User Manual
Table Of Contents
- Chapter 1 INTRODUTION
- Chapter 2 INSTALLATION
- Chapter 3 Switch Management
- Chapter 4 Basic Switch Configuration
- Chapter 5 File System Operations
- Chapter 6 Cluster Configuration
- Chapter 7 Port Configuration
- Chapter 8 Port Isolation Function Configuration
- Chapter 9 Port Loopback Detection Function Configuration
- Chapter 10 ULDP Function Configuration
- Chapter 11 LLDP Function Operation Configuration
- Chapter 12 Port Channel Configuration
- Chapter 13 Jumbo Configuration
- Chapter 14 EFM OAM Configuration
- Chapter 15 VLAN Configuration
- Chapter 16 MAC Table Configuration
- Chapter 17 MSTP Configuration
- Chapter 18 QoS Configuration
- Chapter 19 Flow-based Redirection
- Chapter 20 Egress QoS Configuration
- Chapter 21 Flexible QinQ Configuration
- Chapter 22 Layer 3 Forward Configuration
- Chapter 23 ARP Scanning Prevention Function Configuration
- Chapter 24 Prevent ARP, ND Spoofing Configuration
- Chapter 25 ARP GUARD Configuration
- Chapter 26 ARP Local Proxy Configuration
- Chapter 27 Gratuitous ARP Configuration
- Chapter 28 Keepalive Gateway Configuration
- Chapter 29 DHCP Configuration
- Chapter 30 DHCPv6 Configuration
- Chapter 31 DHCP option 82 Configuration
- Chapter 32 DHCPv6 option37, 38
- Chapter 33 DHCP Snooping Configuration
- Chapter 34 Routing Protocol Overview
- Chapter 35 Static Route
- Chapter 36 RIP
- Chapter 37 RIPng
- Chapter 38 OSPF
- Chapter 39 OSPFv3
- Chapter 40 BGP
- 40.1 Introduction to BGP
- 40.2 BGP Configuration Task List
- 40.3 Configuration Examples of BGP
- 40.3.1 Examples 1: configure BGP neighbor
- 40.3.2 Examples 2: configure BGP aggregation
- 40.3.3 Examples 3: configure BGP community attributes
- 40.3.4 Examples 4: configure BGP confederation
- 40.3.5 Examples 5: configure BGP route reflector
- 40.3.6 Examples 6: configure MED of BGP
- 40.3.7 Examples 7: example of BGP VPN
- 40.4 BGP Troubleshooting
- Chapter 41 MBGP4+
- Chapter 42 Black Hole Routing Manual
- Chapter 43 GRE Tunnel Configuration
- Chapter 44 ECMP Configuration
- Chapter 45 BFD
- Chapter 46 BGP GR
- Chapter 47 OSPF GR
- Chapter 48 IPv4 Multicast Protocol
- 48.1 IPv4 Multicast Protocol Overview
- 48.2 PIM-DM
- 48.3 PIM-SM
- 48.4 MSDP Configuration
- 48.4.1 Introduction to MSDP
- 48.4.2 Brief Introduction to MSDP Configuration Tasks
- 48.4.3 Configuration of MSDP Basic Function
- 48.4.4 Configuration of MSDP Entities
- 48.4.5 Configuration of Delivery of MSDP Packet
- 48.4.6 Configuration of Parameters of SA-cache
- 48.4.7 MSDP Configuration Examples
- 48.4.8 MSDP Troubleshooting
- 48.5 ANYCAST RP Configuration
- 48.6 PIM-SSM
- 48.7 DVMRP
- 48.8 DCSCM
- 48.9 IGMP
- 48.10 IGMP Snooping
- 48.11 IGMP Proxy Configuration
- Chapter 49 IPv6 Multicast Protocol
- Chapter 50 Multicast VLAN
- Chapter 51 ACL Configuration
- Chapter 52 802.1x Configuration
- 52.1 Introduction to 802.1x
- 52.2 802.1x Configuration Task List
- 52.3 802.1x Application Example
- 52.4 802.1x Troubleshooting
- Chapter 53 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Configuration
- 53.1 Introduction to the Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP
- 53.2 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Configuration Task Sequence
- 53.3 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Typical Examples
- 53.4 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Troubleshooting Help
- Chapter 54 Operational Configuration of AM Function
- Chapter 55 TACACS+ Configuration
- Chapter 56 RADIUS Configuration
- Chapter 57 SSL Configuration
- Chapter 58 IPv6 Security RA Configuration
- Chapter 59 VLAN-ACL Configuration
- Chapter 60 MAB Configuration
- Chapter 61 PPPoE Intermediate Agent Configuration
- Chapter 62 SAVI Configuration
- Chapter 63 Web Portal Configuration
- Chapter 64 VRRP Configuration
- Chapter 65 IPv6 VRRPv3 Configuration
- Chapter 66 MRPP Configuration
- Chapter 67 ULPP Configuration
- Chapter 68 ULSM Configuration
- Chapter 69 Mirror Configuration
- Chapter 70 RSPAN Configuration
- Chapter 71 sFlow Configuration
- Chapter 72 SNTP Configuration
- Chapter 73 NTP Function Configuration
- Chapter 74 DNSv4/v6 Configuration
- Chapter 75 Summer Time Configuration
- Chapter 76 Monitor and Debug
- Chapter 77 Reload Switch after Specified Time
- Chapter 78 Debugging and Diagnosis for Packets Received and Sent by CPU
- Chapter 79 MPLS Overview
- Chapter 80 LDP
- Chapter 81 MPLS VPN
- Chapter 82 Public Network Access of MPLS VPN
- Chapter 83 SWITCH OPERATION
- Chapter 84 TROUBLE SHOOTING
- Chapter 85 APPENDEX A
- Chapter 86 GLOSSARY
- EC Declaration of Conformity
79-1
Chapter 79 MPLS Overview
79.1 MPLS Overview
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching), originating from IPv4, was first designed for improving the forwarding
speed. Its core technology can be extended into multiple network protocols, including IPv6 (Internet Protocol
version 6), IPX (Internet Packet Exchange), Appletalk, DECnet, CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) and
etc, since the “Multiprotocol” in MPLS means supporting multiple protocols. MPLS technology is a
combination of fast switch and L3 route forwarding hence can satisfy the network requirement of various new
applications.
79.1.1 MPLS Introduction
Forwarding Equivalence Class
MPLS, as a class-based forwarding technology, will put packets with the same forwarding mode into a class
named as FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class). The same FEC group will be treated with the same way in
MPLS networks. FEC is a group of L3 messages, which will be forwarded along the same path, at the same
priority level, and in the same mode. There are two steps to finish the forwarding process:
Analyze the packet header and divide packets into FEC
Map the FEC to the next-hop
In traditional IP forwarding networks, each router will process the same packet with the above two steps. FEC
can include one or more FEC units. All of them are L3 message packets that can be mapped to the same LSP.
At present, there are two types of FEC:
Address Prefix: Use the Address Prefix to identify a FEC unit, whose length ranges from 0 to the full
address length. Each Address Prefix FEC unit corresponds with a destination subnet.
Host Address: Use the Host Address to identify a FEC unit, as each unit corresponds with a host
address.
The division rules of FEC is very flexible, which can be any combination of source address, destination
address, source port, destination port, protocol type, VPN and etc. For instance, in the traditional IP
forwarding using the Longest Prefix Match Algorism, all packets targeted at the same destination address
belong to one FEC.
Label
In MPLS networks,,each specific FEC will be encoded at the edge LSR into a label - a short, fixed-length
value, which will be added to the head of packets and turn them into label packets, before they are forwarded.
Besides a segment identifying FEC, labels also include a COS segment, and thus representing FEC,
precedence, and service class as a whole. LSR will divide packets reaching different ports into different FEC
to establish the foundation of VPN. When a LSR creates a new FEC, it will also create a corresponding label,
and advertise it to all peers. LSR maintain both incoming and outgoing labels. To implement load sharing, one
FEC may correspond with multiple labels, but one label can only represent one FEC.
Labels, being carried in packet header, don’t include topology information, and is only locally meaningful. The
label length is 4 bytes. The figure demonstrates its encapsulation structure: