Full Product Manual
Table Of Contents
- Low-Volume Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
- FOREWORD
- CONTENTS
- 1 WHAT IS XERIGATION®?
- 2 THE DESIGN PROCESS
- 3 GATHER SITE DATA
- LOW-VOLUME DESIGN WORKSHEET: DENSE HYDROZONE
- Calculating Water Requirements
- BASE PLANTS IN DENSE HYDROZONES
- TABLE 3-1: MINIMUM FILTRATION REQUIREMENTS
- TABLE 3-2: DETERMINING THE SOIL TYPE
- TABLE 3-3: SOIL INFILTRATION AND WETTING PATTERN
- TABLE 3-4: PET RATES BASED ON CLIMATE
- Hydrozones
- Chapter 3 Review
- Figure 3-3: Sample Plot Plan—Doyle Residence
- Figure 3-4: Sample Site Data Worksheet—Doyle Residence
- Answer Key
- 4 DETERMINE PLANT WATER REQUIREMENTS
- Figure 4-1: Dense Hydrozone Design Worksheet
- Calculating Water Requirements
- TABLE 4-1: BASE PLANTS IN DENSE HYDROZONES
- Calculate K c
- TABLE 4-2: ESTIMATED SPECIES FACTORS
- TABLE 4-3: ESTIMATED DENSITY FACTORS
- TABLE 4-4: ESTIMATED MICROCLIMATE FACTORS
- Calculate Water Require-ment for Dense Plantings
- Calculate Water Requirement for Individual Plants in a Sparse Hydrozone
- Area of Plant Canopy
- Application Efficiency
- Water Requirement (GPD)
- Chapter 4 Review
- Answer Key
- 5 IRRIGATE BASE PLANTS
- Identifying the Base Plant
- Emission Devices
- Labor Cost Considerations
- TABLE 5-1: XERIGATION EMISSION DEVICE APPLICATION MATRIX
- Dense Plantings
- TABLE 5-2: LANDSCAPE DRIPLINE CHOICES
- TABLE 5-3: LANDSCAPE DRIPLINE SPACINGS AND FLOW RATES
- LATERAL LINE SPACING WORKSHEET
- Figure 5-3: Equal Lateral Line Spacing
- Landscape Dripline: A More Technical Approach
- TABLE 5-4: MINIMUM RECOMMENDED WATERING DEPTHS
- Emitter Spacing Versus Watering Depth
- TABLE 5-5: MAXIMUM EMISSION DEVICE SPACING (INCHES)
- TABLE 5-6: RECOMMENDED EMITTER SPACING
- Xeri-Sprays™
- Sparse Plantings
- Selecting Emitters
- TABLE 5-7: EMISSION DEVICE SELECTION
- Recommended Emitter Placement
- Calculating the Wetted Area
- TABLE 5-8: AREA WETTED BY EACH EMITTER (SQ. FT.)
- Chapter Review
- Answer Key
- 6 CALCULATE SYSTEM RUN TIME
- Calculate System Run Time
- Dense Plantings
- TABLE 6-1: EMITTER DISCHARGE RATES (EDR) FOR LANDSCAPE DRIPLINE IN INCHES PER HOUR*
- Sparse Planting
- 2.Determine Maximum Run Time
- TABLE 6-2: MAXIMUM SYSTEM RUN TIMES FOR COARSE SOIL
- TABLE 6-3: MAXIMUM SYSTEM RUN TIME FOR MEDIUM SOIL
- TABLE 6-4: MAXIMUM SYSTEM RUN TIME FOR FINE SOIL
- 3.Determine Irrigation Interval
- Chapter Review
- Answer Key
- 7 IRRIGATE NON-BASE PLANTS
- 8 SYSTEM LAYOUT
- Figure 8-1: Correct placement of emitters
- Figure 8-2: Emitter layout options
- Figure 8-3: Layout using poly drip tubing (Xeri-Tube 700)
- Figure 8-4: Layout using rigid PVC
- Using Inline Tubing
- Placing Supplemental Emitters
- Figure 8-5: Placement of supplemental emitters for shrubs or trees: top view
- Figure 8-6: Placement of supplemental emitters for shrubs or trees: section view
- System Configuration
- TABLE 8-1: SPACING OF STAKES AND STAPLES
- Figure 8-7: Landscape Dripline system configuration
- Irrigating Slopes
- Figure 8-8: Correct emitter placement on slope
- Figure 8-9: Correct placement of lateral pipe on slope
- Figure 8-10: Placement of Landscape Dripline on a slope
- Container Plants
- Figure 8-11: Micro-bubbler in a container plant
- Figure 8-12: Multiple emitters in a container plant
- Figure 8-13: Xeri-Bug emitter in a hanging basket
- 9 SYSTEM HYDRAULICS
- Water Pressure
- Figure 9-1: Determining static pressure based on elevation
- Calculating Pressure Loss
- Figure 9-2: Total flow worksheet
- Figure 9-3: Completed total flow worksheet
- Figure 9-4: Flow rate worksheet
- TABLE 9-1: MAXIMUM FLOW RATES
- Determine Maximum Lateral Lengths
- TABLE 9-2: MAXIMUM LATERAL LENGTHS
- TABLE 9-3: MAXIMUM LATERAL LENGTH XT-700
- Pressure Loss Calculation
- TABLE 9-4: MINIMUM/MAXIMUM FLOWS FOR PROPER VALVE PERFORMANCE
- TABLE 9-5: MINIMUM FLOW REQUIREMENT FOR PROPER VALVE PERFORMANCE*
- TABLE 9-6: FRICTION LOSS CHARACTERISTICS OF XERI-TUBE 700
- High Pressure
- Maximum Inlet Pressure
- TABLE 9-7: RAIN BIRD PRESSURE REGULATORS
- Hydraulics Worksheet
- 10 INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
- A FORMULAS FOR XERIGATION DESIGN
- B PET DATA
- C FRICTION LOSS AND PERFORMANCE DATA
- D XERIGATION PLANNING FORMS
- E GLOSSARY
- F XERIGATION PRODUCT LINE
- INSTALLATION DETAILS
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- INDEX
- Contact Information
Determine Plant Water Requirements Page 23
Microclimate Factor
A microclimate is a sub-climate. Even small residential sites will have areas with
entirely different climatic conditions. For example, areas in direct sunlight versus
areas in the shade. The two areas may have identical plantings but the water
requirements of the plants will be very different. Ideally, each microclimate
would be zoned separately. However, when this is not practical, drip irrigation is
flexible enough to meet the needs of these special conditions.
EXAMPLE
Assume that you have a hydrozone that contains only sparsely planted shrubs.
Locate the row labeled “Shrubs,” and read across to the “Low” column. You’ll
find that the density factor for this plant is 0.5. “Low” would be entered in the
top half of the “density factor” box on your worksheet and “0.5” would be
entered in the bottom half of the box.
A less obvious example of different microclimates might be areas close to a house
or a driveway, where reflective heat will change the water requirements com-
pared to an area surrounded by turf. In fact, experiments have shown that
plantings surrounded by pavement may have a PET as much as fifty percent
higher than the same types of plants in a park setting.
For each plant in the hydrozone, record on your worksheet an estimate of the
microclimate: low, average, or high, based on the water adjustment the area will
require. A “low” microclimate will require less water, and a “high” microclimate
will require more water. Record your estimate in the top portion of the “microcli-
mate factor” box. Later, you can assign a value to the microclimate factor, using
Table 4-4 as a guideline.
EXAMPLE
Assume that you have a hydrozone planted with shrubs only. This hydrozone
is adjacent to the street, and it is surrounded by cement walkways. Therefore,
you estimate the microclimate factor as high. If you locate the “Shrubs” row in
Table 4-4 and read across to the “High” column, you’ll find that the microcli-
mate factor for this plant is 1.3. “High” would be entered in the top half of the
“microclimate factor” box and “1.3” would be entered in the bottom half of the
box on your worksheet.
TABLE 4-4: ESTIMATED MICROCLIMATE FACTORS
Plant Type Low Average High
Trees 0.5 1.0 1.4
Shrubs 0.5 1.0 1.3
Ground covers 0.5 1.0 1.2
Mixed trees, shrubs, ground cover 0.5 1.0 1.4
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