Red Hat Linux 7.
Red Hat Linux 7.3: The Official Red Hat Linux Getting Started Guide Copyright © 2002 by Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat, Inc. 1801 Varsity Drive Raleigh NC 27606-2072 USA Phone: +1 919 754 3700 Phone: 888 733 4281 Fax: +1 919 754 3701 PO Box 13588 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA rhl-gsg(EN)-7.3-Print-RHI (2002-07-11T16:05-0400) Copyright © 2002 by Red Hat, Inc. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, V1.
Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Changes to This Manual ..................................................................................................... vii 2. Document Conventions......................................................................................................viii 3. Copying and Pasting Text With X..............................................
. Diskettes and CD-ROMs .............................................................................................................. 43 4.1. Using Diskettes ................................................................................................................ 43 4.1.1. Mounting and Unmounting a Diskette.............................................................. 43 4.1.2. Reading MS-DOS formatted Diskettes............................................................. 44 4.1.3.
10. Working with Images.................................................................................................................. 91 10.1. Viewing Images.............................................................................................................. 91 10.1.1. Using Nautilus to view Images ...................................................................... 91 10.1.2. Using Konqueror View Images ..................................................................... 92 10.1.3.
12.5. Viewing PDFs .............................................................................................................. 132 13. Updating and Adding Packages to Red Hat Linux................................................................ 133 13.1. Red Hat Network ......................................................................................................... 133 13.2. Errata List...............................................................................................................
Introduction Welcome to the Official Red Hat Linux Getting Started Guide! By now, you should have read the Official Red Hat Linux Installation Guide and successfully installed Red Hat Linux. This manual is designed to help new and intermediate Linux users navigate and perform common tasks. Keep in mind that Linux looks, feels, and performs differently from other operating systems you may have used.
viii Introduction Web Browsing The Official Red Hat Linux Getting Started Guide has been reorganized to include a chapter on using various Web browsers including Mozilla, Galeon, Nautilus, and Konqueror. Working with Images The Manipulating Images with GIMP chapter has been renamed Working with Images. This chapter now includes information on the latest version of the GIMP as well as GQView and Electric Eyes. The KDE Desktop Environment This chapter has been updated for KDE 3.0.
Introduction ix [key] A key on the keyboard is shown in this style. For example: To use [Tab] completion, type in a character and then press the [Tab] key. Your terminal will display the list of files in the directory that start with that letter. [key]-[combination] A combination of keystrokes is represented in this way. For example: The [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[Backspace] key combination will exit your graphical session and return you to the graphical login screen or the console.
x Introduction leopard login: user input Text that the user has to type, either on the command line, or into a text box on a GUI screen, is displayed in this style. In the following example, text is displayed in this style: To boot your system into the text based installation program, you will need to type in the text command at the boot: prompt. Additionally, we use several different strategies to draw your attention to certain pieces of information.
Introduction xi 3. Copying and Pasting Text With X Copying and pasting text is easy using your mouse and the X Window System. To copy text, simply click and drag your mouse over the text to highlight it. To paste the text somewhere, click the middle mouse button in the spot where the text should be placed. 4. Using the Mouse Red Hat Linux is designed to use a three-button mouse. If you have a two-button mouse, you should have selected three-button emulation during the installation process.
xii Introduction To read more about technical support for Official Red Hat Linux, refer to the Getting Technical Support Appendix in the Official Red Hat Linux Installation Guide.
Chapter 1. Getting Started The first step to using your Red Hat Linux system is to log in. When you log in, you are basically introducing yourself to the system. Note Like UNIX, Linux is case sensitive. That means that typing root refers to a different account than Root. As far as Linux is concerned, the lowercase root refers to the root user (also known as the superuser), or system administrator.
• Chapter 1. Getting Started Panel: A GUI environment toolbar, usually located across the bottom of the screen (Figure 1-2). The panel contains the main menu button and shortcut icons to start commonly used programs. It can be customized by the user. Figure 1-2. A Panel • Root: The root user account is created during installation and has complete access to your system. You must be logged in as root to accomplish certain system administration tasks.
Chapter 1. Getting Started 15 1.2.1. Graphical Login During installation, if you selected graphical as the login type and GNOME as the default desktop, you will see a graphical login screen as shown in Figure 1-3. Again, unless you have chosen to give your machine its own hostname, which is primarily used in a network setting, your machine will proabably be called localhost. Figure 1-3.
Chapter 1. Getting Started Unless you have chosen to give your machine its own hostname, which is primarily used in a network setting, your machine will proabably be called localhost.localdomain. To log in as root from the console, type root at the login prompt, press [Enter], type the root password that you chose during installation at the password prompt, and press [Enter].
Chapter 1. Getting Started 17 Figure 1-6. A KDE Desktop If you want to log in to your Red Hat Linux system with a different desktop, select it from the pulldown menu on the graphical login screen, and then log in to the system. The desktop that you selected will appear. For more information about GNOME and KDE, refer to Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. 1.4.
Chapter 1. Getting Started To create a user account graphically: 1. In GNOME, click the Start Here icon on the panel at the bottom of your desktop. In the new window that opens, click the System Settings icon, and then click the User Manager icon. You can also select GNOME Main Menu => Programs => System => User Manager. In KDE, select KDE Main Menu => System => User Manager. 2. If you are not logged in as root, you will be prompted for your root password. 3. The window shown in Figure 1-7 will appear.
Chapter 1. Getting Started 19 Important You can be fancy or plain when you pick a user account name, but take precautions when you choose a password. The password is the key to your account, so it should be both unique and easy for you to remember. Your password should be at least six characters. You can use both uppercase and lowercase letters, as well as numbers and characters. Avoid easy selections, such as qwerty or password.
Chapter 1. Getting Started Figure 1-8. GnoRPM Click on the Install button in the upper left corner of this window. Another screen appears, similar to Figure 1-9. Figure 1-9. GnoRPM Installation Screen Scroll through the list of documents on the left. Files beginning with rhl are Red Hat Linux manuals. The letters ig, gsg, cg, and rg follow rhl, corresponding to the Installation, Getting Started, Customization, and Reference guides respectively.
Chapter 1. Getting Started 21 will look something like rhl-gsg-en-7.2-5.noarch.rpm, so you would type the following to install the Official Red Hat Linux Getting Started Guide on your computer: rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/rhl-gsg-en-7.2-5.noarch.rpm Press [Enter]. Type exit at the command line and press [Enter]. This takes you out of the root login and back to your user account. Now go to Main Menu => Programs => Documentation => Official Red Hat Linux and select the manual you want to open. 1.7. Logging Out 1.
Chapter 1. Getting Started If you chose KDE as your default desktop environment during your installation of Red Hat Linux, your logout screen will look like Figure 3-10: Figure 1-12. KDE Default Logout Confirmation If you chose GNOME as your default desktop environment during your installation of Red Hat Linux, your logout screen will look like Figure 3-9: Figure 1-13.
Chapter 1. Getting Started 23 1.8.1. Graphical Shutdown If you are in the X Window System, log out as discussed in Section 1.7. If you are using the GNOME graphical login screen as shown in Figure 1-3, select Session => Halt... from the pulldown menu, and click Yes to confirm. If you are using the KDE graphical login screen as shown in Figure 1-4, click the Shutdown... button, select Halt, and click OK. Some computers automatically turn the power off after shutting down Red Hat Linux.
Chapter 1.
Chapter 2. The GNOME Desktop Environment 2.1. Introducing GNOME GNOME is one of several graphical desktop environments included with Red Hat Linux. GNOME offers a user-friendly environment where you can easily access your applications and system. Both new and experienced users will be able to take full advantage of their Red Hat Linux system using the GNOME desktop environment. This chapter covers the fundamentals of the GNOME desktop environment.
Chapter 2. The GNOME Desktop Environment Figure 2-1. A GNOME Desktop As stated previously, the GNOME desktop gives you access to the applications and system settings on your computer. You will notice that GNOME offers three main tools to make use of the applications on your system: panel icons, desktop icons, and menu systems. The long bar across the bottom of the desktop is the panel. The panel contains application launchers, status indicators, and small applications.
Chapter 2. The GNOME Desktop Environment 27 From here, you can start most applications included in Red Hat Linux. You will notice that you may access KDE applications under the KDE Menus entry (if KDE is installed on your machine). These sub-menus give you access to a full range of applications on your system. From the Main Menu, you can also log out, run applications from a command line, and lock your screen, which runs a password protected screen saver (the password being your user password). 2.4.2.
Chapter 2. The GNOME Desktop Environment Figure 2-5. Red Hat Network Alert Notification Tool 2.4.3. Adding Icons and Applets to the Panel To make the panel fit your work environment, you may want to add more applets and icons (or launchers). To add an applet to the panel, click on the GNOME Main Menu button and select Panel => Add to Panel => Applet and choose from the list of applets. When you select an applet, it will appear on your panel as that is the only place it will run.
Chapter 2. The GNOME Desktop Environment 29 The main frame contains folders and files which you can drag with your mouse to move and copy them into new locations. If you prefer, you may click on the Tree tab on the bottom left to display a hierarchical view of your complete file system which may make moving and copying easier for you. If you do not want to use the tree view, you can always open another Nautilus window by selecting File => New Window.
Chapter 2. The GNOME Desktop Environment 2.6.1. Customizing GNOME Within the Start Here area you can select the Preferences icon to configure your GNOME desktop. Once selected, you will be presented with a wide selection of options for configuring your desktop. Below you will find a list of a few of the configuration options and tools in each area. Desktop This contains items which are associated with the appearance of your desktop.
Chapter 2. The GNOME Desktop Environment 31 Printer Configuration Tool The Printer Configuration tool allows you to add a new printer to your system. The printer may be connected to your machine or available on a network. Refer to Chapter 8 and the Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide for details. As mentioned before, you will also find server configuration tools in the Start Here area.
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment 3.1. Introducing KDE KDE is a graphical desktop environment that allows you to access your Red Hat Linux system and applications using your mouse and keyboard. This chapter covers the fundamental apsects of using the KDE desktop environment including system navigation, working with files and applications, and customizing the desktop to suit your needs. If you would like to learn more about KDE, visit the official website at http://www.kde.org.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment 3.3. Finding Help You can access a comprehensive set of documentation about KDE through the KDE HelpCenter. Figure 3-2. The KDE HelpCenter There are several ways to access the KDE HelpCenter: • From the panel — click on the Help icon • From the Main Menu — select Help. • From the desktop — Right-click on the desktop and select the Help on desktop. The opening screen of the KDE HelpCenter browser will appear like Figure 3-2.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment 35 Figure 3-3. A Typical KDE Desktop The KDE desktop displays application launchers, document windows, file folders, and so on. You can also access the main menu and configure the desktop to suit your needs. The long bar across the bottom of the desktop is the panel. The panel contains application launchers, status indicators, and the desktop manager. You can have up to 16 desktops running at the same time in KDE.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment Figure 3-4. The Panel The panel is highly configurable. You can add and remove buttons that launch applications easily. Right-click on the panel and select Panel => Configuration to open the panel Settings. Other tabs in Settings contain options to further customize your panel. Click on Help for more information on these options. Applications and utilities can be added easily to the panel.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment 37 Figure 3-5. The Desktops Tab in the Panel Configuration You can change the names of your desktops (from Desktop 1, Desktop 2, etc.) by deleting the default names and typing a new name in each desktop’s corresponding text box. You can also change the number of desktops available to you by adjusting the slider at the top of the Desktops tab. For more desktops, drag the bar to the right; for fewer desktops, drag the bar to the left.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment Tip Another way to bring minimized or background windows to the front is to use the [Alt] and [Tab] keys. To pick an item from the taskbar, hold down [Alt]-[Tab]. To scroll through the tasks, hold down the [Alt] key, while pressing the [Tab] key in succession. When you have found the task you want to maximize and bring to the front, release both keys. 3.5.3.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment 39 Figure 3-7. The Konqueror File Manager You can navigate through the file system by clicking on folders within the main window frame or through the hierarchical file system viewer on the navigation panel as shown in Figure 3-7. Files and folders in the main window frame can be moved or copied to another folder or sent to the trash. You can also delete files and folders by right-clicking on the item and choosing Delete.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment application. The navigation panel makes Konqueror an effieient solution for users who wish to have fast and easy access to all of their information. 3.7. Customizing KDE KDE allows you to configure the desktop and your system to suit your needs. The KDE Control Center lets you customize the look and behavior of the desktop. The following list explains some of the configuration options in detail.
Chapter 3. The KDE Desktop Environment • 41 From the K Menu, select Logout. • From the panel, select the Logout icon • From the desktop, right-click on the desktop and select Logout from the menu. If you chose GNOME as your default desktop environment during your installation of Red Hat Linux, your logout screen will look like Figure 3-9: Figure 3-9.
Chapter 3.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs Using diskettes and CD-ROMs with Red Hat Linux requires some understanding about removable media. This chapter discusses how to read and write files to and from diskettes, how to format diskettes, and how to read and copy data from a CD-ROM. This chapter also covers using CD-writable and CD-rewritable drives. 4.1. Using Diskettes Diskettes are one of the oldest removable media solutions available for the personal computer (PC).
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs When you are done using the diskette, you should unmount it before ejecting it from the drive. To do this, close any applications that may be using files on the diskette or exploring the diskette’s contents (like Nautilus or Konqueror), and at a shell prompt type the following command : umount /mnt/floppy/ If you are using GNOME, unmount the diskette by right-clicking on the Unmount Volume from the menu.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs 45 4.1.3. Putting Linux Files on an MS-DOS Diskette To copy files from a Linux machine to an MS-DOS formatted diskette so that a Windows machine can read it you should format your disk with an MS-DOS (FAT) filesystem, which can be done with a Windows OS or with gfloppy (see Section 4.1.4.1). Then mount it in Linux as described in Section 4.1.1.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs Figure 4-3. gfloppy Status Box 4.1.4.2. Using KDE Floppy Formatter Another way to format a diskette for either ext2 or MS-DOS is to use KDE Floppy Formatter. To start the utility, go to Start Application => Utilities => KFloppy (Floppy Formatter). You will be presented with a graphical interface shown in Figure 4-4. Figure 4-4.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs 47 On Linux systems, /dev/fd0 refers to the first diskette drive. If your computer has more than one floppy disk drive, your primary floppy drive will be /dev/fd0, your second /dev/fd1, and so on. The mke2fs utility has a number of options. The -c option makes the mke2fs command check the device for bad blocks before creating the file system. The other options are covered in the mke2fs man page.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs 4.2.2. Using CD-ROMs From a Shell Prompt If you use KDE or have problems with the automatic mounting facilities within GNOME, you can also manually mount and unmount your CD-ROMs from a shell prompt. Insert a CD into your CD-ROM drive, open a shell prompt and type the following command: mount /mnt/cdrom The CD-ROM should now be mounted and available for use with your file manager.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs 49 more. Figure 4-7 illustrates the Setup screen and its configuration options. Note that your CD-R(W) drive brand may be different from the drive shown. Figure 4-7. X-CD-Roast Setup Screen Check your CD-R(W) manufacturer documentation to set some of the CD Settings options, such as CD Writer Speed and CD Writer FIFO-Buffer Size. All CD image (.iso or .img) files need to be stored in a central location accessible to X-CD-Roast.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs Figure 4-8. Using X-CD-Roast to Duplicate CDs 4.3.1.2. Using X-CD-Roast to Create a CD It is always recommended to backup personal data and information often in case of hardware failure or file system corruption. X-CD-Roast allows you to backup files on your hard drive partition using Create CD. This facility allows you to add files and directories into a CD session using Master Tracks.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs 51 To write your tracks to the CD-R(W), click Write Tracks from the panel on the left. In the Layout Tracks tab, highlight the image file you created in the box on the right, and click Add. The image will be displayed in the Tracks to write box on the left side. Click Accept track layout, and click the Write Tracks tab to return to the main writing dialog. Click Write tracks to write the image to the CD-R(W).
Chapter 4.
Chapter 4. Diskettes and CD-ROMs 53 The command above sets the write speed at 4, the device address as 0,3,0, and sets write output to verbose (-v), which is useful for tracking the status of the write process. The -eject argument ejects the CD-ROM after the write process is complete. The same command can also be used for burning ISO image files downloaded from the Internet, such as Red Hat Linux ISO images.
Chapter 4.
Chapter 5. Getting Online There are many types of Internet connections including: • ISDN Connection • Modem Connection • xDSL Connection • Cable Modem Connection The Internet Druid application can be used to configure an Internet connection in Red Hat Linux. If you would like to configure an Internet connection in Red Hat Linux, you need to use the Internet Druid application. To use Internet Druid, you must be running the X Window System and have root privileges.
Chapter 5. Getting Online xDSL Connection An xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line or Loop) connection uses high-speed transmissions through telephone lines. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Lines. There are different types of DSL such as ADSL, IDSL, and SDSL. Internet Druid uses the term xDSL to mean all types of DSL connections. Some DSL providers require you to configure your system to obtain an IP address through DHCP with an Ethernet card.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing Once you have configured your Internet connection (see Chapter 5), you are ready to get online. Red Hat Linux comes with several open source browsers for you to choose from. This chapter briefly explains how to surf the Web using the following browsers: • Mozilla • Nautilus • Konqueror • Galeon 6.1. The Mozilla Web Browser Mozilla functions like any other Web browser. It has the standard navigation toolbars, buttons, and menus. Figure 6-1.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing Figure 6-2. Mozilla Profile Creation If you click Convert Profile, your prior Netscape bookmarks and preferences will be converted to a Mozilla profile for you. When you next launch Mozilla, either from the panel or from Main Menu => Programs => Internet => Mozilla, you will see that your previous bookmarks are now available in Mozilla. If you click Manage Profiles, you will have the opportunity to create one or more profiles, or user accounts, for Mozilla. Figure 6-3.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing 59 Figure 6-5. Profile Screen With New Profile Added Now that you have created a user profile, click on Start Mozilla to launch the application or click on Exit to close it. To add new profiles or delete existing profiles later on, you will need to run the Mozilla Profile Manager again. To launch the Mozilla Profile Manager, at the shell prompt type the following command: mozilla --ProfileManager 6.1.1.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing that contains additional options. And in the bottom left corner, there are four small icons : Navigator, Mail, Composer, and Address Book. To browse the Internet, click on Search and enter a topic in the search engine that opens, type a website URL in the location bar, click on and create bookmarks, or check the What’s Related sidebar tab to see pages related to the one you are viewing currently.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing 61 Figure 6-8. Nautilus Web Search Or, you can use the Location: bar to enter path names, URLs, or other types of addresses. When you are viewing a Web page, Nautilus gives you additional browser choices in case you want to use a full-featured Web browser. To select a different browser, click one of the buttons in the sidebar. For additional information on using Nautilus, click on Help (on the top menu panel) and select Nautilus User Manual or Nautilus Quick Reference. 6.3.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing Figure 6-9. Welcome to Konqueror When you first launch Konqueror, you will be presented with an Introduction screen. This screen offers basic instructions for browsing a webpage or your local file system. If you click Continue, you will be presented with the Tips screen. This screen does just what it implies, it shows you basic tips for using Konqueror so that you can begin to take full advantage of the technology Konqueror offers.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing 63 Figure 6-10. The Konqueror Handbook 6.4. Using Galeon to Browse the Web Galeon is a GNOME browser, based on Mozilla. It is only a Web browser. It does not feature email, newsgroups, or anything other than surfing the Web. It is almost amazing in its simplicity. To use Galeon, a working installation of Mozilla is required. Galeon uses Mozilla’s rendering engine to display content. If you cannot run Mozilla, it is doubtful that you would be able to run Galeon.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing Figure 6-11. Configuring Galeon During the initial configuration, you have the option of importing bookmarks from Netscape or Mozilla, as well as some preference from Netscape if you have been using it as your prior Web browser. Once you have finished your configuration of Galeon, the main browser will appear.
Chapter 6. Web Browsing 65 Figure 6-12. Online with Galeon Tip Galeon’s "tabbed browsing" feature can help you avoid having your desktop cluttered with browser windows. Multiple pages can be stored in a single Galeon window, and you can switch between them with a click of the mouse. The behavior of the tabbed browsing mode can be configured in the Tabs page of the Preferences Window. To launch a new Tab even more quickly, use the [Ctrl]-[T] key combination.
Chapter 6.
Chapter 7. Email Applications Many popular Web browsers and email applications are one in the same, such as Mozilla, but they do not have to be. Applications like KMail and Evolution let you get and send email, among other tasks, but they do not include Web browsers. The purpose of this chapter is simple; to demonstrate how to use certain email applications to send and receive mail. It will not document each application feature, doing so is outside the scope of this manual.
Chapter 7. Email Applications To launch Evolution in GNOME, go to Main Menu => Programs => Applications => Ximian Evolution. Figure 7-1. Evolution Main Screen To see what is in your inbox or to send a mail, click on the Inbox icon. Figure 7-2. Evolution Inbox Screen To compose a mail, select New Message from the toolbar.
Chapter 7. Email Applications 69 Figure 7-3. Evolution New Email Message Screen Once you have composed a message and entered an email address to send the email to, click Send in the toolbar. For additional information, click on Help from Evolution’s toolbar. 7.2. KMail KMail is an email tool for KDE, the K Desktop Environment. It has an intuitive graphical interface that makes it simple to use. To open KMail, click on the main menu button on the panel and select Internet => KMail.
Chapter 7. Email Applications Figure 7-4. KMail Main Screen The folders on the left side of the KMail screen allow you to view emails you have received, emails ready to be sent, emails you have sent, and more. To compose a mail, click on the new message icon in the tool bar: Figure 7-5.
Chapter 7. Email Applications 71 the toolbar: 7.3. Mozilla Mail This section covers briefly the basic steps for sending and receiving mail with Mozilla. The Mozilla Help contents, located under Help on the main menu, provide much more information. To open the Mozilla mail tool while in Mozilla, click on the mail icon near the lower left corner of the Mozilla Navigator screen. Figure 7-6.
Chapter 7. Email Applications Figure 7-7. Mozilla Mail New Email Message Screen To send an email, click on the Send button or go to File => Send Now or Send Later. If you choose to send later, you can go back to the main mail screen and go to File => Send unsent messages. To read email, click on the mail folder you created for yourself to see a list of messages waiting for you. Then, click on the message you want to read.
Chapter 7. Email Applications 73 Figure 7-8. Newsgroup Account Setup Enter your name and email address on the next screen and click Next. On the following screen, enter the name of your news server (if you do not know the name of your news server, contact your Internet service provider for this information). On the last few screens, you can determine the name that this account will be referred to and review your settings.
Chapter 7. Email Applications To launch pine, type pine as a command at the system prompt. After starting pine, the Main Menu screen appears. Figure 7-9. Pine Main Screen Each pine screen has a similar layout: the top line tells you the screen name and additional useful information, below that is the work area (on the Main Menu screen, the work area is a menu of options), then the message/prompt line, and finally the menu of commands.
Chapter 7. Email Applications 75 In the command menu above, the ^ character is used to indicate the Control key. This character means you must hold down the Control ([Ctrl]) key while you press the letter for each command. When you want to leave Pine, press [Q] (Quit). To view a message in the Message Index screen, use the arrow keys to highlight the message you want to view. Press [V] (ViewMsg) or press [Enter] to read a selected message. To see the next message, press [N] (NextMsg).
Chapter 7. Email Applications These messages are in a default mail folder, often called the mailspool, that you can think of as your inbox. Use the [K] and [J] keys on your keyboard to move the highlighted cursor up and down the list of messages. In the index or pager views, use the [R] key to reply to a message or the [M] key to create a new one. Mutt will prompt for the To: address and the Subject: line.
Chapter 8. Printer Configuration This chapter provides information on configuring, testing, and modifying a local printer with printconf. For information on configuring other types of printers, creating printer aliases, and more, refer to the Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide or click on the Help button once you open the printconf application. Red Hat Linux comes with two different printing systems: LPRng and CUPS. LPRng is the default printing system.
Chapter 8. Printer Configuration Figure 8-1. printconf This chapter explains local printer configuration only, but five types of print queues can be configured with printconf: • Local Printer — a printer attached directly to your computer through a parallel or USB port. In the main printer list as shown in Figure 8-1, the Queue Type for a local printer is set to LOCAL.
Chapter 8. Printer Configuration 79 8.1. Adding a Local Printer To add a local printer such as one attached to the parallel port or USB port of your computer, click the New button in the main printconf window. The window shown in Figure 8-2 will appear. Click Next to proceed. Figure 8-2. Adding a Printer You will then see the screen shown in Figure 8-3. Enter a unique name for the printer in the Queue Name text field. This can be any descriptive name for your printer.
Chapter 8. Printer Configuration it to the printer device list. After selecting your printer device, click Next. Figure 8-4. Choosing a Printer Device Next, printconf will try to detect which printer is attached to the printer device you selected as shown in Figure 8-5. If it detects the wrong printer or does not detect any printer, you can manually select one. The printers are divided by manufacturers. Click the arrow beside the manufacturer for your printer.
Chapter 8. Printer Configuration 81 The new printer will appear in the printer list in the main window. Click the Apply button in the main window to save your changes to the /etc/printcap configuration file and restart the printer daemon (lpd). After applying the changes, print a test page to ensure the configuration is correct. Refer to Section 8.1.1 for details. 8.1.1.
Chapter 8. Printer Configuration Figure 8-6. Editing a Printer 8.2.1. Names and Aliases If you want to rename a printer, change the value of Queue Name in the Names and Aliases tab. Click OK to return to the main window. The name of the printer should change in the printer list. Click Apply to save the change and restart the printer daemon. A printer alias is an alternate name for a printer.
Chapter 8. Printer Configuration 83 8.2.4. Driver Options The Driver Options tab displays advanced printer options. Options vary for each print driver. Common options include: • Send Form-Feed (FF) should be selected if the last page of your print job is not ejected from the printer (for example, the form feed light flashes). If this does not work, try selecting Send End-of-Transmission (EOT) instead.
Chapter 8.
Chapter 9. Audio, Video, and General Amusement This chapter has been written to give you a look at the lighter side of Red Hat Linux. From games and toys to audio and video applications, Red Hat provides many packages to help keep the kid in you alive. 9.1. Playing CDs You should be able to put a music CD in your CD-ROM and see the CD player start automatically. If not, in GNOME, go to Main Menu => Programs => Multimedia => CD player to open the CD player.
Chapter 9. Audio, Video, and General Amusement 9.3. Troubleshooting Your Sound Card If, for some reason, you do not hear sound and know that you do have a sound card installed, you can run the sndconfig utility. To use sndconfig: 1. From a shell prompt, use the su - command to become root. 2. Type sndconfig at the command line. To navigate through the configuration screens, use your [Tab] and [Enter] keys.
Chapter 9. Audio, Video, and General Amusement 87 9.4. Troubleshooting Your Video Card Video card configuration is handled during the Red Hat Linuxinstallation (see the Official Red Hat Linux Installation Guide). However, if you did not choose to configure a video card at that time, or if you need to reconfigure your settings, you can use the Xconfigurator utility. You will want to do this if you, for example, install a new video card.
Chapter 9. Audio, Video, and General Amusement Figure 9-4. GNOME’s Wanda the Fish Other applets you may find to be very useful; KDE’s World Clock presents a map of the world and time zone information just by scrolling your mouse around the map, and GNOME’s GNOME Weather displays a mini weather report on the panel. Figure 9-5.
Chapter 9. Audio, Video, and General Amusement • http://www.linuxgamingnews.com/ • http://happypenguin.org/ 89 You can also browse the Internet for "linux games" using a search engine, such as http://www.google.com.
Chapter 9.
Chapter 10. Working with Images There are several types of image files. Some images are created using sophisticated software packages, while others are made from digital cameras and scanners. You may have downloaded some of these image files from the Internet or received them in an email. You may also want to create your own images to send to others. You can view and manipulate the most common types of image files using the many applications included in Red Hat Linux. 10.1.
Chapter 10. Working with Images To increase and decrease the size of the viewed image in Nautilus, click on the magnifying glass icon on the location bar as shown in Figure 10-2: Figure 10-2. The Zoom Function in Nautilus Click the + icon to increase the size of the image or - to decrease it. 10.1.2. Using Konqueror View Images If you use KDE as your desktop environment, then you can use the Konqueror file manager to view images.
Chapter 10. Working with Images 93 Figure 10-5. The Open With... Dialog Box 10.1.3. Using GQview GQview is a powerful image viewer for GNOME desktop users that supports several image file formats, including: • JPG/JPEG • GIF • PGM • XPM • PNG • PCX • TIF/TIFF • PPM • BMP GQview is useful for viewing individual image files as well as browsing collections of files in folders. It supports zoom in and zoom out functions, as well as thumbnail views of all image files within a directory.
Chapter 10. Working with Images Figure 10-6. GQview Displaying a .jpg Image The interface of GQview is simple and straightforward. The toolbar allows you to fit the image to the display window, zoom in and out and toggle between thumbnail view and text-only browser panels. It also has a text field for you to enter a particular path to your image directories. Right-clicking on an image in the display area opens a pop-up menu of image size and other file options such as renaming, moving, copying.
Chapter 10. Working with Images 95 Figure 10-7. The GQview Options Dialog Box 10.1.4. Electric Eyes If you want a quick and simple way of viewing one file, Electric Eyes may be for you. To start Electric Eyes from a GNOME desktop, choose Main Menu => Programs => Graphics => Electric Eyes. For KDE users, choose Start Application => Programs => Graphics => Electric Eyes. You can also type ee at a shell prompt. Right-click the Electric Eyes logo to open the pop-up menu and load an image.
Chapter 10. Working with Images 10.2. Manipulating Images with the GIMP The GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is a powerful tool that can be usedto create, alter, manipulate, and enhance digital image files — photographs, scanned images, computer-generated images, and more. This section offers a quick overview of the GIMP and refers you to comprehensive references for learning more about it. 10.2.1. GIMP Basics To use the GIMP, you will need to know some of the basics.
Chapter 10. Working with Images 97 Figure 10-10. The Load Image Dialog The Load Image dialog displays your working directory — the directory you were in when the GIMP was launched. You can navigate up and down the file system tree by double-clicking on the Directories list on the left, then selecting a file to open from the Files list on the right. File name completion is supported by the GIMP.
Chapter 10. Working with Images and are ready to render the image, click OK. The GIMP will then render the image with the new effect applied. Figure 10-11 shows an example of an image after the Newsprint filter has been applied: Figure 10-11. An Image modified with a GIMP Filter The Toolbox also has several easily accessible functions. Using the Toolbox, you can add text to images, erase regions of an image, or even fill selected regions with the color of your choice.
Chapter 10. Working with Images 99 chapter. 10.3.1. Useful Websites The Web has several sites of interest if you are looking for more detailed information about an application covered in this chapter: • http://gqview.sourceforge.net — The official GQview home page. • http://www.gimp.org/ — The official GIMP website. • http://www.rru.com/~meo/gimp/faq-user.html — A Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list for questions commonly asked about the GIMP by GIMP users (as opposed to developers).
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 11.1. Why Use a Shell Prompt Graphical environments for Linux have come a long way in the past few years. You can be perfectly productive in the X Window System, and only have to open a shell prompt to complete a few tasks. However, many Red Hat Linux functions can be completed faster from the shell prompt than from a GUI.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics The result was the Bourne Again Shell, or bash. Although your system came with several different shells, bash is the default shell for Red Hat Linux. You can learn more about bash by reading the bash man page (type man bash at a shell prompt). 11.3. Determining Your Current Directory with pwd Once you start looking through directories, it is easy to get lost or forget the name of your current directory.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 103 If you are currently in directory3 and you want to switch to directory1, you need to move up in the directory tree. Executing the command cd directory1 while you are in directory3, will present you with an error message explaining that there is no such directory. This is because there is no directory1 below directory3. To move up to directory1, type: cd /directory1 This is an example of an absolute path.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics Command Function cd / takes you to the entire system’s root directory cd /root takes you to the home directory of the root, or superuser, account created at installation cd /home takes you to the home directory, where user login directories are usually stored cd ..
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 105 11.5. View Directory Contents with ls Now that you know how to change directories, it is time to learn how to view the contents of these directories. Using the ls command, you can display the contents of your current directory. Many options are available with the ls command. The ls command, by itself, will not show you all the files in your directory.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics Figure 11-4. Sample ls Output for the /etc Directory Here is a short list of some popular options to use with ls. Remember, you can view the full list by reading the ls man page (man ls). — all. Lists all the files in the directory, including the hidden files (.filename). The .. and . at the top of your list refer to the parent directory and the current directory, respectively. • -a • -l — long.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 107 The locate command works very quickly, as long as the database is up to date. That database is automatically updated on a nightly basis, from cron. Cron is a small program that runs in the background, performing various tasks, such as updating the locate database, at regularly scheduled intervals. Tip Cron is a daemon that executes tasks at regularly scheduled intervals. To read the cron man page, type man cron at the shell prompt.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics Sometimes, you may accidentally open a program file or some other non-text file in a terminal window. Once you close the file, you could find that the text you are typing does not match the output on the monitor. In such cases, type reset to return the terminal window to its default values. 11.9.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 109 Figure 11-5. Redirecting Output to a File Press [Enter] to go to an empty line and use the [Ctrl]-[D] keys to quit cat. Notice the difference (see Figure 11-5)? There are no repeated entries. That is because the standard output from cat was redirected. That redirection was to a brand new file you made called sneakers.txt. You can find the file in the directory you were in when you started cat (type ls if you want to see it listed).
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics Figure 11-6. Joining Files and Redirecting Output You can see that cat has added home.txt where sneakers.txt ended. 11.9.2. Appending Standard Output You can use output redirection to add new information to the end of an existing file. Similar to when you used the symbol, you tell your shell to send the information somewhere other than standard output. However, when you use , you are adding information, rather than replacing it.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 111 Figure 11-7. Stringing Commands and Comparing Files 11.9.3. Redirecting Standard Input Not only can you redirect standard output, you can perform the same type of redirection with standard input. When you use the redirect standard input symbol read as input for a command. , you are telling the shell that you want a file to be Use a file you have already created to demonstrate this idea. Just type: cat sneakers.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics Tip To read startup messages more closely, at a shell prompt, type dmesg | less. You will be able to read the file one screen at a time. To move forward, press the [Spacebar]; to quit, press [Q]. Pipes can also be used to print only certain lines from a file. Type: grep coffee sneakers.txt | lpr This will print every line in the sneakers.txt file that mentions the word "coffee" (read more about grep in Section 11.11.3). 11.10.1.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 113 head can be a useful command, but because it is limited to the first several lines, you will not see how long the file actually is. By default, you can only read the first ten lines of a file. You can change the number of lines displayed by specifying a number option, as shown in the following command: head -20 filename 11.11.2. The tail Command The reverse of head is tail. Using tail, you can view the last ten lines of a file. 11.11.3.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics We know the file is called "sneak____.txt," so type: ls sneak*.txt and there is the name of the file: sneakers.txt You will probably use the asterisk (*) most frequently when you are searching. The asterisk will search out everything that matches the pattern you are looking for. So even by typing: ls *.txt or: ls sn* You would find sneakers.txt and any other files whose names begin with sn or ends with .txt. It helps to narrow your search as much as possible.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 115 cat sneakrs.txt Nothing happens, of course, because there is no sneakrs.txt file. No problem. We will just use the up-arrow key to bring back the command, then use the left-arrow key to get to the point where we missed the "e." Insert the letter and press [Enter] again. We now see the contents of sneakers.txt. By default, up to 500 commands can be stored in the bash command line history file.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics Remember that commands are case sensitive, so the command to start Mozilla must be in lowercase to start the browser. You will see something like this: [sam@halloween sam]$date; mozilla; date Mon Feb 7 13:26:27 EST 2000 A second date entry appears when you close out of Mozilla.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 117 Figure 11-9. Permissions for sneakers.txt Other information to the right of the group includes file size, date and time of file creation, and file name. The first column shows current permissions; it has ten slots. The first slot represents the type of file. The remaining nine slots are actually three sets of permissions for three different categories of users.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 11.14.1. The chmod Command Use the chmod command to change permissions easily. This example shows how to change the permissions on sneakers.txt with the chmod command. The original file looks like this, with its initial permissions settings: -rw-rw-r-- 1 sam sam 150 Mar 19 08:08 sneakers.txt If you are the owner of the file or are logged into the root account you can change any permissions for the owner, group, and others.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 119 Figure 11-10. Changing Permissions for sneakers.txt To remove read and write permissions from sneakers.txt use the chmod command to take away both the read and write permissions. chmod go-rw sneakers.txt By typing go-rw, you are telling the system to remove read and write permissions for the group and for others from the file sneakers.txt. The result will look like this: -rw------- 1 sam sam 150 Mar 19 08:08 sneakers.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics [sam@halloween sam]$ cat sneakers.txt cat: sneakers.txt: Permission denied [sam@halloween sam]$ Removing all permissions, including your own, successfully locked the file. But since the file belongs to you, you can always change its permissions back (see Figure 11-11). [sam@halloween sam]$ chmod u+rw sneakers.txt [sam@halloween sam]$ cat sneakers.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics 121 If you do not allow others to have execute permission to tigger, it will not matter who has read or write access. No one will be able to get into the directory unless they know the exact filename they want. For example, type: chmod a-x tigger to remove everyone’s execute permissions.
Chapter 11. Shell Prompt Basics chmod 644 sneakers.txt Now verify the changes by listing the file. Type: ls -l sneakers.txt The output should be: -rw-r--r-- 1 sam sam 150 Mar 19 08:08 sneakers.txt Now, neither the group nor others have write permission to sneakers.txt. To return the group’s write access for the file, add the value of w (2) to the second set of permissions. chmod 664 sneakers.txt Warning Setting permissions to 666 will allow everyone to read and write to a file or directory.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories The GNOME file manager Nautilus and the KDE file manager Konqueror are powerful and important tools for managing files and directories. They are discussed in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, respectively. This chapter discusses the shell prompt commands that can be used to manage files and directories on your Red Hat Linux system as well as how to view PDF files.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories — Reserved directory for all users to store temporary files. Files stored here are not permanent. A system process removes old files from this directory on a periodic basis. Do not write any files or directories that you want to keep here. • /tmp Your Red Hat Linux system is compatible with many other Linux distributions because of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS).
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories 125 12.2.3. System Files • .conf • .lock • .rpm — a configuration file — a lock file; determines whether a program or device is in use — a Red Hat Package Manager file used to install software 12.2.4. Programming and Scripting Files • .c — a C program language source code file • .cpp — a C++ program language source code file • .h — a C or C++ program language header file • .o — a program object file • .pl — a Perl script • .so — a library file • .
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories often or files that you want to save but do not use anymore. You can even create an archive file and then compress it to save disk space. Important An archive file is not compressed, but a compressed file can be an archive file. 12.3.1. File Compressing Compressed files use less disk space and download faster than large, uncompressed files. In Red Hat Linux you can compress files with the compression tools gzip, bzip2, or zip.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories 127 Tip For more information, type man bzip2 and man bunzip2 at a shell prompt to read the man pages for bzip2 and bunzip2. 12.3.1.2. Gzip and Gunzip To use gzip to compress a file, type the following command at a shell prompt: gzip filename The file will be compressed and saved as filename.gz. To expand the compressed file, type the following command: gunzip filename.gz The filename.gz is deleted and replaced with filename.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories Tip For more information, type man zip and man unzip at a shell prompt to read the man pages for zip and unzip. 12.3.2. File Archiving A tar file is a collection of several files and/or directories in one file. This is a good way to create backups and archives. Some of the options used with the tar are: • -c — create a new archive.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories 129 This command creates an archive file and then compresses it as the file filename.tbz. If you uncompress the filename.tbz file with the bunzip2 command, the filename.tbz file is removed and replaced with filename.tar. You can also expand and unarchive a bzip tar file in one command: tar -xjvf filename.tbz To create a tarred and gunzipped compressed file, use the -z option: tar -czvf filename.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories To copy a file, type the following command: cp source destination replacing source with the name of the file you want to copy, and name of the directory where you want the file to go. destination with the So, to copy the file sneakers.txt to the directory tigger/ in your home directory, move to your home directory and type: cp sneakers.txt tigger/ You can use both relative and absolute pathnames with cp.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories 131 12.4.4. Deleting Files and Directories You learned about creating files with the touch command, and you created the directory tigger using mkdir. Now you need to learn how to delete files and directories. Deleting files and directories with the rm command is a straightforward process. See the rm man page for more information. Options for removing files and directories include: — interactive. Prompts you to confirm the deletion.
Chapter 12. Managing Files and Directories A safer alternative to using rm for removing directories is the rmdir command. With this command, you will not be allowed to use recursive deletions, so a directory which has files in it will not be deleted. Warning The rm command can delete your entire file system! If you are logged in as root and you type the simple command rm -rf /, you are in trouble; this command will recursively remove everything on your system.
Chapter 13. Updating and Adding Packages to Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux consists of various software applications and utilities, known as RPM packages. A package is just a file that contains a software program. This chapter explains three ways to update your system: using Red Hat Network, using the online Errata List, and using the Red Hat Linux Installation CD-ROMs. 13.1. Red Hat Network Red Hat Network is an Internet solution for managing one or more Red Hat Linux systems.
Chapter 13. Updating and Adding Packages to Red Hat Linux 13.2. Errata List It is recommended that new users use Red Hat Network to download and install/upgrade packages. Updating Errata packages from the Red Hat Linux Errata website is recommended for more experienced Red Hat Linux users. It also requires users to resolve software dependencies manually. A software dependency is when a package is dependent on other package being installed.
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions This chapter answers some of the most common questions about using Red Hat Linux that you may ask as you become more familiar with it. From changing your desktop screen size to troubleshooting package installation problems, this chapter will ease you step-by-step through some common tasks and get you on your way. 14.1. Localhost Login and Password I have installed Red Hat Linux. After rebooting, I get a message telling me it needs a localhost login and password.
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions # .bashrc # User specific aliases and functions # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi Under the line # User specific aliases and functions type: alias ls="ls -al --color" Make sure to write your changes to the file and save them. To make the change work immediately, run the source command to the .bashrc file with the following command: source .bashrc 14.3.
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions 137 The reason you need to use the ./ in order to start the application is because the executable wasn’t placed in a directory where your user shell environment knew it could be found (such as /usr/bin). In such instances, you have to change into the directory which holds the executable and start the application from there. That means you will have to tell your shell where it can find the executable; adding .
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions You can access another partition on your system (for example, a Windows partition), in two different ways. First, assume that your Windows partition is on your first IDE hard drive, in the first partition (/dev/hda1). At a shell prompt, log in as root (type su and then enter the root password).
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions 139 history | grep man You will see a list of all the commands you typed which have the word man in them. There are plenty of ways to your command history. For other tips and tricks, see Section 14.8. 14.7. Keep ls Output from Scrolling Whenever I type ls I can barely see the output of the directory because it scrolls by too quickly.
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions forward through the commands) until you find the command you want. Press [Enter] to execute the command, just as if you had typed it on the command line. 14.9. Forgotten Password Help! I forgot my root password. How do I log in now? You can log in using single-user linux mode and create a new root password. To enter Linux single-user mode, reboot your computer.
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions 141 Open a shell prompt. If you’re in your user account, su to root by typing su Password: yourrootpassword Now, type pico /etc/inittab to edit the file with Pico. The file /etc/inittab will open. Within the first screen, you will see a section of the file which looks like this: # Default runlevel.
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions Figure 14-1. The Opening Dialog of XConfigurator To navigate and make selections, use the [Tab] key. When your selection is highlighted, press the [Enter] key. Note Make certain that your monitor and graphics card are supported for Red Hat Linux. To check, visit the Hardware Compatibility List at http://hardware.redhat.com. To continue, [Tab] until the Ok button is highlighted and press [Enter].
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions 143 Figure 14-3. The Monitor Setup Dialog You will have quite a few monitor choices — the hash mark (#) indicates your position in the list. Use your [Up Arrow] and [Down Arrow] keys to move through the list, or use the [Home], [End], [Page Up] and [Page Down] keys. You can also jump to the manufacturer’s place on the list by typing in the first letters of the name (such as ViewSonic) on your keyboard.
Chapter 14. Frequently Asked Questions You can choose modes ranging from 8-bit to 32-bit, depending on the power of your computer and how many colors you want displayed. In each of the mode columns, you will find resolution choices listed; using your [Tab] key, position the cursor in the boxes next to your chosen resolution. Select one by pressing [Space].
Appendix A. Applications The following table shows some of the Red Hat Linux applications that are available to handle many popular tasks. This is not a complete list of all applications available. Most of these applications can be used in both GNOME and KDE, regardless of which interface has the application listed in its main menu.
Appendix A.
Appendix B. A Comparison of Common DOS and Linux Commands Many Linux commands typed at a shell prompt are similar to the commands you would type in MSDOS. In fact, some commands are identical. This appendix provides common commands used at the MS-DOS prompt in Windows(tm) and their counterparts in Linux. Basic examples of how the command are used at the Linux shell prompt are also provided. Note that these commands usually have a number of options.
Appendix B. A Comparison of Common DOS and Linux Commands Command’s Purpose MS-DOS Linux Basic Linux Example Displays your location in the file system chdir pwd pwd Changes directories cd pathname with a specified path (absolute path) cd pathname cd /directory/directory Changes directories cd .. with a relative path cd .. cd .. Displays the time time date date Shows amount of RAM and use mem free free Notes: a.
Appendix C. System Directories This is a list of the primary Red Hat Linux system directories. Each directory is described briefly. For additional directory information, refer to the Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide and Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide indexes. • /bin - Used to store user commands. The directory /usr/bin also stores user commands. - Location of many system commands, such as shutdown. The directory /usr/bin also contains many system commands.
Appendix C.
Appendix D. Keyboard Shortcuts Here are a few keyboard shortcuts you can use to perform common tasks quickly. Many more are available in addition to what is listed here. For more command line and keyboard shortcuts, visit: http://sunsite.dk/linux-newbie/Linux_commands.htm#shortcuts • [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Backspace] = kill X. Kills your current X session and returns you to the login screen. Use this if the normal exit procedure does not work. • [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Delete] = shutdown and reboot.
Appendix D.
Index clear, 107 command history, 114 Symbols /etc/printcap, 77 /etc/printcap.
D F desktop KDE, 34 switch between GNOME and KDE, 17 desktops multiple KDE, 36 DHCP, 55 directories changing, 102 copying, 129 deleting, 131 descriptions, 149 listing contents, 105 managing from shell prompt, 101 moving, 130 diskettes, 43 formatting, 45 KDE Floppy Formatter, 46 mke2fs, 46 mounting, 43 MS-DOS formatted, 44 unmounting, 43 using, 43 DNS definition, 55 dot files (See hidden files) drag and drop, xi FAQ, 135 accessing a Windows partition, 137 finding previous used commands, 138 history t
G K games and amusements, 87, 87 finding more online, 88 GIMP, 96 opening a file, 96 saving a file, 97 GNOME, 25 applets, 27, 28 customizing, 30 desktop, 25 latest documentation, 25 logging out of, 31 main menu, 26 panel, 26 using KDE applications, 25 website location, 25 workspace, 25 GNOME Desktop, 16 GQview, 93 graphical login changing to, 140 graphics, 96 gunzip, 126 gzip, 126 KDE, 33 applets adding, 38 multiple desktops, 36 customizing, 40 desktop, 34 desktop icons, 35 desktops multiple, 36 swi
M main menu in GNOME, 26 in KDE, 36 mke2fs, 46 mkisofs, 51 mouse how to use, xi Mozilla (See Web browsers) Mozilla Mail (See email clients) mtools, 44 mutt (See email clients) N Nautilus (See Web browsers) disabling text icons, 29 disabling thumbnails, 29 GNOME file manager, 28 viewing images with, 91 Newsgroups (See email clients) PDF viewing, 132 xpdf, 132 permissions numerical settings, 121 setting for new RPMs, 136 permissions and ownership, 116 pine (See email clients) pipes, 111 Point-to-Point
R Red Hat Network, 133 Red Hat Network Registration Client, 133 Red Hat Update Agent, 133 redirecting standard input, 111 redirection, 108 reset, 107 resolution changing, 141 RHN (See Red Hat Network) root, 123 and root login, 123 logging in as, 14 RPM, 134 installing packages, 133 upgrading packages, 133 RPMs error message while installing, 136 installing with Gnome-RPM, 136 S shell, 101 history of, 101 shell prompt, 17 basic commands, 101 chmod, 118 single-user mode, 140 sndconfig, 86 software installing
