User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
- Chapter 2 INSTALLATION
- Chapter 3 Switch Management
- Chapter 4 Basic Switch Configuration
- Chapter 5 File System Operations
- Chapter 6 Cluster Configuration
- Chapter 7 Port Configuration
- Chapter 8 Port Isolation Function Configuration
- Chapter 9 Port Loopback Detection Function Configuration
- Chapter 10 ULDP Function Configuration
- Chapter 11 LLDP Function Operation Configuration
- Chapter 12 Port Channel Configuration
- Chapter 13 Jumbo Configuration
- Chapter 14 EFM OAM Configuration
- Chapter 15 VLAN Configuration
- Chapter 16 MAC Table Configuration
- Chapter 17 MSTP Configuration
- Chapter 18 QoS Configuration
- Chapter 19 Flow-based Redirection
- Chapter 20 Egress QoS Configuration
- Chapter 21 Flexible Q-in-Q Configuration
- Chapter 22 Layer 3 Forward Configuration
- Chapter 23 ARP Scanning Prevention Function Configuration
- Chapter 24 Prevent ARP, ND Spoofing Configuration
- Chapter 25 ARP GUARD Configuration
- Chapter 26 ARP Local Proxy Configuration
- Chapter 27 Gratuitous ARP Configuration
- Chapter 28 Keepalive Gateway Configuration
- Chapter 29 DHCP Configuration
- Chapter 30 DHCPv6 Configuration
- Chapter 31 DHCP option 82 Configuration
- Chapter 32 DHCPv6 option37, 38
- Chapter 33 DHCP Snooping Configuration
- Chapter 34 Routing Protocol Overview
- Chapter 35 Static Route
- Chapter 36 RIP
- Chapter 37 RIPng
- Chapter 38 OSPF
- Chapter 39 OSPFv3
- Chapter 40 BGP
- 40.1 Introduction to BGP
- 40.2 BGP Configuration Task List
- 40.3 Configuration Examples of BGP
- 40.3.1 Examples 1: configure BGP neighbor
- 40.3.2 Examples 2: configure BGP aggregation
- 40.3.3 Examples 3: configure BGP community attributes
- 40.3.4 Examples 4: configure BGP confederation
- 40.3.5 Examples 5: configure BGP route reflector
- 40.3.6 Examples 6: configure MED of BGP
- 40.3.7 Examples 7: example of BGP VPN
- 40.4 BGP Troubleshooting
- Chapter 41 MBGP4+
- Chapter 42 Black Hole Routing Manual
- Chapter 43 GRE Tunnel Configuration
- Chapter 44 ECMP Configuration
- Chapter 45 BFD
- Chapter 46 BGP GR
- Chapter 47 OSPF GR
- Chapter 48 IPv4 Multicast Protocol
- 48.1 IPv4 Multicast Protocol Overview
- 48.2 PIM-DM
- 48.3 PIM-SM
- 48.4 MSDP Configuration
- 48.4.1 Introduction to MSDP
- 48.4.2 Brief Introduction to MSDP Configuration Tasks
- 48.4.3 Configuration of MSDP Basic Function
- 48.4.4 Configuration of MSDP Entities
- 48.4.5 Configuration of Delivery of MSDP Packet
- 48.4.6 Configuration of Parameters of SA-cache
- 48.4.7 MSDP Configuration Examples
- 48.4.8 MSDP Troubleshooting
- 48.5 ANYCAST RP Configuration
- 48.6 PIM-SSM
- 48.7 DVMRP
- 48.8 DCSCM
- 48.9 IGMP
- 48.10 IGMP Snooping
- 48.11 IGMP Proxy Configuration
- Chapter 49 IPv6 Multicast Protocol
- Chapter 50 Multicast VLAN
- Chapter 51 ACL Configuration
- Chapter 52 802.1x Configuration
- 52.1 Introduction to 802.1x
- 52.2 802.1x Configuration Task List
- 52.3 802.1x Application Example
- 52.4 802.1x Troubleshooting
- Chapter 53 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Configuration
- 53.1 Introduction to the Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP
- 53.2 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Configuration Task Sequence
- 53.3 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Typical Examples
- 53.4 The Number Limitation Function of Port, MAC in VLAN and IP Troubleshooting Help
- Chapter 54 Operational Configuration of AM Function
- Chapter 55 TACACS+ Configuration
- Chapter 56 RADIUS Configuration
- Chapter 57 SSL Configuration
- Chapter 58 IPv6 Security RA Configuration
- Chapter 59 VLAN-ACL Configuration
- Chapter 60 MAB Configuration
- Chapter 61 PPPoE Intermediate Agent Configuration
- Chapter 62 SAVI Configuration
- Chapter 63 Web Portal Configuration
- Chapter 64 VRRP Configuration
- Chapter 65 IPv6 VRRPv3 Configuration
- Chapter 66 MRPP Configuration
- Chapter 67 ULPP Configuration
- Chapter 68 ULSM Configuration
- Chapter 69 Mirror Configuration
- Chapter 70 RSPAN Configuration
- Chapter 71 sFlow Configuration
- Chapter 72 SNTP Configuration
- Chapter 73 NTP Function Configuration
- Chapter 74 DNSv4/v6 Configuration
- Chapter 75 Summer Time Configuration
- Chapter 76 Monitor and Debug
- Chapter 77 Reload Switch after Specified Time
- Chapter 78 Debugging and Diagnosis for Packets Received and Sent by CPU
- Chapter 79 VSF
- Chapter 80 PoE Configuration
- Chapter 81 SWITCH OPERATION
- Chapter 82 TROUBLESHOOTING
- Chapter 83 APPENDIX A
- Chapter 84 GLOSSARY
48-1
Chapter 48 IPv4 Multicast Protocol
48.1 IPv4 Multicast Protocol Overview
This chapter will give an introduction to the configuration of IPv4 Multicast Protocol. All IPs in this chapter are
IPv4.
48.1.1 Introduction to Multicast
Various transmission modes can be adopted when the destination of packet (including data, sound and video)
transmission is the minority users in the network. One way is to use Unicast mode, i.e. to set up a separate
data transmission path for each user; or, to use Broadcast mode, which is to send messages to all users in
the network, and they will receive the Broadcast messages no matter they need or not. For example, if there
are 200 users in a network who want to receive the same packet, then the traditional solution is to send this
packet for 200 times separately via Unicast to guarantee the users who need the data can get all data wanted,
or send the data in the entire domain via Broadcast. Transferring the data in the whole range of network .The
users who need these data can get directly from the network. Both modes waste a great deal of valuable
bandwidth resource, and furthermore, Broadcast mode goes against the security and secrecy.
The emergence of IP Multicast technology solved this problem in time. The Multicast source only sends out
the message once, Multicast Routing Protocol sets up tree-routing for Multicast data packet, and then the
transferred packet just starts to be duplicated and distributed in the bifurcate crossing as far as possible. Thus
the packet can be sent to every user who needs it accurately and effectively.
It should be noticed that it is not necessary for Multicast source to join in Multicast group. It sends data to
some Multicast groups, but it is not necessarily a receiver of the group itself. There can be more than one
source sending packets to a Multicast group simultaneously. There may exist routers in the network which do
not support Multicast, but a Multicast router can encapsulate the Multicast packets into Unicast IP packets
with tunnel mode to send them to the Multicast router next to it, which will take off the Unicast IP header and
continue the Multicast transmission process, thus a big alteration of network structure is avoided. The primary
advantages of Multicast are:
1. Enhance efficiency: reduce network traffic, lighten the load of server and CPU
2. Optimize performance: reduce redundant traffic
3. Distributed application: Enable Multipoint Application
48.1.2 Multicast Address
The destination address of Multicast message uses class D IP address with range from 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255. D class address can not appear in the source IP address field of an IP message. In the
process of Unicast data transmission, the transmission path of a data packet is from source address routing to
destination address, and the transmission is performed with hop-by-hop principle. However, in IP Multicast
environment, the destination addresses is a group instead of a single one, they form a group address. All
message receivers will join in a group, and once they do, the data flowing to the group address will be sent to
the receivers immediately and all members in the group will receive the data packets. The members in a