Virtual Machine Guide VMware Server 1.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Revision: 20060706 Item: SVR-ENG-Q206-227 You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation at: http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com © 2006 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos.
Contents Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements ............... 1 VMware Server Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features of VMware Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Support for 32‐bit and 64‐bit Guest Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Two‐Way Virtual SMP (Experimental Support) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide What’s in a Virtual Machine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating a New Virtual Machine with the Virtual Machine Wizard . . . . . . . . Installing a Guest Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example: Installing Windows Server 2003 as a Guest OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 27 37 37 Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Using Power Options for Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Shutting Down a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Powering Virtual Machines On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Controlling the Virtual Machine Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Configuring Hard Disk Storage in a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disk Types: Virtual and Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional Information about Disk, Redo‐Log, Snapshot, and Lock Files . . Defragmenting and Shrinking Virtual Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Controlling Routing for a Host‐Only Network on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . Issues with Host‐Only Networking on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host . . . . . . . . . Configuring Bridged Networking When Using Teamed Network Interface Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up Two Separate Host‐Only Networks . . . . . . . . . . . .
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Notes on USB Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding a USB Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting USB Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using USB with a Windows Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacing USB 2.
Introduction and System Requirements C HAPTER 1 This chapter introduces you to VMware Server and covers the following topics: ! “VMware Server Overview” on page 1 ! “Features of VMware Server” on page 2 ! “Host System Requirements” on page 5 ! “Virtual Machine Specifications” on page 12 ! “Supported Guest Operating Systems” on page 15 ! “Technical Support Resources” on page 20 VMware Server Overview VMware Server is a free virtualization product for Microsoft Windows and Linux servers.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! Run Windows and Linux operating systems and applications without software conflicts because virtual machines are completely isolated from one another and from the physical host. ! Move virtual machines from one physical host to another without having to reconfigure. ! Shorten the time for provisioning a new server by creating and deploying custom virtual machines with the VMware Server Virtual Machine Wizard.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Upgrade and Use GSX Virtual Machines You can upgrade the virtual hardware of virtual machines created under both VMware GSX Server 2 and 3. You must upgrade hardware of virtual machines created under GSX 2 to run them under VMware Server. For more information, see “Upgrading the Virtual Hardware on a Legacy Virtual Machine” in the VMware Server Administration Guide.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To access the VMware Virtual Machine Importer from the VMware Server Console, choose File > Import or File > Open. The Wizard to import a virtual machine or system image opens. You can access the VMware Virtual Machine Importer only from a Windows host machine. For more detailed information about how to use the VMware Virtual Machine Importer, see the VMware Virtual Machine Importer User’s Manual.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements ! AMD: Athlon, Athlon MP, Athlon XP, AMD Opteron, AMD Athlon 64, Turion 64. ! Experimental support for AMD Sempron. ! Multiprocessor systems are supported. ! Dual‐core processors are supported and counted as one processor for licensing. Processor Requirements for 64-bit Guests Your server must be running one of the following 64‐bit processors to be able to configure a virtual machine running a 64‐bit guest.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Host Hard Disk ! 250MB free disk space on Windows hosts required for VMware Server, VMware Management Interface, the VmPerl API, the VmCOM API, the Programming API, and VMware Server Console installation. ! 200MB free disk space on Linux hosts required for VMware Server, VMware Management Interface, VmPerl API, Programming API, and VMware Server Console installation. ! Disk space in /tmp on Linux hosts should be equivalent to 1.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements ! Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, Service Pack 1 32‐bit host computers can run the following operating systems: ! Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, Web, and Small Business Editions, including Service Pack 1 ! Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 ! Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 VmPerl API requires Perl 5.005x or higher.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! SUSE Linux 10.1 ! SUSE Linux 9.3 ! SUSE Linux 9.2, including SP1 ! SUSE Linux 9.1 stock 2.6.4‐52 ! Mandriva Linux 2006 ! Ubuntu Linux 5.04 and 5.10 ! Ubuntu Linux 6.06 (experimental support) 32‐bit host computers can run the following operating systems: 8 ! Mandriva Linux 2006 ! Mandrake Linux 10.1 ! Mandrake Linux 9.0 stock 2.4.19 ! Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 AS, ES, and WS, including updates 1,2, and 3 ! Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements ! SUSE LINUX 9.1 stock 2.6.4‐52 ! SUSE LINUX 9.0 stock 2.4.21‐99 ! SUSE Linux 8.2 stock 2.4.20 ! SUSE Linux 7.3 ! Ubuntu Linux 5.04 and 5.10 ! Ubuntu 6.06 NOTE As new Linux kernels and distributions are released, VMware modifies and tests its products for stability and reliability on those host platforms.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Running VMware Server on Some SUSE Linux Hosts Keep in mind the following when you run VMware Server on these SUSE Linux hosts. ! SLES 8 — Install gcc on your SLES 8 host before installing VMware Server. ! SLES 7 —To upgrade the kernel, deselect any Samba components when you apply the update patch because the patch incorrectly updates Samba on your host.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Software Requirements – Windows Remote Client ! Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition, Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, and Windows Server 2003 Web Edition ! Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home Edition Service Pack 1 and Service Pack 2 ! Windows 2000 Professional, Server and Advanced Server, Service Pack 1, Service Pack 2, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 ! Windows NT 4.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! Netscape Navigator 7.0 NOTE As new browser versions are released, VMware tests the VMware Management Interface for stability and reliability with these versions. VMware makes every effort to add support for new browser versions in a timely manner, but until a browser is added to the above list, its use with the product is not supported. VmPerl and VmCOM APIs The VmPerl API includes the vmware-cmd utility.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Virtual Memory ! Up to 3600MB of memory per virtual machine, depending upon the host system’s configuration, the types of applications running on the host, and the amount of memory on the host. Virtual Graphics ! VGA and SVGA support Virtual IDE Drives ! Up to four devices: disks, CD‐ROM or DVD (DVD drives can be used to read data DVD discs). DVD video is not supported. ! Hard disks can be virtual disks or physical disks.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! Output to serial ports, Windows files, Linux files, or named pipes. Virtual Parallel (LPT) Ports ! Up to three bidirectional parallel (LPT) ports. ! Output to parallel ports or host operating system files. Virtual USB ports ! Two‐port USB 1.1 UHCI controller. ! Supported devices include USB printers, scanners, PDAs, hard disk drives, memory card readers, and still digital cameras.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements ! Creative Labs Sound Blaster AudioPCI emulation. MIDI input, game controllers, and joysticks are not supported. Supported Guest Operating Systems The operating systems listed here have been tested in VMware Server virtual machines and are officially supported. For notes on installing guest operating systems, see the VMware Guest Operating System Installation Guide which is available from the VMware Web site.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Linux 64-bit Guest Operating Systems ! Mandriva Linux 2006 ! Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0, including stock 2.4.21, update 2.4.21‐15, and updates 6, and 7 ! Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0, update 8 (experimental support) ! Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, including update 3 ! Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, update 4 (experimenetal support) ! SUSE Linux 9.1 stock 2.6.4‐52 ! SUSE Linux 9.2, including SP1 ! SUSE Linux 9.3 ! SUSE Linux 10 ! SUSE Linux 10.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements ! Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, including R2 ! Microsoft Windows XP Professional and Home Editions, including SP1 and SP2 ! Microsoft Windows Vista (experimental support) ! Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional, including SP1, SP2, SP3, and SP4 ! Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, including SP1, SP2, SP3, and SP4 ! Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server, SP3 and SP4 only ! Microsoft Windows NT 4.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 18 ! Red Hat Linux 9.0, stock 2.4.20‐8 and upgrade 2.4.20‐20.9 ! Red Hat Linux 8.0 stock 2.4.18 ! Red Hat Linux 7.3 stock 2.4.18 ! Red Hat Linux 7.2, stock 2.4.7‐10 and upgrades 2.4.9‐7, 2.4.9‐13, 2.4.9‐21, and 2.4.9‐31 ! Red Hat Linux 7.1 stock 2.4.2‐2 and upgrade 2.2.3‐12 ! Red Hat Linux 7.0 stock 2.2.16‐22 and upgrade 2.2.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Novell NetWare ! NetWare 4.2 ! NetWare 5.1, SP8 only ! NetWare 6, SP 5 only ! Netware 6.5, SP3 only FreeBSD ! FreeBSD 4.0–4.6.2 ! FreeBSD 4.8 ! FreeBSD 5 ! Free BSD 5.1‐5.3 ! Free BSD 5.4 ! FreeBSD 6.0 Sun Solaris ! Solaris 9 (experimental support) ! Solaris 10, including update 1 and update 2 Ubuntu ! Ubuntu Linux 5.04 and 5.10 ! Ubuntu Linux 6.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Self-Service Support Use the VMware Technology Network for self help tools and technical information: ! Product Information — http://www.vmware.com/products/product_index.html ! Technology Information — http://www.vmware.com/vcommunity/technology ! Documentation — http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs ! Knowledge Base — http://www.vmware.com/support/kb ! Discussion Forums — http://www.vmware.com/community ! User Groups — http://www.vmware.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements NOTE The support script runs only on the VMware Server host. If you encounter problems on a remote client, you must supply the log files manually. The required log files depend on the problem encountered on the client. You should include the VMware Server Console log file and the installation log files. To run the support script on a Windows host 1 Open a command prompt. 2 Change to the VMware Server program directory. C: cd \Program Files\VMware\VMware S
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide http://www.vmware.com/requestsupport for any issues you encounter on a client and include the VMware Server Console’s log file or its installation log files. Virtual Machine Log File If a virtual machine exits abnormally or crashes, run the support script or save the log file before you launch that virtual machine again. On a Windows host, the vmware.log file is in the same directory as the configuration file (.vmx) of the virtual machine.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements VMware Management Interface Log File The VMware Management Interface keeps a log. On a Windows host, the log is called mui.log and is stored by default in C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Management Interface. On a Linux host, the log is called error_log and is stored by default in /var/log/vmware-mui. VMware Authorization Service Log File You can manually enable logging for the VMware Authorization Service, known as vmware-authd on Linux hosts.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide VMware Server and VMware Server Console Installation Log Files VMware Server keeps installation log files on the server host. On a remote client, the VMware Server Console keeps two installation log files. If you encounter problems installing the VMware Server Console, submit a support request including the names of these log files. On a Windows host, the files are vminst.log and vmmsi.log which are saved in your TEMP directory; the default location is C:\Documents and S
C HAPTER 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine This chapter describes how to create a new virtual machine and covers the following topics: ! “Setting Up a New Virtual Machine” on page 25 ! “Installing a Guest Operating System” on page 37 Setting Up a New Virtual Machine The New Virtual Machine Wizard guides you through the key steps for setting up a new virtual machine, helping you set various options and parameters.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! .vmdk.REDO_xxxxxx — A redo‐log file created automatically when a virtual machine is in independent‐nonpersistent mode. This file stores changes made to a virtual disk while the virtual machine is running. More than one such file might exist. The xxxxxx indicates a unique suffix added automatically by VMware Server to avoid duplicate filenames. ! .vmss — The suspended state file, which stores the state of a suspended virtual machine.
Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine for other users connected to the host. The virtual machine appears in the VMware Management Interface only when you are logged on as the user who created the virtual machine. When the virtual machine is running, the actions you can take depend on your permissions. For more information about permissions, see “Understanding Permissions and Virtual Machines”.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 3 Select the method to use for configuring your virtual machine. If you select Typical, you can specify or accept defaults only for: ! The guest operating system. ! The virtual machine name and the location of the virtual machine’s files. ! The network connection type. ! The size of the virtual disk. ! Allocating all the disk space for the virtual disk at the time you create it. ! Splitting the virtual disk into 2GB files.
Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine ! Create a virtual disk as a single disk file. If the virtual disk is larger than 8GB, the host file system must support files larger than 8GB. ! Store your virtual disk files in a particular location. ! Specify a particular virtual device node for the virtual disk. ! Use independent disk mode (if you don’t plan to use snapshots with this virtual machine; see “Independent Disks” on page 121).
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide If the operating system you are using is not listed, select Other as both the guest operating system and version. The New Virtual Machine Wizard uses this information to select appropriate default values, such as the amount of memory needed. The Wizard also uses this information when naming associated virtual machine files. NOTE 5 VMware Server supports 64‐bit guests. The Wizard includes options for installing 64‐bit versions of certain operating systems.
Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine 6 Specify whether this virtual machine should be private. By default, a virtual machine is private, so only you have access to it. 7 Choose the user account for running the virtual machine (for virtual machines on Windows hosts only) and the host startup and shutdown options. Windows hosts: Under Virtual machine account, choose which user account the virtual machine uses when it runs.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide specify a local user account, a local system administrator account or a fully‐qualified domain user account for this user. All hosts: Under Startup/Shutdown Options, choose whether this virtual machine powers on automatically when the VMware Server host starts up and powers off when the host shuts down. To enable the startup and shutdown options, you must configure the virtual machine to run as an administrator user.
Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine The New Virtual Machine Wizard provides a default value based on your guest operating system selection, as well as the recommended range and the total amount of memory all running virtual machines can use. The Wizard also indicates the minimum amount of memory recommended by the manufacturer and the VMware Server recommended maximum value for best performance of your virtual machine on this server host.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide If you selected Custom as your configuration path, continue with the steps for customizing your virtual machine configuration. 11 Choose the type of SCSI adapter to use with the virtual machine. You cannot change the SCSI adapter type after you create the virtual machine. 12 Select the disk to use with the virtual machine. To use a new, unformatted virtual disk, select Create a new virtual disk.
Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine CAUTION 13 VMware recommends that only advanced users use physical disks with virtual machines. Select whether you want the virtual disk to be an IDE disk or a SCSI disk. The Wizard recommends the best choice based on the guest operating system you selected. 14 Enter the size of the virtual disk that you want to create.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 15 Specify the name and location of the virtual disk’s files. To specify which virtual device node should be used by your virtual disk or to use independent disk mode, click Advanced. CAUTION The independent disk option should be used only by advanced users who need it for special‐purpose configurations. You have the following options for an independent disk: 16 ! Persistent — changes are immediately and permanently written to the disk.
Chapter 2 Creating a New Virtual Machine Installing a Guest Operating System A new virtual machine is like a physical computer with a blank hard disk. Before you can use it, you need to partition and format the virtual disk and install an operating system. The operating system’s installation program can handle the partitioning and formatting steps for you. Installing a guest operating system inside your VMware Server virtual machine is essentially the same as installing it on a physical computer.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To install Windows Server 2003 as a guest OS 1 Insert the Windows Server 2003 CD in the CD‐ROM drive. 2 Power on the virtual machine to start installing Windows Server 2003. 3 If you enabled the virtual machine’s Ethernet adapter, an AMD PCNET Family Ethernet Adapter is detected and set up automatically. 4 Follow the installation steps as you would for a physical computer.
C HAPTER 3 Using VMware Tools This chapter describes how to install and run VMware Tools and covers the following topics: ! “About VMware Tools” on page 39 ! “Installing VMware Tools” on page 41 ! “Executing Scripts When the Virtual Machine’s Power State Changes” on page 55 ! “Configuring VMware Tools” on page 56 ! “About the VMware Tools Service” on page 68 About VMware Tools VMware Tools is a suite of utilities that enhances the performance of the virtual machineʹs guest operating system and i
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide synchronizing the time in the guest operating system with the time in the host operating system. The service starts automatically when the guest operating system boots. For more information, see “About the VMware Tools Service” on page 68. With the VMware SVGA driver installed, VMware Server supports up to 32‐bit displays and high display resolution, with significantly faster overall graphics performance.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Installation files for VMware Tools for all supported Windows, Linux, NetWare, and FreeBSD guest operating systems are built into VMware Server. NOTE VMware Server provides experimental VMware Tools support for both the 32‐bit and 64‐bit versions of Sun Solaris 10 as guest operating systems. The 32‐bit version of VMware Tools runs in compatibility mode on virtual machines running 64‐bit Solaris 10.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide NOTE If you are running VMware Server on a Windows host and your virtual machine has only one CD‐ROM drive, the CD‐ROM drive must be configured as an IDE or SCSI CD‐ROM drive. It cannot be configured as a generic SCSI device. To add an IDE or SCSI CD‐ROM drive, see “Adding, Configuring, and Removing Devices in a Virtual Machine” on page 103. For information about generic SCSI, see “Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device” on page 237.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools The VMware Tools installation wizard starts. 5 Click Next to continue with the VMware Tools installation wizard. The Setup Type dialog box appears. 6 Choose a typical, complete, or custom installation. The installer uses this selection each time you upgrade VMware Tools.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide VMware Mouse driver, the VMware SCSI driver, the VMware vmxnet networking driver (the vlance driver is installed automatically when you created the virtual machine) and the shared folders driver (for use by virtual machines with VMware Workstation). If you plan on using this virtual machine with other VMware products, use the complete installation. To choose the complete installation, select Complete, click Next, then go to step 7.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Click Install once you are ready to begin the installation. The installer begins copying files to your host. You might see one or more Digital Signature Not Found dialog boxes when the installer begins to install the virtual drivers. You can safely ignore these warnings and click Yes or Continue to approve installation of the drivers. 8 After the installer finishes installing the files, click Finish.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To migrate from Windows NT guest operating systems 1 After installing VMware Tools, click Finish. The Display Properties dialog box appears. 2 Click the Display Type button. The Display Type dialog box appears. 3 Click the Change button. The Change Display dialog box appears. 4 Select VMware, Inc. from the Manufacturer list. 5 Select VMware SVGA as the display adapter and click OK.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools If you are upgrading a virtual machine created under VMware GSX Server 2, you might see a dialog box that warns, “The driver you are installing is not specifically designed for the hardware you have.… Do you wish to continue?” Click Yes. 9 After the driver is installed, click Finish. 10 Click Yes to restart Windows Me and start using the new video driver. 11 The VMware Tools background application starts automatically when you reboot your virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To migrate from Windows 95 guest operating systems 1 After installing VMware Tools, click Finish. The Display Settings dialog box appears. 2 Click the Advanced Properties button. The Advanced Display Properties dialog box appears. 3 Click the Change button. The Select Device dialog box appears. 4 Select Have Disk. 5 Enter the following path: D:\video\win9x D: is the drive letter for the first virtual CD‐ROM drive in your virtual machine. Click OK.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools To install VMware Tools silently in a Windows guest, make sure the virtual machine’s CD‐ROM drive is connected to the VMware Tools ISO image (windows.iso, located in the directory where you installed VMware Server) and configured to connect when you power on the virtual machine. Run the silent installation on the extracted installation packages. At the command prompt, on one line, type: msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide The SVGA, Mouse, BusLogic, vmxnet and MemCtl features are children of the Drivers feature. Thus, on the command line, if you type: msiexec -i "D:\VMware Tools.msi" ADDLOCAL=ALL REMOVE=Drivers /qn you also skip installation of the SVGA, Mouse, BusLogic, vmxnet and MemCtl drivers. The drivers installed by VMware Tools are not signed by Microsoft. When you install VMware Tools, you are asked to confirm the installation of these drivers.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools NOTE You do not use an actual CD‐ROM to install VMware Tools, and you do not need to download the CD‐ROM image or burn a physical CD‐ROM of this image file. The VMware Server software contains an ISO image that looks like a CD‐ROM to your guest operating system. This image contains all the files needed to install VMware Tools in your guest operating system.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide After the CD‐ROM is mounted, use the following commands to extract VMware Tools. cd /tmp gunzip -c /cdrom/vmwaretools/vmware-solaris-tools.tar.gz | tar xf Go to step 4. FreeBSD Guests: Some FreeBSD distributions automatically mount CD‐ROMs. If your distribution uses automounting, do not use the mount and umount commands below. You still must untar the VMware Tools installer to /tmp. mount /cdrom cd /tmp tar zxf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Starting VMware Tools Automatically You might find it helpful to configure your guest operating system so VMware Tools starts when you start your X server. The steps for doing so vary depending on your Linux distribution and your desktop environment. Check your operating system documentation for the appropriate steps to take. For example, in a Red Hat Linux 7.1 guest using GNOME, follow these steps. 1 Open the Startup Programs screen in the GNOME Control Center.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide When you install VMware Tools in a NetWare guest operating system, the CPU idler program is installed and loaded. The idler can be disabled from the system console. For information on configuring VMware Tools from the system console, see “Configuring VMware Tools for NetWare Guests in the System Console” on page 66. Follow the appropriate steps for your NetWare guest operating system. Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare 5.1, 6.0, or 6.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools 4 Mount the VMware Tools CD‐ROM image. In the system console, type cd mount vmwtools 5 Start installing VMware Tools. In the system console, type vmwtools:\setup When the installation finishes, the message VMware Tools for NetWare are now running appears in the Console Screen. 6 Bring the guest operating system down. In the system console, type down 7 Restart the guest operating system.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide the virtual machine, while the default script executed when you resume a virtual machine renews the IP address of the virtual machine (this affects only virtual machines configured to use DHCP). On a Linux host, the default script executed when you suspend a virtual machine stops networking for the virtual machine, while the default script executed when you resume a virtual machine starts networking for the virtual machine. In addition, you can create your own scripts.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Configuring VMware Tools in a Windows Virtual Machine This section shows the options available in a Windows 2000 guest operating system. Similar configuration options are available in VMware Tools for other Windows guests. To open the VMware Tools control panel, double‐click the VMware Tools icon in the system tray. If the VMware Tools icon does not appear in the system tray, go to Start > Control Panel > VMware Tools.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Connecting Devices with VMware Tools The Devices tab allows you to enable or disable removable devices. Removable devices include the floppy and CD‐ROM drives and the virtual network adapter. To connect a device select the check box next to the device. To disconnect the device, deselect the check box next to the device. NOTE You can also set these options from the VM > Removable Devices menu in the virtual machine window.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Table 3-1. When You … This Default Script Runs Suspend the guest operating system suspend-vm-default.bat Resume the guest operating system resume-vm-default.bat Power off the guest operating system poweroff-vm-default.bat Power on the guest operating system poweron-vm-default.bat Windows hosts: If the virtual machine is configured to use DHCP, the script executed when you suspend a virtual machine releases the IP address of the virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Shrinking Virtual Disks with VMware Tools The Shrink tab gives you access to the controls you need to reclaim unused space in a virtual disk. In some configurations, it is not possible to shrink virtual disks. If your virtual machine uses such a configuration, the Shrink tab displays information explaining why you cannot shrink your virtual disks. For more information about shrinking virtual disks, see “Defragmenting and Shrinking Virtual Disks” on page 125.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools To open the VMware Tools control panel, at a command prompt, type: vmware-toolbox & You can run VMware Tools as root or as a normal user. To shrink virtual disks, you should run VMware Tools as root (su -). NOTE Always run vmware-toolbox in the guest operating system to ensure you have access to all VMware Tools features, such as copy and paste and mouse ungrab for operating systems for which X display driver is not available.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide For each power state, you can use the default script or you can substitute a script you created. In addition, if you are logged on as root, you can edit a script, test a script, or disable the running of a script. Complete the following steps.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Setting Options with VMware Tools The Options tab gives you the option to synchronize the time in the guest operating system with the time in the host operating system. NOTE You can synchronize the time in the guest operating system with the time in the host operating system only when the time in the guest is earlier than the time in the host. To completely disable time synchronization, see “Disabling Time Synchronization” on page 70.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide NOTE The shrink process affects all disks—not only the disks that you prepare to shrink. For more information about shrinking virtual disks, see “Defragmenting and Shrinking Virtual Disks” on page 125. Configuring VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine This section discusses the options available in a NetWare 6.5, 6.0, or 5.1 guest. VMware Tools does not include a control panel for NetWare 4.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Connecting Devices with VMware Tools The Devices tab allows you to enable or disable removable devices. Removable devices include the floppy and CD‐ROM drives and the virtual network adapter. To connect a device, select the check box next to the device. To disconnect the device, deselect the check box next to the device. NOTE You can also set these options from the VM > Removable Devices menu in the virtual machine window.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Setting Options with VMware Tools The Other tab gives you the option to synchronize the time in the guest operating system with the time in the host operating system. NOTE You can synchronize the time in the guest operating system with the time in the host operating system only when the time in the guest is earlier than the time in the host. To completely disable time synchronization, see “Disabling Time Synchronization” on page 70.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools Summary of VMware Tools Commands for a NetWare Guest Each command in the following table must be entered into the system console after the VMware Tools command vmwtool. Use the following format: vmwtool to enter commands. Table 3-3. vmwtool Command Definition help Displays a summary of VMware Tools commands and options in a NetWare guest. partitonlist Displays a list of all disk partitions in the virtual disk and whether or not a partition can be shrunk.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Table 3-3. vmwtool Command Definition synctime [on|off] Lets you enable or disable time synchronization between the guest operating system and the host operating system. By default, time synchronization is disabled. Use this command without any options to view the current time synchronization status.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools In a Windows guest, the VMware Tools service program file is called VMwareService.exe. Help is available by right‐clicking the VMware Tools icon in the system tray and choosing Help. In a Linux or Solaris guest, the VMware Tools service is called vmware-guestd.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Disabling Time Synchronization To disable time synchronization in the guest, open the virtual machine’s configuration file (.vmx) in a text editor and set the following options to FALSE. tools.syncTime tools.synchronize.restore time.synchronize.resume.disk time.synchronize.continue time.synchronize.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools There are two ways of passing strings to a virtual machineʹs guest operating system: 1 You can place a string in the virtual machineʹs configuration file by setting the string to the machine.id parameter. For example, you can set this string: machine.id = "Hello World." 2 You pass the string to the guest operating system from the command line when you launch the virtual machine. See example 1 below.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide machine name and IP address. In this example, W2K‐VM is the machine name and 148.30.16.24 is the IP address. 1 2 Define a string. Do this by either: ! Adding the following line to your virtual machineʹs configuration file: machine.id = "W2K-VM 148.30.16.24" then launching a virtual machine using this configuration file. ! Launching a virtual machine from the command line. At the command line, type: “C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server\vmware -s 'machine.
Chapter 3 Using VMware Tools From your host operating system, you can prevent a string from being passed to the guest operating system via the service. To do this, set the following line in your virtual machineʹs configuration file: isolation.tools.getMachineID.
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C HAPTER 4 Running Virtual Machines After you have installed VMware Server, a guest operating system, and VMware Tools, you are ready to run your virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! “Checking the Status of VMware Tools” on page 80 ! “Creating a Screen Shot of a Virtual Machine” on page 81 Think of a VMware Server virtual machine as a separate computer that runs in a window on your physical computerʹs desktop. The VMware Server Console lets you connect to multiple virtual machines and switch easily from one to another. When you first connect the VMware Server Console to a VMware Server host, the Home tab appears in the virtual machine display.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Menu Layouts The following table lists the locations for the most commonly used menu items.: Table 4-1.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Selecting virtual machines in the Inventory list opens them in new tabs. If the virtual machine is already running, its desktop appears in the virtual machine display. If the virtual machine is suspended or powered off, the virtual machine display lists information about the virtual machine, including its power state, the guest operating system, the location of the configuration file, and whether the virtual machine is configured for VMware Server or VMware GSX Server 3.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines click the tab of the virtual machine you want to see. It’s like a soft KVM switch. You can use this feature in the windowed view and also in the quick switch view. Figure 4-3. Tabs make it easy to switch among active virtual machines (as seen on a Windows host) You can close a virtual machine’s tab without interrupting the operation of the virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide The inventory gives you a convenient way to open virtual machines. To add a virtual machine to the inventory (for example, if you copied the virtual machine from another host, you need to add it to the inventory manually), choose File > Open, click Browse, and browse to the virtual machine’s configuration (.vmx) file. Indicators on the icons for virtual machines in the list show whether a virtual machine is powered off, powered on or suspended.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Figure 4-5. When VMware Tools is running in a Windows virtual machine, the VMware Tools icon appears in the system tray unless you disable the icon. If the VMware Tools icon is not displayed in the system tray, use the VMware Tools control panel in the guest operating system (Start > Settings > Control Panel > VMware Tools) to change settings for VMware Tools. You can also reactivate the system tray icon. On the Options tab, check Show VMware Tools in the taskbar.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Connecting to Virtual Machines and VMware Server Hosts This section covers the following topics: ! “Connecting to a Virtual Machine from a Windows Host or Client” on page 82 ! “Connecting to a Virtual Machine from a Linux Host or Client” on page 84 ! “Connecting to a Virtual Machine from the VMware Management Interface” on page 85 ! “Connecting to a Different VMware Server Host” on page 85 ! “Connecting to VMware GSX Server and Older Virtual Machines” on page 86
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines NOTE If this is the first time you have launched VMware Server and you did not enter the serial number when you installed the product (an option available on a Windows host), you are prompted to enter it. The serial number is in the email message that came with your electronic distribution. Enter your serial number and click OK. The serial number you enter is saved and VMware Server does not ask you for it again.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 4 If VMware Tools is not running in the virtual machine, click anywhere inside the virtual machine window to give the virtual machine control of your mouse and keyboard. 5 To log on, use Ctrl‐Alt‐Ins—not Ctrl‐Alt‐Del—and type your name and password just as you do on a physical computer. If you use Ctrl‐Alt‐Del, the Windows host detects the command.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines 4 Select the name of the virtual machine you want to use in the Inventory list at the left of the VMware Server Console window. If the virtual machine does not appear in the Inventory, choose File > Open and click Browse to locate the configuration file (.vmx or .cfg file) for the virtual machine you want to use. NOTE By default, VMware Server stores virtual machines in /var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines/.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Connecting to VMware GSX Server and Older Virtual Machines When you connect a VMware Server Console from VMware Server to VMware GSX Server 3, the VMware Server Console controls adapt to VMware GSX Server. Features introduced in VMware Server, such as Virtual SMP, are not available on virtual machines running VMware GSX Server 3.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Creating and Deleting Virtual Machines You can create new virtual machines on the VMware GSX Server 3 host from the VMware Server Console. You can also delete virtual machines running on a VMware GSX Server 3 host from the VMware Server Console.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Product Messages Messages that the VMware Server Console displays are based on the version of the server to which you are connecting. References to menu items, interface elements and product terminology are relevant to that server type and version, not necessarily to the current version of VMware Server. Viewing the Tip of the Day You can view the tip of the day when you are connected to a VMware GSX Server 3 host.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines For the purpose of running scripts in the guest operating system, the commands on the Power menu take precedence over how the toolbar power buttons are configured. For example, if the Suspend toolbar button is configured to run a script when you suspend the virtual machine, and you do not want to run the script, choose Power > Suspend.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Options for Resuming a Virtual Machine Choose from the following options when resuming a virtual machine: ! Resume — resumes the suspended virtual machine. When the virtual machine is powered off, this menu item appears as Power On. ! Resume and Run Script — resumes the suspended virtual machine, then executes the associated script.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Table 4-2. Button Description Shuts down the guest operating system and powers off the virtual machine. Any open applications close, the guest operating system shuts down, then VMware Server powers off the virtual machine. VMware Tools executes any script associated with this power state change. When this icon is red, the virtual machine is powered off. Suspends a running virtual machine. VMware Tools executes any script associated with this power state change.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Note that any applications you were running at the time you suspended the virtual machine are running and the content is the same as it was when you suspended the virtual machine. For more information, see “Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines” on page 109. To suspend and resume a virtual machine from the VMware Management Interface, see “Changing a Virtual Machine’s Power State from the Management Interface” on page 90.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Setting Startup and Shutdown Options from the VMware Server Console To configure a virtual machine’s startup and shutdown options from the VMware Server Console, complete the following steps. 1 In the VMware Server Console, select the virtual machine, and choose VM > Settings. The virtual machine settings editor opens. 2 Click the Options tab, and click Startup/Shutdown.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Setting Startup and Shutdown Options from the Management Interface To configure a virtual machine’s startup and shutdown options from the VMware Management Interface, complete the following steps. 1 On the Status Monitor page of the VMware Management Interface, click the virtual machine menu icon ( ), then choose Configure Options. The Options tab for the virtual machine appears. 2 Click Edit under System Startup Options or System Shutdown Options.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines in the prompt the number of minutes to wait. The System Default is specified in “Configuring Startup and Shutdown Options for Virtual Machines”. 5 Click OK to save your settings. 6 Click Close Window to return to the virtual machine’s Options page. Controlling the Virtual Machine Display There are a variety of ways for you to control how your virtual machines display in the VMware Server Console window.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To view the VMware Server menus and toolbar while you are using quick switch mode, move the mouse pointer to the top of the screen. To resize a Windows guest operating system’s display so it fills as much of the screen as possible in quick switch mode, choose View > Fit Guest Now. The Fit Guest Now option works only if you have the current version of VMware Tools installed in the guest operating system and you disabled Autofit.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Fitting the VMware Server Console Window to the Virtual Machine The View menu gives you two ways to adjust the size of the VMware Server Console window so it exactly fits the virtual machine’s display. Autofit is toggled on or off each time you click it. When Autofit is on, the VMware Server Console window adjusts automatically to fit the virtual machine’s display. When it is off, you can adjust the VMware Server Console window to a size of your choice.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Simplifying the Screen Display You can hide many of the controls visible in the VMware Server Console window. Use the View menu to toggle the following controls on or off: ! Inventory ! Toolbar ! Status bar ! Virtual machine tabs On a Windows host, you can also hide the menu bar. Click the title bar icon, then choose Hide Controls. Choosing Hide Controls hides the menu bar, the toolbar, the status bar, and the inventory.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines The virtual disk must be an independent disk in nonpersistent mode, since any changes you make in the virtual machine cannot be written to the DVD or CD‐ROM. The redo log for the virtual machine must be on the VMware Server host. For more information about independent disks, see “Independent Disks” on page 121.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 7 In a text editor, open the virtual machine’s configuration file (.vmx) and add two of the following lines to the file: disk.locking = FALSE nvram = \nvram (if you think you need to modify the virtual machine’s BIOS) or nvram.mode = "nonpersistent" (if you do not need to modify the virtual machine’s BIOS) 8 Save your changes and close the configuration file.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines When a virtual machine boots and there is no guest operating system installed, it proceeds to boot from devices (hard disk, CD‐ROM drive, floppy drive, and network adapter) in the order in which they occur in the boot sequence specified in the virtual machine’s BIOS. If you plan to use PXE with a virtual machine, it is a good idea to put the network adapter at the top of the boot order.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 3 If the installation program does not start automatically, click the Windows Start button, go to Settings > Control Panel, then double‐click Add/Remove Programs and click the Install button. Follow the instructions on screen and in the user manual for your new software. NOTE Some applications use a product activation feature that creates a key, based on the virtual hardware in the virtual machine where it is installed.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Adding, Configuring, and Removing Devices in a Virtual Machine The virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings) is the control center where you can add devices to a virtual machine, change the settings for those devices, and remove them. In addition, you can add, change, and remove devices in the VMware Management Interface.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Removing Hardware Using the VMware Server Console To remove hardware from a virtual machine, make sure the virtual machine is powered off, then complete the following steps. 1 In the VMware Server Console, select the virtual machine, then click Edit virtual machine settings. The virtual machine settings editor appears. 2 Select the item you want to remove, then click Remove. 3 Click OK to save the change and close the virtual machine settings editor.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Startup Options on a Linux Host The following list describes various options available when you run VMware Server from the command line on a Linux host operating system. You can also set the power options when you change a virtual machine’s power options. See “Using Power Options for Virtual Machines” on page 88. vmware [-x] [-X] [-q] [-v] [-s] [-l] [//.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Options to Use when Connecting Remotely If you are connecting to a virtual machine from a remote client, you can use the following options: -h to connect to a specific host. -P to connect to the host over the specified port. Port 902 is the default port the VMware Server Console uses with remote connections. For information about the port number, see “Changing the Port Number for VMware Server Console Connections”.
Chapter 4 Running Virtual Machines Table 4-3. Shortcut VMware, Inc. Action Ctrl‐B Power on. Ctrl‐E Power off. Ctrl‐R Reset the power. Ctrl‐Z Suspend. Ctrl‐N Create a new virtual machine. Ctrl‐O Open a virtual machine. Ctrl‐F4 Close the current virtual machine. Ctrl‐D Edit the virtual machine’s configuration. Ctrl‐G Grab input from the keyboard and mouse. Ctrl‐P Edit preferences. See “Setting User Preferences for the VMware Server Host”. Ctrl‐Alt‐Enter Go to full screen mode.
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Preserving the State of a Virtual C HAPTER 5 Machine VMware Server provides two ways to preserve the state of a virtual machine. You can either suspend and resume virtual machines or take snapshots of virtual machines.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide NOTE You should not change a configuration file after you suspend a virtual machine The virtual machine does not resume properly if the configuration file is inconsistent with the suspended virtual machine. Also, you should not move any physical (raw) disks that the virtual machine uses. If you do, the virtual machine cannot access its virtual disks when it resumes.
Chapter 5 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine Setting the Suspended State File Directory from the Console 1 Connect to the virtual machine with a console. Make sure the virtual machine is powered off. 2 Choose Edit virtual machine settings. 3 On the Options tab, click General. 4 Under Working Directory, enter the name of a directory to use, or click Browse to select a directory. 5 Click OK.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide For fastest suspend and restore operations, type the path to the appropriate directory in the Suspend File Location field. VMware Server adds a suffix to the name of the suspended state file to ensure that one virtual machine does not overwrite the suspended state file of another. 3 Click OK to save your changes.
Chapter 5 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine NOTE Taking a new snapshot when a snapshot already exists can take a long time, as the original snapshot needs to be removed. While you are taking a new snapshot, other consoles might not be able to connect to the server host and the users trying to connect might see an error that the VMware Registration Service (vmware-serverd) is not running. You cannot take snapshots if using an Independent disk while the virtual machine is powered on or suspended.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! Persistent — changes are immediately and permanently written to the disk. All changes to an independent disk in persistent mode remain, even when you revert to the snapshot. ! Nonpersistent — changes to the disk are discarded when you power off or revert to the snapshot. Ways of Using Snapshots The following examples illustrate the most common ways to use a snapshot.
Chapter 5 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine newly saved data continues to accumulate in them until you take an action that affects the snapshot. Be aware of how much disk space these files consume. ! Remove the snapshot — When you remove the snapshot, the changes accumulated in the new virtual disk file is written permanently to the base disks (either the virtual disk files or the physical disks, depending on your virtual machine’s hard disk configuration).
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Go to VM > Settings > Options > Snapshots. If the virtual machine has no snapshot, you can disable the snapshot feature by selecting Disable snapshots. If you have a snapshot and want to disable the snapshot feature, first go to the console window and choose Snapshot > Remove Snapshot. Return to the virtual machine settings editor and select Disable snapshots. To lock the snapshot so no new snapshot can be taken, select Lock this snapshot.
Chapter 5 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine To remove the snapshot, shut down and power off the virtual machine. Choose Snapshot > Remove Snapshot. NOTE Removing a snapshot when the virtual machine is powered off can take a long time, depending on the size of the snapshot file. While you are removing the snapshot, other consoles might not be able to connect to the server host, and the users trying to connect might see an error that the VMware Registration Service (vmware-serverd) is not running.
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C HAPTER 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine This chapter describes how to configure your virtual machine’s hard disk storage and covers the following topics: ! “Configuring Hard Disk Storage in a Virtual Machine” on page 119 ! “Configuring Optical and Floppy Drives” on page 128 ! “Adding Drives to a Virtual Machine” on page 131 ! “Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager” on page 139 ! “Installing an Operating System onto a Physical Partition” on page 146 ! “Disk Performance in Windows NT Guests on M
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Disk Types: Virtual and Physical In the most common configurations, VMware Server creates virtual hard disks, which are made up of files that are typically stored on your host computer’s hard disk. In some circumstances, you might need to give your virtual machine direct access to a physical hard drive on your host computer — using the disk type referred to as a physical disk.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine information about running virtual machines from DVD‐ROM or CD‐ROM, see “Running Virtual Machines from DVDs or CD‐ROM Discs” on page 98. A key advantage of virtual disks is their portability. Because the virtual disks are stored as files on the host machine or a remote computer, you can move them easily to a new location on the same computer or to a different computer.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide For example, you might want to run a virtual machine that uses a virtual disk stored on DVD or CD‐ROM. For more information, see “Running Virtual Machines from DVDs or CD‐ROM Discs” on page 98. Or, you might want to exclude one or more virtual disks from a virtual machine’s snapshot. For more information about snapshots, see “Taking Snapshots” on page 112. To configure a disk as an independent disk, choose VM > Settings, select the virtual disk, and click Advanced.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine If you are setting up a new virtual machine, follow the custom path in the New Virtual Machine Wizard. In the screen that lets you specify the virtual disk’s capacity, select Split disk into 2GB files. If you are adding a virtual disk to an existing virtual machine, follow the steps in the Add Hardware Wizard. In the screen that lets you specify the virtual disk’s capacity, select Split disk into 2GB files.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide The redo‐log file for a virtual disk vm is named vm.vmdk.REDO. If the virtual disk is split into 2GB files, the disk files are named vm.vmdk, vm-02.vmdk, vm-03.vmdk and so on; its redo‐log files are named vm.vmdk.REDO, vm-02.vmdk.REDO, vm-03.vmdk.REDO and so on. You can choose the location where the redo‐log files are stored. By default, the files are stored in the same directory as the virtual disk (.vmdk) file.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine You can use SCSI reservation to work around the lock file so that multiple virtual machines can access it. This is typically done in conjunction with a high‐availability configuration, such as clustering. For more information about this, see “Using High‐Availability Configurations” in the VMware Server Administration Guide. When a virtual machine is powered off, it removes the lock files it created.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide For best disk performance, you can take the following three actions, in the order listed: 1 Run a disk defragmentation utility inside the virtual machine. 2 Power off the virtual machine and defragment its virtual disks from the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings). Select the virtual disk you want to defragment, and click Defragment. 3 Run a disk defragmentation utility on the host computer. Defragmenting disks can take considerable time.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine for shrinking. This allows for the maximum shrink possible. Wiping takes place in the guest operating system. The shrink process itself is the second step, and it takes place outside the virtual machine. VMware Server reduces the size of the disk based on the disk space reclaimed by the wipe process. This step occurs after the wipe finishes preparing the disk for shrinking.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! The virtual disk is not an independent disk in persistent mode. For more information, see “Independent Disks” on page 121. ! The virtual disk is stored on a CD‐ROM. Configuring Optical and Floppy Drives The following sections describe how to configure your virtual machine’s optical (DVD/CD‐ROM) and floppy drives. You can use the physical device or point the virtual machine to an ISO or floppy image file.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine ! 4 “Using the DVD/CD‐ROM Drive on a Client” on page 130 Click OK to save your changes and close the virtual machine settings editor. Choosing a Device Node for the DVD/CD-ROM Drive Like a virtual disk, the virtual machine’s DVD/CD‐ROM drive can be associated with a specific SCSI or IDE device node.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide drives and their drivers do not work correctly in raw mode. Select Legacy emulation to work around these problems. Exclusively Using the DVD/CD-ROM Drive You can prevent other virtual machines and the host from using the DVD/CD‐ROM drive until either you disconnect it from this virtual machine or you power off or suspend the virtual machine. In the virtual machine settings editor, check Connect exclusively to this virtual machine.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine Configuring a Virtual Machine’s Floppy Drive from the Console To configure a virtual machine’s floppy drive, complete the following steps. 1 Connect to the virtual machine with the VMware Server Console. 2 Open the virtual machine settings editor. Choose VM > Settings. 3 On the Hardware tab, select the floppy drive. 4 To connect this virtual machine to the floppy drive when the virtual machine is powered on, check Connect at Power On.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Adding Virtual Disks to a Virtual Machine Virtual disks are stored as files on the host computer or on a network file server. It does not matter whether the disk that holds the files is IDE or SCSI. A virtual IDE drive can be stored on an IDE drive or on a SCSI drive. So can a virtual SCSI drive. Use the virtual machine settings editor to add a new virtual disk to your virtual machine. The virtual machine should be powered off before you begin.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine the virtual disk if it is stored on a FAT32 file system or on a file system that cannot support files larger than 2GB, such as FAT16. 6 Accept the default filename and location for the virtual disk file, or change it if you want to use a different name or location. To find a different folder, click Browse. If you want to specify a device node for your virtual disk, click Advanced. On the advanced settings screen, you can also specify a disk mode.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Snapshots” on page 112. You can choose between a normal disk and an independent disk. Normal disks are included in snapshots. This is the default setting for a new disk. Independent disks are not included in snapshots. If you select Independent, you must further select one of the following modes: ! Persistent — changes are immediately and permanently written to the disk. ! Nonpersistent — changes to the disk are discarded when you power off or revert to the snapshot.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine 3 Select Use a physical disk, and click Next. The Select a Physical Disk screen appears. 4 Choose the physical hard disk to use from the drop‐down list. Then select whether use the entire disk or use only individual partitions on the disk. ! To use the entire disk, select Use entire disk, then click Next. ! To use specific partitions on the disk, select Use individual partitions, and then click Next. The Select Partition screen appears.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 5 The Specify Disk File screen appears. To change the default filename and location for the file that stores access information for this physical disk, click Browse. Click Advanced to specify the virtual machine SCSI or IDE device node to which this disk is connected. On the advanced settings screen, you can also specify a disk mode. This is useful in certain special‐purpose configurations in which you want to exclude disks from the snapshot.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine 6 The Wizard configures the new physical disk. If the partitions used on the physical disk are not formatted for your guest operating system, use the guest operating system’s tools to format them. NOTE After you create a physical disk using one or more partitions on a physical disk, you should never modify the partition tables by running fdisk or a similar utility in the guest operating system.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide NOTE The benefit of using Auto detect devices is that they can be moved between virtual machines running different operating systems, such as Windows and Linux, without having to be reconfigured. If you do not want the CD‐ROM drive connected when the virtual machine starts, uncheck Connect at power on. Click Advanced to specify the device node the drive should use in the virtual machine. On the advanced settings screen you can also select Legacy emulation.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine 3 Select what you want to connect to — a physical floppy drive on the host computer, an existing floppy image file, or a new floppy image file. Click Next. 4 If you selected Use a physical floppy drive, choose the drive’s letter (on a Windows host) or device name (on a Linux host) from the drop‐down list or choose Auto detect to let VMware Server select the drive to use. Click Finish.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide You can use the virtual disk manager to: ! Automate the management of virtual disks with scripts. ! Create virtual disks that are not associated with a particular virtual machine, to be used for templates, for example. ! Switch the virtual disk type from preallocated to growable, or vice versa. When changing the disk type to growable, some space on the virtual disk is reclaimed. You can shrink the virtual disk to reclaim even more disk space.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine Table 6-1. Options/Parameters Description Is the name of the virtual disk file. The virtual disk file must have a .vmdk extension. You can specify a path to where you want to locate the disk. If you mapped network shares on your host, you can create the virtual disk there by providing the correct path information with the disk filename. -c Creates the virtual disk.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Table 6-1. Options/Parameters Description -n Renames the virtual disk specified by . You must specify the name of the target virtual disk (). By providing directory paths, you can rename the disk and place it in a different directory or place the disk with the same name in a different directory.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine Table 6-1. Options/Parameters Description -s [GB|MB] Specifies the size of the virtual disk. Specify whether the size is in gigabytes or megabytes. You must specify the size of a virtual disk when you create it. Even though you must specify the size of a virtual disk when you expand it, you do not use the -s option at that time. -t [0|1|2|3] You must specify the type of virtual disk when you create a new one or reconfigure an existing one.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide VMware DiskMount mounts individual volumes of a virtual disk. For optimal shrinking of a virtual disk, you should mount all the volumes and prepare them for shrinking. After you mount a virtual disk volume, use the virtual disk manager to prepare the volume for shrinking. After you prepare a volume, unmount it, and repeat the process for each volume of the virtual disk. After you prepare all the volumes of the virtual disk, you can shrink the virtual disk.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine vmware-vdiskmanager -n myDisk.vmdk myNewDisk.vmdk To rename the disk and locate it in a different directory, use: vmware-vdiskmanager -n myDisk.vmdk ..\\\myNewDisk.vmdk NOTE The paths used in these examples assume a Microsoft Windows host. To locate the disk in a different directory but keep the same name, use: vmware-vdiskmanager -n myDisk.vmdk ..\\\myDisk.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Shrinking a Virtual Disk To shrink a virtual disk, it must be located on a Microsoft Windows host. Before you can shrink the virtual disk, make sure you prepare all the volumes of the virtual disk for shrinking. Then use the following: vmware-vdiskmanager -k myDisk.vmdk Remember, you cannot shrink a virtual disk if you preallocated all the disk space when you created the virtual disk. You cannot shrink a physical (raw) disk.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine NOTE While installing the guest operating system on a physical disk, if your virtual machine does not boot from the CD‐ROM, try changing the boot order in the virtual machine’s BIOS. Restart the virtual machine, and press F2 while the virtual machine is booting to enter the BIOS. Change the boot order there. Read the section appropriate to your VMware Server host operating system.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 3 When you reach the Select a Disk step, select Use a physical disk. 4 Choose the physical hard disk to use from the drop‐down list. Select whether to use the entire disk or use only individual partitions on the disk. Click Next. 5 If you selected Use individual partitions in the previous step, select which partitions you want to use in the virtual machine. If you selected Use entire disk, this step does not appear. Click Next.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine CAUTION Corruption is possible if you allow the virtual machine to modify a partition that is simultaneously mounted under Windows. Since the virtual machine and guest operating system access a physical disk partition while the host continues to run Windows, it is critical that you not allow the virtual machine to modify any partition mounted by the host or in use by another virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide /dev/hda (IDE physical disk) and /dev/sdb (SCSI physical disk) belong to group ID disk. If this is the case, you can add VMware Server users to the disk group. Another option is to change the owner of the device. Think carefully about security issues when you explore different options here.
Chapter 6 Using Disks in a Virtual Machine host computers. The I/O issue is especially noticeable when the virtual machine is booting. NOTE Performance in Windows NT guest operating systems might also be affected by disk fragmentation on the host computer. For details, see “Configuring and Maintaining the Host Computer”. Improving Performance You can increase performance by enabling DMA (direct memory access) on the virtual hard disk’s IDE channel in the virtual machine.
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C HAPTER 7 Networking This chapter describes how to use virtual networking components to create a wide range of configurations and covers the following topics: ! “Components of the Virtual Network” on page 153 ! “Common Networking Configurations” on page 155 ! “Custom Networking Configurations” on page 159 ! “Changing the Networking Configuration” on page 162 ! “Advanced Networking Topics” on page 171 ! “Understanding NAT” on page 190 ! “Using Samba for File Sharing on a Linux Host” on page 2
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Several of the switches and the networks associated with them are, by default, used for special named configurations. The bridged network normally uses VMnet0. The host‐only network uses VMnet1 by default. The NAT network uses VMnet8 by default. The other available networks are named VMnet2, VMnet3, VMnet4, and so on.
Chapter 7 Networking DHCP server – The DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server provides IP network addresses to virtual machines in configurations that are not bridged to an external network — for example, host‐only and NAT configurations.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Bridged Networking Figure 7-1. Bridged networking connects a virtual machine to a network using the host computer’s Ethernet adapter. Bridged networking is set up automatically if you select Use bridged networking in the New Virtual Machine Wizard or if you select the Typical setup path. This selection is available on a Linux host only if you enable the bridged networking option when you install VMware Server.
Chapter 7 Networking You can set or change the option to use bridged networking in the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings). For details, see “Changing the Networking Configuration” on page 162. Network Address Translation (NAT) Figure 7-2. NAT gives a virtual machine access to network resources using the host computer’s IP address.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide let you use the virtual machine as a Web server to send Web pages to computers on the external network. If you make some other selection in the New Virtual Machine Wizard and later decide to use NAT, you can make that change in the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings). For details, see “Changing the Networking Configuration” on page 162. For a more thorough discussion of NAT, see “Understanding NAT” on page 190. Host-Only Networking Figure 7-3.
Chapter 7 Networking Routing and Connection Sharing If you install the proper routing or proxy software on your host computer, you can establish a connection between the host virtual Ethernet adapter and a physical network adapter on the host computer. This allows you, for example, to connect the virtual machine to a Token Ring or other non‐Ethernet network.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Figure 7-4. In this custom configuration, a Web server connects through a firewall to an external network. An administrator’s computer can connect to the Web server through a second firewall. To set up this configuration, you must create four virtual machines and use the virtual machine settings editor to adjust the settings for their virtual Ethernet adapters.
Chapter 7 Networking Use the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings) to add a second virtual network adapter, as described in “Changing the Networking Configuration” on page 162. Connect the second adapter to Custom (VMnet2). Click OK to save the configuration and close the virtual machine settings editor. 3 If a console is not running, launch one. Open virtual machine 2. Do not power on the virtual machine. Use the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings) to add a virtual network adapter.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 8 Configure the networking in each guest operating system. For the bridged Ethernet adapter in virtual machine 1, use the networking settings needed for a connection to the external network. If the virtual machine gets its IP address from a DHCP server on the external network, the default settings should work. For the second Ethernet adapter in virtual machine 1, manually assign an IP address in the range you are using with VMnet2.
Chapter 7 Networking To add and configure a virtual network adapter from the Console 1 Power off the virtual machine. 1 Open the virtual machine settings editor. Choose VM > Settings. 2 Click Add. 3 The Add Hardware Wizard starts. Select Ethernet Adapter. Click Next. The Network Type screen appears. 4 Specify the type of networking this virtual NIC uses. Select Bridged, NAT, Host‐only, Custom or Named.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To change the configuration of an existing virtual network adapter 1 Open the virtual machine settings editor. Choose VM > Settings. 2 Select the adapter you want to modify. 3 Specify the type of networking this virtual NIC uses. Select Bridged, NAT, Host‐only, Custom or Named. If you select Custom, choose the VMnet virtual network you want to use for the network from the drop‐down list.
Chapter 7 Networking The Virtual Network Editor appears, with the Summary tab active. 3 By default, the VMnet0 virtual network is set up in bridged mode and bridges to one of the active Ethernet adapters on the host computer. The choice of which adapter it uses is arbitrary. VMware recommends that you let VMware Server choose an available physical network adapter for bridging, as it provides fault tolerance.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To exclude an Ethernet adapter, click Add to add it to the list of excluded devices. In the Choose Network Adapters dialog box, select the listing for the adapter you want to exclude, then click OK. To remove an adapter from the list of excluded adapters, select its name in the list, and click Remove. If you are using teamed network adapters on your host, you can exclude the physical network adapters from bridged networking.
Chapter 7 Networking Choose an adapter from the drop‐down list beside the name of the virtual switch you want to use. If you are using teamed network adapters on your host, you can choose the teamed NIC for VMnet0. CAUTION 6 Be careful when you change the bridged adapter mappings. If you re‐assign a physical Ethernet adapter to a different virtual network, any virtual machine using the original network loses its network connectivity through that network.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide The address should specify a valid network address that is suitable for use with the subnet mask. The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 (a class‐C network). Typically, this means you should modify only the third number in the IP address — for example, x in 192.168.x.0 or 172.16.x.0. In general, you should not change the subnet mask. Certain virtual network services may not work as well with a customized subnet mask.
Chapter 7 Networking If you are not using these adapters, you can remove them (users on Windows hosts can disable the adapters instead of removing them). The presence of these adapters has a slight performance cost, because broadcast packets must go to the extra adapters. On Windows networks, browsing your network can be slower than usual. And in some cases, these adapters interact with the host computer’s networking configuration in undesirable ways.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 5 Click OK to close the Virtual Network Editor. To remove a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 Choose Host > Virtual Network Settings > Host Virtual Adapters. 2 Select the adapter you want to remove, then click Remove adapter. 3 Click OK. Removing a Host Virtual Adapter from a Linux Host Follow these steps to remove a host virtual adapter from a Linux host. 1 Become root and run the VMware Server configuration program. su vmware-config.
Chapter 7 Networking Would you prefer to modify your existing networking configuration using the wizard or the editor? (wizard/editor/help) [wizard] editor 4 You see a list of virtual networks that have been configured. Select the network corresponding to the adapter you wish to disable. The following virtual networks have been defined: . vmnet0 is bridged to eth0 . vmnet1 is a host-only network on subnet 172.16.155.0. . vmnet8 is NAT network on a private subnet 172.16.107.0.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! “Routing Between Two Host‐Only Networks” on page 185 ! “Using Virtual Ethernet Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host” Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration A host‐only network uses a private virtual network. The host and all virtual machines configured for host‐only networking are connected to the network through a virtual switch.
Chapter 7 Networking configure the VMware DHCP server to always assign the same IP address to each of these virtual machines. To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host 1 On a Linux host, configure the host‐only DHCP server by editing the DHCP configuration file for VMnet1 (/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf). 2 To configure the DHCP server for the NAT network, edit the configuration file for VMnet8 (/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf).
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 3 Make the desired changes, then click OK. Choosing the Method for Assigning IP Addresses For virtual machines that you do not expect to keep for long, use DHCP and let it allocate an IP address. For each host‐only or NAT network, the available IP addresses are split up using the conventions shown in the tables below, where is the network number assigned to your host‐only or NAT network. VMware Server always uses a Class C address for host‐only and NAT networks.
Chapter 7 Networking Windows Hosts Systems using server versions of Windows 2000 are capable of forwarding IP packets that are not addressed to them. By default, however, these systems come with IP packet forwarding disabled. If you find packets leaking out of a host‐only network on a Windows 2000 host computer, check to see whether forwarding has been enabled on the host machine. If it is enabled, disable it. Choose Start > Programs > Administrative Tools > Routing and Remote Access.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To prevent the leakage, be sure packet forwarding is disabled in your guest operating system. Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine When a virtual machine is powered on, VMware Server automatically assigns each of its virtual network adapters an Ethernet MAC address. MAC stands for media access control. A MAC address is the unique address assigned to each Ethernet device.
Chapter 7 Networking Manually Assigning a MAC Address If you want to guarantee that the same MAC address is assigned to a given virtual machine every time, even if the virtual machine is moved, or if you want to guarantee a unique MAC address for each virtual machine within a networked environment, you can assign the address manually instead of letting VMware Server assign it automatically.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide If either of these processes is being run only to receive routing information, the easiest solution is to run the process with a -q option so that it does not supply routing information, only receives it. If, however, the processes are running because they supply routing information, you need to configure them so they do not advertise routes to the host‐only network.
Chapter 7 Networking An alternative solution is to explicitly state the set of network interfaces that you want dhcpd to listen to each time you start the program. For example, if your machine has one Ethernet interface, eth0, then each time you start dhcpd, list it on the command line: dhcpd eth0 This keeps dhcpd from probing for all available network interfaces. If the above solutions do not work for your DHCP server program, then it likely is old.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 2 If you have more than one physical Ethernet adapter, one of the prompts you see is similar to this: The following bridged networks have been defined: . vmnet0 is bridged to eth0 Do you wish to configure another bridged network? (yes/no) [no] Answer yes. 3 If you have additional physical Ethernet adapters not yet connected to a bridged network, the prompt is repeated, showing information about all currently configured bridged networks.
Chapter 7 Networking networking mode (such as 802.3ad Dynamic or 802.3ad‐Draft Static mode) you want to use, you should use adapters that support that mode. VMware has not tested and does not support network adapter teams with VMware Server on Linux hosts. VMware Server supports teamed Broadcom‐based network adapters when used with Broadcom teaming software in the following modes: ! Generic Trunking (FEC/GEC/802.3ad‐Draft Static) ! Link Aggregation (802.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 4 Click OK to close the property sheet. 5 Right‐click the NIC device, and choose Properties to unbind the VMware Bridge Protocol from each physical NIC that is being used for bridged networking. 6 Clear the VMware Bridge Protocol check box. 7 Click OK to close the property sheet. Alternately, you can use the Virtual Network Editor to either map the teamed NIC to VMnet0 or exclude the physical adapters from any automatic bridging by VMware Server.
Chapter 7 Networking To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host 1 Choose Host > Virtual Network Settings > Host Virtual Adapters. 2 Click Add new adapter. 3 Choose the virtual network on which to use the adapter and click OK. 4 Click Apply. 5 Click OK to close the Virtual Network Editor. To set up the second host-only interface on a Linux host 1 As root (su -), run the VMware Server configuration program. vmware-config.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide command again. These four interfaces should have different IP address on separate subnets. Configuring the Virtual Machines Now you have two host‐only interfaces (VMnet1 and VMnet2). You are ready to set up your virtual machines for one of the following configurations: ! The virtual machine is configured with one virtual Ethernet adapter, and that virtual adapter is connected to the default host‐only interface (VMnet 1).
Chapter 7 Networking Configuration 3 — Connect to Two Host-Only Interfaces 1 Create the virtual machine or use an existing virtual machine. 2 Launch VMware Server and open the virtual machine. 3 Edit the configuration using the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings). Select the first network adapter in the list of devices, select Custom, and choose VMnet1 (Host‐only) (on a Windows host) or /dev/vmnet1 (on a Linux host) from the drop‐down list on the right.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide On Linux hosts, the first host‐only network is set up when you run the vmware-config.pl program after you install VMware Server, provided you agree to install host‐only networking. If you did not agree to use host‐only networking, you need to run the script again to set up host‐only networking. To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host 1 Go to Host > Virtual Network Settings > Host Virtual Adapters. 2 Click Add new adapter.
Chapter 7 Networking 4 Complete the Wizard. When it is finished, it restarts all services used by VMware Server. 5 Run ifconfig. You should see at least four network interfaces — eth0, lo, vmnet1, and vmnet2. If the VMnet interfaces do not show up immediately, wait for a minute, then run the command again. These four interfaces should have different IP address on separate subnets. Setting Up the Virtual Machines Now you have two host‐only network adapters on the host computer.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Virtual Machine 3 — Connected to Both Host-Only Interfaces If you plan to run the router software on a virtual machine, set up a third virtual machine for that purpose. 1 Create the virtual machine or use an existing virtual machine. 2 Launch a VMware Server Console and open the virtual machine. 3 Edit the configuration using the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings).
Chapter 7 Networking the IP address for the host‐only adapter connected to VMnet1. In the second virtual machine’s networking configuration, the default router address should be the IP address for the host‐only adapter connected to VMnet2. If you are running the router software on the third virtual machine, set the default router addresses in the first two virtual machines based on those used by the third virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide If you want all users to be able to set the virtual Ethernet Adapter (/dev/vmnet0 in our example) to promiscuous mode, you can simply run the following command on the host operating system as root: chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0 Understanding NAT Network address translation, or NAT, provides a simple way for virtual machines to use most client applications over almost any type of network connection available to the host.
Chapter 7 Networking Using NAT The NAT device is connected to the VMnet8 virtual switch. Virtual machines connected to the NAT network also use the VMnet8 virtual switch. The NAT device waits for packets coming from virtual machines on the VMnet8 virtual network. When a packet arrives, the NAT device translates the address of the virtual machine to that of the host before forwarding the packet to the external network.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide virtual machines to a DNS server that is known by the host. Responses come back to the NAT device, which then forwards them to the virtual machines. If they get their configuration information from DHCP, the virtual machines on the NAT network automatically use the NAT device as the DNS server. However, the virtual machines can be statically configured to use another DNS server. The virtual machines in the private NAT network are not, themselves, accessible via DNS.
Chapter 7 Networking virtual machine on the NAT network. For details, see “Advanced NAT Configuration” on page 193. File sharing of the type used by Windows operating systems and Samba is possible among computers on the NAT network — including virtual machines and the host computer.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide To edit NAT settings for a virtual network, choose it from the drop‐down menu, then click Edit. The NAT Settings dialog box appears. You can change any of the following NAT settings: ! Port forwarding lets you send incoming TCP or UDP requests to a specific virtual machine on the virtual network served by the NAT device. To set up and configure forwarded ports, click Port forwarding. A dialog box appears. To add a new port for either TCP or UDP, click Add.
Chapter 7 Networking ! To allow only passive mode FTP over the NAT device, deselect the Active FTP check box. ! You can change the number of minutes to keep the UDP mapping for the NAT in the UDP timeout field. ! If you change the OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) portion of the MAC address for the virtual machine and subsequently cannot use NAT with the virtual machine, you should check the Allow Any OUI check box.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide activeFTP A flag that indicates if active FTP is to be allowed. Active FTP allows incoming connections to be opened by the remote FTP server. Turning this off means that only passive mode FTP works. Set the flag to 0 to turn active FTP off. The [udp] Section timeout The number of minutes to keep the UDP mapping for the NAT. The [incomingtcp] Section Use this section to configure TCP port forwarding for NAT.
Chapter 7 Networking ! DHCP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetdhcp.conf NOTE You can change many key NAT and DCHP settings using the Virtual Network Editor (Host > Virtual Network Settings). However, if you have made manual changes to the configuration files, some or all of those changes might be lost when you use the Virtual Network Editor.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Considerations for Using NAT Because NAT requires that every packet sent and received from virtual machines be in the NAT network, there is an unavoidable performance penalty. Our testing shows that the penalty is minor for dial‐up and DSL connections, and performance is adequate for most VMware Server uses. NAT is not perfectly transparent.
Chapter 7 Networking Windows Server 2003 as a guide. The process is similar for Windows NT, Windows Me, and Windows 9x guests. 1 In the virtual machine, right‐click on My Network Places and select Properties. 2 In the Network Connections window, right‐click the virtual network adapter and select Properties. 3 In the Properties dialog box, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click Properties. 4 In the TCP/IP Properties dialog box, click Advanced.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide to the domain. You need to know the user ID and password of the Administrator on the domain controller. NOTE Your access is limited to shares of virtual machines that are on the same NAT network or are bridged on the same domain. Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File The following is a sample Linux vmnetnat.conf file. # Linux NAT configuration file [host] # NAT gateway address ip = 192.168.237.
Chapter 7 Networking # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other # than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port # number in Host: header) # lynx http://localhost:8888 #8888 = 192.168.27.128:80 # SSH # ssh -p 8889 root@localhost #8889 = 192.168.27.128:22 [incomingudp] # UDP port forwarding example #6000 = 192.168.27.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide If you do not need any shares to appear on your bridged network, you can use your existing Samba server and set up the configuration file so it works only on the host‐only network. Samba configurations can be quite complex. This section provides several sample configuration files. If you need to go beyond the issues covered here, see the man page for the smb.conf file. To view this man page, type one of the following commands in a terminal window: man smb.
Chapter 7 Networking # # If you modify it, it will be backed up the next time you run the # configuration program. # Global settings [global] # This should be polled at install time from the private subnet created by # vmware-config.pl socket address = 192.168.183.1 interfaces = vmnet1 bind interfaces only = yes workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = VMware host-only security = user encrypt passwords = yes # Note: Printers not loaded in this example.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide # Shared resources # Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes # Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes ;[HostFS] ; comment = VMware host filesystem ; path = / ; public = no ; writeable = yes ; printable = no Sample smb.conf for Bridged Networking The following sample Samba configuration file is for use with bridged networking.
Chapter 7 Networking # "testparm" to check that you have not many any basic syntactic # errors. # Global Settings [global] interfaces = eth0 workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = Samba Host Box # # ; ; ; Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented below. printcap name = lpstat load printers = yes printing = cups socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 log file = /var/log/samba/log.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ;[printers] ; comment = All Printers ; path = /var/spool/samba ; browseable = yes ; guest ok = yes ; writable = no ; printable = yes ; create mode = 0700 ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p -o raw %s -r # using client side ; printer drivers. ; print command = lpr-cups -P %p %s # using cups own drivers (use ; generic PostScript on clients).
Chapter 7 Networking NOTE 3 vmware-smbpasswd is based on the standard Samba password program. If you are familiar with the options used in smbpasswd, you can use any of them in vmware-smbpasswd. Log off of the root account. exit You might receive an error message that says Unknown virtual interface "vmnet1" This indicates your machine is not using the VMware Server Samba server.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide You can add user names and passwords to the Samba password file at any time from a terminal window on your Linux host computer. 1 Log on to the root account. su - 2 Run the Samba password command. smbpasswd -a is the user name you want to add. Follow the instructions on the screen. 3 Log off of the root account.
Chapter 7 Networking ; ; Note that you will need to insert specific information ; for your system at several points indicated in the file ; by .
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ; Max log size in KB max log size = 1024 ; Locks lock directory = /var/samba ; SMB passwords smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd ; ; Name browsing ; ; Allow the host to participate in master browser ; elections local master = yes ; Force a local browser election upon startup ; We need that otherwise it takes a long time before the ; windows network is browsable preferred master = yes ; Do not try to resolve SMB names via DNS dns proxy = no ; Shared resources ; ; Home
C HAPTER 8 Configuring Devices This chapter describes how to use various devices with a virtual machine and covers the following topics: ! “Using Parallel Ports” on page 211 ! “Using Serial Ports” on page 216 ! “Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host” on page 226 ! “Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine” on page 232 ! “Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device” on page 237 ! “Using Two‐Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing (Experimental)” on page 244 Using Parallel Ports VMware Server supports a partial
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide passed to the virtual machine. Also, the guest operating system cannot use DMA (direct memory access) to move data to or from the port. For this reason, not all devices that attach to the parallel port are guaranteed to work correctly. You can attach up to three parallel ports to a virtual machine. The virtual parallel port can connect to a parallel port or a file on the host operating system.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices Under Device status, the default setting is Connect at power on. Deselect the check box if you do not want the parallel port device to be connected when the virtual machine powers on. 6 Click Finish to install the virtual parallel port, and click OK to save the configuration and close the virtual machine settings editor. Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host For the parallel port to work properly in a guest, it must first be configured properly on the host.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Linux kernels in the 2.6.x series also use a special arbitrator that allows access to the parallel port hardware. If the parallel port is in use by the host, the guest cannot use it. If a virtual machine is using the parallel port, the host and any users accessing the host are not given access to the device. VMware Server puts a lock on the device, and this lock restricts access so only the virtual machine can use the port.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices If a virtual machine is using the parallel port, the host and any users accessing the host are not given access to the device. VMware Server puts a lock on the device, and this lock restricts access so only the virtual machine can use the port. You can choose VM > Removable Devices to disconnect the parallel port from the virtual machine and reconnect it. Parallel Ports and Linux 2.2.x Kernels The 2.2.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Device Permissions Some Linux distributions by default do not grant the virtual machine access to the lp and parport devices. In most of these cases, the owner of the device is root and the associated group is lp. To allow the VMware Server user to access the device, add the user to the associated group. To view the owner and group of the device, run this command: ls –la /dev/parport0 The third and fourth columns of the output show the owner and group, respectively.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices ! You can make a direct connection between two virtual machines or between a virtual machine and an application running on the host computer. You can also select whether to connect the virtual serial port when you power on the virtual machine. Using a Serial Port on the Host Computer You can set up the virtual serial port in a virtual machine to use a physical serial port on the host computer.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide 5 You can choose the port on the host computer to use for this serial connection or choose Auto detect to let VMware Server select the port. NOTE 6 The benefit of auto‐detect devices is that they can be moved between virtual machines running different operating systems, such as Linux and Windows, without having to be reconfigured. By default, the device status setting is Connect at power on.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices Connecting to an Output File from the Console 1 Open the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings). 2 Click Add to start the Add Hardware Wizard. 3 Select Serial Port, then click Next. The Serial Port Type screen appears. 4 Select Output to file, then click Next. The Choose Serial Port Output File screen appears. 5 Browse to the file on the host computer that you want to use to store the output of the virtual serial port.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine You can set up the virtual serial port in a virtual machine to connect to an application on the host computer. This is useful, for example, if you want to use an application on the host to capture debugging information sent from the virtual machine’s serial port.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices For a serial pipe on a Linux host, enter /tmp/ or another Unix socket name of your choice. NOTE If you are using a Windows console to connect to a virtual machine on a remote Linux host, be sure to specify a Linux pipe name here, such as /tmp/. If you are using a Linux console to connect to a virtual machine on a remote Windows host, be sure to specify a Windows pipe name here, such as \\.\pipe\.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Connecting Two Virtual Machines from the Console 1 Connect to the server virtual machine with a console. 2 Open the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings). 3 Click Add to start the Add Hardware Wizard. 4 Select Serial Port, and click Next. 5 Select Output to named pipe, and click Next. The Specify Named Pipe screen appears. 6 Use the default pipe name, or enter another pipe name of your choice.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices communicate over a serial connection. For more information, see “Special Configuration Options for Advanced Users” on page 223. 10 Click Finish, and click OK to save your configuration and close the virtual machine settings editor. 11 Repeat these steps for the client virtual machine. Special Configuration Options for Advanced Users Two special configuration options are available for serial connections between a virtual machine and the host or between two virtual machines.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide This option is useful if you want to squeeze every possible bit of speed from your serial connection over a pipe to the virtual machine. In principle, there is no limit on the output speed — the speed at which the virtual machine sends data through the virtual serial port. In practice, the output speed depends on how fast the application at the other end of the pipe reads data inbound to it. is the number of the serial port, starting from 0.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices To prepare the target virtual machine, follow the steps in “Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine” on page 220.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide box. The kernel in the target virtual machine uses the virtual serial port in polled mode, not interrupt mode. To prepare the debugger virtual machine, make sure you have downloaded Debugging Tools for Windows. Follow the steps for the client virtual machine in “Connecting Two Virtual Machines” on page 221. When you are ready to continue, complete the following steps: 1 Power on both virtual machines. 2 Check to make sure the serial port is connected.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices If you are using an XFree86‐based server that VMware Server does not recognize as an XFree86 server, enter the following line instead: xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = true If you are using an XFree86 server running locally, and the keyboard does not work correctly, report the problem by submitting a support request at www.vmware.com/requestsupport. Keyboard Mapping Support for the PC Key code mapping is simple, automatic, and foolproof.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide These configuration lines can be added to the individual virtual machine configuration, to your personal VMware Server configuration (~/.vmware/config), or even to the host‐wide (/etc/vmware/config) or installation‐wide (usually /usr/local/lib/vmware/config) configuration. When key code mapping cannot be used (or is disabled), VMware Server maps keysyms to v‐scan codes.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices configuration lines of the form = where is an X keysym name, and is a C‐syntax hexadecimal number (for example, 0x001). (See the explanation of xkeymap.keysym above for tips on finding the keysyms and v‐scan codes for your keyboard.) Compiling a complete keysym mapping is difficult. It is best to start with an existing table and make small changes. V-Scan Code Table These are the v‐scan codes for the 104‐key U.S. keyboard: Table 8-1.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Table 8-1. Symbol Shifted symbol Location O 0x018 P 0x019 [ { 0x01a ] } 0x01b Enter 0x01c Ctrl left 0x01d A 0x01e S 0x01f D 0x020 F 0x021 G 0x022 H 0x023 J 0x024 K 0x025 L 0x026 ; 0x027 ʹ 0x028 ` 0x029 Shift \ left | 0x02a 0x02b Z 0x02c X 0x02d C 0x02e V 0x02f B 0x030 N 0x031 M , 230 V-scan code 0x032 < 0x033 . > 0x034 / ? 0x035 Shift right 0x036 * numeric pad 0x037 Alt left 0x038 VMware, Inc.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices Table 8-1.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Table 8-1.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices ! “Using USB with a Windows Host” on page 235 ! “Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host” on page 235 ! “Using USB with a Linux Host” on page 235 ! “USB Device Control” on page 236 ! “Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine” on page 237 ! “This is particularly important with data storage devices (a Zip drive, for example).
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide following steps with the virtual machine powered off. Use the VMware Server Console to add the device. Adding a USB Controller from the Console 1 Open the virtual machine settings editor. Choose VM > Settings. 2 Click Add to start the New Hardware Wizard. Click Next. The Hardware Type screen appears. 3 Select USB Controller, and click Next. The USB screen appears.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices Using USB with a Windows Host When a particular USB device is connected to a virtual machine for the first time, the host detects it as a new device named VMware USB Device and installs the appropriate VMware driver. On a Windows Server 2003 host, User confirmation is required in the Found New Hardware Wizard. Select the default action — Install the software automatically.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide file system, you can change it in the virtual machine settings editor (VM > Settings > USB). Enter the correct path in the Path to usbdevfs field. USB Device Control Only one computer, host or guest, can have control of a USB device at any one time. Device Control on a Windows Host When you connect a device to a virtual machine, it is “unplugged” from the host or from the virtual machine that previously had control of the device.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices A related issue sometimes affects devices that rely on automatic connection (as PDAs often do). If you have successfully used autoconnection to connect the device to your virtual machine, and later experience problems with the connection to the device, complete the following steps: 1 Disconnect and reconnect the device. You can either unplug it physically, and plug it back in, or use the VM > Removable Devices menu to disconnect it and reconnect it.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide direct access to SCSI devices connected to the host, such as scanners, tape drives, and tape changers. Device Support in Guest Operating Systems In theory, generic SCSI is completely device independent, but VMware has discovered it is sensitive to the guest operating system, device class, and specific SCSI hardware. We encourage you to try any SCSI hardware you want to use and report problems to VMware technical support.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices Preparing a Windows Me, Windows 98, or Windows 95 Guest OS to Use SCSI Devices If you are using generic SCSI devices in a Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows Me guest operating system and are experiencing problems with the devices, download the latest Mylex (BusLogic) BT/KT‐958 compatible host bus adapter from www.lsilogic.com. This driver overrides what Windows chooses as the best driver, but it corrects known problems.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide NOTE On a Windows host, the device should appear in the form CdRom0, Scanner0, Tape0 or Changer0. If you do not see a listing for the device, you might need to add the device to the virtual machine manually. See “Generic SCSI on a Windows Host Operating System” on page 240. 6 Click Finish to install the new device. 7 Click OK to save the configuration and close the virtual machine settings editor.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices CAUTION Before you add the device, you must disable the original SCSI device driver on the host. Some Windows operating systems do not process the send command from the adapter if the device driver is owning the device. There are a few circumstances that require you to add the device manually. Follow the steps that match your circumstance. In each case, power off the virtual machine and open the virtual machine’s configuration file (.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide You need to locate a line in the configuration file that looks like: scsiZ:Y.fileName = "" Change the line to: scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y" Define X, Y and Z as follows: ! X is the SCSI bus the device uses on the host system. ! Y is the target ID the device uses in the virtual machine and on the host. Use the same target ID in the virtual machine that the host already uses for the device to allow the device to work correctly.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices NOTE The SCSI bus is assigned a number by the host operating system after all IDE buses have been assigned numbers. For example, if you have 2 IDE buses, they are numbered 0 and 1. The first SCSI bus is assigned bus number 2. In the example above, you use 2 for X. If you cannot determine the SCSI bus number on your own, you can try using a third‐ party tool like winobj (which you can download for free from www.sysinternals.com) to determine this information.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide use the same device in both host and guest. This can cause unexpected behavior and may cause loss or corruption of data. Permissions on a Generic SCSI Device You must have read and write permissions on a given generic SCSI device to use the device within a virtual machine, even if the device is a read‐only device such as a CD‐ROM drive. These devices typically default to root‐only permissions.
Chapter 8 Configuring Devices NOTE The summary view also displays the number of virtual processors currently configured for the virtual machine. You can also set the number of virtual processors when you create a virtual machine using the New Virtual Machine Wizard. You must choose a custom configuration. The option to set the number of virtual processors is not available in a typical configuration. For more information, see “Setting Up a New Virtual Machine” on page 25.
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C HAPTER 9 Video and Sound This chapter provides information on configuring the video display and sound for VMware Server and covers the following topics: ! “Setting Screen Color Depth in a Virtual Machine” on page 247 ! “Using Full Screen Mode on a Linux Host” on page 248 ! “Configuring Sound” on page 249 Setting Screen Color Depth in a Virtual Machine The number of screen colors available in the guest operating system depends on the screen color setting of the host operating system.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! “Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host” on page 248 ! “Changing Screen Color Depth in the Virtual Machine” on page 248 Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host To change the color settings on your host operating system, first shut down all guest operating systems, power off the virtual machines, and close the console. Follow standard procedures for changing the color settings on your host operating system, and restart the console and the virtual machines.
Chapter 9 Video and Sound If this happens, immediately leave full screen mode by pressing Ctrl‐Alt, then fix your X server configuration and restart the X server. However, if the only problem is that the image is off center or is not quite the right size on the monitor, you can usually correct it using the controls on your monitor.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Creative Labs has a number of Web sites serving various regions of the world. The adapter name varies, depending on the region, but usually includes PCI 128. 250 VMware, Inc.
Performance Tuning for Virtual Machines C HAPTER 10 This chapter describes options for getting the best performance from VMware Server and your virtual machines and covers the following topics: ! “Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine” on page 251 ! “Improving Performance for Guest Operating Systems” on page 253 Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine VMware Server allows you to allocate a portion of the VMware Server host memory to each virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide ! The total amount of host memory that all running virtual machines can use; for more information, see “Specifying How Much RAM is Used by All Running Virtual Machines”. ! The file system where the virtual machine is stored. You cannot allocate more than 2000MB of memory to a virtual machine if it is stored on a file system that cannot support files larger than 2GB, such as FAT16. You will not be able to power on such a virtual machine.
Chapter 10 Performance Tuning for Virtual Machines Improving Performance for Guest Operating Systems The tips in this section help you make adjustments to improve performance for particular guest operating systems running inside a virtual machine.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Visual Effects The fade effects that Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 use when displaying menus can be somewhat slow and make the virtual machine seem less responsive. To disable the fade effects, right‐click the guest operating system desktop, then choose Properties > Appearance > Effects (on Windows XP or Windows Server 2003) or Properties > Effects (on Windows 2000) and deselect the Use transition effects for menus and tool tips check box.
Chapter 10 Performance Tuning for Virtual Machines performance for some functions. Install VMware Tools by choosing VM > Install VMware Tools. DMA Mode for IDE Disks Windows 95 OSR2 and higher (including Windows 98) can use direct memory access (DMA) for faster IDE hard disk access. However, DMA might not be enabled by default. You can turn on DMA access using the guest operating system’s Device Manager. 1 Right‐click My Computer and choose Properties from the pop‐up menu.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Also, if Show window contents while dragging is checked, try deselecting that check box. Linux Guest Operating System Performance Tips This section offers advice for configuring a Linux guest operating system for better performance inside a VMware Server virtual machine. NOTE This document pertains to the guest operating system that is running inside a VMware Server virtual machine.
Glossary Add Hardware Wizard A point‐and‐click interface for adding virtual hardware to a virtual machine. To launch the Wizard, power off the virtual machine, open the virtual machine settings editor, then click Add. It prompts you for information for configuring the hardware, suggesting default values in most cases. See also Virtual machine settings editor. Bridged networking A type of network connection between a virtual machine and the rest of the world.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide EULA The end user license agreement. Existing partition A partition on a physical disk in the host machine. See also Physical disk. Full screen mode A display mode in which the virtual machine’s display fills the entire screen. See also Quick switch mode. Growable disk A type of virtual disk where the disk space is not preallocated to its full size. Its files start out small in size and grow as data is written to it.
Glossary Host operating system An operating system that runs on the host machine. See also Guest operating system. Independent disk An independent disk is a type of virtual disk that is not affected by snapshots. Independent disks can be configured in persistent and nonpersistent modes. See also Nonpersistent mode, Persistent mode. Inventory A list in the left panel of the console window that shows the names of virtual machines that a user has added to the list.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Nonpersistent mode A mode in which all disk writes issued by software running inside a virtual machine with a disk in nonpersistent mode appear to be written to disk but are in fact discarded after the virtual machine is powered off. If you configure a virtual disk or physical disk as an independent disk in nonpersistent mode, the disk is not modified by VMware Server.
Glossary Redo log The file that stores the changes made to a disk in independent‐nonpersistent mode. The redo‐log file is deleted when you power off or reset the virtual machine without writing any changes to the disk. Resume Return a virtual machine to operation from its suspended state. When you resume a suspended virtual machine, all applications are in the same state they were when the virtual machine was suspended. See also Suspend.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide drives. See also Shrink. Virtual disk A virtual disk is a file or set of files that appears as a physical disk drive to a guest operating system. These files can be on the host machine or on a remote file system. When you configure a virtual machine with a virtual disk, you can install a new operating system into the disk file without needing to repartition a physical disk or reboot the host. Virtual disks can be preallocated or growable.
Glossary Virtual Network Editor A point‐and‐click editor used to view and modify the networking settings for the virtual networks created by VMware Server. You launch by choosing Host > Virtual Network Settings. Virtual SMP Symmetric multiprocessing enables you to assign two virtual processors to a virtual machine on any host machine that has at least two logical processors. VMware Authorization Service The service VMware Server employs to authenticate users.
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide VMware Server Console An interface to a virtual machine that provides access to one or more virtual machines on the local host or a remote host running VMware Server. You can view the virtual machine’s display to run programs within it or modify guest operating system settings. In addition, you can change the virtual machine’s configuration, install the guest operating system or run the virtual machine in full screen mode. 198 VMware, Inc.
Index Symbols .bmp 81 .dsk 26 .log 25 .png 81 .REDO 26 .vmdk 25, 122 .vmsn 26 .vmss 26 .
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide virtual Ethernet adapter 162 CD adding drive to virtual machine 137 virtual network 153, 155, 159, 162 CD-ROM image file 13 virtual network subnet settings 167 legacy emulation 87 Change See Configure Chip set in a virtual machine 12 Color screen colors in a virtual machine 247 Commands keyboard shortcuts 106 on the command line 105 Compress See Shrink Configuration, virtual machine 262 Configure automatic bridging 165 devices in virtual machine 103 VMware Tools 56
Index virtual 120, 262 DHCP virtual disk files 25 assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 172 changing settings 167 configuring on a Linux host 173 configuring on a Windows host 173 virtual disk size in new virtual machine 28 Display DHCP server 155 color depth 247 on a virtual network with NAT 191 fitting virtual machine to window 97 server on virtual network 157–158 fitting window to virtual machine 97 troubleshooting on a Linux host 178 dhcpd 178 Dial-up connection 175 Direct memory acces
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Expand virtual machine screen size 97 avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 243 F on a Linux host 243 Fault tolerance 165 Files on a Windows host 240 permissions 244 BIOS in virtual machine 25 virtual machine devices 237 location of virtual disk files 29 Windows NT driver 238 log 25 redo log 26 Samba and file sharing on a Linux host 201 snapshot 26 Windows Server 2003 driver 238 Graphics support in virtual machine 13, 247 Growable disk 120 Guest operating
Index I Keysym ICMP 192 IDE mapping 228 Knowledge base 20 drives in virtual machine 13 See Disks virtual disk 35 Image file floppy 13 ISO 13, 137 Independent disks 121 Install guest operating system 37 guest operating system on physical disk 146 L Launch virtual machine 82, 84 Leak IP packets in a virtual machine 175 IP packets in host-only network 174 Legacy emulation 87 Legacy virtual machine 86 defined 259 Linux keyboard mapping 226 supported guest operating systems 16 log 24 silent 48 software in
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Memory allocating to virtual machine 32 amount required on host 5 available in virtual machine 13 setting size 251 virtual machine memory size 251 Migrate, upgrading virtual disks 45 Mode NetWare See Novell NetWare Network adding and modifying virtual Ethernet adapters 162 automatic bridging 165 bridge 154 bridged networking 257 full screen 95, 258 changing DHCP settings 167 nonpersistent compared to snapshot 117 changing subnet settings 167 persistent compared to
Index packet filtering 175 Novell NetWare promiscuous mode on a Linux host 189 VMware Tools for 53 Novell NetWare, supported guest operating systems 19 nvram 25, 99 routing between two host-only networks 185 routing on a Linux host 177 Samba 201 second bridged network on a Linux host 179 O Operating system guest 258 specifying in virtual machine 33 host 259 switch 153 installing guest 37 teamed NICs 166–167, 180 supported guest 15 Token Ring 157, 159 supported Windows host 6 troubleshooting D
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide Windows 2000 guest 253 Windows 95 and Windows 98 guests 254 Permissions and running virtual machines 26 Persistent mode, compared to snapshot 117 Physical disk adding 134 defined 260 installing guest operating system on 146 using in a virtual machine 121 Ping 192 Power buttons for a virtual machine 78 Preallocated disk 120 Preallocated disk, defined 260 Private virtual machines 26 Processor host requirement 4 Processor, provided in virtual machine 12 Promiscuous mode 189
Index full screen 95 quick switch 95 Screen shot, capturing 81 Scripts running during power state changes 55 VMware Tools and 58, 61 SCSI X on a Linux host 248 Set up automatic bridging 165 DHCP on Linux host 173 DHCP on Windows host 173 DHCP settings 167 adding a generic SCSI device 239 display resolution on a Linux host 248 avoiding concurrent access on a Linux host 243 generic SCSI device 237, 239 connecting to generic SCSI device 237 devices in virtual machine 13 driver for Windows NT guest 238 d
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide virtual machine window 97 smb.
Index guest 236 current 86 devices in a virtual machine 232 defined 262 disconnecting devices 237 installing software in 101 enabling and disabling the controller 233 legacy 86 keyboard and mouse 237 on a Linux host 235 moving between VMware products 86 on a Windows host 235 platform specifications 12 supported device types 233 power buttons 78 virtual machine ports 14 User groups 20 User interface 75 log 22 powering off when host shuts down 92 powering on when host starts up 92 private 26
VMware Server Virtual Machine Guide executing commands on halt or reboot 70 defined 263 VMware Management Interface passing information between the guest and a VMware Scripting API script 73 changing virtual machine power state 90 defined 263 passing strings from the host 70 log 23 VMware Registration Service defined 263 log 23 VMware Server Console 264 connecting from Linux host or client 84 connecting from management interface 85 connecting from Windows host or client 82 log 22 VMware Server host po
Index sound driver 249 Windows XP, SCSI driver for guest 238 Windows, supported guest operating systems 15 Wireless network 156 Wizard add hardware 257 new virtual machine 27, 123, 259 X X server and keyboard mapping 227 configuring 248 required on Linux client 11 required on Linux host 9 XFree86 and keyboard mapping 227 configuring 248 required on Linux client 11 required on Linux host 9 Z Zip drives on a parallel port 216 VMware, Inc.
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