WIDEBAND RADIO HEAD WRH NEXUS FT INSTALLATION AND SERVICE MANUAL 044-05251 Rev B March 2008
© 2008 Powerwave Technologies Incorporated. All rights reserved. Powerwave Technologies and the Powerwave logo are registered trademarks. Powerwave Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes to documentation and equipment, including but not limited to component substitution and circuitry changes. Changes that impact this document may be subsequently incorporated in a later revision of this document.
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Warnings, Cautions, and Notes are found throughout this manual where applicable. The associated icons in warnings and cautions are used to quickly identify a potential condition that could result in the consequences described below if precautions are not taken. Notes clarify and provide additional information to assist the user. WARNING: The warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury or death.
Revision Record Nexus FT Revision Record Revision Letter ii Date of Change Reason for Change Rev A November 2007 Initial Release Rev B March 2008 Renamed product to Nexus FT, added new Chapter 1 - Preface, added text regarding FON maintenance to pages 3-8 and 4-6.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Human Exposure to RF Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Nexus FT Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Chapter 4 - Maintenance Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Periodic Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nexus FT Table of Contents 3-8 Main Power Breakdown Relay Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Connecting a PC for Local Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 PIM testing two carriers and one WRH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 PIM testing one carrier over each of two WRHs . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Preface Safety Any personnel involved in installation, operation, or service of units included in a Powerwave Distributed Antenna System (DAS) must understand and follow the points below. 044-05251 Rev B ❑ Powerwave Nexus FTs are designed to receive and amplify signals from one or more base stations and retransmit the signals to one or more mobile stations.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Nexus FT Human Exposure to RF Radiation Safe distances must be kept when working around antennas. The following paragraphs describe the cautions to be aware of during the installation and maintenance of antenna systems and how to calculate safety distances needed for RF radiation at different antenna power and frequencies.
Chapter 1 Product Description Introduction This manual contains information and procedures for installation, operation, and maintenance of The Nexus FT High Power Wideband Radio Head - in this manual, referred to as WRH.
Overview Nexus FT Nexus FTs are microprocessor controlled with alarm and operational status LEDs visible on the front cover. Cooling is provided through convection heat dissipation. Operational parameters, such as gain and power levels are set using a PC running Powerwave OM-Online software which communicates with the Nexus FTs either locally or remotely via modem. Remote operation can be performed via PSTN or a GSM net.
Nexus FT Overview Distribution PCBA (DIA) The DIA is the core distribution PCBA to which all other PCBAs and units connect in the cabinet with the exception of the PA. Figure 1-2 shows a DIA PCBA. A shielded metal frame on the DIA provides the mounting location for the CU, ALI and RCIs, if used.
Overview Nexus FT The gain to this connector is +2dB. The +7V input is used for +7V supply from the DIA PCBA and the ATT connection is for the control signal for a controllable attenuator in the LNA. Figure 1-4 LNA Duplex Filter (DPX) DPXs are located on the metal cover sheet in the upper part of the cabinet. Fiber Optic Unit (FOU) The FOU is a metal plate mounted on top of the cover plate in the upper part of the Nexus FT. The FON and fiber optic connectors are mounted on the FOU.
Nexus FT Overview Alarm Interface PCBA (ALI) and Remote Control Interface PCBA (RCI) The ALI handles alarms and alarm communication. It is replace with an RCI if an RCU is used and provides an interface between the CU and an RCU for remote communication via modem. The RCI also handles alarms and alarm communication. Either unit is located in the lower left part of the shielded DIA frame. Sub Unit Locations The MCPA is located at positions 3 and 4 in the cabinet.
Overview Nexus FT Splitters (OSPs) in the Nexus FTs, the distribution net can be built up with a combination of star and daisy-chain connections using double or single fiber. BMU WRH BTS RF WRH WRH WRH Figure 1-7 Fiber Optic Star Configuration Multi-Operator Configurations Multi-operator systems require the use of Point of Interconnect (POI) units and OCMs as illustrated in Figure 1-8. In this simple example, two operators have two sectors each. Each sector is connected to a POI and then to a RCM.
Chapter 2 Controls, Indicators and Connectors Introduction This chapter contains descriptions of the controls, indicators and connectors for the WRH. Front Cover Indicators Amber Red Figure 2-1 External Indicators Two LEDs, shown in Figure 2-1, are located on the front cover to provide easy identification of a fault in the system. The amber operation LED lights up approximately 15 seconds after the main power is switched on. When the LED is steady, the WRH is ready for operation.
PCBA Indicators Nexus FT Figure 2-2 shows the LED indicators located on the ALI or RCI, the CU PCBAs, the 115/220V main power switch (S) in the cabinet, and the voltage indicator (V). These indicators are described in further detail in the following sections. PCBA Indicators This following paragraphs describe the LED indicators on the main PCBAs inside the WRH. CU PCBA Figure 2-3 shows the location of the LEDs on the CU and Table 2-1 lists their indications.
Nexus FT PCBA Connections FON PCBA The FON is shown in Figure 2-4 and the LED indicators are listed in Table 2-2. P117 Figure 2-4 FON LED Indicators Table 2-2 FON LED Indications LED Description FLI or F2F Green LED. Fiber Line Interface (FLI). Flashing LED indicates the unit is receiving data over the sub carrier. A steady LED indicates the unit has detected an FLI subcarrier, but is not carrying any data OPER Green LED. Lights up for approximately 5 seconds after the power is switched on.
PCBA Connections Nexus FT Table 2-3 WRH Base Unit Connections From To Cable Number Non-Diversity Diversity WBA P2401 M FON P101 VE007 06/3 Used Used WBA P3401 D FON P101 700-16639-001 Not Used Used WBA P1101 M FON P102 VE007 20/2 Used Used PSU DIA P21, P35 VE007 98/1 Used Used M FON P108 DIA P29 VE007 66/1 Used Used D FON P108 M FON P116 VE007 66/1 Not Used Used M FON P111 DIA P36 VE008 05/1 Used Used D FON P111 DIA P112 VE008 05/1 Not Used Used Table 2-4 WRH C
Nexus FT PCBA Connections Pin 6 AIC Ground. Two alarm outputs are 1 pole closing and 1 pole opening relay outputs insolated from each other. Maximum ratings, related to ground or any other alarm terminal, are 50 VAC / 60 VDC. The alarm outputs are defined as follows: Pin 9 and 1 AO1 and AO8 Closed when operating, otherwise open. Pin 10 and 2 AO6 and AO7 Open when operating, otherwise closed. Pin 11 and 3 AO2 and AO5 Closed at alarm state, otherwise open.
PCBA Connections Nexus FT LNA Figure 2-6 shows the front of the LNA and Table 2-6 lists the connections. Figure 2-6 LNA Table 2-6 LNA Connections LNA Port Connected to OUT LOW IN on the LNA/UL in the cover, if equipped IN ATT +7V LO on the service DPX duplex filter P23 on the DIA PCBA OUT1 P2101 on the WBA PCBA OUT2 Diversity LNA connected to P3101 on WBA PCBA FON Figure 2-7 shows the locations of the connectors on the FON and Table 2-7 lists the port numbers, connector types, and port usage.
Nexus FT PCBA Connections Table 2-7 FON Connectors (Continued) Port Description P110 W-link jumper, used to terminate units in a W-link. It has to be set in the parking state for all units except for the first and last units in a W-link. The Parking state (P) has the jumper between the center and bottom pins. The opposite state, with the jumper between the tip and center pins, terminates(T) the W-link P111/112 5-pin male, WLI ports used for interconnecting nodes in WLI-nets (IP or R2R networks).
Software and Hardware Compatibility Nexus FT Software and Hardware Compatibility There are different versions of CU PCBA software which can be combined with PCBAs of various revisions. These have unique part numbers and revision information. Table 2-8 lists the software currently available in combination with CU PCBA revisions.
Chapter 3 Installation Introduction This chapter contains unpacking, inspection and installation instructions for installing and powering up the WRH. Site Survey Powerwave recommends that a site survey be performed prior to equipment ordering or installation. Performing a detailed site survey reduces or eliminates installation and turn-up delays. Pay particular attention to power plant capacity, cooling needs, floor space, and RF/DC cabling/breaker requirements.
Mounting Nexus FT A 411 Ø14 90 135 144 205 250 300 Figure 3-1 Mounting Bracket Normally, the WRH is mounted on a wall, pole, or mast. Figure 3-2 illustrates the installation of the mounting bracket on a wall using four fixing screws and a locking screw.
Nexus FT Mounting Figure 3-3 illustrates the installation of the mounting bracket on a pole using two 5.7-inch (144mm) U-shaped clamps and a locking screw. Figure 3-3 Attaching the Bracket to a Pole Figure 3-4 illustrates a mast installation using two 11.8-inch (300mm) bar-shaped clamps and no locking screw.
Connections Nexus FT After installing the mounting bracket, hang the WRH on the upper supports, as illustrated in Figure 3-5. Tighten the upper and lower mounting screws to secure it into place using the 6mm hex socket wrench. Locking cylinders, used to prevent unauthorized removal of the repeater, can be inserted and locked with a key after the lower screws have been tightened.
Nexus FT Connections Table 3-1 Cable Connection Procedure Step Action 1 Connect service antenna coaxial cable to left-outside DIN connection on cabinet 2 Connect fiber optic cable from OCM or BMU to fiber optic cable demark on FOU 3 Connect station ground to appropriate ground point in cabinet 4 Mount main power plug to main power cord and insert into PSU WRH Figure 3-6 illustrates the cables and connections for the WRH.
Optional Connections Nexus FT Optional Connections Alarms Alarm signals from external sensors are received by an ALI or RCI which forwards them to the CU. The RCI is used if the WRH has an RCU, otherwise the ALI is used. The software on the CU can activate acoustic or visual alarms or direct the alarm to the P33 alarm port for forwarding via an RCU through OM-Online. Alarms can also be handled by the FON. Alarms are configured through OM-Online.
Nexus FT Commissioning Table 3-2 Main Power Breakdown Relay Connection Step Action 1 Connect a currentless closed relay contact to pin AI1 and AIC on P33 alarm connector, as shown in Figure 3-8. Alarm is initiated when pins AI1 and AIC are shorted 2 Connect relay coil. Coil must be supplied from same fuse as WRH 3 After commissioning, select Mains Breakdown in alarm configuration window in OM-Online. For details on setting alarm configuration see OM-Online User Manual.
Commissioning Nexus FT A WRH can be configured locally with OM-Online by connecting a standard serial cable from the COM port on the PC to the P31 PC port (RS-232) located to the right in the cabinet as shown in Figure 3-9. The P31 PC port is described in Chapter 2. Details on using OM-Online are described in the OM-Online User Manual.
Nexus FT Commissioning Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Testing PIM is the non-linear effect of passive RF components in a desired RF transmission band. As higher percarrier transmit power levels are applied to duplexed passive RF networks, PIM becomes an increasingly significant factor in potential receiver desensitization.
Commissioning Nexus FT Where f1 and f2 are two TX signals entering a WRH. The specification for the maximum allowed PIM is -115 dBm per 100 kHz resolution bandwidth at rated output power. To test for PIM follow the steps listed in Table 3-4. Table 3-4 PIM Testing Procedure Step 3-10 Action 1 If BTS signals are present, continue with step 2.
Chapter 4 Maintenance Introduction This chapter contains periodic maintenance and performance test procedures for the WRH. Periodic Maintenance Periodic maintenance requirements are listed in Table 4-1, as well as the intervals at which the tasks should be performed. Table 4-1 Recommended Periodic Maintenance Task Interval Action Inspection of cables and connectors 12 months Inspect power, RF and Fiber cables for signs of damage or wear (frayed insulation, cracks, punctures, etc.
Troubleshooting Nexus FT Table 4-2 Alarm Troubleshooting (Continued) ID Alarm Text Power 2 3 WRH restart Mains breakdown Alarm Unit FON CU External Alarm Description Ceasing PSU2 in the cover works properly again. Ceasing is sent if the PSU2 works at start-up, and there is a corresponding critical PSU2 alarm logged in the Events Log. The WRH will restart when the power is back and this alarm will be sent Error The FON 10 Volt charger voltage is below limit.
Nexus FT Troubleshooting Table 4-2 Alarm Troubleshooting (Continued) ID 12 Alarm Text High temp Alarm Unit CU Alarm Description Warning The CU PCBA temperature is higher than 90°C Ceasing The CU PCBA temperature has fallen below 90°C 13 REFO error Error Significant REFO drift or error detected by CU 14 Ext REFO error Warning Suggested remedy: Check the reference source and the cables 15 CU battery fault Warning CU RAM battery fault.
Troubleshooting Nexus FT Table 4-2 Alarm Troubleshooting (Continued) ID Alarm Text Alarm Unit Alarm Description 30 No modem found Remote ctrl None No modem found, that is no answer is returned on a poll string to the modem 33 No connection Remote ctrl None No connection at callback. The WRH has tried to call as many times as stated in the alarm call settings. No connection was established. Warning No connection at alarm call.
Nexus FT Troubleshooting Table 4-2 Alarm Troubleshooting (Continued) ID 50 Alarm Text Fiberoptical error Alarm Unit FOT fiber optics Alarm Description Ceasing The cause of the alarm has ceased Configur able If a fiber unit alarm is connected to external alarm 3, then the operator can configure the WRH to display this alarm when the fiber optical unit indicates alarm Ceasing The cause of the alarm has ceased 70 Bad table alarm CU Error Requested table contains incorrect information (SW er
Field Replaceable Units Nexus FT Field Replaceable Units The following units can be replaced in the field on-site by a qualified technician with experience maintaining RF equipment: ❑ FON ❑ PSU ❑ WRH FON To replace a FON PCBA, follow the steps listed in Table 4-3. For details on cables and connectors, see Chapter 2. CAUTION: Do not look into the end of any fiber optic cable.
Nexus FT Field Replaceable Units PSU To replace a PSU, follow the steps listed in Table 4-4. For details on cables and connectors, see Chapter 2.
Remote Control Unit (RCU) Nexus FT WRH To replace a WRH, follow the steps listed in the Table 4-5. WARNING: A fully loaded WRH can weigh 96lbs. Lifting of the WRH should be done by two people. Do not attempt to carry the WRH up a ladder. .
Nexus FT Return For Service Procedures RCU for Radio Communication The RCU antenna for a radio modem is connected to the BS antenna via the uplink DC, provided the RCU and the WRH operate in the same cell system. Otherwise, the modem must have a separate antenna. Data is transferred between the WRH and the RCU via the P130 modem port on the RCI or FON. The RCU is also powered via the same port and has a battery with enough capacity to send a number of alarms if a main power failure occurs.
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Chapter 5 Specifications Introduction This chapter provides specifications for the WRH.
Introduction Nexus FT Table 5-1: WRH Specifications (Continued) Downlink, Spurious and Emissions level -13 dBm/1 MHz (FCC) -36 dBm (below 1 GHz, per ETSI EN 300 609-4) -30 dBm (above 1 GHz, per ETSI EN 300 609-4) Downlink power +43 dBm RMS (20 Watts) (for FCC - UMTS) +40 dBm RMS (10 Watts) (for ETSI - GMS/EDGE) Noise figure excluding fiber optic link 4 dB Fiber-Optic Link Budget 10 dBo Receiver input port return loss 14 dB Power supply voltage 115/230 VAC 21-60 VDC Maximum Current Draw (Single
Nexus FT Introduction Table 5-1: WRH Specifications (Continued) Wavelength TX: DFB 1310 or 1550 nm RX: 1250 – 1600 nm Transmit Max continuous RF input Optical output power, two levels RF attenuation settable by SW in 1dB steps +36dBm +3 or 0dBm 0-20dB Receive Max optic power input RF attenuation settable by SW in 1dB steps Alarm threshold level, settable warning Alarm threshold level, settable error +5dBm 4-24dB 0-40dBm 0-40dBm 044-05251 Rev B 5-3
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Appendix A Block Diagrams Introduction This appendix describes the main signals paths for the WRH. Non-Diversity Figure A-1 shows the non-diversity block diagram configuration of the WRH. The WRH is always fed by a BTS via either a BMU or an OCM. The TX signal from the BTS is converted to an optical signal in a BMU or OCM and fed to the WRH via a fiber optic cable. The optical signal is then received by the FON and converted to an RF signal.
Diversity Nexus FT Diversity Figure A-2 illustrates the diversity block diagram configuration of the WRH. With diversity installed, there are two paths on the UL instead of one. This requires an additional FON for the added receive path signal. Signal flow is identical to the non-diversity version with the MCPA on the DL and LNAs on the UL providing the additional amplification out of and into the WBA.
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