10.2

Controlling space before and after paragraphs
Space Before and Space After controls let you specify the amount of space before and
after selected paragraphs.
To set the space before and after selected paragraphs, do one of the following things:
• (Windows only): Choose Style > Formats, then enter values in the Space Before or
Space After fields.
• Use the Space Before Paragraph and Space After Paragraph controls in the
Paragraph/Paragraph Attributes tab of the Measurements palette.
Setting tabs
You can choose from six kinds of tab stops:
• Left aligns text flush left on the tab stop.
• Center aligns text centrally on that tab stop.
• Right aligns text flush right on the tab stop.
• Decimal aligns text on a decimal point (period).
• Comma aligns text on a first comma.
• Align On aligns text on any character you specify. When you select this tab, the Align
On field displays. Select the existing entry, and enter the character to align on.
If you do not set custom tabs, the application sets default left-aligned tabs every
half-inch.
You can apply tabs to selected paragraphs in the following ways:
• (Windows only): Use the controls in the Tabs tab of the Paragraph Attributes dialog
box (Style > Tabs).
• Use the controls in the Tabs tab of the Measurements palette. Using the Measurements
palette conserves screen space, and you continuously see the effects updated as you
change tab settings. You can drag tab icons to the ruler or drag tab icons directly into
text. When you are dragging tabs to the ruler or to text, a vertical line displays on
screen to help you decide where to position the tab.
Controlling widow and orphan lines
Widows and orphans are two kinds of typographically undesirable lines. Traditionally,
a widow is defined as the last line of a paragraph that falls at the top of a column. An
orphan is the first line of a paragraph that falls at the bottom of a column.
Using the Keep Lines Together feature, you can choose not to break paragraphs, so
that if all the lines in a paragraph do not fit in a column or on a page, the whole
paragraph will flow to the top of the next column or page. Alternatively, you can
specify the number of lines that must be left at the bottom of a column or box, and
at the top of the following column or box, when a paragraph is broken. Using the
Keep with Next ¶ feature, you can keep a paragraph together with the paragraph that
follows it. This lets you keep a subhead together with the paragraph that follows it, or
keep other lines of text that logically go together from being separated.
A GUIDE TO QUARKXPRESS 10.2 | 111
TEXT AND TYPOGRAPHY