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User Manual 3152 PRECISION PLL SYNTHESIZER Publication No. 980793 RACAL INSTRUMENTS Racal Instruments, Inc. 4 Goodyear St., Irvine, CA 92618-2002 Tel: (800) RACAL-ATE, (800) 722-2528, (949) 859-8999; FAX: (949) 859-7139 Racal Instruments, Ltd. 480 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 6BE, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1628 604455; FAX: +44 (0) 1628 662017 Racal Systems Electronique S.A. 18 Avenue Dutartre, 78150 LeChesnay, France Tel: +33 (1) 3923 2222; FAX: +33 (1) 3923 2225 Racal Systems Elettronica s.r.l.
WARRANTY STATEMENT All Racal Instruments, Inc. products are designed and manufactured to exacting standards and in full conformance to Racal’s ISO 9001 procedures. For the specific terms of your standard warranty, or optional extended warranty or service agreement, contact your Racal customer service advisor. Please have the following information available to facilitate service. 1. Product serial number 2. Product model number 3.
FOR YOUR SAFETY Before undertaking any troubleshooting, maintenance or exploratory procedure, read carefully the WARNINGS and CAUTION notices. This equipment contains voltage hazardous to human life and safety, and is capable of inflicting personal injury. If this instrument is to be powered from the AC line (mains) through an autotransformer, ensure the common connector is connected to the neutral (earth pole) of the power supply.
TABLE OF CONTENTS MODEL 3152 PRECISION PLL SYNTHESIZER Getting Started What’s In this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manual Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using The Instrument Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input/Output Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power On/Reset Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What To Do Now . . . . . . . .
SCPI Command Reference What’s In This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction To SCPI Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The MIN and MAX Parameters . . . . . . . . .
Trig, Gate and Burst Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PLL Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warm-up Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLES 3-1 3-2 4-1 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7a 5-7b 5-7c Default Conditions After Power On, RESet or *RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amplitude and Offset Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VXIbus Model 3152 SCPI Commands List Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CPU and VXI Interface Checkout Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output Amplifier and Amplitude Control Checkout Procedure . . . . . . . . Clock Synthesizer Checkout Procedure . . . .
3 15 2 W AV E FO R M S Y N TH E S IZ ER O UTPUT 50 SY NC O UT TTL T R IG /PLL IN 30 V M A X C LO C K IN ECL P M IN 30 V M AX R M S 3152 Front Panel vi Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
1 Getting Started What’s In This Chapter This chapter contains a general description of the VXIbus Model 3152 Waveform Synthesizer and an overall functional description of the instrument. It lists and describes various options available for this model. It also describes the Model 3152 front panel connectors and indicators.
Besides its normal continuous mode, the Model 3152 offers a variety of interrupted modes. The output waveform may be gated, triggered, or may generate a counted burst of waveforms. A built-in trigger generator with a programmable period can replace an external trigger. The Model 3152 generates arbitrary waveforms with 12 bits of resolution. There are nine standard waveforms which are memoryresident.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 407510-012 - Model 3152 - 100MS/s Synthesizer, w/256K RAM, 1PPM 407510-002 - Model 3152 - 100MS/s Synthesizer, w/512K RAM, 1PPM 407510-012 - Model 3152 - 100MS/s Synthesizer, w/ 64K RAM, 100PPM 407510-022 - Model 3152 - 100MS/s Synthesizer, w/256K RAM, 100PPM 407510-021 - Model 3152 - 100MS/s Synthesizer, w/512K RAM, 100PPM Waveform Waveform Waveform Waveform Waveform The 64K RAM option designates the memory size supplied with the Model 3152. The standard memory size is 64K (65536 words).
Supplied Accessories The Model 3152 is supplied with an Instruction Manual. The manual includes disks with VXIplug&play soft front panel and drivers along with WaveCAD for Windows. A Service Manual is available upon request. Specifications Instrument specifications are listed in Appendix A. These specifications are the performance standards or limits against which the instrument is tested.
Trigger Input The Trigger Input accepts signals that stimulate the Model 3152 to output waveforms. The trigger input is inactive when the instrument is in continuous operating mode. When placed in trigger, gated or burst mode, the trigger input is made active and waits for the right condition to trigger the instrument. In trigger and burst modes, the trigger input is edge sensitive, i.e., it senses transitions from high to low or from low to high to trigger the Model 3152.
Gated Mode In gated mode, the Model 3152 circuits are armed to generate output waveforms as long as a gating signal is true. Unlike the triggered mode, the gated mode is level sensitive. When the gating signal goes false, the waveform at the output connector is first completed and the output goes to an idle state. The stop amplitude level, after a gating signal, is the last point on the waveform.
Figure 1-1 Segment 1 Sin(x)/x Waveform Figure 1-2 Segment 2 Sine Waveform Getting Started 1-7 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
Figure 1-3 Segment 3 Pulse Waveform The following sequence was made of segment 2 repeated twice, segment 1 repeated four times and segment 3 repeated twice. Figure 1-4 Sequenced Waveforms Output State The main output can be turned on or off. The internal circuit is disconnected from the output BNC connector by a mechanical switch under program control (relay). This feature is useful for connecting the Model 3152 main output, along with other instruments, to an analog bus.
Backplane Synchronization Multiple Model 3152s may be synchronized and operated together inside one VXIbus chassis. With one instrument configured as master and the rest of the instruments configured as slaves, the instruments are phase-locked to the start phase on the master module. The slave modules may be configured to have phase offsets within the range of 0E to 360E. There is no need to install multiple Model 3152 modules in adjacent slots to be able to phase synchronize modules.
The FAIL LED may be illuminated during normal operation if the Model 3152 stops communication. The ACCESS LED (Amber) illuminates each time a command has been received by the Model 3152. This light remains on during shared memory data transfer. The PLL ON LED is off during normal operation. In PLL mode, the PLL ON illuminates when a valid signal is available at the trigger input and lock frequency is available at the main output connector.
2 Configuring The Instrument Installation Overview This chapter contains information and instructions necessary to prepare the Model 3152 for operation. Details are provided for initial inspection, grounding safety requirements, repacking instructions for storage or shipment, logical address selection and installation information.
When using test fixtures, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires that the computer lid be closed at all times during operation. Carefully read the “Safety Precautions” instructions that are supplied with your computer. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
NOTE If the instrument is to be shipped to Racal Instruments for calibration or repair, attach a tag to the instrument identifying the owner. Note the problem, symptoms, and service or repair desired. Record the model and serial number of the instrument. Show the work authorization order as well as the date and method of shipment. ALWAYS OBTAIN A RETURN AUTHORIZATION NUMBER FROM THE FACTORY BEFORE SHIPPING THE INSTRUMENT TO RACAL INSTRUMENTS.
1 0 L O G IC A L A D D R E S S S E L E C T O FF (LO G IC 0 ) M SB ON (LO G IC 1 ) LSB S1 S ID E V IE W O F S W ITC H S 1 Figure 2-1 Set The Logical Address Configuring The Instrument 2-4 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
Installation The instrument can be installed in any slot except slot 0 in a VXIbus mainframe. When inserting the instrument into the mainframe, it should be gently rocked back and forth to seat the connectors into the backplane receptacle. The ejectors will be at right angles to the front panel when the instrument is properly seated into the backplane. Use two captive screws above and below the ejectors to secure the instrument into the chassis.
This page was intentionally left blank Configuring The Instrument 2-6 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
3 Using The Instrument Overview This chapter contains information about how to operate the Model 3152. Unlike bench-type instruments, the Model 3152 must be programmed to turn on functions, change parameters and configure various operating modes. The instrument can be programmed using a set of SCPI commands. A list of SCPI commands that control the Model 3152 is given in Table 4-1. The following paragraphs describe the various modes of operation and give examples on how to program the Model 3152.
Table 3-1 Default Conditions After Power On, RESet or *RST Output State: Filter State: ECLTRG0-1: Output Trigger Source: Std. Wave Frequency: Amplitude: Output Mode: Inter-module Phase Synchronization State: Off Off Off BIT 1 MHz 5V Std. Waveforms Trigger Slope: Shared Memory State: Positive Off What To Do Now Off Operating Mode: Filter Type: TTLTRG0-7: SYNC State: Arb.
Table 3-2 Amplitude and Offset Ranges Amplitude Window Maximum Offset $1.6 V ±8 V 0 to ±7.19 V $160 mV ±800 mV 0 to 719 mV $10 mV ±80 mV 0 to 75 mV To calculate the maximum offset available for a particular amplitude setting, use the following inequality: V amplitude + * V offset * # 8 V * 800 mV * 80 mV _______ 2 Tip: If the desired amplitude/Offset setting cannot be obtained using Standard Waveforms, try generating it as an Arbitrary Waveform using WaveCAD. /* Turn the main output on.
Alternatively, if just the first parameters need to be changed, omit the commas. The other parameters will be set to the power-up default values: APPL:SQU 4e6,2 Queries can also be made on all parameters associated with a standard function using the APPL: ? query.
The command: APPLy:RAMP {,,, , ,} programs the synthesizer to output a ramp waveform with frequency, amplitude, offset, delay, rise time, and fall time parameters. The default settings for these functions are: 1 MHz, 5 Vp-p, 0 V, 0%, 10% and 10%. The command: APPLy:SINC {,,, } programs the synthesizer to output a sine(x)/x waveform with frequency, amplitude, offset, and number of cycles parameters.
The query: APPLy:? queries parameters associated with the specified function shape. Returns a string of values depending on the parameters that are available for the selected function shape. The query: APPLy? queries parameters associated with the currently selected function shape and returns a string of values depending on the parameters available for the selected function shape.
Selecting an Output Function Type Use the following command to select the output function type: FUNCtion:MODE {FIXed | USER | SEQuence} When "FIXed" is selected, the synthesizer outputs the standard waveform currently selected by the FUNC:SHAP command. When "USER" is selected, the synthesizer outputs the arbitrary waveform currently selected by the TRAC:SEL command. When "SEQuence" is selected, the synthesizer outputs the sequence that is programmed using the SEQ:DEF command.
The command: FREQuency:RASTer { | MINimum | MAXimum} sets the sample clock frequency for the user and sequenced functions. MIN selects the lowest frequency allowed for the currently active segment or sequence. MAX selects the highest frequency allowed for the currently active segment or sequence. The default sample clock frequency setting is 1 MHz for all functions. Note that the output frequency depends on the number of points specified in the waveform.
The command: VOLTage:OFFSet sets the offset for the currently active function. The default offset is 0 V. The query: VOLTage:OFFSet? queries the output offset for the currently selected function and returns a value in volts. Selecting the Filter Type Before selecting the filter type, use the following command to activate the filter: OUTPut:FILTer { OFF | ON} ON enables the filter that has been selected with the OUTP:FILT:FREQ command. The default filter state setting is OFF.
Activating the Backplane ECLTRG and TTLTRG The Model 3152 can transmit and receive signals on the VXIbus ECLTRG and TTLTRG lines. Use the following command to activate one of two backplane ECLTRG lines: OUTPut:ECLTrg { OFF | ON} designates the activated trigger line; 0 and 1 are available. ON enables the selected trigger line. The trigger source for this line can be selected with the TRIG:SOUR command. The default ECLTrg state is OFF.
Assigning the Validating Source For TTLTRG The TTLTRG signals, when enabled and placed on the backplane, can be asserted with signals coming from a number of sources. Use the following command to assign the signal source for the active TTLTRG line: OUTPut:TRIGger:SOURce {BIT | LCOMplete | INTernal | EXTernal} BIT Generates a trigger signal at any point in the waveform. The trigger position within the waveform can be programmed using the OUTPUT:SYNC:POS:POIN command.
Enabling the SYNC Output For safety reasons, the SYNC output default setting is OFF. Disable or enable the SYNC output using the following command: OUTPut:SYNC {OFF | ON} When the SYNC output state is programmed to ON, the SYNC output connector generates signals which are triggered by signals selected using the SYNC:SOUR command. In the OFF position, the SYNC connector has no output. It is connected electrically to the internal circuitry at all times.
HCLock Generates a trigger signal at intervals equal to half of the period of the sample clock. This option is useful for synchronizing two-point waveforms on an oscilloscope (sine and square waveforms above 10 MHz). The query: OUTPut:SYNC:SOURce? queries the validating signal source for the SYNC output and returns BIT, LCOM, SSYN or HCL. Selecting the SYNC Position The SYNC output can be programmed to output the SYNC signal at any point along the output waveform.
For TRIangle and SINC: Freq # 200kHz Freq > 200kHz Points = 500 Points = 100MHz Freq The equations used for generating EXPonential, GAUSian and SINC functions are as follows: For Positive EXPonential: m A A F(m) ' & % [e 7.7t &1] 2 2 Where A = Amplitude m = Current point (I..N) N = Total number of points t = Time constant set by user For Negative EXPonential: F(m) ' Ae &m 2 2 & A 2 F(m) ' Ae &m 2 2 & A 2 /t For GAUSsian: /t For SINC: m ).A R m 2.B. R Sine(2.B.
The command: PULSe:DELay sets the pulse delay in percent of the pulse period. For example, if the pulse period is 100 ms, 10% will delay the first transition of the pulse by 10 ms. Delay is measured from trigger to the first turning point. The query: PULSe:DELay? queries the pulse delay setting and returns a value in percent. The command: PULSe:TRANsition sets the pulse rise time in percent of the pulse period. For example, if the pulse period is 100 ms, 5% rise time equals 5 ms.
The query: PULSe:TRANsition:TRAiling? queries the pulse fall time setting and returns a value in percent. Selecting an Operating Mode The Model 3152 offers four operating modes: Continuous, Triggered, Gated and Burst. The selected waveform is repeated continuously when the instrument is set to operate in Continuous mode. In this mode, the Model 3152 does not require a trigger source to stimulate its output cycles. The default operating mode of the instrument is continuous.
Gated mode operates on standard waveforms, arbitrary waveforms, and on sequences of waveforms. Observe the limitations of the gating signal as listed in the specification section of this manual. To place the Model 3152 in Gated mode, use the following commands: INIT:CONT OFF TRIGger:GATE {OFF | ON} The default state for the Gated mode is OFF. Turning Gated mode ON automatically turns Burst mode off. The query: TRIGger:GATE? queries the gate state and returns "0" (OFF) or "1" (ON).
The query: TRIGger:COUNt? queries the burst count and returns an integer. Selecting the Trigger Source When an external source is not available, the operator has the option to use either the built-in trigger generator or a TTLTRG signal to stimulate its output. Use the following command to select the trigger source for the instrument: TRIGger:SOURce:ADVance {EXTernal | INTernal | TTLTrg} EXT is the default trigger source for the Model 3152.
Selecting the Trigger Slope The trigger slope command selects the sensitive edge of the trigger signal that is applied to the TRIG IN connector. The Model 3152 can be made sensitive to either positive or negative transitions. Use the following command to select the edge sensitivity for the trigger signal: TRIGger:SLOPe {POSitive | NEGative} Positive going transitions will trigger the Model 3152 when the POS option is selected.
Using the Soft Trigger There are a number of commands that are available to trigger the Model 3152. The soft trigger command is one of them. To use the soft trigger command, place the instrument in the TRIG:SOUR EXT mode. Soft trigger is ignored in the internal or TTLTrg modes. Use the following SCPI commands to trigger the instrument: TRIGger The IEEE-STD-488.2 common command *TRG will have the same effect.
Memory Management Commands Arbitrary memory can be divided into smaller segments; up to 4096 different arbitrary waveforms can be generated with the Model 3152. The length of each segment is left totally to the user’s discretion. To partition the arbitrary waveform memory, use the following command: TRACe:DEFine , Note that numbers, not names, are assigned to segments that are defined. Numbers can range from 1 through 4096.
First, define the work area. Define the segment number and its associated length. Segment length must be an even number. For example, to use segment number 8 and give it a length of 1000 points, use this command: TRACe:DEFine 8,1000 Next, make segment 8 the active segment. The active segment must be selected because as waveforms are loaded, the Model 3152 must be notified as to where to place the data it receives.
Figure 3-1 Definite Length Arbitrary Block Data Format 6-bits of data are sent to the Model 3152 although only 12 bits are required to generate the waveform. The order of bytes and bits and their values are shown in Figure 3-2.
NOTE Reversing Byte Order T h e M o d e l 3 1 5 2 o p e r a t e s i n i n t e r l a c e d mode where two memory cells generate one byte of data. Segment size can be programmed in even-numbers only and the generator can accept binary blocks of data that are multiples of 4 only. For example, 2000 bytes will be an acceptable binary block. 2002 is not a multiple of 4, therefore, the generator will automatically adjust the size to 1002 points and generate an error message.
The query: SMEMory:MODE? queries the shared memory mode and returns READ or WRITE. The command:. SMEMory:STATe {OFF | ON} places the Model 3152 in the shared memory state when ON is selected. After this, the instrument cannot accept normal commands. Data must be sent to the synthesizer using shared memory access. Normal command mode is resumed when the SMEMory:STATe is changed to OFF. The query: SMEMory:STATe? queries the shared memory state and returns "0" (OFF) or "1" (ON).
Generating Sequenced Waveforms What Are Sequenced Waveforms? Sequenced waveforms are made of a number of arbitrary waveforms which can be linked and repeated in various manners. Sequenced waveforms are generated from waveforms stored in a library of memory segments. Before using a sequence of waveforms, load arbitrary memory with the required waveforms. Use TRAC# or shared memory methods to load waveforms into memory.
Figure 3-4 Sine Waveform Loaded Into Segment 2 Figure 3-5 Pulse Waveform Loaded Into Segment 3 Using The Instrument 3-27 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
Figure 3-6 shows a sequence of waveforms that were stored in three different memory segments. Note that segment number 2 is generated first and repeated twice, segment 3 follows once and then segment 1 is repeated four times. Sequence Commands The following is an overview of how to define and program a sequence of arbitrary waveforms. Figure 3-6 Sequenced Waveforms - Continuous Advance Mode A sequence is made of steps. A step can stand on its own or link to another step.
Use this command up to 4095 times, each time for a different step and for a different segment number and repeat combination. Note that the same segment number can be used for different sequence steps. The SEQ:DEF command does not change the FUNC:MODE setting. Unless the FUNC:MODE SEQ command is used, the SEQ:DEF command will have no immediate effect on the output waveform or function. The sequence generator goes through the steps in descending order.
Figure 3-7 Sequenced Waveforms - Triggered Advance Mode Triggered Sequence Advance Commands Placing the Model 3152 in Triggered Sequence Advance mode is done in Triggered mode only. First, prepare the sequence of waveforms using the commands that were explained before. Second, place the instrument in Triggered mode using the INIT:CONT OFF command.
Backplane InterModule Synchronization Although multiple Model 3152s within one chassis run off a common clock (CLK10), their outputs are not synchronized to each other. If the same waveform length and clock rates for two modules are selected and both are displayed on an oscilloscope, the outputs may look as though they are synchronized even though they are not. The waveforms may not start at the same point along the waveform.
The sample clock rate has no effect on phase offset accuracy. However, when trying to synchronize modules that are programmed to output waveforms with few memory points, a ±1 count error between modules may be seen. To remove this error, use the following command: PHASe[1]:LOCK:NULL CAUTION The PHASe:NULL command toggles between removing one count and adding one count. Therefore, if there was no error, sending this command may add a 1 count error.
NOTE Phase offset resolution depends on the number of waveform samples. For instance, if you have 1000 waveform samples, there is no problem with adjusting the phase offset in 1E E increments (360E E / 1000 < 1). As another example, if you have only 10 waveform samples, the best phase offset increments are only 36E E (360E E / 10 = 36E E). There is a special fine adjustment for phase offset with a 36E range. This adjustment is useful in places where a 36E gap is too wide.
PHASe2:LOCK? queries the PLL’s state. It returns a “0” (OFF) or “1” (ON). PHASe2:ADJust? queries the PLL offset. It returns a value in degrees. PHASe2:FINE? queries the PLL’s fine offset. It returns a value in degrees. Using the Frequency Counter In PLL mode, the Model 3152 uses an autoranging counter circuit to measure frequencies of reference signals at the trigger input. This built-in counter is made available to you as long as the signal at the trigger input is valid and the PLL ON LED illuminates.
The PM IN is sensitive to voltage levels. Applying 1 V to this input generates a phase offset of 20E. Likewise, applying -1 V to this input generates a phase offset of -20E. You may apply 20 V to this input and generate a phase offset of 400E. The applied frequency range is dc to 10 KHz, depending on the lock frequency and the number of waveform samples. Amplitude Modulation Commands Arbitrary waveforms stored in memory segments are used as modulating envelopes in Amplitude Modulation mode.
System-Related Commands System-related commands are used to place the instrument in a known state, clear the instrument to its defaults, or to query the generator for its errors or identity. The following is an overview of the system-related commands. The query: SYSTem:ERRor? reads one error from the error queue. A record of up to 30 errors can be stored in the generator's error queue. Errors are retrieved in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. The first error returned is the first error that was stored.
The query: *OPT? queries the waveform memory length installed in the 3152. The response is “0” for 64K and “1" for 256K or 512K. Using The Instrument 3-37 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
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4 SCPI Command Reference What’s In This Chapter This chapter contains reference information for programming the Model 3152. Standard Commands For Programmable Instruments (SCPI) convention rules and syntax are explained in detail. Table 4-1 lists all SCPI commands used for programming the Model 3152. The command summary for each SCPI model is also included in this chapter. This chapter teaches you how to use SCPI commands to control functions, modes, waveforms and other aspects of the instrument.
Part of the OUTPut subsystem is shown below to illustrate the tree system: OUTPut :FILTer [:LPASs] :FREQuency {20MHz|25MHz|50MHz} [:STATe] OFF|ON [:STATe] OFF|ON OUTPut is the root keyword of the command; FILTer and STATe are second level keywords. FREQuency and STATe are third level keywords. A colon ( : ) separates a command keyword from a lower level keyword.
A semicolon ( ; ) is used to separate commands within the same subsystem, and can also minimize typing. For example, sending the following command string: TRIG:SOUR:ADV INT;BURS ON;INT:RATE 5e-3 is the same as sending the following three commands: TRIG:SOUR:ADV INT TRIG:BURS ON TRIG:INT:RATE 5e-3 Use the colon and semicolon to link commands from different subsystems. For example, in the following command string, an error is generated if both the colon and the semicolon are not used.
IEEE-STD-488.2 Common Commands The IEEE-STD-488.2 standard defines a set of common commands that perform functions like reset, trigger and status operations. Common commands begin with an asterisk ( * ), are four to five characters in length, and may include one or more parameters. The command keyword is separated from the first parameter by a blank space.
Arbitrary Block Parameters Arbitrary block parameters are used for loading waveforms into the synthesizer's memory. Depending on which option is installed, the Model 3152 can accept binary blocks up to 1046576 bytes. The following command uses an arbitrary block parameter that is loaded as binary data: TRAC:DATA#564000 SCPI Command Summary Table 4-1 summarizes the complete SCPI command tree available to program the synthesizer over the GPIB.
Table 4-1 VXIbus Model 3152 SCPI Commands List Summary Keyword :FORMat :BORDer :OUTPut [:STATe] :FILTer [:LPASs] :FREQuency [:STATe] :ECLTrg [:STATe] :TRIGger :SOURce :TTLTrg [:STATe] :SYNC :SOURce [:STATe] :POSition [:POINt] [:POINt] [:SOURce] :APPLy :SINusoid :TRIangle :SQUare :PULSe :RAMP :SINC :GAUSsian :EXPonential :DC :USER :FREQuency [:CW] :RASTer :SOURce :EXTernal? :VOLTage [:LEVel] [:IMMediate] [:AMPLitude] :OFFSet :FUNCtion :MODE :SHAPe :SINusoid :PHASe :POWer :TRIangle :PHASe :POWer :SQUare
Keyword Parameter Form (Default in Bold) :RAMP :DELay :TRANsition [:LEADing] :TRAiling :SINC :NCYCle :GAUSsian :EXPonent :EXPonential :EXPonent :DC [:VOLTage] [:IMMediate] [:AMPLitude] :AM [:DEPTh] :INTernal :FREQuency [:EXECute] :PHASe[1] :LOCK [:STATe] :NULL :ADJust :SOURCe :PHASe2 :LOCK [:STATe] :ADJust :FINE :SEQuence :ADVance :DEFine :DELete [:NAME] :ALL :RESet :SYSTem :ERRor? :VERSion? (10;0;99.9) (10;0;99.9) (10;0;99.
Common Commands :SMEMory :MODE [:STATe] :TEST [:ALL]? *CLS *ESE *OPC *RST *SRE *TRG *ESE? *ESR? *IDN? *OPC? *SRE? *STB? *TST? Parameter Form (Default in Bold) READ | WRITe OFF | ON (0;0;255) (0;0;255) Output Configuration Command Summary IEEE-STD-488.
FREQuency:RASTer:SOURce? FREQuency:EXTernal? VOLTage {| MINimum | MAXimum} VOLTage? VOLTage:OFFSet VOLTage:OFFSet? OUTPut: FILTer:FREQuency {20MHz | 25MHz | 50MHz} FILTer:FREQuency? FILTer {OFF | ON} FILTer? [STATe] {OFF | ON} [STATe] SOURce? SYNC:SOURce {BIT | LCOMplete | SSYNc | HCLock} SYNC:POSition SYNC:SOURce? SYNC[:STATe] {OFF | ON} SYNC[:STATe]? ECLTrg{OFF | ON} TTLTrg{OFF | ON} TRIGger:SOURce {BIT | LCOMplete | INTernal | External} (10.0E-3,16.0,5.00) (-7.19,7.
Standard Waveform Command Summary The Standard Waveform Commands control the various parameters of the standard output functions. Optional modes are omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable. The Standard Waveforms parameters could be used for the APPLy command.
Arbitrary Waveform, Sequence, and Shared Memory Command Summary Arbitrary Waveform commands allow the definition of segments and their corresponding lengths, addition and deletion of segments, and the loading waveform data. Sequence commands control which segments are linked and the number of times each segment is repeated. The shared memory commands place the Model 3152 in a special data transfer mode where the Model 3152's messagebased interface is bypassed and data is loaded directly from the VXIbus.
Trigger Command Summary The Trigger commands control the trigger modes of the Model 3152. The Model 3152 can be placed in Triggered, Gated or Burst mode. Trigger source is selectable from an external source, internal trigger generator, backplane TTLTrg 0-7, and software trigger. Optional modes are omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable.
The commands are presented exactly as they should be typed in your program. Optional nodes were omitted from these commands. Factory defaults after *RST or front panel reset are shown in bold typeface. Parameter low and high limits are given where applicable. Command and Parameters PHASe2:LOCK {OFF | ON} PHASe2:ADJust PHASe2:FINE Low Limit High Limit -180 180 -36.00 36.00 Default OFF 0 0 PHAS2:FINE adjustment is always relative to the PHAS2:ADJ setting.
The following is a complete listing of all common commands and queries which are used in the Model 3152. *CLS - Clear the Status Byte summary register and all event registers. *ESE - Enable bits in the Standard Event enable register. The selected bits are then reported to the status byte. *ESE? - Query the Standard Event enable register. The synthesizer returns a decimal value which corresponds to the binary-weighted sum of all bits set in the register.
*SRE? - Query the Status Byte enable register. The synthesizer returns a decimal value in the range of 0 to 63 or 128 to 191 since bit 6 (RSQ) cannot be set. The binary-weighted sum of the number represents the value of the bits of the Service Request enable register. *STB? - Query the Status Byte summary register. The *STB? command is similar to a serial poll but is processed like any other instrument command.
An Event Register defines which bits in the corresponding event register are logically ORed together to form a single summary bit. The user can read from and write to an Enable Register. Querying an Enable Register will not clear it. The *CLS command does not clear Enable Registers but it does clear bits in the event registers. To enable bits in an enable register, write a decimal value that corresponds to the binary-weighted sum of the bits required to enable in the register.
Figure 4-1 SCPI Status Registers SCPI Command Reference 4-17 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
The Status Byte Register (STB) The Status Byte summary register contains conditions from the other registers. Query data waiting in the synthesizer's output buffer is immediately reported through the Message Available bit (bit 4). Bits in the summary register are not latched. Clearing an event register will clear the corresponding bits in the Status Byte summary register. Description of the various bits within the Status Byte summary register is given in the following: Bit 0 - Decimal value 1.
Service Request Enable Register (SRE) The Service Request enable register is an 8-bit register that enables corresponding summary messages in the Status Byte Register. Thus, the application programmer can select reasons for the synthesizer to issue a service request by altering the contents of the Service Request Enable Register. The Service Request Enable Register is read with the *SRE? common query.
Bit 3 - Device Dependent Error. This bit is set when an error in a device function occurs. For example, the following command will cause a DDE error: VOLTage 7.25;:VOLTage:OFFSet 4.1 Both of the above parameters are legal and within the specified limits, however, the synthesizer is unable to generate such an amplitude and offset combination. Bit 4 - Execution Error. This bit is generated if the parameter following the command is outside of the legal input range of the synthesizer. Bit 5 - Command Error.
Error Messages In general, whenever the Model 3152 receives an invalid SCPI command, it automatically generates an error. Errors are stored in a special error queue and may be retrieved from this buffer one at a time. Errors are retrieved in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. The first error returned is the first error that was stored. When you have read all errors from the queue, the synthesizer responds with a 0,"No error" message.
-148,"Character data not allowed". A character data element was encountered where prohibited by the instrument. -200,"Execution error". This is the generic syntax error for the instrument when it cannot detect more specific errors. Execution error as defined in IEEE-488.2 has occurred. -221,"Setting conflict". Two conflicting parameters were received which cannot be executed without generating an error. An offset value which is outside the amplitude level window may have been sent. -222,"Data out of range".
5 Maintenance and Performance Checks This chapter provides maintenance, service information, performance tests, and the information necessary to adjust and troubleshoot the Model 3152 Waveform Synthesizer. What’s in This Chapter WARNING The procedures described in this section are for use only by qualified service personnel.
Special Handling of Static Sensitive Devices Cleaning Repair and Replacement MOS devices are designed to operate at very high impedance levels for low power consumption. As a result, any normal static charge that builds up on your person or clothing may be sufficient to destroy these devices if they are not handled properly. When handling such devices, use precaution to avoid damaging them as described below: 1.
Performance Checks 2. Keep the soldering iron in contact with the PC board for a minimum time to avoid damage to the components or printed conductors. 3. To desolder components, use a commercial "solder sucker" or a solder-removing SOLDER - WICK, size 3. 4. Always replace a component with an exact duplicate as specified in the parts list. The following performance checks verify proper operation of the instrument and should normally be used: 1.
Recommended Test Equipment Recommended test equipment for troubleshooting, calibration and performance checking is listed below. Test instruments other than those listed may be used only if their specifications equal or exceed the required characteristics.
3. Connect the Model 3152 output to the counter’s input. Change the frequency setting as required for the test and verify the reading on the counter display as follows: 3152 SETTING COUNTER READING 10.00000 Hz 9.999000 Hz - 10.00100 Hz 100.0000 Hz 99.99000 Hz - 100.0100 Hz 1.000000 KHz 999.9000 Hz - 1.000100 KHz 10.00000 KHz 9.999000 KHz - 10.00100 KHz 100.0000 KHz 99.99000 KHz - 100.0100 KHz 1.000000 KHz 999.9000 KHz - 1.000100 KHz 10.00000 MHz 9.999000 MHz - 10.00100 MHz 50.00000 MHz 49.99500 MHz - 50.
Equipment: DMM, 50S feedthrough termination 1. Configure the Model 3152 as follows: Function: Sine Frequency: 1.000 MHz Amplitude: 1.61 V Remote Commands: :RES :OUTP ON :FUNC SIN :FREQ 1e6 :VOLT 1.61 :VOLT:OFFS 5 2. Set the DMM to DCV measurements 3. Connect the Model 3152 output to the DMM input. Terminate the output with a 50S feedthrough termination. Set the Model 3152 offset and verify the DMM reading as follows: OFFS SETTING ±5.000 V DMM READING ±5.070 V to ±4.930 V 4.
2. Connect the Model 3152 output to the oscilloscope input. Use the 20 dB attenuator and set the oscilloscope input impedance to 50S. 3. Set the oscilloscope and verify that the rise and fall times are less than 6 ns. Verify that overshoot and ringing are less than 5% of amplitude. Sine Characteristics Specified Total Harmonic Distortion: <0.1% from 10.00Hz to 100.0KHz (with a 4000 point waveform).
Revised 7/25/00 4. Tune the spectrum analyzer to the carrier frequency and adjust the gain so the fundamental corresponds to 0 dB. 5. Connect the Model 3152 output to spectrum analyzer input through a 20dB feedthrough attenuator. 6. Set the Model 3152 FREQ setting and verify the harmonic distortions levels as follows: FREQ SETTING HARMONICS LEVEL 5.000 MHz 50.00 MHz Sine Flatness <50 dB <28 dB Level Flatness: ±1% to 1.000 MHz; ±5% to 10.00 MHz; ±15% to 50.00 MHz Equipment: Oscilloscope 1.
Gated - External signal at the TRIG IN connector enables the Model 3152 output. The last cycle of the output waveform is always completed. Burst - Each transition at the front panel TRIG IN connector stimulates the Model 3152 to generate a burst of pre-selected number of cycles. Equipment: Pulse/function generator (8021), oscilloscope. Trigger 1. Configure the Model 3152 as follows: Function: Sine wave Frequency: 1.
Burst 1. Configure the Model 3152 as follows: Function: Frequency: Operating Mode: Remote Commands: 2. PLL Characteristics Sine wave 1.000 KHz Burst :RES :OUTP ON :FREQ 10e3 :INIT:CONT OFF :BURST:STAT ON :TRIG:COUN 10 Set the oscilloscope and verify that the Model 3152 outputs a burst of 10 complete output waveforms. Remove the external pulse generator connection from the Model 3152 for the next test. Accuracy: 5.
4. Set Pulse/Function generator to output 2 Vp-p square waveforms. Change 3152 and Pulse/Function generator frequency and verify counter phase readings as shown below. 3152 FREQ. PULSE GENERATOR SETTING FREQ. SETTING COUNTER READING 10.00 MHz 10.00 MHz 0E ±77E 1.000 MHz 1.000 MHz 0E ±12.2E 100.0 KHz 100.0 KHz 0E ±5.72E 10.00 KHz 10.00 KHz 0E ±5E 5. Change the Model 3152 PHAS2:ADJ setting to 180E.
8. Change the Model 3152 PHAS2:ADJ setting to 0E and PHAS2:FINE setting to 36E. Verify counter phase readings as shown below. Note the exact phase reading. 3152 FREQ. PULSE GENERATOR SETTING FREQ. SETTING COUNTER READING 10.00 KHz 10.00 KHz Recorded result from step 7 +36E ±0.36E Adjustments Environmental Conditions Adjustments should be performed under laboratory conditions having an ambient temperature of 24oC ±2oC and relative humidity of less than 70%.
NOTE Pulse Response Adjustment If not otherwise specified, configure the instrument to factory defaults before each adjustment by sending the *RST command. Always connect the output BNC connector through a 50S S feedthrough termination. Equipment: Oscilloscope (2465B), 20dB Attenuator 1. Configure the Model 3152 as follows: Function: Square Frequency: 1 MHz Amplitude: 10 V Remote Commands: :RES :OUTP ON :FUNC:SHAP SQU :FREQ 1e6 :VOLT 10 2.
Amplitude Adjustment Equipment: DMM, 50S feedthrough termination 1. Configure the Model 3152 as follows: Function: Sine Frequency: 1 KHz Amplitude: 16 V Remote Commands: :RES :OUTP ON :FREQ 1E3 :VOLT 16 2. Connect the Model 3152 output to the DMM input through the 50S feedthrough termination. Set the DMM to AC Volt measurements and 2 V range. 3. Adjust R44 until the DMM reading is 5.657 V ±20 mV. 4. Change the Model 3152 amplitude setting to 2.0 V. 5. Adjust R44 until the DMM reading is 1.803V ±6 mV. 6.
VCO Adjustment Equipment: DMM 1. Configure the Model 3152 as follows: Function: Sinewave Output: On Remote Commands: :RES 2. Connect the DMM “V” input to U515 pin 1 and the DMM “Common” input to case ground. Set the DMM to DCV measurements. 3. Adjust R536 until the DMM reading is 0 V ±500 mV. Revised 5/99 PLL Adjustment Equipment: Oscilloscope, Counter, Pulse/Function Generator, Feedthrough Terminator, 3 each BNC Cables, 50S “T” Connector 1.
2. Make the following connections: a. Connect function generator output to the input of the 50S “T”Connector. b. Connect one end of the 50S “T” Connector to the 3152 TRIG IN and the other end to the counter Channel A input. c. Connect the 3152 OUT to the counter Channel B input. 3. Set counter to phase measurement. Terminate counter inputs with 50S. 4. Set Pulse/Function generator to output a 2 Vp-p, 10KHz square waveform. 5. Adjust R535 for a counter reading of 45E ±3E.
The troubleshooting procedure should also be initiated whenever the synthesizer fails to perform either completely or partially. It is also required to troubleshoot the Model 3152 whenever the instrument fails to fully comply with its published specifications. The information given in the following does not intend to replace full scale troubleshooting, but merely to direct the Service Technician to the area were the source of the trouble is located.
Problems in the CPU and the digital circuit may cause a complete malfunction of the entire instrument. The CPU would not start generating control signals. This makes it impossible to troubleshoot the remaining circuits. Check the various components associated with the CPU circuitry, its clocks, and the components associated with the VXI ASIC using the information given in Table 5-1.
7 8 9 Change amplitude setting to 1.61V and offset setting to 7V U8, pin 1 Approximately -320 mV U8, pin 7 Approximately -2 V Maintenance and Performance Checks 5-19 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
Clock Synthesizer Checkout Problems with the clock synthesizer circuits can be detected if the Model 3152 accepts word serial commands and responds correctly to word serial queries, but fails to output the correct waveform frequency. If there is a problem with the clock synthesizer circuit, proceed with the checkout procedure given in Table 5-3. Before you start with the following procedure, reset the 3152 to the factory default using the *RST command and change frequency setting to 1 MHz.
Sequence Generator Checkout Problems with the sequence generator circuits can be detected if the Model 3152 accepts word serial commands and responds correctly to word serial queries, but fails to output sequences or bursts. If there is a problem with the sequence generator circuits, proceed with the checkout procedure given in Table 5-4. Before starting the following procedure, reset the Model 3152 to the factory default using the *RST command.
The next checkout is done on the Model 3152 configured to operate in burst mode with 5 bursts. Use the following command to configure the Model 3152: Remote Commands: :FUNC:MODE USER :TRAC:SEL 1 :INIT:CONT OFF :TRIG:BURS: ON :TRIG:COUN 5 :OUTP ON Connect an external trigger source to the front panel TRIG IN connector. Set external trigger frequency to 1 KHz. Proceed with the checkout procedure given in Table 5-5.
Engine Board Circuit Checkout As described in the paragraph Main Board Circuit Checkout, the Model 3152 is made of two boards. If the engine board is removed from the main board, reinstall it before continuing with the following checks. The following circuit checks are performed on the engine board only. Engine Board The “engine board” is the analog heart of the Mode 3152. It contains the waveform memory circuit, high frequency clock drives, and circuitry that drives the D/A converter.
Change the Model 3152 setting to triggered. Use an external pulse generator to apply a TTL level, 200 KHz signal to the TRIG IN connector. Proceed with the checks given in Table 5-7b.
A Specifications VXIbus General Information Module Form Connectors Protocol VXIbus Revision SCPI Revision Logical Address Settings Interrupt Level Settings Shared Memory Single slot VXIbus C-size module P1, P2 A16/A24/D16 Slave, Message-Based 1.4 1993.0 1 - 255, configured via DIP switches 1 - 7, configured dynamically (no DIP switch) A24, D16, 64K points. Expandable to 512K points Note: 1 point = 2 bytes, shared memory is the same as waveform memory.
Triggering Characteristics Trigger Input Impedance Level Resolution Sensitivity Accuracy Maximum Input Voltage Minimum Pulse Width Slope 1 k6, ±5% ±10 V 10 mV 100 mV rms ±(5% of level + 150 mV) 30 V rms 20 ns Positive or negative going edges, programmable Modes Normal Continuous waveform is generated Triggered Each input cycle generates a single output cycle Internal Trigger An internal timer repeatedly generates a single output cycle Gated External signal enables generator.
Internal System Delay Internal programmable rate generator From External Trigger input to Waveform Output Standard Waveforms 120ns + 2 sample clock periods ± 1 sample clock period Arbitrary Waveforms 150ns + 2 sample clock periods ± 1 sample clock period External Input from: 1) Front panel BNC, TTL compatible, positive slope 2) TTLTRG0-7, Synchronous Protocol, negative slope, VXIbus TTLTRG trigger acceptor requirements: Minimum pulse width (logic low - asserted) : 20 ns, Minimum pulse width (logic
Output On Green - Output On/Off Front Panel Input/Output Connectors Main Output Signal Output (BNC) Marker/Sync Output Marker/Sync Output (BNC) Trigger Input External Trigger Source Input (BNC) Sample Frequency Input Sample Frequency Input (BNC) PM Input Phase control Input (BNC) Power VXIbus Rail Peak Current Dynamic Current +24 V < 250 mA < 250 mA +12 V < 100 mA < 100 mA +5 V <3A < 150 mA -5.
Pressure (for 10 oC rise) 0.5 mm H20 Environmental Operating Temperature 0o C - 55o C Storage Temperature -40oC - +70oC Humidity (non-condensing) 11o C - 30o C 31o C - 40o C 41o C - 50o C 95% +5% 75% +5% 45% +5% Altitude Operating 10000 ft Storage 15000ft Vibration 5 - 55 Hz sine (2g at 55 Hz), non-operating Shock 30g 11 ms half sine pulse, non-operating Bench Handling 4”, any face, wooden surface, non-operating Designed to meet IEC 1010-1, UL 3111-1, CSA 22.
Range 0 to ±7.190 V within ±8 V window 0 to ±719.0 mV within ±800 mV window 0 to ±71.
Triangle Frequency Range 100 µHz to 1 MHz, usable to 10 MHz Adjustable Parameters Start Phase 0 to 360° Power 1 to 9 Square Frequency Range 100 µHz to 50 MHz Adjustable Parameters Duty Cycle 1% to 50% Pulse/Ramp Frequency Range 100 µHz to 1 MHz Adjustable Parameters Delay 0% to 99.9% of period Rise Time 0% to 99.9% of period High Time 0% to 99.9% of period Fall Time 0% to 99.
1% to 100% of amplitude Range Arbitrary Waveforms Waveform Memory 64k (256K or 512K) optional) points Memory Segmentation Number of Segments 1 to 4096 Min Segment Size 10 point Vertical Resolution 12 bits (4096 points) Sampling Clock Source Internal synthesizer, external clock, ECLTRG0 Range Internal 100 mHz to 100 MHz External To 100 MHz Internal Reference 10 MHz, fixed internal crystal clock frequency Resolution 7 digits Accuracy Same as frequency standard Stability Same as frequenc
Accuracy Same as frequency standard Stability Same as frequency standard PLL Characteristics Operation Automatically locks to external signal PLL Input Characteristics Same as TRIG IN External Lock Frequency Range 500 Hz to 200 kHz; frequency setting 500 Hz to 200 Standard Waveforms KHz; 500 Hz to same value as internal frequency setting, 200 kHz to 10 MHz. See graph below. Ext. Lock Frequency 10MHz 200KHz Std.
Max. Lock Frequency 10MHz 500Hz Waveform Samples 10 200,000 Coarse Phase Offset Control Range ±180% Resolution Std. Waveforms 0.72%, frequency setting from 500 Hz to 200 kHz; 360% x frequency (in MHz) / 100, frequency setting from 200 KHz to 10 MHz Arbitrary Waveforms Accuracy 360% / waveform samples 5.4 x frequency (in MHz) + resolution / 2 ±5% Fine Phase Offset Control Range ±36% around coarse phase offset setting Resolution 0.
PM Input Bandwidth 10KHz 1KHz 100MHz _______ Ext. Freq. 100Hz 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 PM Input Impedance 100 K6, ±5% Sensitivity 20%/V, typical Accuracy ±30% Specifications A-11 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
This page was intentionally left blank Specifications A-12 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.
Racal Instruments REPAIR AND CALIBRATION REQUEST FORM To allow us to better understand your repair requests, we suggest you use the following outline when calling and include a copy with your instrument to be sent to the Racal Repair Facility. Model Serial No. Date Company Name Purchase Order # Billing Address City State/Province Zip/Postal Code Country Shipping Address City State/Province Technical Contact Purchasing Contact Zip/Postal Code Phone Number ( Phone Number ( Country ) ) 1.
Support Offices Racal Instruments, Inc. 4 Goodyear Street Irvine, CA 92718-2002 Phone: 1-714-859-8999 1-800-RACAL-ATE 1-800-722-2528 FAX: 1-714-849-2505 Racal Instruments Ltd 480 Bath Road Slough, Berkshire SL1 6BE, England Phone: +44 (0) 1628 604455 FAX: +44 (0) 1628 662017 Racal Systems Electronique s.a.
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