8.5

default value for both scales is 75% (range = 0 to 100%, measurement system = percentage,
smallest increment = .1).
• Use the Superior area to control the scale of superior characters. The VScale value
determines the vertical size of the character and is measured as a percentage of font size.
The HScale value determines width and is measured as a percentage of the normal character
width (as specified by the font designer). The default value for both scales is 60% (range =
0 to 100%, measurement system = percentage, smallest increment = .1).
• Use the Ligatures area to use ligatures built into a font. A ligature is a typographic
convention in which certain characters are combined into a single glyph. Most fonts
contain ligatures for the characters "f" followed by "i" and "f" followed by "l". The Break
Above field enables you to specify the kerning or tracking value (measured in 1/200 em
space increments) above which characters will not be combined into ligatures. For example,
a headline with a large tracking value would probably not contain ligatures. The default
value is 1 (range = 0 to 10, measurement system = .005 [1/200] em space, smallest
increment = .001). To prevent the second two letters in "ffi" and "ffl" (as in office and
waffle) from being combined into ligatures, check Not "ffi" or "ffl". Three-character ligatures
for these combinations, common in traditional typesetting systems, are not standardized
in fonts designed for Mac OS, so some typographers prefer to keep all three letters separate
rather than combine only two of them. Note that many PostScript fonts do not have "ffi"
and "ffl" ligatures, but most OpenType fonts do. This option is unchecked by default.
• Check Auto Kern Above to specify that the application should use kerning tables, which
are built into most fonts, to control intercharacter spacing. The Auto Kern Above field
enables you to specify the point size above which automatic kerning must be used. The
Auto Kern Above feature also implements custom tracking information specified in the
Tracking Values dialog box for a selected font (Utilities > Edit Tracking). This option is
checked by default, with a 4-point threshold (range = 0 to 72 pt, measurement system =
various [", pt, cm, etc.], smallest increment = .001).
• Check Standard Em Space to specify an em-space equivalent to the point size of the text
(for example, 24pt text has a 24pt em space). If Standard Em Space is unchecked, the
application uses the width of the two zeros in the current font as the em-space width. This
option is checked by default. You can insert an em space in text by pressing
Option+space/Ctrl+Shift+6.
• Use the Flex Space Width field to change the 50% default width of a flexible space. To
create a breaking flexible space, press Option+Shift+space/Ctrl+Shift+5; to create a
nonbreaking flexible space, press Command+Option+Shift+space/Ctrl+Alt+Shift+5. The
Flex Space Width value is expressed as a percentage of the normal en space for a given
font and font size (range = 0 to 400%, measurement system = percentage, smallest
increment = .1).
• Use the Accents for All Caps check box to specify whether to include accent marks on
accented characters with the All Caps type style applied. This option is checked by default.
• Use the Space between CJK & R field to indicate how much space should be included by
default between a Chinese, Japanese, or Korean character and an adjacent Roman character.
34 | A GUIDE TO QUARKXPRESS SERVER 8.5
THE QUARKXPRESS SERVER USER INTERFACE