User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
- Chapter 2 INSTALLATION
- Chapter 3 Switch Management
- Chapter 4 Basic Switch Configuration
- Chapter 5 File System Operations
- Chapter 6 Cluster Configuration
- Chapter 7 Port Configuration
- Chapter 8 Port Isolation Function Configuration
- Chapter 9 Port Loopback Detection Function Configuration
- Chapter 10 ULDP Function Configuration
- Chapter 11 LLDP Function Operation Configuration
- Chapter 12 Port Channel Configuration
- Chapter 13 Jumbo Configuration
- Chapter 14 EFM OAM Configuration
- Chapter 15 VLAN Configuration
- Chapter 16 MAC Table Configuration
- Chapter 17 MSTP Configuration
- Chapter 18 QoS Configuration
- Chapter 19 Flow-based Redirection
- Chapter 20 Egress QoS Configuration
- Chapter 21 Flexible Q-in-Q Configuration
- Chapter 22 Layer 3 Forward Configuration
- Chapter 23 ARP Scanning Prevention Function Configuration
- Chapter 24 Prevent ARP, ND Spoofing Configuration
- Chapter 25 ARP GUARD Configuration
- Chapter 26 ARP Local Proxy Configuration
- Chapter 27 Gratuitous ARP Configuration
- Chapter 28 Keepalive Gateway Configuration
- Chapter 29 DHCP Configuration
- Chapter 30 DHCPv6 Configuration
- Chapter 31 DHCP option 82 Configuration
- Chapter 32 DHCPv6 option37, 38
- Chapter 33 DHCP Snooping Configuration
- Chapter 34 Routing Protocol Overview
- Chapter 35 Static Route
- Chapter 36 RIP
- Chapter 37 RIPng
- Chapter 38 OSPF
- Chapter 39 OSPFv3
- Chapter 40 BGP
- 40.1 Introduction to BGP
- 40.2 BGP Configuration Task List
- 40.3 Configuration Examples of BGP
- 40.3.1 Examples 1: configure BGP neighbor
- 40.3.2 Examples 2: configure BGP aggregation
- 40.3.3 Examples 3: configure BGP community attributes
- 40.3.4 Examples 4: configure BGP confederation
- 40.3.5 Examples 5: configure BGP route reflector
- 40.3.6 Examples 6: configure MED of BGP
- 40.3.7 Examples 7: example of BGP VPN
- 40.4 BGP Troubleshooting
- Chapter 41 MBGP4+
- Chapter 42 Black Hole Routing Manual
- Chapter 43 GRE Tunnel Configuration
- Chapter 44 ECMP Configuration
- Chapter 45 BFD
- Chapter 46 BGP GR
- Chapter 47 OSPF GR
- Chapter 48 IPv4 Multicast Protocol
- 48.1 IPv4 Multicast Protocol Overview
- 48.2 PIM-DM
- 48.3 PIM-SM
- 48.4 MSDP Configuration
- 48.4.1 Introduction to MSDP
- 48.4.2 Brief Introduction to MSDP Configuration Tasks
- 48.4.3 Configuration of MSDP Basic Function
- 48.4.4 Configuration of MSDP Entities
- 48.4.5 Configuration of Delivery of MSDP Packet
- 48.4.6 Configuration of Parameters of SA-cache
- 48.4.7 MSDP Configuration Examples
- 48.4.8 MSDP Troubleshooting
- 48.5 ANYCAST RP Configuration
- 48.6 PIM-SSM
- 48.7 DVMRP
- 48.8 DCSCM
- 48.9 IGMP
- 48.10 IGMP Snooping
- 48.11 IGMP Proxy Configuration
- Chapter 49 IPv6 Multicast Protocol
- Chapter 50 Multicast VLAN
- Chapter 51 ACL Configuration
- Chapter 52 802.1x Configuration
- 52.1 Introduction to 802.1x
- 52.2 802.1x Configuration Task List
- 52.3 802.1x Application Example
- 52.4 802.1x Troubleshooting
- Chapter 53 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Configuration
- 53.1 Introduction to the Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP
- 53.2 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Configuration Task Sequence
- 53.3 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Typical Examples
- 53.4 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Troubleshooting Help
- Chapter 54 Operational Configuration of AM Function
- Chapter 55 TACACS+ Configuration
- Chapter 56 RADIUS Configuration
- Chapter 57 SSL Configuration
- Chapter 58 IPv6 Security RA Configuration
- Chapter 59 VLAN-ACL Configuration
- Chapter 60 MAB Configuration
- Chapter 61 PPPoE Intermediate Agent Configuration
- Chapter 62 SAVI Configuration
- Chapter 63 Web Portal Configuration
- Chapter 64 VRRP Configuration
- Chapter 65 IPv6 VRRPv3 Configuration
- Chapter 66 MRPP Configuration
- Chapter 67 ULPP Configuration
- Chapter 68 ULSM Configuration
- Chapter 69 Mirror Configuration
- Chapter 70 RSPAN Configuration
- Chapter 71 sFlow Configuration
- Chapter 72 SNTP Configuration
- Chapter 73 NTP Function Configuration
- Chapter 74 DNSv4/v6 Configuration
- Chapter 75 Summer Time Configuration
- Chapter 76 Monitor and Debug
- Chapter 77 Reload Switch after Specified Time
- Chapter 78 Debugging and Diagnosis for Packets Received and Sent by CPU
- Chapter 79 VSF
- Chapter 80 PoE Configuration
- Chapter 81 SWITCH OPERATION
- Chapter 82 TROUBLESHOOTING
- Chapter 83 APPENDIX A
- Chapter 84 GLOSSARY
4-17
4.5.3 FTP/TFTP Upgrade
4.5.3.1 Introduction to FTP/TFTP
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)/TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol) are both file transfer protocols that belonging
to fourth layer(application layer) of the TCP/IP protocol stack, used for transferring files between hosts, hosts
and switches. Both of them transfer files in a client-server model. Their differences are listed below.
FTP builds upon TCP to provide reliable connection-oriented data stream transfer service. However, it does
not provide file access authorization and uses simple authentication mechanism (transfers username and
password in plain text for authentication). When using FTP to transfer files, two connections need to be
established between the client and the server: a management connection and a data connection. A transfer
request should be sent by the FTP client to establish management connection on port 21 in the server, and
negotiate a data connection through the management connection.
There are two types of data connections: active connection and passive connection.
In active connection, the client transmits its address and port number for data transmission to the server, the
management connection maintains until data transfer is complete. Then, using the address and port number
provided by the client, the server establishes data connection on port 20 (if not engaged) to transfer data; if
port 20 is engaged, the server automatically generates some other port number to establish data connection.
In passive connection, the client, through management connection, notify the server to establish a passive
connection. The server then creates its own data listening port and informs the client about the port, and the
client establishes data connection to the specified port.
As data connection is established through the specified address and port, there is a third party to provide data
connection service.
TFTP builds upon UDP, providing unreliable data stream transfer service with no user authentication or
permission-based file access authorization. It ensures correct data transmission by sending and
acknowledging mechanism and retransmission of time-out packets. The advantage of TFTP over FTP is that
it is a simple and low overhead file transfer service.
Switch can operate as either FTP/TFTP client or server. When switch operates as a FTP/TFTP client,
configuration files or system files can be downloaded from the remote FTP/TFTP servers (can be hosts or
other switches) without affecting its normal operation. And file list can also be retrieved from the server in ftp
client mode. Of course, switch can also upload current configuration files or system files to the remote
FTP/TFTP servers (can be hosts or other switches). When switch operates as a FTP/TFTP server, it can
provide file upload and download service for authorized FTP/TFTP clients, as file list service as FTP server.
Here are some terms frequently used in FTP/TFTP.
ROM: Short for EPROM, erasable read-only memory. EPROM is repalced by FLASH memory in
switch.
SDRAM: RAM memory in the switch, used for system software operation and configuration
sequence storage.
FLASH: Flash memory used to save system file and configuration file.