Ultra ATA/133 RAID Card User Manual Version 1.
Copyright Copyright by Promise Technology, Inc. (“Promise”), 2001. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the expressed, written permission of Promise. Trademarks All trademarks are the property of their respective holders. Important data protection information You should back up all data before installing any drive controller or storage peripheral.
FastTrak TX2000™ User Manual Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 WHAT IS THE FASTTRAK TX2000 RAID CARD?............................................................ 1 PROMISE ARRAY MANAGEMENT UTILITY (PAM)............................................................ 2 KEYS FEATURES AND BENEFITS .................................................................................. 3 QUICK START ................
FastTrak TX2000™ User Manual INSTALLATION ISSUES ............................................................................................... 60 POST-INSTALLATION ................................................................................................. 60 CONTACTING TECHNICAL SUPPORT..................................................................... 61 LIMITED WARRANTY................................................................................................
FastTrak TX2000™ User Manual Introduction The PC which you are using either already contains a Promise Technology FastTrak TX2000 RAID card installed by a third-party or you have acquired a FastTrak TX2000 retail product for your existing PC and will be installing the card yourself. For PC owners wishing to install their Promise Technology FastTrak TX2000 card, proceed to the Quick Start section (see page 5).
FastTrak TX2000™ User Manual FastTrak TX2000's bootable BIOS supports individual drives larger than 137 GB. With FAT32 and NTFS partitioning, the array can be addressed as one large single volume. Promise Array Management Utility (PAM) Professional RAID array management utility offers local and remote management and monitoring of all FastTrak arrays that exist anywhere on a network.
FastTrak TX2000™ User Manual Keys Features and Benefits The following information offers an overview of the major features of your new Promise FastTrak TX2000 card. The table is divided into two areas: Advanced Hardware Design, and Compatibility.
FastTrak TX2000™ User Manual Compatibility Features Complies with PCI v2.2 Local Bus standard Compliant with PCI IDE Bus Master standard.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Quick Start This section is designed to quickly get your FastTrak TX2000 controller up and running using the default settings, which will be optimal for most users. If you wish to modify any of the default settings, please refer to page 14, Using FastBuild™ Configuration Utility.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing The Card Installing the FastTrak TX2000 controller card in a system is a simple process. The card fits into any available 32-bit PCI slot (must be PCI 2.1 or 2.2 compliant), or the 32-bit portion of a 64-bit PCI slot, on the system’s motherboard (see figure below). 1. Remove the cover of your system. 2. Remove the inside slot cover of an available 32-bit PCI slot on the motherboard. 3.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing The Hard Drives WARNING: If you wish to include your current bootable drive using the Windows NT 4.x, Windows 2000, or Windows XP operating system as part of a bootable Mirrored (RAID 1) array on your FastTrak TX2000, do NOT connect the hard drive to the FastTrak TX2000 controller yet. You MUST install the Windows NT4, 2000, or XP driver software first (see page 30) to this drive while it is still attached to your existing hard drive controller.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual WARNING: Use of removable hard drive enclosures other than Promise SuperSwap is not supported and may result in performance loss or other undesired results. 3. Attach one Ultra ATA cable to each hard drive. Then attach one cable to each of the IDE connectors on the FastTrak TX2000 controller card. The colored edge of the cable(s) indicates pin 1 (see below), and the blue cable connector must be attached to the FastTrak TX2000 connector.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Checking CMOS Settings No changes are necessary in the Motherboard CMOS Setup for resources or drive types. Since FastTrak TX2000 is a PCI Plug-n-Play (PnP) device, the Interrupt and Port address resources are automatically assigned by the Motherboard's PCI PnP BIOS. The FastTrak TX2000 system resources including port address, interrupt, and BIOS address are automatically determined by the system PnP BIOS.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Creating Your Disk Array You will now use the onboard FastBuild BIOS utility to create your array using the attached drives. There are three different scenarios in creating this array. You can create an array for performance, you can create a Security array using new hard drives (recommended), or you can create a Security array using an existing hard drive and a new hard drive. WARNING: If creating a Security array using an existing hard drive, backup any necessary data.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Creating an Array for Performance NOTE: FastTrak TX2000 allows users to create striped arrays with 1, 2, 3, or 4 drives. To create an array for best performance, follow these steps: 1. Using the Spacebar, choose “Performance” under the Optimize Array for section. 2. Select how you will use your PC most under the Typical Application usage section. The choices are A/V Editing, Server, and Desktop (the default). 3. Press keys to Save and create the array. 4.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual You would use this method if you wish to use a drive that already contains data and/or is the bootable system drive in your system. You will need another drive of identical or larger storage capacity. WARNING: Backup any necessary data before proceeding. Failure to follow this accepted PC practice could result in data loss. WARNING: If you wish to include your current bootable drive using the Windows NT 4.
7. FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Once complete, the following screen will appear confirming that your Security array has been created. Press any key to reboot the system. Array has been created. 8. Proceed to the Installing Driver chapter on page 30 to install the FastTrak TX2000 driver and/or operating system.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Using FastBuild™ Configuration Utility The FastBuildTM Configuration Utility offers several menu choices to create and manage the drive array on the Promise FastTrak TX2000 adapter. For purposes of this manual, it is assumed you have already created an array in the previous chapter and now wish to make a change to the array or view other options.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Navigating the FastBuild™ Setup Menu When using the menus, these are some of the basic navigation tips: Arrow keys highlights through choices; [Space] bar key allows to cycle through options; [Enter] key selects an option; [ESC] key is used to abort or exit the current menu. Using the Main Menu This is the first option screen when entering the FastBuildTM Setup. FastBuild (tm) Utility 1.xx (c) 1995-2001 Promise Technology, Inc. [ Main Menu ] Auto Setup ..................
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Creating Arrays Automatically The Auto Setup <1> selection from the Main Menu can intuitively help create your disk array. It will assign all available drives appropriate for the disk array you are creating. After making all selections, use Ctrl-Y to Save selections. FastBuild will automatically build the array. FastBuild (tm) Utility 1.xx (c) 1995-2001 Promise Technology, Inc.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Defining Typical Application Usage Allows the user to choose the type of PC usage that will be performed in order to optimize how FastTrak TX2000 handles data blocks to enhance performance. Your choice will determine the block size used. You may choose from: A/V Editing (for audio/video applications, or any similar application that requires large file transfers), Server (for numerous small file transfers), or Desktop (a combination of large and small file sizes).
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Viewing Drive Assignments The View Drive Assignments <2> option in the Main Menu displays whether drives are assigned to a disk array or are unassigned. Under the “Assignment” column, drives are labeled with their assigned disk array or shown as “Free” if unassigned. Such “Free” drives can be used for a future array or used as a spare drive when a drive fails in a mirrored array, provided the free drive’s capacity is equal to or larger than the smallest array member.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Manually Creating an Array The Define Array <3> option from the Main Menu allows users to begin the process of manually defining the drive elements and RAID levels for one or multiple disk arrays attached to FastTrak TX2000. Users will commonly create one or two drive arrays with FastTrak TX2000, though the card will support a maximum of four arrays1. NOTE: For most installations, Promise recommends the <1> Auto Setup for easy disk array creation.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Selecting Array Type 1. Under the Definition section of this menu, highlight the Array # for which you want to assign a RAID level. 2. Use the [Space] key to cycle through three array types: Performance (RAID 0 Striping), Security (RAID 1 Mirroring, RAID 0+1 Striping/Mirroring (for 4 drives), or Capacity (Spanning)). See page 43 about RAID levels. FastBuild (tm) Utility 1.xx (c) 1995-2001 Promise Technology, Inc.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual drive to be used. Please note that users will lose a small amount of available storage capacity from both drives in order to arrive at a common drive size. NOTE: The Gigabyte Boundary feature is automatically disabled when creating a mirrored array (RAID 1) from an existing drive (versus using two brand new drives). This protects the existing drive's partition table in order to maintain data integrity. Assigning Drive(s) to Array 1.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Adding Fault Tolerance to an Existing Drive FastTrak TX2000 will create a mirrored array using an existing system drive with data. You must assign the existing drive and another drive of same or larger capacity to the Mirroring array. The BIOS will send the existing data to the new blank drive. WARNING: Backup any necessary data before proceeding. Failure to follow this accepted PC practice could result in data loss.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual 3. Use the arrow keys to choose which drive contains the existing data to be copied. WARNING: All target drive data will be erased. Make sure you choose the correct drive. 4. Press [Ctrl-Y] keys to Save selection and start duplication. The following confirmation screen will appear. Start to duplicate the image . . . Do you want to continue? (Yes/No) Y – Continue N - Abort 5. Select “Y” to continue. If you choose “N” , you will be returned to step 1. 6.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Making a FastTrak TX2000 Disk Array Bootable WARNING: In order for you to boot from an array on the FastTrak TX2000, your PC or server must be configured in the CMOS Setup to use the FastTrak TX2000 as a bootable device (versus the onboard controller or another add-in card). This option is not available if the FastTrak TX2000 is being used as a secondary controller. 1.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual How FastTrak TX2000 Orders Arrays During startup, the disk arrays on the FastTrak TX2000 are recognized in this order: 1) The array set to bootable in the FastBuildTM Setup, and 2) the Array number (i.e. Array 0, Array 1…). This would be involved in determining which drive letters will be assigned to each disk array. How FastTrak TX2000 Saves Array Information All disk array data is saved into the reserved sector on each array member.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Deleting An Array The Delete Array <4> Menu option allows for deletion of disk array assignments. This is not the same as deleting data from the drives themselves. If you delete an array by accident (and before it has been used again), the array can normally be recovered by defining the array identically as the deleted array. WARNING: Deleting an existing disk array could result in its data loss.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Rebuilding A Mirrored Array The Rebuild Array <5> Menu option can be used to recover from an error in a mirrored disk array. You will receive an error message when booting your system from the FastTrak BIOS. NOTE: Drives MUST be replaced if they contain any physical errors. Follow these steps BEFORE using the Rebuild Array menu option: 1. On bootup, the FastTrak TX2000 Startup BIOS will display an error message identifying which drive has failed. 2.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual FastBuild (tm) Utility 1.xx (c) 1995-2001 Promise Technology, Inc. [ Rebuild Array Menu ] Array No Array 2 RAID Mode Mirror Total Drv 2 Status Critical Stripe Block: Not Available ON Gigabyte Boundary: [ Select Drive for Rebuild ] Channel:ID 1 : Slave Drive Model QUANTUMCR8.4A Capacity (MB) 8063 [ Keys Available ] [↑] Up [↓] Down [ESC] Exit [Enter] Select 11. Under [Select Drive for Rebuild], highlight the replacement drive. 12.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Viewing Controller Settings The Controller Configuration <6> menu selection allows you to enable or disable the FastTrak TX2000 BIOS from halting (the default) if it detects an error on boot up. You may also view the system resources (Interrupt and I/O port address) of FastTrak’s data channels. FastBuild (tm) Utility 1.xx (c) 1995-2001 Promise Technology, Inc.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing Drivers This section details the FastTrak TX2000 driver installation when used with various operating systems. The software includes the driver necessary to identify FastTrak TX2000 to the operating system. Windows XP Installing Driver During New Windows XP Installation 1. Start the installation: a. Floppy Install: Boot the computer with the Windows XP installation diskettes. b. Floppyless Install: Boot from floppy and type “WINNT”.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing Driver in Existing Windows XP System WARNING: If you will be moving the boot drive containing the existing Windows XP operating system to the FastTrak TX2000 card, the FastTrak TX2000 driver MUST be loaded on to this hard drive while it is still attached to your existing hard drive controller. Do not attach this drive or any other hard drive to the FastTrak TX2000 controller card before completing this step.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Windows 2000 Installing Driver During New Windows 2000 Installation 1. Start the installation: a. Floppy Install: Boot the computer with the Windows 2000 installation diskettes. b. Floppyless Install: Boot from floppy and type “WINNT”. After files have been copied, the system will reboot. On the reboot, press after the message “Setup is inspecting your computer’s hardware configuration...” appears. c. CD-ROM Install: Boot from the CD-ROM.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing Driver in Existing Windows 2000 System WARNING: If you will be moving the boot drive containing the existing Windows 2000 operating system to a mirrored RAID 1 array on the FastTrak TX2000 card, the FastTrak TX2000 driver MUST be loaded to the hard drive while it is still attached to your existing hard drive controller. Do not attach this drive or any other hard drive to the FastTrak TX2000 controller card before completing this step. 1.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Windows NT4 Installing Drivers During Windows NT 4.0 Installation 1. Start the system installation by booting from the Windows NT disk: a. Floppy install: boot the system with the Windows NT installation diskettes. b. Floppyless install: boot from floppy and type “WINNT /B”. After files have been copied, the system will reboot. On the reboot, press the “F6” key when the message “Setup is inspecting your computer’s hardware configuration…” appears. c.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing Driver with Existing Windows NT 4.0 WARNING: If you plan to move your boot drive to a mirrored RAID 1 FastTrak array, hard drives should NOT be connected to the FastTrak TX2000 controller card before performing the following procedure. The FastTrak TX2000 drivers must be loaded on the system hard drive (running under the existing hard drive controller) before any hard drives are connected to the FastTrak TX2000 controller card. 1.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Windows ME Installing Drivers During Windows ME Installation The following details the installation of the FastTrak TX2000 drivers while installing Windows ME (with the FastTrak TX2000 controller card already in place). If you’re installing the FastTrak TX2000 drivers on a system with ME already installed, see “Installing Drivers with Existing Windows ME System.” 1. Install Windows ME fully. 2. After installation, go the “Start” menu and choose “Settings.” 3.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing Drivers with Existing Windows ME System The following section details the installation of FastTrak TX2000 drivers on a system that has Millennium already installed and running. If you’re installing the FastTrak TX2000 drivers on a system during an installation of ME, see “Installing Drivers During Windows ME Installation.” 1. After installing the FastTrak TX2000 controller card and configuring the hard drives, power up the system and boot. 2.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Windows 95/98 Installing Drivers During Windows 95/98 Installation The following three sections detail the installation of the FastTrak TX2000 drivers while installing Windows 95/98 (with the FastTrak TX2000 controller card already in place). If you’re installing the FastTrak TX2000 drivers on a system with Windows 95/98 already installed, see “Installing Drivers with Existing Windows 95/98” on page 40. Windows 98 1.
9. FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual When asked if you want Windows to search for the driver, choose “Yes (recommended).” 10. Insert the “FastTrak TX2000 Driver” diskette into the A: drive, then press “Next.” 11. When Windows informs you that it was unable to find the drivers, press “Other Locations…” 12. In the “Select Other Location” dialog box, type “A:\WIN9x-ME”. 13. Press the “Next” button.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installing Drivers with Existing Windows 95/98 The following three sections detail the installation of FastTrak TX2000 drivers on a system that has Windows 95/98 already installed. If you’re installing the FastTrak TX2000 drivers on a system during a Windows 95/98 installation, see “Installing Drivers During Windows 95/98 Installation” on page 38. Windows 98 1.
3. FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Choose the “Device Manager” tab, and then click the “+” in front of “SCSI & RAID controllers.” “Win9x-ME Promise FastTrak TX2000 (tm) Series Controller” should appear. DOS/Windows 3.1x For first-time installation, follow the standard procedure of installing DOS on to your hard disk (partition all hard drives with FDISK and format before performing the following procedure): 1. Insert “Disk 1” of your DOS installation diskettes into drive A:. 2.
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FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Understanding Disk Array Concepts About FastTrak TX2000 Disk Array Adapter FastTrak TX2000 is a high performance Ultra ATA/EIDE RAID controller card that features concurrent data channel operation and onboard BIOS. The channels on the FastTrak TX2000 support concurrent operation that allows for overlapped I/O under multi-tasking operating systems and sharing the workload between multiple drives.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Disk Array Terms Disk Array Description A “disk array” is formed from a group of 2 or more disk drives that appear to the system as a single drive. The advantage of an array is to provide better throughput performance and/or data fault tolerance. Better performance is accomplished by sharing the workload among multiple physical drives.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual About RAID Levels Striping (RAID 0) Reads and writes sectors of data interleaved between multiple drives. When any disk member fails, it affects the entire array. Performance is better than a single drive since the workload is balanced between the array members. This array type is for high performance systems. Identical drives are recommended for performance as well as data storage efficiency.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Mirroring (RAID 1) Writes duplicate data on to a pair of drives while reads are performed in parallel. ATA RAID 1 is fault tolerant because each drive of a mirrored pair is installed on separate IDE channels. If one of the mirrored drives suffers a mechanical failure (e.g. spindle failure) or does not respond, the remaining drive will continue to function. This is called Fault Tolerance.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual installed. With a four-drive disk array, two pairs of drives are striped. Each pair mirrors the data on the other pair of striped drives. The data capacity is similar to a standard Mirroring array with half of total capacity dedicated for redundancy. About Dual Data Redundancy One unique (though rarely occurring) feature of RAID 0+1 is dual fault tolerance. In some cases, two drives can fail simultaneously and still maintain the integrity of data.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Under RAID 0+1, the array maintains data integrity if any 1, 2 combination survives.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Troubleshooting & Tips This section is used to assist with troubleshooting conflicts and FastTrak TX2000 installation problems. Also refer to the “README.TXT” file on the FastTrak TX2000 driver and utility diskette for more recent information as well as the PromiseOnlineTM services listed in Appendix A. The section is divided into the following categories: Motherboard Issues, System CMOS Issues, Drive Errors, Operating System Errors, and Audio/Video Editing Tips.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual System CMOS Issues Set Mainboard CMOS Boot sequence to boot to FastTrak TX2000 On some Mainboard BIOS, it is necessary to set the Boot sequence to “SCSI, A:, C:” since the Promise card is identified as a SCSI card. Mainboard CMOS displays C: or D: drive failure during startup See Drive-Related Errors section.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual System CMOS displays C: or D: drive failure during Startup Do not reference C: or D: in the Mainboard Standard CMOS for drives attached to the FastTrak TX2000 controller. Only enter drive information in the Mainboard CMOS for drives attached to the onboard IDE controller. FDISK reports a much lower drive capacity if a single physical drive or a striped array exceeds 64GB Due to a limitation with FDISK, the utility reports only the storage capacity that exceeds 64GB.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Cannot Rebuild Mirrored (RAID 1) Array (see “Unable to Partition or Format array” above) Fatal Errors or Data Corruption Are Constantly Reported When Reading or Writing to Drive Array (see “Unable to Partition or Format array” above) Operating System-Related Issues Different drive lettering under Windows NT This may happen when using a SCSI card in addition to the Promise card. Windows NT does not necessarily load the driver for the boot device controller first.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual “No Hard Drives Found” Message Appears During CD-ROM Install of Windows NT, 2000, or XP The "F6" key was not pressed at the appropriate time. Reboot the system, and press the "F6" key when the message "Setup is inspecting your computer's hardware configuration…" appears in Windows NT4 or the message "Press F6 if you need to install third party SCSI or RAID driver" appears in Windows 2000 and XP.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Performance Tips Here are some tips that may optimize performance in a RAID 0 striped array. If you are using an audio/video-editing card, we also recommend reviewing your card’s documentation for additional information. Use FastTrak TX2000 as D: or other non-bootable drive in a Striped Array For A/V editing, keep the original system boot drive on the standard IDE controller as C: drive.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Change Setting of PCI Bus Utilization Certain brands of video capture cards can produce a “glitch” on play back of .AVI files. A setting of “Less” for PCI Bus utilization reduces the time which FastTrak TX2000 occupies on the PCI bus and frees that time for use by other PCI devices and will remove the “glitch” dropout effect on playback. Once a bus setting has been selected, click the Apply button to implement changes immediately. No reboot is required.
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FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Frequently Asked Questions This section lists frequently asked questions involving pre-installation, drive issues, installation, and post-installation. Pre-Installation (Speed, Device Types, Capacity, Cabling) Q: What kind of hard drives can I use for a FastTrak TX2000 array? A: You can use any IDE/EIDE hard drive(s) to create arrays on the FastTrak TX2000. You should use matching drives for multiple-drive arrays to maximize capacity usage as well as performance.
Q: FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual How does the FastTrak TX2000 RAID controller provide storage and/or data protection with their arrays? A: FastTrak TX2000 implements three different types of RAID levels as follows: RAID 0 (stripe) For capacity -- The FastTrak TX2000 array will be as big as the smallest HDD in the array times however many HDDs are in the array. Any larger HDDs will simply be truncated. The truncated space on the bigger HDDs will then be unusable.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Drive Issues Q: Can I add a drive to a FastTrak TX2000 RAID array via hot-swap and dynamically adjust the array size/configuration? A: No. The FastTrak TX2000 system does not support dynamically adjustable RAID size/configurations. Q: Do the HDDs on the FastTrak TX2000 have to be the same size? A: The HDDs that you use with the FastTrak TX2000 do not have to be the same size.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Installation Issues (Capacity, Booting) Q: Why are some drives recognized by the FastTrak TX2000 Array Setup utilities with only partial capacity? A: Some hard drive models are shipped with a jumper that reduces the addressable capacity of the drive to prevent problems with older systems that won’t support larger drives. Consult the documentation accompanying the hard drive to set the jumper appropriately in order to utilize the full capacity of the drive.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Contacting Technical Support Promise Technical Support provides several support options for Promise users to access information and updates. We encourage you to use one of our electronic services, which provide product information updates for the most efficient service and support.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Promise Europe E-mail Support Fax Technical Support Phone Technical Support If you wish to write us for support: Promise Taiwan E-mail Support Fax Technical Support Phone Technical Support If you wish to write us for support: Promise China E-mail Support Fax Technical Support Phone Technical Support If you wish to write us for support: support@promise.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Limited Warranty Promise Technology, Inc. (“Promise”) warrants that for two (2) years from the time of the delivery of the product to the original end user: a) b) the product will conform to Promise’s specifications; the product will be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual whether Promise has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Promise is not an insurer. If you desire insurance against such damage, you must obtain insurance from another party. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages for consumer products, so the above limitation may not apply to you. This warranty gives specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from state to state.
FastTrak TX2000™ Series User Manual Returning Product for Repair If you suspect a product is not working properly, or if you have any questions about your product, contact our Technical Support Staff through one of our Technical Services, making sure to provide the following information: • Product model and serial number (required) • Return shipping address • Daytime phone number • Description of the problem; • Copy of the original purchase invoice.
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