INTERFACE User Manual SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Order No.
INTERFACE User Manual Power Supply Units 07/2005 Designation: SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Revision: 03 Order No.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Please Observe the Following Notes In order to guarantee the safe use of the product described, please read this manual carefully. The following notes give you information on how to use this manual.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E General Terms and Conditions of Use for Technical Documentation Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG reserves the right to alter, correct, and/or improve the technical documentation and the products described in the technical documentation at its own discretion and without giving any notice. The receipt of technical documentation (in particular data sheets, installation instructions, manuals, etc.) does not constitute any further duty on the part of Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Statement of Legal Authority This manual, including all illustrations contained herein, is copyright protected. This manual is to be used for its intended purpose only, all other usage is prohibited. Reproduction, translation and public disclosure, as well as electronic and photographic archiving and modification require written consent by Phoenix Contact. Violators are liable for damages.
Table of Contents 1 General ...................................................................................................................................1-1 2 Basics .....................................................................................................................................2-1 3 2.1 Mechanical Structure ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Open Frame Devices ...................................................
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 4 3.18 Harmonics ........................................................................................................3-47 3.18.1 Harmonic Filter (Inductance) ............................................................3-51 3.18.2 PFC ..................................................................................................3-52 3.19 Approvals .........................................................................................................
General 1 General Power supply units have a great influence on the availability and operational safety of electrical systems. Therefore, the power supply unit should be chosen as carefully as all the other system components. In the field of automation technology the innovation cycles are getting shorter and shorter. For this reason the system planner must concentrate on the major tasks. Universal power supply units must therefore meet all the demands required.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 1-2 PHOENIX CONTACT 5598_en_03
Basics 2 Basics This section introduces the most important basic terms with regard to "power supply units". This information will enable you to choose the power supply unit that best meets your requirements. 2.1 Mechanical Structure Shock protection Foreign body protection Water protection The mechanical structure and the housing of the device largely determine its compliance with safety regulations and thus the possible installation location of the power supply unit.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 2.1.1 Open Frame Devices 5598A406 Figure 2-1 Open frame device Power supply units constructed for 19" racks or as open frame modules are mainly used to supply single components within an existing housing (e.g., internal power supply of an oscilloscope). Devices with an open frame structure correspond to IP00 protection. These devices are not protected against the penetration by foreign bodies or water.
Basics 2.1.2 Enclosed Devices OK D C O u tp u t D C 2 4 V 2 0 A DC In p u t 3 A L C 1 4 0 L 02 5 0 0 L V 3 T IN U Q 2 Ad 2 ,5 ju -2 st 8 ,5 V P 1 3 W O 1 4 E R OK 5598C407 Figure 2-2 Enclosed device (example: QUINT POWER 20A/3-phase) Power supply units accommodated in a housing are known as "enclosed devices".
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 2.2 Electrical Structure For power supply units a distinction is made between input and output variables. For a better understanding, the variables are illustrated in Figure 2-3.
Basics Class of protection According to DIN VDE 0106 Part 1, electrical equipment (including power supply units) is divided into the classes of protection 0, I, II and III. Devices with class of protection 0 are not permitted in Germany. Compact power supply units are usually designed to meet class of protection I or II. The classes of protection each relate to the single device.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Safe isolation According to DIN VDE 0106 Part 101, two circuits are safely isolated if there is an adequate degree of certainty that the voltage of one circuit cannot affect the other circuit. This includes a careful choice of the insulation, the use of safety transformers and complete electrical isolation including the isolation of the closed-loop control circuit by optocouplers.
Basics Secondary grounding The secondary grounding ensures reliable protection in case of ground faults in DC circuits of electrical systems. Ground faults may lead to dangerous situations for persons and machines. A ground fault is an impermissible conductive connection to PE, e.g., if the bare wire touches a grounded housing as a result of a damaged insulation. Figure 2-4 shows that ground faults are extremely critical when occurring in the current path between the secondary fuse and load.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Reliable protection can be obtained by grounding the safety extra low voltage after PE on the secondary side at a defined position. Ideally, the secondary grounding is established directly on the output terminal of the power supply unit as shown in Figure 2-5. If, in this way, the first ground fault is generated intentionally and at a defined position, every other unintentional ground fault will cause an output voltage short circuit in the critical area between the fuse and the load.
Basics Figure 2-6 shows how the secondary grounding of the safety extra low voltage to PE according to VDE 0100-410 can be created.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 2.3 Regulation Types Apart from the mechanical and electrical structure, the type of regulation is of major importance for the choice of a power supply unit. A distinction must generally be made between regulated and unregulated devices. 2.3.1 Voltage fluctuations at the output, good efficiency Unregulated Devices With unregulated devices, the AC line voltage is transformed using a 50 Hz transformer and then rectified.
Basics 2.3.2 Series controller Primary-switched controller Regulated Devices Two types of regulated power supply units have been successfully implemented: On the one hand, the widely distributed series controllers and on the other hand, the primary switched-mode controllers. Success in the development of power electronics has contributed to primary switched-mode power supply units gaining more and more importance.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Regulated Primary Switched-Mode Devices Constant output voltage, good efficiency In primary switched-mode power supply units the AC line voltage is first rectified. The DC voltage generated in this way is then smoothed and chopped or switched. This is carried out periodically by a power transistor at frequencies from 40 kHz to 180 kHz. The squarewave voltage resulting from this process is transformed by means of a high-frequency transformer.
Basics U tON tOFF t 5598D007 Figure 2-10 Pulse duty factor diagram The efficiency of primary switched-mode devices is 80% to 90% - much better than the efficiency of linearly regulated devices. Therefore, in a primary switched-mode device less heat loss is generated and the relatively small transformer needs to provide only a small amount of dissipated power. Light and compact Circuits based on the primary switched-mode controller principle enable the design of extremely light and compact devices.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 2.4 Converter Types For use in primary switched-mode power supply units different types of converters have proved to be effective. Generally, a distinction must be made between single-ended converters and push-pull converters. Single-ended converters are the simplest primary switched-mode power supply units. The most important converter types are described in Figure 2-11.
Basics 2.4.1 Flyback Converter Flyback converters enable wide distribution of "low" power. Up to now, flyback converters have only been used in power supply units with up to 200 W, approximately. Thanks to more powerful components with reduced power dissipation, flyback converters can now be used for power supply units with an output power of up to 1000 W, approximately. Flyback converters are categorized according to the number of power switches used.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E + tr I1 Uout D1 Uin U1 U2 C1 C2 Tr Uctrl - S1 5598D412 Figure 2-12 Flyback converter with switch S1 closed The rectified line voltage Uin is applied to the input of the flyback converter. Capacitance C1 is used as temporary storage because the energy is stored there during the off-state phase. When power switch S1 is closed, the primary voltage of the transformer U1 is equal to the input voltage Uin.
Basics If the power switch S1 is opened the polarity of the voltages U1 and U2 on the transformer Tr is reversed according to Faraday's law. The transformer is now acting as a current source. Diode D1 becomes conductive and forwards the stored energy to capacitance C2. In this type of converter energy is not transported continuously. Energy is only transmitted to the output circuit if power switch S1 is opened. Therefore this type of converter is known as flyback converter.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Flyback Converters With Two Power Transistors For the performance range from 200 W to 1000 W flyback converters with two power transistors are used. These power transistors are controlled in parallel. The principle of function of this flyback converter is very similar to the basic principle mentioned above. The two power switches in the primary circuit now require two diodes. The secondary circuit remains unchanged with regard to the basic principle of the flyback converter.
Basics 2.4.2 Forward Converter Primary switched-mode power supply units with an output power of greater than 200 W used to be designed with forward converters. Today, flyback converters may be used for an output power of up to 1000 W. Therefore, forward converters are more and more being replaced by space-saving and reliable flyback converters, also for higher performance ranges. The following section explains the circuit principle of forward converters.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E If switch S1 is closed the current I1 flows through the primary winding N1 of the transformer Tr. As with the flyback converter, one part of the current I1 is stored in the transformer Tr in the form of magnetic energy. Unlike the flyback converter the windings N1 and N2 have the same winding sense. As a result, the current I1 induces the square-wave voltage U2 of the same polarity in the secondary winding N2.
Basics In order for the transformer Tr to be available for the maximum energy flow after re-closing the power switch S1, the remaining magnetic energy in the transformer Tr must be discharged when the power switch S1 is open. Because of the reversing diode D1 the secondary circuit is not available. This requires an additional winding N1' in the primary circuit. The winding discharges the magnetic energy.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Uctrl S1 open S1 closed t t1 T Uin U1 t -Uin U3 Uin x tr t I1 t I1 t I3 ID3 ID1 ∆ I 3 Ia = I 3 t 5598D418 Figure 2-18 2-22 PHOENIX CONTACT Characteristic curves of current and voltage for forward converters 5598_en_03
Basics 2.4.3 Push-Pull Converter Push-pull converters are used for very high performance ranges beginning at 1000 W. Basically, a push-pull converter consists of two forward converters and therefore always has two power switches. Using push-pull converters, every clock is used for power transmission. As a result, the output power is much higher compared to forward converters. As with flyback and forward converters, the rectified line voltage Uin is used as the input voltage.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 2-24 PHOENIX CONTACT 5598_en_03
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3 Useful Information from Everyday Practice Questions arising from practical work are being answered in this section. The questions have been sorted by subjects and serve as a reference work for the user, both in the planning stage and when maintaining and expanding existing systems. 3.1 Parallel Connection Only specifically designed power supply units can be connected in parallel.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Device balancing 1. Power supply unit 1 is in operation and at no-load mode. The desired output voltage is set via the potentiometer using a voltmeter (see Figure 3-1). Output 24 V DC Output 24 V DC 13 14 DC OK 13 14 DC OK V 5598D008 Figure 3-2 2. 3-2 PHOENIX CONTACT Voltage balancing (2nd step) Both power supply units and the voltmeter are connected as shown in Figure 3-2. Both power supply units are in operation and at no-load mode.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.1.1 Field of application System expansion Parallel Connection for Increasing Power Parallel connection for increasing power is used when expanding existing systems. Parallel connection is only required if the most powerful load requires more current than the existing power supply unit can supply. It is recommended in all other cases to distribute the loads on individual devices independent from each other.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E The existing 5 A load from the system described in problem 1 is to be replaced by a 25 A load. REQUIRED: 20 A 25 A 20 A 8A 25 A 8A 5A 5A 20 A Exchange ACTUAL: 5A Problem 2 5598D022 Figure 3-4 Solution Example with 25 A load A single 20 A device cannot supply this load with electrical energy on its own.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Tips for Implementation Power supply unit 1 Power supply unit 2 24 V DC 24 V DC Load 5598D009 Figure 3-5 Correct parallel connection in the secondary circuit All cable connections must have the same length and the same cross section from the power supply unit to the busbar.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E The devices must never be connected as shown in Figure 3-6. Otherwise, the connection terminals might be overloaded. All devices with COMBICON connections must only carry a load of 20 A on each terminal point.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.1.2 Parallel Connection for Designing Redundant Circuits Fields of Application Increasing system availability Redundant circuits are intended to supply systems, which have a high demand concerning operational reliability. If a fault occurs in the primary circuit of the first power supply unit, the second device automatically takes over the complete power supply without interruption, and vice versa.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E In order to operate the devices independently from a phase failure each single unit should be connected to a different phase, if possible (see Figure 3-7). ~ 400 V AC Connection to L1 Connection to L2 L1 L2 L3 N PE L N PE L N PE 24 V DC Load Figure 3-7 5598D011 One-phase redundancy operation For three-phase devices with external protection, individual protection must be provided for each device.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice ~ 400 V AC L1 L2 L3 N PE L1 L2 L3 PE L1 L2 L3 PE 24 V DC Load Figure 3-8 5598_en_03 Load 5598D012 Three-phase redundancy operation PHOENIX CONTACT 3-9
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Output circuit decoupling diodes required for 100% redundancy All power supply units from Phoenix Contact, which can be connected in parallel, are dimensioned in such a way that an internal short circuit in the secondary circuit is virtually impossible. This means that for parallel connection of multiple power supply units no decoupling diodes are required in the output circuit. External diodes are only needed for a 100% redundancy and when more than two units are required.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.2 Voltage doubling 48 V DC Series Connection for Increasing Voltage (48 V DC) Two devices designed for this purpose can be connected in series for voltage doubling (48 V DC). All QUINT POWER power supply units from Phoenix Contact are designed for use in series connection. Only devices of the same performance class should be connected in series. STEP POWER and MINI POWER power supply units cannot be connected in series for increasing the voltage.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.3 Preventive Function Monitoring DC OK The combination of function monitoring and early error detection is called "Preventive Function Monitoring" at Phoenix Contact. This technology allows reliable monitoring of the output voltage and early error detection on a load. Function monitoring is designed as a separate electronic circuit in the power supply unit, which continuously monitors the output voltage set.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Figure 3-10 shows the curve of the voltage U over the time t. The output voltage is above 90% of the value set. This state is indicated by the LED, which is permanently on, by a 24 V DC voltage level of at the switching output and by the relay contact closed. Uout Output voltage UN 10% Uout > 90% x UN 0.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Figure 3-11 shows the curve of the voltage U over the time t. Point t1 indicates the falling of the output voltage below the signaling threshold value. This state is indicated by a flashing LED, a 0 V voltage level at the switching output and the relay contact opened. A load error often causes the output voltage to fall down. Short circuit and overload are typical errors. Function monitoring not only monitors the output voltage but also the connected loads.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Figure 3-12 and Figure 3-13 show the possible signal output circuits for evaluation using signal indicators. Both signal outputs can also be directly read by a higher-level control system, e.g., PLC. Output 24 V DC 13 14 DC OK 24 V DC 40 mA DC OK 5598D302 Figure 3-12 DC OK switching output Output 24 V DC 13 14 DC OK DC OK max.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Early error detection Power supply units with function monitoring are always used if maximum system availability and minimum downtimes are important. Load errors, which may lead to power supply unit overload, can often only hardly be localized. In the worst case, they cannot be localized at all. On a long-term view, this can lead to expensive system downtimes, which are difficult to maintain. The solution is an early error detection called preventive function monitoring.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Signaling in parallel operation System availability is additionally increased if two power supply units are connected in parallel for redundancy reasons. Remote monitoring is recommended for each power supply unit in order to immediately detect a device failure and to keep the redundancy at any point of time. Multiple power supply units can either be monitored individually or using a common signal.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E The following tables give you an overview of the signal meanings: Table 3-2 QUINT POWER Green "DC OK" LED LED ON LED Flashing LED OFF Transistor switching output U = 24 V U=0V U=0V Electrically isolated contact Closed Opened Opened Meaning Output voltage above 90% of the voltage set Output voltage below 90% of the voltage set No voltage at the output State description – – QUINT POWER operational Load error Current consumption is higher than IBOOST Output short-circ
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Table 3-4 STEP POWER Green "POWER" LED LED ON LED ON LED OFF Red "OVERLOAD" LED LED OFF LED ON LED OFF Meaning – – – – – STEP POWER operational Output voltage OK – Load error STEP POWER operational Thermally or electrically overloaded – – – Remedy – – – 5598_en_03 Remove load error Connect STEP POWER of the same type in parallel to the existing device Reset STEP POWER by shortly disconnecting the line voltage or the load – – – STEP POWER out
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.4 Adjustment range: +22.5 V DC to +28.5 V DC Adjustability of the Output Voltage Phoenix Contact offers power supply units with either fixed voltage output or adjustable voltage output. QUINT POWER power supply units have a nominal output voltage of 24 V. This voltage can be freely adjusted in the range from 22.5 V to 28.5 V. By default, these devices are set to a voltage of exactly 24 V DC.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Table 3-5 l I On-load voltage UL as a function of the output current I and the cable length l for copper cables with a cross section of 1.5 mm2 (16 AWG) 2.5 A 0m 24.0 V 10 m (33 ft.) 23.42 5A 28.5 V 24.0 V 27.92 10 A 28.5 V 24.0 V 22.83 27.33 20 A 28.5 V 24.0 V 21.66 26.16 19.32 30 A 28.5 V 24.0 V 23.82 40 A 28.5 V 24.0 V 16.98 21.48 28.5 V 14.64 19.14 20 m (66 ft.) 22.83 27.33 21.66 26.16 19.32 23.82 14.64 19.14 9.96 14.46 5.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Table 3-8 L I On-load voltage UL as a function of the output current I and the cable length l for copper cables with a cross section of 6 mm2 (10 AWG) 30 A 0m 40 A 24.0 V 28.5 V 24.0 V 28.5 V 10 m (33 ft.) 22.25 26.75 21.66 26.16 20 m (66 ft.) 20.49 24.99 19.32 23.82 30 m (98 ft.) 18.74 23.24 16.98 21.48 40 m (131 ft.) 16.98 21.48 14.64 19.14 50 m (164 ft.) 15.23 19.73 12.30 16.80 60 m (197 ft.) 13.47 17.97 9.96 14.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.5 Wide-Range Input All QUINT POWER, MINI POWER and STEP POWER power supply units are equipped with a wide-range input. Therefore, all one-phase power supply units can be operated on line voltages from 85 to 264 V AC and all three-phase power supply units on line voltages from 320 to 575 V AC. These voltage ranges cover the most important supply networks worldwide.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.6 Connection to Different Network Configurations Figure 3-17 shows the connection of a one-phase power supply unit to different network configurations.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice The following graphics show the connection of a three-phase power supply unit to different network configurations.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 120 V, one-phase (2-wire) Phase 1 120 V AC PEN conductor Ground PE 24 V DC 120 V AC QUINT PS 120/240 V isolated, one-phase (3-wire) Phase 1 240 V AC PEN conductor Phase 2 Ground PE 240 V AC 24 V DC QUINT PS 5598D321 Figure 3-19 3-26 PHOENIX CONTACT US network configurations (one-phase) 5598_en_03
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 480/277 V, three-phase (4-wire) Phase 1 480 V AC Phase 2 480 V AC PEN conductor PE 480 V AC Phase 3 24 V DC 480 V AC QUINT PS 5598D322 Figure 3-20 US network configurations (three-phase) Phoenix Contact power supply units are suitable for connection to all network configurations shown above.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.7 Selective Protection by Means of Fusing in the Secondary Circuit High-quality power supply units are electronically protected against short circuit and overload. For device protection external fuses in the secondary circuit are thus not required for these power supply units. Current path n Current path 2 Current path 1 If the output current of a central 24 V power supply is distributed onto several loads, it is recommended to protect each current path individually.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Unregulated Unregulated power supply units provide the highest short-circuit current. The maximum short-circuit current of these devices is only limited by the fuse at the device output and can typically be ten times the nominal output current for a short period.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Secondary-circuit fusing Secondary circuit breakers/fuses NEOZED X X* X X X X X X 10 A QUINT 5 A three-phase 6A X 2A X X 6A X X 4A 2A X 4A X QUINT 2.5 A one-phase 2A X 6A X* 4A X 2A QUINT 5 A onephase 6A 10 A M (Medium-Blow) 6A F1 (Fast-Blow) 10 A Type C 10 A B TMC 4A Circuit Breaker 10 A Table 3-10 When using secondary miniature circuit breakers/fuses the question arises what type to use.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.8 Layout of External Primary-Circuit Fusing All one-phase power supply units from Phoenix Contact are provided with internal fuses in the primary circuit. If the fuse blows there probably is a device fault. In this case, the device must be sent back to and checked by Phoenix Contact. The primary circuits of three-phase QUINT POWER power supply units are protected externally using three-phase thermomagnetic circuit breakers.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.9 Layout of 24 V DC Supply Cables (Cable Cross Section) Cables are designed according to VDE 0100 Part 523 (current carrying capacity of conductors and cables). The following current carrying capacities for isolated multi-wire cables are permitted: Table 3-11 Cable cross sections Nominal cross section Cu in mm2 1.5 2.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Example A power supply unit with the output values Ia = 5 A and Ua = 24 V supplies a load, which is connected to it via a 5 m (16 ft.) copper cable with a cross section of A = 2.5 mm2 (14 AWG). How high is the voltage UL across the load? 2 A = 2.5 mm (Cu) Ia = 5 A Power supply unit UL = ? Ua = 24 V Load =5m 5598D026 Figure 3-23 Voltage across the load According to formula [2] there is (with P = U · I): 200 u[%] = (24 V) 2 24 V 5 A m 2 2.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.10 Rating of the AC Low Voltage Supply Line For one-phase systems (with p = U · I · cos ϕ) according to formula [2] there is: 1~ u [%] = 200 p U2 A 200 I U = cos A [3] For three-phase systems (with p = √3 U · I · cos ϕ) according to formula [2] there is: 3~ u [%] = 100 p U2 A 3 I 100 = U cos [4] A All formulaic symbols are defined in section 3.9, "Layout of 24 V DC Supply Cables (Cable Cross Section)".
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.11 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility Questions on EMC The major EMC standards ((ElectroMagnetic Compatibility) for EU conformity of compact power supply units are listed in the following table. In general, power supply units, which are provided with the CE conformity mark, must not interfere with other devices in an unauthorized manner and must not be interfered with in their function in an unauthorized manner by other devices.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Harmonics Suppressing high-frequently reverse currents is explained in the EN 61000-3-2 standard. This standard is valid since January 1st, 2001, and is based on the predecessor standard EN 60555-2. EN 61000-3-2 is part of the basic EMC standard EN 61000-6-3 (noise emission) (see also section 3.18, "Harmonics"). This standard contains limit values for harmonic currents, which are determined with reference to the input network current.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.13 Short-Term Mains Buffering In many applications the power supply unit must also buffer the DC voltage during shortterm interruptions of the supplying AC voltage. For primary-switched mode power supply units this can be achieved with a minimum effort by buffering the 600 V DC voltage in the intermediate circuit using capacitors. The aim should be mains buffering of at least 20 ms in order to be able to buffer the voltage dip of a complete line supply cycle.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.14 Active inrush current limiting instead of NTC Starting Behavior of the Power Supply Unit Particular attention should be paid to the starting behavior of the power supply units in warm operating state. The cost-effective circuit version protects the power supply unit inputs from high input currents by means of an ohmic resistor and an NTC thermistor connected in series.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.15 Output Characteristic Curves of Power Supply Units A sound circuit concept is often revealed when it is first started. The output characteristic curve used is typical of the power supply unit behavior. The characteristic curve specifies the history of the output voltage as a function of the output current. It must be noted that capacitive loads (e.g.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.15.1 Fold-Back Characteristic Power supply units with fold-back characteristic are electronically protected against overload and short circuit. The maximum output current is typically 1.1 times the nominal current. In the event of an overload the working point passes along the curve shown in Figure 3-26. Depending on the controller temperature and in the event of a short circuit the device output is switched off to be protected against high currents.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.15.2 U/I Characteristic Power supply units with U/I characteristic are electronically protected against overload and short circuit. For a 24 V DC voltage, the maximum output current is typically 1.1 times the nominal current. In the event of an overload or a short circuit the output current of 1.1 times IN is still available while the output voltage is reduced. Uout [V] 24 Iout [A] IN 1.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.15.3 U/I Characteristic With Power Boost Power supply units with U/I characteristic and power boost are electronically protected against overload and short circuit. At nominal voltage the maximum output current of these devices is up to two times the nominal current, depending on the type and ambient temperature. Overloading individual power supply units is thus permitted up to 100%. In the event of heavier loads the working point uses the U/I curve shown in Figure 3-28.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.16 Installation and Connection It is of decisive importance for quick and safe installation of industrial power supply units that the power supply unit can be mounted on DIN rails and is provided with a reliable connection method. All Phoenix Contact power supply units can be mounted on DIN rails. This also applies to powerful devices with output currents of up to 40 A.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 1 3 1 4 O K DC QUINT POWER 13 14 V DC OK t Ou C tD 24 A 10 pu DC 2 OK t jus Ad ,5V 8 2 2,5 5598C402 Figure 3-30 Secondary connection using COMBICON In these connector systems the supply lines are fastened to the connector using screws at initial installation. If required, the connector can be removed from the power supply unit without any tools. The connector must not be removed while power is connected. COMBICON connectors are being labeled by default.
Q U IN T P O W E R Useful Information from Everyday Practice Inp ut 1 L 3A C 2 L 40 0-5 00 V 3 L 22 Ad ,5- jus 28 t ,5V DC 13 14 C D OK Ou tp ut DC 24 V 20 OK A 5598C401 Figure 3-31 Connection using p.c.b. terminal block In order to handle high output currents safely and to enable the connection of cable cross sections of up to 10 mm² (8 AWG), p.c.b. terminal blocks are used for QUINT POWER with output currents of 20 A an higher.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Installation turned by 90° The DIN rail adapter, already mounted upon delivery, enables easy snapping on of the power supply unit onto the DIN rail. It is therefore ideal for the installation on NS 35 DIN rails. QUINT POWER can be adapted to the geometric demands of the most different applications. By adjusting the universal DIN rail adapter, the devices may be installed if space requirements are either particularly narrow or flat (see Figure 3-32). B A C 5598C323 Figure 3-32 3.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.18 Harmonics Each power supply unit transforming an AC (line) voltage in a DC voltage in order to supply electrical loads generates unwanted harmonics. The functioning mode of the power supply unit used has no influence on the generation of harmonics.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E All periodic functions can be evolved into a Fourier series, i.e., they can be divided into sinusoidal portions. The pulse-shaped current Iin can therefore be considered as a superimposition of a sinusoidal current with the network frequency as the basic frequency and several sinusoidal currents with integer multiples of this basic frequency. These currents are called harmonics (harmonic currents). Reactive power The sum of all harmonic currents represents a reactive power.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Displacement power The reactive power that is occurring most often in the field of electrical power engineering is called displacement power. It is generated in AC circuits with linear capacitive and inductive loads. With ohmic loads the current consumption is in phase with the sinusoidal voltage. In the load, the consumed apparent power S is completely converted to real power P. Reactive power Q is not generated and the value of the power factor λ is 1.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Distortion power Non-linear loads, e.g., rectifiers with smoothing capacitors or primary-switched mode power supply units, often do not have a sinusoidal-shaped current consumption. Reactive power Q is generated, with these loads, due to a distorted current consumption and harmonic currents. This reactive power is called distortion power. For calculating the apparent power S for non-linear loads, the sum of all harmonic currents is being considered.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice 3.18.1 Harmonic Filter (Inductance) Harmonic filters prevent harmonics from feeding back into the electrical supply network. Using inductance L1 in the primary circuit of the power supply unit the harmonic content is filtered. Figure 3-37 shows a simple rectifier with inductance L1 as an example. Because of using a filter this limiting method is often called passive limitation of harmonics.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.18.2 PFC Ideally, the generation of harmonics is already avoided when using primary-switched mode power supply units. With a sinusoidal current consumption the power supply unit responds like a linear load. Harmonics and distortion power are not generated. The power factor increases with reduced reactive power. Ideally, the apparent power is completely converted to real power. In this case, the power factor is exactly one.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice U, I Uin Iin with PFC t 5598D319 Figure 3-39 Limitation of harmonics by means of PFC All QUINT POWER, MINI POWER and STEP POWER power supply units from Phoenix Contact are below the limit values for harmonics and comply with EN 61000-3-2.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3.19 Approvals Each device must comply with the safety directives of the country in which the device is intended to be used. For power supply units this, for example, applies to the device safety, which is defined by EN 60950 in Europe, by UL 60950 in the USA and by CSA-C22.2 in Canada. For industrial applications, compliance with EN 50178 is often required in Europe and with UL 508 in the USA.
Useful Information from Everyday Practice Geprüfte Sicherheit (GS) (Approved Safety) "GS" stands for "Geprüfte Sicherheit" (approved safety). It is a European certification for devices according to the German Equipment Safety Law "GS". It is provided for products, which are included in the application area of the equipment safety law.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 3-56 PHOENIX CONTACT 5598_en_03
Selecting a Power Supply Unit 4 Selecting a Power Supply Unit Selecting a power supply unit for a specific application is the subject of this section. The power supply unit is selected successively on the basis of the following two lists of questions: "mechanical structure" and "electrical structure". All terms used are explained in section 2, "Basics".
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Table 4-1 Device comparison Unregulated, Filtered Linearly Regulated Primary-Switched Mode Weights for the same performance range (standardized) 5 7 1 Volume for the same performance range (standardized) 2.1 2.2 1 Efficiency 80%, approx. 40% to 60%, approx. > 90% Power dissipation at Pout = 1000 W 200 W, approx. 600 W, approx. < 75 W Input range -10% < Un < +6% -10% < Un < +6% -20% < Un < +15%, approx.
Selecting a Power Supply Unit 4.1 Supplying Electromechanical Components Phoenix Contact generally recommends using enclosed devices for industrial applications because they ensure particularly high protection of persons and systems. A regulated output voltage is not generally required for supplying electromechanical components such as valves, relays or electromagnetic switches. It is therefore sufficient to use an unregulated power supply unit for this.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 4.3 Using Power Supply Units on Strongly Fluctuating Networks Strongly fluctuating input networks are on the one hand present in countries which do not have a stable interconnected network, and on the other hand when starting and braking large electric motors. In these cases, it is unsuitable to use unregulated devices because the input voltage fluctuations are directely transferred to the output voltage.
Selecting a Power Supply Unit 4.5 Applications in Building Services Automation/ Facility Management Electrical power is mainly supplied to buildings via the public low-voltage network. Compliance with EN 55022, Class B, is essential for equipment in the commercial, business and domestic sector. In addition, all power supply units connected to the public network must comply with the European standard EN 61000-3-2 on limitation of harmonic currents. EN 61000-3-2 is valid since January 1st, 2001.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 4.6 Outlook In the field of electrical engineering the level of innovation - i.e., continual innovation increases at an enormous rate. To the same extent the life cycle of the products becomes shorter. The technical development of electrotechnical systems and components follows two directions: – Expensive mechanical and electromechanical components are more and more being replaced by electronic solutions.
Product Overview 5 Product Overview ER OW IP MIN AL RI ST L T DU IN NTROEN COUIPM EQKA 43 S AL AP OV PR U F D TE LIS A C In 1 put L 00-24 0 N B 4 0° C F 0 7 -1 95 602048-2 0 EN 6 55 1 EN 6 -2 N -6 E 0 0 0 1-1 1 6 08 N 50 E N E NC AC N 10 024 0V 1 NC 5 AC Ê° + É+ É - 25 3 1 - OK www.interface.phoenixcontact.com ° DC 22 Ad .5-2 ju 8.5 st V NC NC L ) V N(- Ð 40 Ð A 0-2 10 O PR V P O ER OW T E LO E C A R TI D O D N C + +Ð V 24 5 V+ DC + C L(+) Ð + OUT- 5.
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E 5-2 PHOENIX CONTACT 5598_en_03
Appendices A Appendices A1 List of Figures Section 2 Figure 2-1: Open frame device ............................................................................ 2-2 Figure 2-2: Enclosed device (example: QUINT POWER 20A/3-phase) .............. 2-3 Figure 2-3: Assignment of technical data ............................................................ 2-4 Figure 2-4: Without secondary grounding ............................................................ 2-7 Figure 2-5: With secondary grounding ......
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Figure 3-9: Series connection ............................................................................3-11 Figure 3-10: Output voltage OK ...........................................................................3-13 Figure 3-11: Output voltage not OK .....................................................................3-14 Figure 3-12: DC OK switching output ..................................................................
Explanation of Abbreviations A2 Explanation of Abbreviations General Abbreviations: CE Communauté Européenne (conformity mark) CSA Canadian Standards Association COMBICON Combined Connection DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German Standards Assiciations) ELV Extra Low Voltage EMV ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EN European Standard EVU Elektrizitäts-Versorgungs-Unternehmen (power supply company) GS Geprüfte Sicherheit (approved safety) IEC International Electrotechnical Commission ISO Inte
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Technical Abbreviations: AC Alternating Current DC Direct Current f Frequency I Electrical current IP Code International Protection Code Two-digit number indicating the degree of protection. The first number indicates the shock protection in ascending order and the second number indicates the foreign body protedction is ascending order. l Length LED Light Emitting Diode L1, L2, L3 External AC conductors N Neutral conductor N.N.
Explanation of Abbreviations Units A Ampere (unit of the electrical current) Ah Ampere hours (unit of electricity) °C Degrees Celsius (unit of temperature) g Gravitational acceleration Hz Hertz (unit of frequency) m Meter (unit of length) ms Millisecond (1/1000 second) Ω Ohm (unit of electrical resistance) s Second (unit of time) V Volt (unit of electrical voltage) Vpp Volt peak-to-peak (peak voltage) 5598_en_03 PHOENIX CONTACT A-5
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E A-6 PHOENIX CONTACT 5598_en_03
Index A3 Index A Apparent power ....................................................... 3-48 Automation technology .............................................. 4-4 B Building services automation ..................................... 4-5 C Class of protection I ................................................... 2-5 Class of protection II .................................................. 2-5 COMBICON ............................................................. 3-43 Contactors .......................
SYS POWER SUPPLY UM E Power boost.......................................... 3-16, 3-39, 3-42 Power distribution ...................................................... 3-1 Power factor correction............................................ 3-52 Power reserve................................................ 3-39, 3-42 Primary switched-mode controller ........................... 2-12 Protective earth ground ............................................. 2-5 Push-pull converter....................................
