Users Manual

Install & Service Manual AT-SM-04
Prudent │ Flat-panel Digital X-ray Detector Rev.1.0.8
ⓒ 2020. PIXXGEN Corporation. All rights reserved. -52-
Appendix – Guidelines for Pediatric Subjects
1) Positioning the pediatric patient
Pediatric patients are not as likely as adults to understand the need to remain still during the
procedure. Therefore it makes sense to provide aids to maintaining stable positioning. It is
strongly recommended the use of immobilizing devices such as bean bags and restraint
systems(foam wedges, adhesive tapes, etc.) to avoid the need of repeating exposures due to the
movement of the pediatric patients. Whenever possible use techniques based on the lowest
exposure times.
2) Shielding
We recommend you provide extra shielding of radiosensitive organs or tissues such as eyes,
gonads and thyroid glands. Applying a correct collimation will help to protect the patient against
excessive radiation as well. Please review the following scientific literature regarding pediatric
radiosensitivity: GROSSMAN, Herman. “Radiation Protection in Diagnostic Radiography of
Children”. Pediatric Radiology, Vol. 51, (No.1): 141-144, January, 1973:
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/51/1/141.
3) Technique factors
You should take steps to reduce technique factors to the lowest possible levels consistent with
good image acquisition. For example if your adult abdomen settings are: 70-85KVp, 200-400mA,
15-80mAs, consider starting at 65-75KVp, 100-160mA, 2.5-10mAs for a pediatric patient.
Whenever possible use high KVp techniques and large SID(Source Image Distance).
Table 1 below can be used to estimate technique factors for various body builds. As the patient
size increases, the KVp generally increases. Also depicted in Table 1 are the corresponding values
of x-ray beam cross-sectional area and the estimated patient thickness in terms of water
equivalence. Table 1
Age
Head
Chest
Abdomen
Extremity
(Forearm)
Newborn
67 KVp/2.0 mAs
(110㎠/9.0㎝)
60 KVp/2.0 mAs
(140㎠/8.0㎝)
66 KVp/2.0 mAs
(200㎠/10㎝)
N/A
1-yr-old
72 KVp/2.0 mAs
(160㎠/12㎝)
66 KVp/2.0 mAs
(250㎠/9.0㎝)
70 KVp/4.0 mAs
(300㎠/13㎝)
56 KVp/5.0 mAs
(35㎠/1.8㎝)
5-yr-old
75 KVp/2.0 mAs
(210㎠/14㎝)
70 KVp/2.0 mAs
(430㎠/10㎝)
72 KVp/5.0 mAs
(540㎠/15㎝)
60 KVp/5.0 mAs
(84㎠/3.3㎝)
10-yr-old
77 KVp/2.0 mAs
(240㎠/15㎝)
74 KVp/3.0 mAs
(670㎠/13㎝)
75 KVp/6.0 mAs
(820㎠/17㎝)
62 KVp/6 mAs
(140㎠/5.0㎝)
15-yr-old
79 KVp/2.0 mAs
(270㎠/16㎝)
78 KVp/4.0 mAs
(780㎠/14㎝)
78 KVp/7.0 mAs
(900㎠/20㎝)
65 KVp/6.0 mAs
(200㎠/6.2㎝)
Adult
75 KVp/15 mAs
(320㎠/20㎝)
120 KVp/2.0 mAs
(1300㎠/15㎝)
75 KVp/15 mAs
(1200㎠/22㎝)
65 KVp/8.0 mAs
(200㎠/7.9㎝)