Prudent Digital X-Ray Detector : Users Manual : Page 53

Install & Service Manual AT-SM-04

Prudent │ Flat-panel Digital X-ray Detector Rev.1.0.8

4) Dosimetry

Table 2 summarizes the key dosimetry parameters for the four types of radiographic examination

for patients ranging from newborn to the adult. In each cell, the first value is the entrance skin air

kerma(free-in-air) in u㏉. The second term gives the energy imparted to the patient, expressed in

uJ. In parentheses on the second line are the corresponding values of patient effective dose in uSv.

Table 2

Age

Head

100 µ㏉/78.2µJ

(10 µ㏜)

Newborn Chest

77 µ㏉/66µJ

(19 µ㏜)

Abdomen

100 µ㏉/140µJ

(62 µ㏜)

Extremity

(Forearm)

NA

1-yr-old

120 µ㏉/165µJ

(7.3 µ㏜)

96 µ㏉/160µJ

(16 µ㏜)

230 µ㏉/580µJ

(90 µ㏜)

130 µ㏉/9.5µJ

(0.21 µ㏜)

5-yr-old

140 µ㏉/260µJ

(5.9 µ㏜)

110 µ㏉/340µJ

(18 µ㏜)

320 µ㏉/1500µJ

(120 µ㏜)

160 µ㏉/44µJ

(0.5 µ㏜)

10-yr-old

150 µ㏉/320µJ

(4.3 µ㏜)

190 µ㏉/1100µJ

(33 µ㏜)

420 µ㏉/3300µJ

(160 µ㏜)

200 µ㏉/130µJ

(0.87 µ㏜)

15-yr-old

150 µ㏉/400µJ

(3.1 µ㏜)

280 µ㏉/2100µJ

(36 µ㏜)

550 µ㏉/5100µJ

(140 µ㏜)

220 µ㏉/240µJ

(0.92 µ㏜)

Adult

1100 µ㏉/3200µJ

(19 µ㏜)

150 µ㏉/2500µJ

(34 µ㏜)

1100 µ㏉/13000µJ

(290 µ㏜)

300 µ㏉/360µJ

(1.1 µ㏜)

5) Other References for Pediatric Dosimetry

1. Size measurements are based on approximate mean values (averaged across males and females)

from: McDowell, M.A.,C.D.Fryar, C.L. Ogden, and K.M.Flegal. 2008. Anthropomorphic Reference Data

for Children and Adults, United States, 2003-2006. National Health Statistics Reports, 10, 1-48.

Available for download at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/hsr010.pdf. The weight given for the

neonate subgroup is lower than the average to ensure that a broad range of sizes is adequately

covered.

2. These suggested subgroups fall within the age groups identified in the guidance entitled

“premarket Assessment of Pediatric Medical Devices”

(http://www.fad.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocum

ents/UCM089742.PDF): neonate(birth-1 month), infant(1 month-2 yrs.) child(2-12 yrs),

adolescent(12-21 yrs). For design and evaluation of radiological devices, patient size(i.e. height,

weight, thickness) is a better indicator.

3. Based on reports of the lifetime incidence of cancer vs. age of exposure data, these pediatric

subgroups defined by the Agency cover the region where the largest age dependence is expected

for cancer risk. Risk decreases much less steeply as a function of age for individuals over 21years

old. [See NAS National Research Council Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low