Specifications
Installation and Operation Manual Appendix C Operating Environment
FCD-E1LC Ver. 1.0 IP Environment C-5
• Loss of multiframe alignment (applicable only when G732S multiframes are
used). This condition is declared when too many errors are detected in the
multiframe alignment signal (MAS) (same conditions as for loss of frame
alignment). The loss of multiframe alignment is reported by means of the Y
bit (see
Figure A-1
).
• Alarm indication signal (AIS). The AIS signal is an unframed “all-ones” signal,
and is used to maintain line signal synchronization in case of loss of input
signal, e.g., because an alarm condition occurred in the equipment that
supplies the line signal.
The equipment receiving an AIS signal loses frame synchronization.
C.2 IP Environment
This section describes the IP environment, to provide background information for
configuring the parameters that control the routing of management traffic.
The information presented in this section refers to Version 4 of the IP protocol
(IP4), currently the most widely used protocol version.
Introduction to IP
IP means “Internet Protocol”. The term
IP protocol
is often used to indicate a
standardized set of rules and procedures that enable data exchange through a
packet-switched network.
Accordingly, the term
Internet
indicates the set of networks that use the IP
protocol and are interconnected in a way that, at least in principle, permits any
entity on one network to communicate with any entity on another network.
The term “suite of IP protocols” is also often used, in recognition of the fact that
the operation of the Internet is actually defined by many related protocols.
IP Networks, IP Hosts and IP Ports
Any entity that can communicate using the IP protocol is called an
IP host
.
The connection point between an IP host and an IP network is called
IP port
.
An
IP network
forms when a number of IP ports can communicate directly (peer
to peer) using the IP protocol, without any intermediaries.
An IP host can have any number of IP ports. Moreover, the ports may be located
on different IP networks.
IP Addresses
To enable IP communication between two IP hosts, it is necessary to find a route
between their IP ports. For this purpose, each IP port is assigned an IP address.
Note
Note