Comtech EF Data is an AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Installation and Operation Manual IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously published information regarding this product. Product specifications are subject to change without prior notice.
Comtech EF Data is an AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Installation and Operation Manual Part Number MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 Copyright © 2011 Comtech EF Data. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Comtech EF Data, 2114 West 7th Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281 USA, 480.333.2200, FAX: 480.333.
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Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1–1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 1–1 1.2 DMD1050 Configurations .................................................................................................................... 1–2 1.2.1 Features/Options Installed at Time of Order .........
Table of Contents DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.3.5 3.3.6 Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 Connecting the Terminal .......................................................................................................................... 3–7 Terminal Screens ...................................................................................................................................... 3–8 3.4 Modem Remote Communications (RLLP).................................................................................
Table of Contents DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 CHAPTER 4. REAR PANEL INTERFACE ............................................................................. 4–1 4.1 DMD1050 Connections ....................................................................................................................... 4–1 4.2 Compact Flash (J9) .............................................................................................................................. 4–5 4.
Table of Contents DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 6.10 DMD1050 BER Specifications .............................................................................................................. 6–6 6.10.1 BER Performance (Viterbi) ................................................................................................................... 6–6 6.10.2 BER Performance (Sequential) ........................................................................................................
Table of Contents DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 APPENDIX C. TCP/IP ETHERNET SETUP ........................................................................... C–1 C.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... C–1 C.2 TCP/IP Network Configuration ............................................................................................................ C–1 C.
Table of Contents DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.8.1 F.8.2 F.8.3 F.8.4 F.8.5 F.8.6 F.8.7 F.8.8 F.8.9 Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 Normal QOS ............................................................................................................................................. F–9 Port Based QOS ........................................................................................................................................ F–9 Fair Weighted Queuing ..................................................
PREFACE About this Manual This manual describes the installation and operation of the DMD1050. Conventions and References Trademarks Product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies and are hereby acknowledged.
DMD1050 Preface Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 Warranty Policy Comtech EF Data products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, Comtech EF Data will, at its option, repair or replace products that prove to be defective. Repairs are warranted for the remainder of the original two year warranty, or a 90 day extended warranty, whichever is longer.
DMD1050 Preface Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 Exclusive Remedies Comtech EF Data Corporation’s warranty, as stated is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed, implied, or statutory, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
DMD1050 Preface Revision 9 MN-DMD1050 Customer Support Support Business Hours - Monday through Friday - 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Chapter 1. Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the DMD1050 Satellite Board Modem, which is designed for satellite IP, telecom, video and internet applications. 1.1 Overview • • • • Duplex L-Band modem MIL-STD-188-165A standards IDR, IBS and DVB Data rates up to 20 Mbps Figure 1-1.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Introduction The DMD1050's impressive remote accessibility rivals all others in the field. Remote control via RLLP (Radyne Link Level Protocol), Ethernet 10 Base-T SNMP and Web Browser includes control of all the modem's features plus software maintenance. The unit presents monitor and control functions on the screen. Additional options and configuration (such as Monitor and Control (M&C) Functions) can be activated in seconds via the Web Browser.
Chapter 2. Installation This section provides instructions on unpacking and installation, as well as storage of the unit. 2.1 Installation Requirements Installation of the DMD1050 Modem Board requires adequate planning by the user to ensure no damage will occur to the unit. Package design considerations for the modem board include mounting, temperature limits, adequate ventilation, limited vibration, no exposure to condensation/ moisture and a stable power source.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 2.2 Installation Unpacking The DMD1050 Universal Satellite Modem was carefully packaged to avoid damage and should arrive complete with the following items for proper installation: • • 2.3 DMD1050 Modem Board Installation and Operation Manual Removal and Assembly The DMD1050 Modem Unit is shipped fully assembled. CAUTION Make sure to obey proper ESD practices to avoid damaging the unit. Carefully unpack the unit and ensure that all of the above items are in the carton.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Installation 2.5.1 Standard DMD1050 Factory Configuration Settings IMPORTANT Implementing Strap Code 26 can set the following modem configuration. Refer to Table 4-4 for an explanation and tabular listing of available Strap Codes. The Frequency and Modulator Output Power are set independently of the strap code. Modulator: Data Rate: Mode: Satellite Framing: Scrambler: Inner FEC: Outer FEC: Modulation: 2.048 Mbps Closed Network None V.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 2.6 Installation Modulator Checkout The following descriptions assume that the DMD1050 is installed in a suitable location with clean, stable DC power. Make sure that DC spikes are not present during initial power up. 2.6.1 Initial Power-Up Make sure that the modem’s input DC power is clean, stable and free of spikes. If the input DC power is of poor quality, it will damage the unit .
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Installation 2.6.3 M&C Terminal Setup The initial field checkout of the modem can also be accomplished from the Terminal Mode. The Terminal Mode has the advantage of providing full screen access to the modem’s parameters, but requires a separate terminal or computer running a Terminal Program such as Hyper-terminal and connection to the applicable pins on the M&C connector J1.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 2.7 Installation Storage It is recommended that the unit be stored in its original sealed packing. The unit should be stored in a dry location where the temperature is stable, away from direct contact with rain, snow, wind, sun, or anything that may cause damage.
Chapter 3. Theory of Operation 3.1 DMD1050 Hardware The DMD1050 is based on a two printed circuit card design. The standard configuration consists of an L-Band Assembly and a Digital Baseband Assembly. This configuration includes built in Data interfaces and a number of different software upgrade options. A block diagram of the DMD1050E is shown in Figure 3-1. L-Band IF Card Cable Digital Baseband Card ( Interface & Turbo ) Figure 3-1.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.1.1 DMD1050 L-Band Printed Circuit Card The L-Band/IF Printed Circuit Card consists of an analog modulation function, an analog complex down conversion, and two wide-band digital synthesizers. The block diagram of the LBand Assembly is shown in Figure 3-2. Analog I LPF PDA Analog I Inv. Quadrature Modulator LPF Analog Q IF Board Connector (40-Pin Header) Analog Q Inv.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation FPGA. There is no limit to the number of digital logic configurations available to the FPGA, aside from the amount of Flash memory available to the system microprocessor for storage of configuration files.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation The Baseband Printed Circuit Card also contains the Monitor and Control (M&C) Circuitry responsible for: � � � � � � � � Programmable part setup and initialization Continuous control and adjustment of some functions Calibration Monitoring fault status Calculating and displaying measurements Calculations User monitor and control interface including front panel and remote Unit’s configuration and feature set The M&C System is based on a powerful microproce
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation DMD1050 Universal Satellite Modem Digital Baseband Processor Sync Data I/O Ethernet Data Interface Terrestrial Phy Tx DSP Rx DSP 2 x 10 -6 Reference 1 x 10 8 Ref. (Opt.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation processes this information and generates status indications as well as alarms when necessary. Detailed status information is available via the modems various user interfaces including the remote and terminal ports. An external summary fault is available on the RS422 Data interface The M&C contains a high-performance microprocessor and is responsible for overall command and control of modem functions.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation option is displayed, press the ‘Enter’ key to select that option. The other possible input type requires a numerical input (such as entering a frequency or data rate. This type of input is followed by pressing the ‘Enter’ or carriage return key. An input can be aborted at any time by pressing the ‘ESC’ key. Invalid input keys cause an error message to be displayed on the terminal.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 1 stop bit 3.3.6 Terminal Screens Refer to the Remote Protocol Manual (TM117) for the terminal screens. IMPORTANT 3.4 Modem Remote Communications (RLLP) The Remote Port located on J1 allows for control and monitoring of parameters and functions via an RS-232 Serial Interface, or RS-485 for RLLP Protocol. ‘Equipment Remote Mode’ setup can be entered from the Web Browser interface under the “System” menu.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation Connect an Ethernet cable between the unit and a computer that has web browser capability. Access the browser and enter the default web address for the unit. Refer to Section 4 for a complete description of the GUI Interface operation and parameters. Refer to Appendix C and Appendix D for proper setup of the TCP-IP interface and Web Browser Setup. 3.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.7.1.1 Configuring the Modem to use the Ethernet Data Interface When the optional Ethernet Data Interface Card is selected, all of the Ethernet related menus can be used to control the interface as follows: Setup the TX Interface Menu to: (refer to Section 7.3.4.3 Figure 7-16 for Interface/TX Setup) Set the Terrestrial Interface to Ethernet.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation The interface sends out another pause frame with the pause time set to zero as soon as free buffer space becomes available. 3.7.1.5 Ethernet Daisy Chain When disabled, Port 2 on the Ethernet Data Interface operates normally. Data received on Port 2 that is not addressed to other equipment on the LAN side, is transmitted over the satellite.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.7.1.8 Setting Up The DMD1050 Ethernet Bridge To Operate Like A FIFO In certain circumstances, it may be desirable to have the Ethernet interface operate in a FIFO like manner with no reordering of packets. This can be established by using a single port on the Ethernet interface and setting the Ethernet QOS Type to Port Based and the Ethernet QOS Queue to Strict Priority.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.7.1.9 Theory of Operation Packet Statistics The following statistics are available under the Monitor Menu when the Ethernet Data Interface is selected. Total Packets: This Counter displays the total number of Ethernet packets received from the satellite. Error Packets: This counter displays the total number of Ethernet packets received from the satellite that had errors. Packet Error Rate: This displays the Ethernet Packet Error Rate (PER) from the satellite.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.9 Theory of Operation Loopback Features (Terrestrial & IF) The modem provides for a number of different loopbacks. The Loopback supported are: � � IF Loopback – Tx IF port is looped back to the Rx IF port TX Terrestrial Loopback - Tx Data port is looped back to the Rx Data port after the interface driver/receiver. (prior to the framing unit) � TX Baseband Loopback - Tx Data port is looped back to the Rx Data port after the interface driver/receiver.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation Figure 3-6.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation Figure 3-7. Loopback Functional Block Diagram Figure 3-8.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.10 Theory of Operation DMD1050 Clocking Options The DMD1050 supports a number of different clocking options that can be recovered from the satellite or the terrestrial links. The various clocking options allow users to determine which clock will best fit their applications. Figure 3-9 gives an overview on how the modem processes the various clocks for the Tx Clock source and the Rx Buffer Clock source. Tx and Rx Clocks may be independently locked.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation The following paragraphs define the types of clocking options available to the user at the Front Panel. � � � 3.10.1.1 SCT (Internal Oscillator) SCTE (External Tx Terrestrial Clock) Rx Satellite Clock SCTE: Serial Clock Transmit External The SCTE clock is the Transmit Terrestrial Clock associated with the data interface.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.10.2 RX Buffer Clock Options The DMD1050 supports a number of RX Buffer clock options that can be recovered from the satellite, terrestrial links or internally. The various clocking options allow users to determine which clock will best fit their applications. Figure 3-9 gives an overview on how the modem processes the various clocks for the Tx Clock and the Rx Buffer Clock. Tx and Rx Clocks may be independently locked.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.11 Theory of Operation Ethernet Data Interface The modem supports dual port 10/100 Base T Interface. When selected, the Tx Clock Source will default to SCTE and the Clock Polarity will default to Normal. In addition, the Buffer Clock will default to RxSat and the Buffer Clock Polarity will default to Normal. Refer to Appendix C for interface set up and supporting features. 3.12 Reed-Solomon Codec Refer to Figure 3-10, Figure 3-11 and Table 3-1.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.12.3 Interleaving The DMD1050 allows for interleaving depths of 4 or 8 R-S Blocks so that burst errors are spread over 4 or 8 R-S blocks to enhance the error correction of the R-S Codec. In Closed Network Mode, manually set the interleaver depth to 4 or 8. In DVB Network Mode, the DMD1050 sets the interleaver depth to 12 automatically. Figure 3-10. Reed-Solomon Encoder Functional Block Diagram Figure 3-11.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.13 Theory of Operation DMD1050 Automatic Uplink Power Control (AUPC Operation) The modem has an optional built-in provision for Automatic Uplink Power Control, AUPC. AUPC is useful when operating power levels are affected by environmental changes in the atmosphere. AUPC attempts to adjust local power output to maintain a constant Eb/No at the receiver location. The modem supports three versions of AUPC. They include Radyne AUPC, EF AUPC and Near Side AUPC.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.13.2 EF AUPC In this case, Target Eb/No indicates the local unit wants the remote unit to maintain a power level sufficient to provide the local Eb/No value. EF AUPC can be set to operate on either or both directions of a link but always require a bi directional channel. Enabling AUPC on one side of the link will activate AUPC on the distant end of the link.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation Table 3-2. Local AUPC Functions Function AUPC Available Options Description AUPC MODE DISABLE, NEARSIDE, RADYNE, EFDATA Enables/Disables the AUPC to function locally NOMINAL POWER 0 TO -25 dB Sets default output power to be used MINIMUM POWER 0 TO -25 dB Sets minimum output power to be used MAXIMIM POWER 0 TO -25 dB Sets maximum output power to be TARGET Eb/No 4.0 TO 16 dB Desired Eb/N0 of remote modem TRACKING RATE 6.0 to 0.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.14 Theory of Operation Asynchronous Overhead Operation (J1) This port is also dedicated for ES-ES Communications. The port may be configured for a number of Asyncrounous communications protocols. Protocol supported are Standard IBS ES-ES, Enhancd Asyncrouns and SCC. Overhead data to/from the UIM is routed to/from the framer/deframer. This port may be configured to support either RS-232 or RS-485 signal levels.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation Table 3-4. Pin Assignments Kbps Baud Rate Example for Standard IBS Kbps Baud Rate Example for Enhanced Mode 128 256 384 512 640 768 896 1024 1152 1280 1408 1536 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 576 640 704 768 9.6 19.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.15 Theory of Operation Standard IBS ES to ES Mode In the first or “Normal” mode, all bit assignments are per the IBS standard. The bits of Overhead Housekeeping byte 32 are implemented as shown in Table 3-5 below: Table 3-5. IBS Standard Bit 1 ES to ES Data Channel This bit is routed directly to the ES to ES Data Channel.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.16 Theory of Operation Enhanced Asynchronous Mode (Radyne Proprietary) Since many of the frame bits in the standard IBS mode are not used, an “Enhanced” Multiplexer Mode has been implemented that can be engaged under software control. Since this mode changes the use of many of the framed non-data bits, this mode is only usable when the DMD1050 is at both ends of a link.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.17.1 SCC Framing Structure Each SCC frame consists of the following: • • • A 10-bit synchronization pattern called the Synchronizing Word. Multiple variable length slots filled with user data. Multiple 10-bit control words that contains eight bits of in-band data (the extra two bits are for the async start/stop). The number of user data slots and control words per frame is selected by the SCC Control Ratio Parameter.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.17.2 Aggregate Data Rate The aggregate data rate equals the following: User Data Rate + In-Band Rate + Synchronizing Overhead Rate Because SCC must adjust the overhead so that there are an equal number of user data bits in each slot, the synchronizing overhead cannot be easily calculated. However, dividing the In-Band Rate by the Control Ratio can approximate it.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.17.3 Overhead Rate Comparison The SCC Overhead Ratio varies depending on the User Data Rate, the In-Band Rate, and the Control Ratio. This gives SCC the advantage of lower overhead rates when compared to IBS, which has a fixed overhead ratio of 16/15 or 1.067. The following table gives some examples of SCC overhead rates for different user data and control ratios.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.17.4 Actual Overhead Rate Calculation The following is the actual calculation the modem does to calculate the overhead ratio: 1. The modem calculates the minimum in-band rate to limit the size of the user data slots to 2,500 bits (the result is truncated to an integer). Minimum In-Band = (User Data Rate * Control Ratio)/((Control Ratio + 1) * 250) 2.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation 3.17.5 SCC Overhead Channel Setup 1. Set the Framing Mode (located under Mod and Demod Data Menus) to SCC. After doing this, two new menus will appear to the right of the Framing Menu, for both the Mod and Demod. The new menus will be: SCC CTL RATIO SCC INBAND RATE 2.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation SCC Overhead Chart Examples (Viterbi 3/4 w/V.35 Scrambler) Modem Data Rate Kbps SCC Control Channel Rate In-Band Overhead Rate Setting Symbol Rate MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 9.6 1/1 300 6800 9.6 1/2 300 6700 9.6 1/3 300 6667 9.6 1/4 300 6650 9.6 1/5 300 6641 9.6 1/6 300 6634 9.6 1/7 300 6629 9.6 1/1 9600 19200 9.6 1/2 9600 17067 9.6 1/3 9600 15543 9.6 1/4 9600 14400 9.6 1/5 9600 14400 9.6 1/6 9600 14400 9.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 3.18 Theory of Operation DMD1050 ID Codes (Feature Upgrades) The modem has unique ID codes that allow the user to add feature upgrades to the modem without the unit having to be returned to the factory. Users are required to identify these ID codes when they want additional features added to their unit. Comtech will supply a new ID code that is required to be entered in the ID code field. Once the new ID code is entered, the modem will activate the new features.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Theory of Operation Notes: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 3–36
Chapter 4. Rear Panel Interface This section discusses the electrical interfaces available from the rear panel. All locations are as viewed from the rear of the unit unless otherwise specified. 4.1 DMD1050 Connections All DMD1050 connections are made to labeled connectors located on the Modem Board. (refer to Figures 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4). The connector definitions below are those on the DMD1050 unit. Any connection interfacing to the DMD1050 must be the appropriate mating connector.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface J3 Pin 1 SMA OPT (F) TX L-BAND J9 Compact Flash Card SMA OPT (F) RX L-BAND J3 BUC & LNB INPUT POWER Figure 4-1. DMD1050 Front View U113 High Stability Oscillator J11 RJ45 Ethernet Data J10 RJ45 M&C J7 Pin 1 J8 SMA (F) EXT REF INPUT J7 INPUT POWER 24 V Figure 4-2.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface SMA OPT (F) RX L-BAND J9 Compact Flash Card J11 RJ45 Ethernet Data J10 RJ45 M&C J8 SMA FEMALE SMA OPT (F) TX L-BAND J7 INPUT POWER 2 Figure 4-3.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface J2 DATA INTERFACE MIL 188-114A J1 ASYNC & RLLP HW1 BATTERY J7 INPUT POWER J8 SMA FEMALE J10 RJ45 M&C 2 J11 RJ45 Ethernet Data Figure 4-4.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 4.2 Rear Panel Interface Compact Flash (J9) The compact flash slot is located on the right side as viewed from the rear of the unit. A 256 Mbit flash memory card stores all the modem M&C and operational data. It must be present when the modem is operating. 4.3 Power Input (J7) The Input DC Power for the modem board requires +21 to +24.5 Volts DC. Manufacturer part number for this connector is referenced in Appendix E. Refer to Table 4-1 for pin out descriptions.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface 4.4.4 ASYNC & Remote Port (J1) - 10 Pin Dual Row Header This port support both the Async and the Remote interfaces. The remote port can support RS485 or RS232. This port is a 10 pin dual row header. Manufacturer part number for this connector is referenced in Appendix E. Refer to Table 4-2 for pinouts. Table 4-2 ASYNC & Remote Ports (J1) Pin No.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface 4.4.4.1 Default/Shorting Plug (JP5 JP6) - 3 Pin Male Connector If user is experiencing difficulty accessing the Web Browser or the Terminal Interface, the user can reset the M&C interface settings by utilizing the supplied default plug (CNRSHUNT). By installing the default plug across pins 1 and 2 of JP5 & JP6 connector and cycling power, the interface default settings will be reset. Default jumper/shunts are supplied with the supplied connector kit.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface 4.4.5 TERMINAL - Factory use only 4.4.6 MIL-188-114A (J2) EIA-530 Port RS-422 See Appendix E for the manufacturer part number for this connector. Table 4-3. MIL-188-114A Port (RS-422) 26-Pin Dual Row Male Header (J2) Pin No.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface 4.4.7 ETHERNET M&C (J10) The Ethernet M&C Port is a 10 Base-T Interface. J10 can be used for the Monitor & Control (M&C) Functions of the unit. The physical interface is a standard female RJ-45 Connector. 4.5 Ethernet Data Interface (J11) The DMD1050 Ethernet Data Interface provides two RJ-45, Auto-Crossover and Auto-Sensing, 10/100 Ethernet Data Ports. Refer to Figures 4-3 for configurations. 4.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Rear Panel Interface Notes: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 4–10
Chapter 5. Maintenance and Troubleshooting CAUTION 5.1 The DMD1050 contains a Lithium Battery. DANGER OF EXPLOSION exists if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries in accordance with local and national regulations. Periodic Maintenance The DMD1050 does not require periodic maintenance. 5.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Maintenance and Troubleshooting 5.2.1 Alarm Faults 5.2.1.1 Major Tx Alarms Alarm Possible Cause FPGA CFG Shows a transmit FPGA hardware failure. DSP CFG SCT Clock PLL Shows a transmit FPGA failure. Shows that the Tx SCT Clock PLL is not locked. This alarm flashes during certain parameter changes. A steady display shows a problem in the modem configuration. Shows that the Tx Symbol Clock PLL is not locked. This alarm flashes during certain parameter changes.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Maintenance and Troubleshooting 5.2.1.4 Minor Rx Alarms Alarm Possible Cause BUFF UNDERFLOW Shows that a Doppler Buffer underflow has occurred. BUFF NEAR EMPTY BUFF NEAR FULL BUFF OVERFLOW RX DATA ACTIVITY Shows that the Doppler Buffer is about to underflow. Shows that the Doppler Buffer is about to overflow. Shows that a Doppler Buffer overflow has occurred. Shows that there is no Rx Data activity.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board � � Maintenance and Troubleshooting Active Alarms Common Equipment Alarms A feature exists that allows the user to ‘Mask’ out certain alarms as explained below. Alarms that are recorded in the event buffer are the same as the alarm buffer. Masking alarms may cause undesirable modem performance . CAUTION When an alarm is masked the Fault Relay do not get asserted, but the Alarm will still be displayed.
Chapter 6. Technical Specifications 6.1 Data Rates BPSK Uncoded 1/2 Rate BPSK 3/4 Rate BPSK 7/8 Rate BPSK QPSK Uncoded 1/2 Rate QPSK 3/4 Rate QPSK 7/8 Rate QPSK Rate 2/3 8PSK 3/4 Rate 16QAM 7/8 Rate 16QAM 6.2 4.8 Kbps to 10.0 Mbps 2.4 Kbps to 10.0 Mbps 3.6 Kbps to 10.0 Mbps 4.2 Kbps to 10.0 Mbps 9.6 Kbps to 10.0 Mbps 4.8 Kbps to 20.0 Mbps 7.2 Kbps to 20.0 Mbps 8.4 Kbps to 20.0 Mbps 9.6 Kbps to 20.0 Mbps 14.4 Kbps to 20.0 Mbps 16.84 Kbps to 20.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Internal Stability High Stability (optional) 6.3 Input Level Total Input Power FEC Decoder Options Descrambler Acquisition Range Reacquisition Range Sweep Delay Value BPSK, QPSK, and OQPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM L-Band Tuning Range 950 to 2050 MHz in 1 Hz Steps SMA, 50 Ohm, F-Type 75 Ohm (Optional) SMA, F-Type (Optional) SMA 2.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 6.9 Technical Specifications DMD2050 Data Rate Limits 6.9.1 Non-DVB Modulation Code Rate Min Data Rate Max Data Rate BPSK NONE 4800 10000000 BPSK VIT 1/2 2400 10000000 BPSK VIT 3/4 3600 10000000 BPSK VIT 7/8 4200 10000000 BPSK SEQ 1/2 2400 2048000 BPSK SEQ 3/4 3600 2048000 BPSK SEQ 7/8 4200 2048000 BPSK TPC 21/44 2400 4772727 BPSK TPC 3/4 4800 7500000 BPSK TPC 7/8 4800 8750000 BPSK TPC .495 2376 4950000 BPSK TPC .
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 6.9.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 188 Mode Modulation Code Rate Min Data Rate Max Data Rate BPSK VIT 1/2 2400 4607843 BPSK VIT 2/3 2950 6143790 BPSK VIT 3/4 3318 6911764 BPSK VIT 5/6 3687 7679738 BPSK VIT 7/8 3871 8063725 QPSK VIT 1/2 4424 9215686 QPSK VIT 2/3 5899 12287581 QPSK VIT 3/4 6636 13823529 QPSK VIT 5/6 7373 15359476 QPSK VIT 7/8 7742 16127450 8PSK TRE 2/3 8848 18431372 8PSK TRE 5/6 11059 20000000 8PSK TRE 8/9 11797 2000
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 6.10 Technical Specifications DMD1050 BER Specifications 6.10.1 BER Performance (Viterbi) 1E-1 B/O/QPSK Uncoded Theory 1E-2 Viterbi Decode Typical Performance 1E-3 1E-4 BE R 1E-5 1E-6 Specification 1/2 Rate 1E-7 Specification 3/4 Rate 1E-8 Specification 7/8 Rate 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb/No in dB Figure 6-1. B/O/QPSK BER Performance (Viterbi) Note: Eb/No values include the effect of using Differential Decoding and V.35 descrambling.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.2 BER Performance (Sequential) 1E-1 B/O/QPSK Uncoded Theory 1E-2 Sequentia Decode Typical Performance 1E-3 1E-4 BE R 1E-5 1E-6 Specification 1/2 Rate Specification 3/4 Rate 1E-7 Specification 7/8 Rate 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb/No in dB Figure 7-2. B/O/QPSK BER Performance (Sequential) Figure 6-2.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.3 BER Performance (Viterbi with Reed-Solomon) 1E-1 B/O/QPSK Uncoded Theory 1E-2 Typical Performance Viterbi Reed 1E-3 1E-4 BE R 1E-5 Specification 1/2 Rate 1E-6 Specification 3/4 Rate 1E-7 Specification 7/8 Rate 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb/No in dB 6-3. B/O/QPSK BER Performance (Viterbi – w/RS) Figure 7-3.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.4 BER Performance (8PSK Trellis) 1E-1 8PSK Uncoded Theory Trellis Decode 1E-2 Typical Performance 1E-3 1E-4 BE R 1E-5 1E-6 Specification 2/3 Rate 1E-7 Specification 2/3 Rate w/RS 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb/No in dB 6-4. B/O/QPSK BER Performance (Trellis) FigureFigure 7-5. 8PSK BER Performance (Trellis) Note: Eb/No values include the effect of using Differential Decoding and V.35 Descrambling.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.5 BER Performance (16QAM Viterbi) 1E-1 16QAM Uncoded Theory Viterbi Decode 1E-2 Typical Performance 1E-3 1E-4 BE R 1E-5 1E-6 Specification 3/4 Rate 1E-7 Specification 7/8 Rate 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Eb/No in dB Figure 6-5. 16QAM BER Performance (Viterbi) Figure 7-7. 16QAM BER Performance (Viterbi) Note: Eb/No values include the effect of using Differential Decoding and V.35 Descrambling.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.6 BER Performance (16QAM Viterbi with Reed-Solomon) 1E-1 16QAM Uncoded Theory 1E-2 Viterbi Decoder Reed Typical Performance 1E-3 1E-4 BE R 1E-5 1E-6 Specification 3/4 Rate w/RS 1E-7 Specification 7/8 Rate w/RS 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Eb/No in dB Figure 6-6. 16QAM Performance (Viterbiw/RS) w/RS) Figure 7-8.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.7 BER Performance ((O)QPSK Turbo) 1E-1 B/O/QPSK Uncoded Theory 1E-2 Turbo Specification 3/4 Rate 1E-3 1E-4 Specification 1/2 Rate Specification 7/8 Rate BE R 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 Typical Performance 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb/No in dB Figure 6-7. 16QAM Performance (Viterbi) Figure 7-10.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.8 BER Performance (8PSK Turbo) 1E-1 8PSK Uncoded Theory 1E-2 Turbo Specification 3/4 Rate 1E-3 Specification 7/8 Rate 1E-4 Typical Performance BE R 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb/No in dB Figure8PSK 6-8. 8PSK BER Performance (Turbo) (Turbo) Figure 7-11.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Technical Specifications 6.10.9 BER Performance (16QAM Turbo) 1E-1 16QAM Uncoded Theory 1E-2 Turbo Specification 3/4 Rate 1E-3 Specification 7/8 Rate 1E-4 Typical Performance BE R 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 1E-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Eb/No in dB Figure 16QAM Performance (Turbo) Figure 7-12. 16 6-9.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board BER 1E-3 1E-4 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 1E-9 1E-10 Table 6-1 - B/O/QPSK BER Performance (Viterbi) Specification Typical 1/2 Rate 3/4 Rate 7/8 Rate 1/2 Rate 3/4 Rate 4.2 dB 5.3 dB 6.2 dB 3.9 dB 4.9 dB 4.8 dB 6.1 dB 7.1 dB 4.5 dB 5.6 dB 5.5 dB 6.8 dB 7.9 dB 5.1 dB 6.3 dB 6.1 dB 7.6 dB 8.6 dB 5.7 dB 7 dB 6.7 dB 8.3 dB 9.3 dB 6.2 dB 7.7 dB 7.4 dB 8.9 dB 10.2 dB 6.8 dB 8.4 dB 8.2 dB 9.7 dB 11 dB 7.4 dB 9.1 dB 9 dB 10.3 dB 11.7 dB 8.1 dB 9.8 dB Technical Specifications 7/8 Rate 5.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board BER 1E-3 1E-4 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 1E-9 1E-10 Technical Specifications Table 6-4 - 8PSK BER Performance (Trellis) Specification Typical 2/3 Rate 2/3 Rate w/RS 2/3 Rate 2/3 Rate w/RS 6.3 dB 5.8 dB 4.8 dB 4.9 dB 7.3 dB 6.1 dB 5.6 dB 5.1 dB 8.2 dB 6.3 dB 6.4 dB 5.4 dB 9 dB 6.5 dB 7.2 dB 5.6 dB 9.8 dB 6.7 dB 8.1 dB 5.8 dB 10.4 dB 6.9 dB 8.9 dB 6.1 dB 11.1 dB 7.1 dB 9.7 dB 6.3 dB 11.9 dB 7.3 dB 10.5 dB 6.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board BER 1E-3 1E-4 1E-5 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 Technical Specifications Table 6-7 - (O)QPSK BER Performance (Turbo) Specification Typical 1/2 Rate 3/4 Rate 7/8 Rate 1/2 Rate 3/4 Rate 3.2 dB 4 dB 2.8 dB 3.4 dB 4.1 dB 3 dB 2.7 dB 3.6 dB 4.2 dB 2.4 dB 3.2 dB 2.9 dB 3.8 dB 4.3 dB 2.6 dB 3.4 dB 3.1 dB 4.1 dB 4.4 dB 2.8 dB 3.7 dB 3.3 dB 4.4 dB 4.5 dB 3 dB 4 dB 7/8 Rate 3.7 dB 3.8 dB 3.9 dB 4 dB 4.1 dB 4.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 6.10.11 Technical Specifications ACG Output Voltage The AGC Output Voltage is a function of the Input Power Level in dBm. The AGC Output Voltage is found on the Alarm connector Pin 24 of J2. Figure 6-13.
Chapter 7. Web Browser 7.1 Web Browser User Interface The Web Browser interface for DMD1050 can be accessed through the RJ45 (J10), SNMP port located on the unit. Instructions on how to configure the interface for this application are discussed. The Web Browser menus for the DMD1050 can only be accessed utilizing Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or greater . IMPORTANT 7.2 Configuring Your PC An example of a GUI layout is shown in Figure 7-1, showing the location and labeling of the Interface.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser 7.2.1 Appearance This site is a monitor and control of an individual complete satellite terminal. With a front panel look and feel, and an appearance that resembles the DMD20 layout, the product features a familiar look. 7.2.2 Navigation The navigation scheme consists of gel tabs that correspond to the front panel top-level menu selections. When the mouse is dragged over a tab, it gets highlighted with a rollover effect and a sub-level of selections is revealed.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser 7.2.3 LED Indicators Twelve LEDs on the DMD1050 GUI Interface (Refer to Table 7-2) indicate the status of the DMD1050’s operation. The LED colors maintain a consistent meaning. Green is appropriate for normal operation, Yellow means that there is a condition not proper for normal operation, and Red indicates a fault condition that will result in lost communications. Table 7-2.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3 Web Browser GUI Screen Menus There are four main menus displayed on the Introduction screen upon startup of the web browser. This screen will give a brief overview of the product and contains no configurable items.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser 7.3.1 Introduction Menu This menu will first appear when starting up the web browser. This page lists the general features of the unit, and lists a brief description of the unit. Notice on the bottom of the page that there are selections for Technical Specifications, Product Options, Troubleshooting, About Us, and Contact us. Access these areas for further detailed description of the selection. Figure 7.2.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3.1.1 Web Browser Login Screen Upon initially accessing the Password Setup, IP Administration and Monitor & Control configuration menu tabs a login prompt will appear. In order to gain access to any of the configuration menus, log in with the correct user name and password. (The factory default login name is “admin” and the default password is “admin”). For further information on setting user profiles see Section 7.2.3 IP and Application Administration Menu. Figure 7-3.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser 7.3.2 Password Setup The Access Menu allows for multiple operators to be allowed access to the system. User access priorities can be set be completing the fields in the Access menu below. Access Menu Figure 7-4. Access Menu Edit User {USER 1, USER 2, USER 3} Allows the operator to assign the applicable user group. User Access Group {Guest, Operator, Admin} Allows the operator to assign the applicable user Access Level group.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Preferences Menu Figure 7-5. Modem Preferences menu User Confirmation: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 {DISABLED, ENABLED} The user confirmation preference allows the user to force/disable confirmation of all changes through the web interface. This does not override bandwidth confirmations. However, these are always enabled.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3.3 Web Browser IP and Application Administration The Modem Addressing menu provides instructions on how to configure the modem, applications and PC. Modem Addressing Figure 7-6. Modem Addressing Server Boot Mode: {DEFAULT, NON-VOL, BOOTP, IP TEST} Default: All of the following parameters as shown in Table 7-3 through 7-8 will be set and will not change until the boot mode is changed. Table 7-3.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser IP TEST: The IP Test boot mode has a similar behavior to the default boot mode. The Terminal, IP, SNMP, FTP and Web parameters changed by the default setting will also be reset by the IP Test boot mode. However, instead of the IP addresses being set to an unreadable address, it will be set as follows as shown in Table 7-4: Table 7-4. IP Test IP ADDRESS MASK: MODEM IP ADDRESS: SERVER IP ADDRESS ROUTER IP ADDRESS: 255.255.255.0 192.168.000.238 192.168.000.101 192.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Configuring Applications Figure 7-7.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Table 7-5.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Configuring the PC Figure 7-8.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser 7.3.4 Monitor and Control Menu Under this menu, all modem functions that are monitored and/or controlled are accessible. To access the M&C sub menu options drag the cursor across the gel-tabs. Note that as the cursor passes over a tab it is highlighted and a menu drops below the tab. Stop on the desired tab move the cursor down and then across to the desired function.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser MIL-STD 188-165A: (MILSTD-188-165A) For Data Rates: Framing: Scrambler: Spectrum 9.6 K – 20.0 Mbps None OM73 MIL 188 165A DVB: EN301-201 and EN300-421 Data Rates: All Rates Framing Type: DVB Scrambler Type: Spectrum Mask: DVB DVB 0.25, 0.35 Closed Net: All possible combinations allowed, however, the DVB settings require the DVB network spec. Strap Code: {Refer to Strap Code Guide, Table 4-4} The Strap Code is a quick set key that sets many modem parameters.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Modulation: {QPSK, BPSK, OQPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM} Allows the user to select the modulation type. Spectral Mask: { MIL-188-165A, Intelsat 0.35, DVB SAT 0.35, DVB SAT 0.25} Allows the user to set the spectral shape of Tx Data Filter Compensation: {0.0 – 1.0} Allows you to offset output power by up to 1 dBm. This is intended as a correction for user cabinet connectors. Transmit / Data Menu Figure 7-10.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Differential Coding: {ENABLED, DISABLE} Allows the user to enable or disable the Differential Encoder. Having the encoder enabled ensures proper phase lock. May not be adjustable in some modes. Scrambler Selection: {NONE, V.35-IESS, V.35 CITT, V.35 EF, IBS w/Optional Framing and optional Reed-Solomon, Reed-Solomon Scrambler w/Optional Framing, CCITT, V.35FC, OM-73, V.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Transmit / Reed-Solomon Menu These selections are active only when the Reed-Solomon Option is installed. Figure 7-11. Transmit / Reed-Solomon Menu Reed-Solomon Control: Reed-Solomon Rate N Value, K Value: Interleaver Depth: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 {ENABLED, DISABLE} Allows the user to Enable/Disable the Reed-Solomon Encoder. {Refer to Table 3-1 for valid N/K values} Displays the currently used n, k Reed-Solomon Codes.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Transmit / AUPC Menu Figure 7-12. Transmit / AUPC Menu LOCAL AUPC (menu) AUPC MODE The 'LOCAL AUPC CONFIGURATION' Menu contains the local configuration parameters for the AUPC Function. {DISABLED, NEARSIDE, RADYNE, EFDATA} DISABLED: Allows the user to enable or disable the Local AUPC Function of the local modem. EFDATA: Enables EFDATA Local AUPC Function.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser EFDATA AUPC: When configured for EFDATA AUPC the minimum Transmit Power is the lowest power setting that will be used when the local modem commands a decrease of the Transmit Power from the Remote modem. RADYNE: When configured for Radyne AUPC, the minimum Transmit Power is the lowest power setting that will be used when the remote modem commands a decrease of the Transmit Power from the Local modem.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser TRACKING RATE {0.5 to 6.0} Allows the user to set the rate at which the commands to increase or decrease Transmit Power are sent. Each command will result in a 0.5 dB increase or decrease in Transmit Power from the remote transmitter. The tracking rate is adjustable from 0.5 dB per minute to 6.0 dB per minute in 0.5 dB steps.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3.4.2 Web Browser Receive Menu The Receive menu contains sub menus; General | IF, Data, Reed Solomon and ODU-LNB. Receive General | IF Menu Figure 7-13. Receive General | IF Menu Network Spec: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 {CLOSED NET, DVB SAT} Supports IDR and IBS Framing. Modes in Closed Net The Mode Command sets a number of parameters within the modem to meet a set specification. The purpose is to eliminate keystrokes and potential compatibility problems.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser MIL\188-165A: (MILSTD-188-165A) For Data Rates: Framing: Scrambler: Spectrum 9.6 K – 20.0 Mbps None OM73 MIL 188 165 DVB: (Per EN301 201 and 300 421) Data Rates: Framing Type: Spectrum Mask: All Rates DVB Scrambler Type: DVB 0.25, 0.35 DVB Closed Net: All possible combinations allowed, however, DVB settings requires the DVB network spec. Strap Code: The Strap Code is a quick set key that sets many modem parameters.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Sweep Delay (sec): {0.0 – 900.0 sec} Allows the user to set the reacquisition delay time in 1/10th second increments. Reacquisition Range (Hz): {0 – 32000 Hz} Allows the user to set the reacquisition sweep in 1 Hz increments. Adj Carrier Pwr: {Normal, Suppressed} Allows the user to indicate adjacent carrier as Normal or Suppressed (High Power). Unit will increase or decrease post dissemination gain appropriately.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Receive / Data Menu Figure 7-14. Receive / Data Menu Data Rate (bps): {Refer to Technical Specs for Data Rates} Allows the user to set the Data Rate in bps steps via the Front Panel Arrows or Keypad. Symbol Rate (sps): Allows the user to view the Symbol Rate.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Scrambler Selection {NONE, V.35-IESS, V.35 CITT, V.35 EF, IBS w/Optional Framing and optional Reed-Solomon, Reed-Solomon Scrambler w/Optional Framing, CCITT, V.35FC, OM-73, V.35EF_RS, TPC SCRAMBLER (Turbo Codec), DVB, EDMAC} Allows the user to select the descrambler type. Scrambler Control {ON, OFF} Allows the user to enable or disable the descrambler operation.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Receive / Reed-Solomon Menu Figure 7-15. Receive / Reed-Solomon Menu ReedSolomon Control: {ENABLED, DISABLED} Allows the user to Enable/Disable the Reed-Solomon Encoder. RS N Value: {Refer to Table 3-1 for valid n/k values} Displays the currently used N value, Reed-Solomon Codes. In Closed Net Mode, the user may select custom R-S Codes if optional Reed Solomon Card is installed.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3.4.3 Web Browser Interface Menu Interface / TX Setup Menu Figure 7-16. Interface / TX Setup Menu Circuit ID : Allows the user entry of a Tx Circuit Identifier. Circuits can be given up to an 11 Character alphanumeric identity such as LINK1. Terrestrial Interface: {MIL 188-114A, ETHERNET} Allows the user to select the Transmit Type. Terr. Clock Source: {SCTE, SCT} Allows the user to select the Transmit Clock Source.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser SCT Clock Source: {INTERNAL (SCT), SCR (Rx SAT CLK)} Select SCT Source to be the SCT Oscillator or the RX Satellite Clock. Rx SAT CLK is for loop timing. SCT Clock Polarity: {AUTO, NORMAL, INVERTED} Select the Clock Polarity for the Tx Terrestrial Clock relative to the Tx Data. “Auto” detects wrong polarity and automatically corrects. Eth Flow Control: {Disabled, Enabled} Disable or enable flow control.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Interface / RX Setup Menu Figure 7-17. Interface / RX Setup Menu Circuit ID: Provides entry of Rx Circuit Identifier. Circuits can be given up to an 11 Character alphanumeric Identity such as DLINK1 Terrestrial Streaming: {BYTE OUTPUT, PACKET OUTPUT} ASI only Byte output = continuous Packet output = burst Terrestrial Interface: {ETHERNET, MIL-188-114A} Allows the user to select the Receive Type.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board BUFFER CLOCK SOURCES Web Browser {SCTE (External), SCT (Internal), Rx Sat} Priority {1-5} SRC DEPTH {1-5} The user must assign priorities to the clock sources. 1 being the highest priority and 5 being the last resort. The menu has three fields; the first field is the name of the clock source, the second field is the priority entry area, and the last field is the depth of the list.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Interface / General Menu Figure 7-18. Interface / General Menu External Frequency (MHz): Reference Frequency Source: {Variable Through Data Rate} Allows the user to select the external clock frequency in MHz. {EXTERNAL, HIGH STABILITY} Allows the user to select the Frequency Reference Source. Reference Frequency (MHz): {EXTERNAL, HIGH STABILITY} Allows the user to select the Frequency Reference Source.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3.4.4 Web Browser Monitor Menu Monitor | Voltages Menu Figure 7-19. Monitor | Voltages Menu Rx Offset Frequency (Hz): Displays the received carrier frequency offset as measured by the modem. Rx Input Level (dBm): Displays the estimated receive signal level as seen by the Demodulator. This window is active continuously and is above the Gel Tab area. Eb/No (dB): Displays the estimated Eb/No as seen by the demodulator.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Rx Buffer Level (Fill %): {0 – 100%} Displays the status of the Doppler Buffer. This window is above the Gel Tab area. RX Buffer Reset (ENTER) Allows the user to re-center the Doppler Buffer when is pressed on the web browser screen. Rx Bit Errors: Displays the current error count from the Viterbi Decoder. +1.5V TX Supply Displays the measured voltage of the 1.5 Volt Tx power bus located inside the modem. +1.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Monitor / Eth Link Status Menu Figure 7-20. Monitor / ETH Link Status Menu Total Packets: Displays the total number of Ethernet packets received from the satellite (Only visible when Ethernet is selected as the interface type). Error Packets: Displays the number of erred Ethernet packets received from the satellite (Only visible when Ethernet is selected as the interface type).
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser PORT 2 STATUS {See the note above} Displays the current status of LAN Port 2. WAN STATUS {See the note above} Displays the current status of the WAN Port. Event Menu Figure 7-21. Event Menu Delete All: Cleans the entire event buffer. Event Type: I Informational Y Yellow alarm. Indicates a transmit or receive warning condition. R Red alarm. Indicates a transmit or receive failure, losing traffic.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3.4.5 Web Browser Alarms Menu Alarms / Transmit Menu Figure 7-22. Alarms /Transmit Menu MAJOR ALARMS FPGA Config: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates a transmit FPGA configuration failure. DSP Config: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates a transmit DSP configuration failure. Sct Clock PLL: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates that the Tx SCT Clock PLL is not locked. This alarm will flash on during certain modem parameter changes.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Ethernet WAN Web Browser {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates that the interface card is faulted and will not pass data (displays only when the Ethernet Card is installed and the Ethernet Interface is selected). MINOR ALARMS Terr Clock Act: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates no Terrestrial Clock activity. Terr Data Act: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates no Tx Data activity.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Alarms / Receive Menu Figure 7-23. Alarms / Receive Menu MAJOR ALARMS FPGA Config: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates a receive FPGA hardware failure. DSP Config: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates a receive DSP failure. Signal Lock: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates that the demod is unable to lock to a signal. Input Level; {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates Rx signal level has fallen below input threshold.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser solid indication points toward a configuration problem within the modem. Ethernet WAN: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates that the interface card is faulted and will not pass data (displays only when the Ethernet Card is installed and the Ethernet Interface is selected). MINOR ALARMS Buffer Underflow: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates that a Doppler Buffer underflow has occurred.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser RESET LATCHED ALARMS Clicking on this button will reset (Clear) all Latched Alarms FORCE ALARM TEST Clicking on this button will force alarms. Alarms / Common Menu Figure 7-24. Alarms / Common Menu COMMON ALARMS Terr FPGA Cfg: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates an Interface Card FPGA configuration failure. Codec FPGA Cfg: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Indicates Turbo Codec Card FPGA configuration failure.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser +3.3V Supply {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Displays the measured voltage of the +3.3 Volt power bus located inside the modem. +5V Supply {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Displays the measured voltage of the +5 Volt power bus located inside the modem. +12V Supply {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} Displays the measured voltage of the +12 Volt power bus located inside the modem.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser IDR Backwards #2 SAT Alarm: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} IDR Backwards #3 SAT Alarm: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} IDR Backwards #4 SAT Alarm: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} IBS ALARMS IBS Backward SAT Alarm: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} SATTERR Alarm: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} IBS Prompt: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} IBS Service: {Pass/Fail, Unmasked/Masked} MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 7–43
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board 7.3.4.5.1 Web Browser System Menu System / Terminal / Remote Menu Figure 7-26. System / Terminal / Remote Menu Remote Port Control {TERMINAL, COMPUTER} Allows the user to select between terminal RS-232 control and remote port M&C RS-232/-485 control. Terminal Emulation: {VT-100, WYSE50, VT100} Allows the user to select the emulation type.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser System / HW-FW Configuration Menu Figure 7-27. System / HW-FW Configuration Menu Firmware Revision: Displays the installed firmware revision. M&C Revision: Displays the installed Monitor and Control revision. Main Board: Indicates the Radyne part number for the Baseband Board Assembly. IF Board: Indicates the Radyne part number for the IF Board Assembly. Terr Intf Board: Indicates the Radyne assembly number for the Terrestrial Interface Assembly.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser System / Features Menu Figure 7-28. System / Features Menu The Web Browser menu allows viewing of actively enabled features. Each feature displays a series of symbols that describe feature status. The following symbols indicate: Installed No hardware available. Requires hardware for upgrade. Feature is in Demo Mode and will expire. Key Code Required Call customer service.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser 7.3.4.6 Test Menu Test Pattern | Carrier Menu Figure 7-29. Test Pattern | Carrier Menu IMPORTANT Usage of the modems loopback capabilities in conjunction with the Ethernet data interface can produce undesirable network loops. In order to run any type of data test with an Ethernet interface you must utilize two modems connected back to back. Simply using one modem and a loopback will not produce the desired results.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Pattern Error Count: {NO SYNC, nnnn x 10n} Displays the number of errors detected by the test pattern checker. Carrier Type: {NORMAL, CW, DUAL, OFFSET POS FIR, NEG FIR} RESTART TEST PATTERN: Click to reset the test pattern counter and generator. Test / IQ Plot Menu Figure 7-30. Test / IQ Plot Menu PICK A COLOR: {RED, GREEN} START: {} Allows the user to run I/Q Plot by clicking Start. STOP: {} Allows the user to terminate the I/Q Plot by clicking Stop.
Appendix A. Product Options A.1 Hardware Options The following enhanced interface cards are available. A.2 Internal High-Stability The DMD1050 can be equipped with a +/- 5 x 10-8 or better Stability Frequency Reference as an add-on enhancement. This is a factory upgrade only. A.3 Customized Options The DMD1050 may be customized for specific customer requirements. Most modifications or customization can be accomplished by means of firmware/software modifications.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Product Options Notes: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 A–2
Appendix B. Carrier Control B.1 States The DMD1050 transmitter will turn off the carrier output automatically when the modem determines there is a major alarm. This is done to prevent the carrier from outputting an unknown spectrum and possibly disturbing adjacent carriers. This automatic drop of the carrier can be overridden by masking the alarm that is causing the fault. This will keep the modulator output spectrum transmitting, even when the fault occurs.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Carrier Control Modulator output is turned off before reprogramming modulator functions that may alter the output spectrum through the front panel, but the output is automatically turned on after the change. When using the terminal, the modulator is turned off while re-programming modulator functions that may alter the output spectrum, and but the output is automatically turned on after the change. B.
Appendix C. TCP/IP Ethernet Setup C.1 Introduction The modem supports SNMP, FTP protocols and the Web Browser. Utilization of the protocols is dependent upon proper set up of the TCP-IP menus. This document is to be used only as a guideline for setting up the TCP-IP menus. Contact the IT manager for proper guidance to ensure setup is successful. For additional information on the various WEB or SNMP configurations and descriptions refer to the Remote Protocol Manual (TM117). C.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board TCP/IP Ethernet Setup Bootp Server (see the next menu selection for setting the BOOTp TAG). If Bootp is not enabled, the modem will ignore the BOOTp Tag setting. c. NON-VOL: This will allow for setting up all required IP Addresses and will store the information to the non-volatile memory. Upon power cycle, the modem will restore the saved settings into the correct fields. d. IP TEST: The IP Test selection is similar in behavior to the Default selection.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board TCP/IP Ethernet Setup 8. MODEM EADDR: This displays the Modem (Unit) Ethernet Address. The Modem Ethernet Address is configured at the factory. It is a unique Radyne equipment identifier Address. Example: 0010650903EB 9. ETHER RATE: This displays the current Ethernet port data rate. If multiple rates are available, then a selection can be made to specify the Ethernet port data rate (10BaseT). Example Ethernet port Data Rate: 10 MBPS/HD C.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board TCP/IP Ethernet Setup The pinout for this Ethernet Crossover (Null) cable is as follows: RJ45 Connector A RJ45 Connector B Pin #1 Pin #3 Pin #2 Pin #6 Pin #3 Pin #1 Pin #4 Pin #4 Pin #5 Pin #5 Pin #6 Pin #2 Pin #7 Pin #7 Pin #8 Pin #8 The Computer TCP/IP must be properly configured in order to obtain connectivity. The following set-up procedure can be used as a guide to aide in this setup. The following instructions apply only to Windows 2000 or XP Classic. 1.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board TCP/IP Ethernet Setup 3. Make sure that the box next to the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked. Highlight Interconnect Protocol (TCP/IP) and click on the Properties button. Local Area Connection Properties Box 4. Select “Use the following IP Address”.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board C.5 TCP/IP Ethernet Setup Testing the Ethernet Connection using the Ping Program (Optional) To verify that connectivity and settings are correct, use the Ping command to report if the Host (Equipment) is correctly responding. This is accomplished by opening the MSDOS Command Prompt and executing a Ping command as shown in the following example. 1. Open MSDOS Command Prompt. The Screen will display: Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board TCP/IP Ethernet Setup a. Verify that the correct cables are connected to the Ethernet port and that they are secured. b. The Link Light is illuminated. c. The IP Address that is used matches the Modem’s IP Address. d. The Server and Modem are on the same subnet.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board TCP/IP Ethernet Setup Notes: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 C–8
Appendix D. Web Browser Setup Guide D.1 Introduction This section provides quick setup instructions to access the Web Browser through the RJ45 Ethernet interface. The Web user interface allows for complete monitoring and control of all modem parameters and functions via a 10BaseT Ethernet connection. For more details on the various WEB configurations and a description of all the available selections, please refer to the manuals. D.2 Required Items � � � � D.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Setup Guide 3. Turn on power to the DMD1050 and allow it to run for 2 minutes. 4. Turn off power and remover the Reset mating connector from JP5 & JP6. 5. The IP addresses are now configured to the following: Boot Modes: Bootp Server Tag: IPTEST 206 IP Address Mask: 255.255.255.000 Modem IP Address: 192.168.0.238 Server IP Address: 192.168.000.101 Router IP Address: 192.168.000.102 6.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Setup Guide 9. Start the Internet browser on the computer and enter the IP Address 192.168.0.238 in the address field then press the Enter key per Figure D-2. Figure D-2. Internet Browser Address 10. The Web Browser should be displayed on your computer screen. The modem index page will be displayed per Figure D-3. No special access is required. General information on the modem, features, capabilities, and available options are listed.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Setup Guide Figure D-4. Password Setup Screen IMPORTANT The modem offers addition features that allow for specific administrative privileges for various users. Please refer to section 3.3 for additional information. 12. This concludes the initial set up that gives full access to the modem. If you need to change the IP Addressing to support a different network, then proceed to section 3.1. D.4 IP Network Change from the Initial Web Setup D.4.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Setup Guide Figure D-5. Modem Addressing Screen D.4.2 Configuring the Computer This section is a continuation from the initial setup or can be used on an existing system that requires a network setup change. The computer needs to be configured with the correct network settings that were used for the Modem. Please consult with your IT manager for an IP address mask, and modem, server, and router IP addresses valid for your network.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board D.5 Web Browser Setup Guide WEB Users Setup and Configurations Controls Options We use authentication and authorization together with a user database and a Security Realm to design a secure site. This makes use of users and groups, where users are generally people that may access the system, and groups represent the position that users can hold. The web user database consists of three users, with initial default names of guest, oper, and admin.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Setup Guide Figure 6. User Settings/Access Screen ACCESS rights represent the following: GUEST: Users are able to navigate most of the site, and view modem parameter settings. OPER: Users can monitor and control modem parameter settings, and change their own authentication passwords. ADMIN: At this highest access right, the users can monitor and control the modems parameters, change any user’s name and authentication password, and modify IP network settings.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Web Browser Setup Guide D.5.2 Boot Mode Options (Reference only) Boot Modes selections are based on the networks requirements needed for setting up the Web browser. Refer to the manual for more specific details. Boot Mode options are: DEFAULT: During initialization (boot up), the modem will restore the web setting to the standard IP Mask and addresses supplied by the modem. The modem will be taken off the network and will not be accessible.
Appendix E.User Interface Connections E.1 User Interface Connections Supplied mating connectors can be used, but are not required. Refer to section 5 for pin out definitions. Connector Kit part numbers: Radyne P/N 1. CA/3446-9 2. CNRSHUNT 3. CNR102387-1 4. CNR102387-6 5. TMR102548-6 6. CNR09-50-3041 7.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board User Interface Connections Style -07 Dimensions are in inches A B .100 0.430 C 0.430 G = Gold plating D = Dual Row.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board User Interface Connections J3 & J7 Information on Supplied Interface Connectors for DC & BUC Power J7 J3 MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 DC input Power - 4 Pin Crimp Terminal Hsg: Mfg (Molex) P/N: 09-50-3041 BUC/LNB input - 4 Pin Crimp Terminal Hsg: Mfg (Molex) P/N: 09-50-3041 E–3
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board User Interface Connections Part Number: Active08-56-0106 3.96mm (.156") Pitch KK® Crimp Terminal 2478, 18-24 AWG, Bag, Brass, 0.51µm (20µ") Selective Gold (Au) Part Details: General Status Active KK® 2478 Female 18, 20, 22, 24 2.79mm (.110") max. Bag Product Name Molex Series Gender Wire Size [AWG] Wire Insulation Diameter Packaging Physical Contact Brass (CuZn) 0.27mm (.011") 0.
Appendix F.Ethernet Data Interface F.1 Introduction Just like the original Ethernet Bridge, the new Enhanced Ethernet Interface makes connecting LAN's via satellite easy to do. Simply select Ethernet as your terrestrial interface and plug your LAN into any of the four RJ-45 connectors on the back panel.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.2 Ethernet Data Interface Point-to-Point Applications Figure F-1 illustrates a typical application connecting a remote office to the corporate headquarters via satellite. Because the EEI places no restrictions on the IP addresses or subnet masks chosen for a particular implementation, there is no lengthy setup required and no need to change any existing network configurations.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.3 Ethernet Data Interface The Importance of Transparent Operation In some situations, the remote site may be nothing more than PC's that need to be connected to a central office for E-mail, File Transfers, or Internet access. In these cases, it's often desirable to have all of the network IP addresses assigned dynamically on an as needed basis by a DHCP server.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.4 Ethernet Data Interface Point-to-Multipoint Applications In many instances, customers need to connect multiple remote sites to a central hub, and here again, the EEI provides exceptional value and ease of use. With its multi-port interface and daisy chain capability, your hub router doesn’t need to know that there are multiple return paths. And as your network grows, you won’t need to change your network configuration or buy additional router blades for your hub.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.5 Ethernet Data Interface High Speed Mesh Applications As shown in Figure F-4, the unique daisy chain capability of the EEI also lends itself to mesh networks. And as with the previous example, adding more nodes to your mesh system can be done without requiring additional router blades or disrupting the existing traffic.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.6 Ethernet Data Interface Low Speed Mesh Applications For mesh applications with data rates lower than 5 Mbps, the combination of a DMD20 and an MD2401 Multi-Demod as shown in Figure F-5 can provide a simple 8PSK with Turbo solution that requires no IP configuration or network setup. When configured with the Ethernet option, the MD2401 automatically muxes the packets received from the multiple data streams onto a single 10/100 Ethernet port.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.7 Ethernet Data Interface Remote Monitor and Control via SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the most widely used protocol for network management available today. It provides a secure, open network standard whereby a PC with a MIB Browser can be used to monitor and control almost any Cisco router, gateway, or Radyne modem.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board F.8 Ethernet Data Interface Enhanced Quality of Service (QOS) Most networks are comprised of various types of real-time and non real-time services. With its four prioritized output queues, the EEI can insure that higher priority traffic like voice and network controls are not backed up behind low priority traffic such as bulk transfers and games. In addition, EEI provides the operator with more control over how the QOS determination is made and how the queues are processed.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Ethernet Data Interface F.8.1 Normal QOS When Normal QOS is selected, the determination of traffic priority and queuing is based on information contained in the packet. This type of QOS is the default on the original Ethernet Bridge and is typically what most users require. Normal QOS uses the following packet information: When a packet contains an IEEE802.3ac Tag (this tag is optional), the EEI uses the IEEE802.1p priority information embedded in the Tag.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Ethernet Data Interface F.8.5 Satellite Packet Error Checking Packet error checking is a standard part of any terrestrial Ethernet system and is performed using the CRC contained in the Ethernet wrapper. When a CRC error is encountered, the packet is discarded by the router, switch, or hub in which the error was detected. A similar methodology is utilized over the satellite link where bit errors result in a corrupted packet with a bad CRC.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Ethernet Data Interface F.8.8 Adding Acceleration, Compression, Network Security, and Traffic Shaping Today, there are various acceleration, compression, IP security, and traffic shaping solutions available from numerous third party vendors. Some are proprietary implementations, while others are based on open standards such as MIL-STD-2045-44000 and CCSDS 714.0-B-1. Some may even be implemented in your current network and routers.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Ethernet Data Interface Notes: MN-DMD1050 Revision 9 F–12
Appendix G. DMD1050 Strap Codes G.1 Introduction The Strap Code is a quick set key that sets many of the modem parameters. For quick setup of the DMD1050, Strap Codes are very helpful. When a Strap Code is entered, the modem is automatically configured for the code’s corresponding data rate, overhead, code rate, framing, scrambler type and modulation.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board DMD1050 Strap Codes Modulation Mode Dis QPSK CNT VIT V.35 (IESS) Dis QPSK CNT V.35 (IESS) Dis QPSK CNT 1 3/4 VIT 1 1/2 Framing Type V.35 (IESS) NONE Type NONE Code Rate Reed-Solomon 320 Scrambler Type 68 256 Overhead 66 Data Rate (Kbps) Strap Code (Decimal) Table G-1. DMD1050 Strap Codes Dis = Disable 72 320 1 3/4 VIT NONE 80 384 1 1/2 VIT NONE V.35 (IESS) Dis QPSK CNT 96 384 1 3/4 VIT NONE V.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board DMD1050 Strap Codes Code Rate Type Framing Type Scrambler Type Reed-Solomon Modulation Mode 98 1024 1 3/4 VIT CNT V.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board DMD1050 Strap Codes Code Rate Type Framing Type Scrambler Type Reed-Solomon Modulation Mode 77 1472 16/15 3/4 VIT IBS IBS Dis QPSK CNT 78 1600 16/15 1/2 VIT IBS IBS Dis QPSK CNT 83 1600 16/15 3/4 VIT IBS IBS Dis QPSK CNT 85 1664 16/15 1/2 VIT IBS IBS Dis QPSK CNT 86 1664 16/15 3/4 VIT IBS IBS Dis QPSK CNT 89 1728 16/15 1/2 VIT IBS IBS Dis QPSK CNT 90 1728 16/15 3/4 VIT IBS IBS Dis QPSK CNT 92 1792
Appendix H. Software Upgrade Procedure H.1 Software Upgrade Procedure The outdoor modem software may be upgraded via the terminal or the web interface. H.2 Terminal Software Upgrade The DMD1050 Outdoor Modem offers the ability to perform field upgrades of the modem’s feature set quickly and easily from the Terminal Port. Purchased upgrades will become part of the modems permanent configuration. Demonstration upgrades will enable the optional features for a 30-day evaluation period. H.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board Software Upgrade Procedure The value displayed on the top line of this menu is the 12-digit Unit ID. It is displayed as 3 sets of 4 digits in a dot-delineated format as follows: 1234.1234.1234 Your Sales Representative will ask you for this number along with your desired feature set upgrades when placing your order. 3. Once your order has been processed, you will be issued a 12-digit feature set upgrade code. This code is only good on the modem for which it was ordered.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board a. b. Software Upgrade Procedure From the main menu, the Features menu. “Feature Id: is the unit ID number The value displayed on the top line of this menu is the 12-digit Unit ID. It is displayed as 3 sets of 4 digits in a dot-delineated format as follows: 1234.1234.1234 Your Sales Representative will ask you for this number along with the features you wish to demo. 3. Once your order has been processed, you will be issued a 12-digit demonstration code.
DMD1050 Satellite Modem Board H.7 Web Browser Software Upgrade H.8 Monitor and Control Software Upgrade Procedure All modem settings can be monitored and controlled through the browser based on the user access rights. This is an easy-to-use navigation method that lets you view the current modem status and access the modem’s controls. 1. From the modem introduction page, click the MONITOR & CONTROL tab. 2. If you are prompted, enter your username and password, and then press ENTER.
METRIC CONVERSIONS Units of Length Unit Centimeter Inch Foot Yard Mile Meter Kilometer Millimeter 1 centimeter — 0.3937 0.03281 0.01094 6.214 x 10-6 0.01 — — 1 inch 2.540 — 0.08333 0.2778 1.578 x 10-5 0.254 — 25.4 1 foot 30.480 12.0 — 0.3333 1.893 x 10-4 0.3048 — — 1 yard 91.44 36.0 3.0 — 5.679 x 10-4 0.9144 — — 1 meter 100.0 39.37 3.281 1.094 6.214 x 10-4 — — — 1 mile 1.609 x 105 6.336 x 104 5.280 x 103 1.760 x 103 — 1.609 x 103 1.
