Installation guide

10. Working with Images.................................................................................................................. 91
10.1. Viewing Images.............................................................................................................. 91
10.1.1. Using Nautilus to view Images ...................................................................... 91
10.1.2. Using Konqueror View Images ..................................................................... 92
10.1.3. Using GQview ................................................................................................ 93
10.1.4. Electric Eyes ................................................................................................... 95
10.2. Manipulating Images with the GIMP............................................................................ 96
10.2.1. GIMP Basics ................................................................................................... 96
10.2.2. Loading a File ................................................................................................. 96
10.2.3. Saving a File ................................................................................................... 97
10.2.4. GIMP Options................................................................................................ 97
10.3. Additional Resources..................................................................................................... 98
10.3.1. Useful Websites .............................................................................................. 99
10.3.2. Related Documentation................................................................................... 99
11. Shell Prompt Basics .................................................................................................................. 101
11.1. Why Use a Shell Prompt.............................................................................................. 101
11.2. The History of the Shell............................................................................................... 101
11.3. Determining Your Current Directory with pwd ........................................................... 102
11.4. Changing Directories with cd...................................................................................... 102
11.5. View Directory Contents with ls.................................................................................. 104
11.6. Locating Files and Directories ..................................................................................... 106
11.7. Printing From The Command Line.............................................................................. 107
11.8. Clearing and Resetting the Terminal............................................................................ 107
11.9. Manipulating Files with cat........................................................................................ 108
11.9.1. Using Redirection ......................................................................................... 108
11.9.2. Appending Standard Output ......................................................................... 110
11.9.3. Redirecting Standard Input ........................................................................... 111
11.10. Pipes and Pagers ........................................................................................................ 111
11.10.1. The more Command ................................................................................... 112
11.11. More Commands for Reading Text Files................................................................... 112
11.11.1. The head Command .................................................................................... 112
11.11.2. The tail Command....................................................................................... 113
11.11.3. The grep Command..................................................................................... 113
11.11.4. I/O Redirection and Pipes ........................................................................... 113
11.11.5. Wildcards and Regular Expressions............................................................ 113
11.12. Command History and Tab Completion .................................................................... 114
11.13. Using Multiple Commands........................................................................................ 115
11.14. Ownership and Permissions....................................................................................... 116
11.14.1. The chmod Command................................................................................. 117
11.14.2. Changing Permissions With Numbers ........................................................ 121
12. Managing Files and Directories ............................................................................................... 123
12.1. A Larger Picture of the File System ............................................................................ 123
12.2. Identifying and Working with File Types .................................................................... 124
12.2.1. Compressed and Archived Files ................................................................... 124
12.2.2. File Formats .................................................................................................. 124
12.2.3. System Files.................................................................................................. 124
12.2.4. Programming and Scripting Files ................................................................. 125
12.3. File Compression and Archiving ................................................................................. 125
12.3.1. File Compressing .......................................................................................... 126
12.3.2. File Archiving ............................................................................................... 128
12.4. Manipulating Files at a Shell Prompt .......................................................................... 129
12.4.1. Creating Files................................................................................................ 129
12.4.2. Copying Files ................................................................................................ 129
12.4.3. Moving Files ................................................................................................. 130
12.4.4. Deleting Files and Directories ...................................................................... 130