds or the lock signal is not detected for more than 5 seconds during rotation.
SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS 1 August 1996 SC546: Fusing ready temperature malfunction -Definition- [A] The fusing temperature goes 10 °C below or 10 °C over the stand-by temperature after warm-up is completed. - Possible causes • Thermistor defective • Poor connection of the fusing unit • Power supply board defective SC547: Zero cross signal malfunction -Definition- [A] Zero cross signals are not detected within a certain period.
1 August 1996 SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS SC692: Communication error between BiCU and printer controller -Definition- [B] The BICU board cannot communicate with the printer controller properly. - Possible causes • Poor connection of the interface harness which connects the BICU board and the mother board.
SC CODE DESCRIPTIONS 1 August 1996 SC980: Program loading error -Definition- [C] The program cannot load properly. - Possible cause • Poor connection between the BICU and the ROM board • BICU board defective • ROM board or the program defective SC981: NVRAM clear error -Definition- [C] The data stored in the NVRAM is not cleared properly when the Memory All Clear is performed.
1 August 1996 ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DEFECTS 3. ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DEFECTS 3.1 SENSORS Component (Symbol) Upper Exit (S1) CN Condition Symptom 157-11 (IOCSS) Open The Paper Jam indicator will light whenever a copy is made. The Paper Jam indicator lights even if there is no paper. The Paper Jam indicator will light whenever a copy is made. The Paper Jam indicator lights even if there is no paper. The Door Open indicator does not light even if the left vertical door is opened.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DEFECTS Component (Symbol) Registration (S12) 1 August 1996 CN Condition 119-6 (IOCSS) Open Shorted Symptom The Paper Jam indicator will light whenever a copy is made. The Paper Jam indicator lights even if there is no paper. The CPU cannot detect the proper paper width. By-pass Feed Paper Width (S13) 122-1~4 (IOCSS) Open Shorted Humidity (S14) 109-3 (IOCSS) Original Width (S15) 131-2~3 (IOCSS) Open Shorted Open Shorted A lighter image copy will be made.
1 August 1996 BLOWN FUSE CONDITIONS 3.2 SWITCHES Component (Symbol) AC (SW1) Main (SW2) CN Condition Symptom 282-1,2 (PSU) Open Shorted Open The machine does not turn on. The machine does not turn off. The LCD does not off even if the main switch is turned off. The LCD does not on even if the main switch is turned on. The Cover Open indicator is not lit even if the right vertical guide is opened. The Cover Open indicator is lit even if the right vertical guide is closed.
SECTION 8 OPTIONS
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT LAYOUT Copier 1 34 2 33 3 4 32 5 6 31 7 30 8 29 9 28 10 27 11 26 12 25 13 24 14 15 23 16 22 21 20 19 18 17 A193S502.
35 49 36 48 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 47 46 45 44 A193S501.
50 51 52 62 53 54 61 55 56 60 57 59 58 A193S500.
Copier Symbol Index No.
Symbol SW4 SW5 SW6 Index No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A193 Point to Point Diagram A (1/2) AC Line DC Line Pulse Signal Circuit Breaker (230V machine only) (CF1) > Signal Direction D A B M2 -1 Tray Heater (Option) C H1 -5 -3 H2 A /A /B B 24V 24V A /A /B B 24V -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 Duplex Feed Motor PSU(PCB3) 5V /DUPK0[ 5] CGND /TRG[ 5] -1 -2 -3 -4 24V -5 24V GND 5V GND RESET[ 5] TXD[ 5] RXD[ 5] SET[ 5] -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 S2 Duplex Turn Sensor S3 Duplex
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 A193 Point to Point Diagram A (2/2) BICU B See Table 1 FCU C 16 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 +24V COM3 RSEL(US-Not used) Not used DOSW [ 5] (US - Not used) CMLSW [ 5] OHDISW [ 5] COM1 EXTDI [ 5] HOOK1 [ 5] HOOK0 [ 5] EXRING COM2 Not used TRXD (Tx/Rx Signal) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 CSEL1 (US - Not used) CSEL0 (US - Not used) GSSW [ 5] (US - Not used) +5VE (US - Not used) +5VEE (US - Not used) 1 2 3 4 5 1 +5V 2 C
IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTICES .............................................................................................. ? OVERALL MACHINE INFORMATION ...................................................................................... ? 1. SPECIFICATIONS 1-1 ....................................................................................................... 1-1 2. MACHINE CONFIGURATION 1-4 .................................................................................... 1-4 3. PAPER PATH 1-5 .....
5.3.3 By-pass Feed Paper Width Detection 2-52 .............................................................................. 2-52 5.4 PAPER REGISTRATION 2-53 ......................................................................................................... 2-53 6. IMAGE TRANSFER AND PAPER SEPARATION 2-54 ..................................................... 2-54 6.1 OVERVIEW 2-54 .........................................................................................................................
4.2 LEDS 4-44 ........................................................................................................................................ 4-44 4.3 TEST PIN 4-44 ................................................................................................................................. 4-44 5. SPECIAL TOOLS AND LUBRICANTS 4-44 ...................................................................... 4-44 5.1 SPECIAL TOOLS 4-44 ..................................................................
11.3.1 Registration and Blank Margin 6-43 ...................................................................................... 6-43 11.3.2 Sub Scan Magnification 6-43 .................................................................................................. 6-43 12. IMAGE DENSITY ADJUSTMENT BY KEY OPERATOR 6-44 ......................................... 6-44 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................................................... ? 1.