Contents Safety 1 Emergency 2 Controls 3 Driving 4 Maintenance 5 Information 6 Index 7
Contents ©2017 PACCAR Inc - All Rights Reserved This manual illustrates and describes the operation of features or equipment which may be either standard or optional on this vehicle. This manual may also include a description of features and equipment which are no longer available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please disregard any illustrations or descriptions relating to features or equipment which are not on this vehicle.
Truck Model Example i
MAINTENANCE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Introduction . . . . . . . . . Engine . . . . . . . . . . . Master Lubrication Index . . . . Fuller Transmission Lubrication . Allison Transmission Lubrication Spicer Transmission Lubrication Oil Changes . . . . . . . . . Meritor Axle Lubrication . . . . Eaton/Dana Axle Lubrication . . Wheel Bearing Lubrication . . .
MAINTENANCE AIR SYSTEM Introduction . . . . . . Air Dryer . . . . . . . . Air Tanks . . . . . . . Air Gauges and Air Leaks Air Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-57 5-60 5-62 5-63 5-64 Brake Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-66 Exterior Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning, Protecting and Weather Stripping Safety Restraint System - Inspection . . . Windshield Wiper/Washer . . . . . .
MAINTENANCE ELECTRICAL Electrical System . . . . . . . . . Light Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . Bulb Specifications . . . . . . . . Fuses, Circuit Breakers and Relays . Fuse Inspection and Replacement . Adding Electrical Options . . . . . Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Care . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Charging . . . . . . . . . Electrical and Alternator Precautions Remote Keyless Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAINTENANCE Turbocharger . . . . . . . Air Cleaners . . . . . . . ServiSignal™ Mini Indicator Exhaust System . . . . . Engine Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-107 5-108 5-109 5-110 5-110 Location of Fuel Shut-off Valves. . . . . . . . . Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-111 5-111 5-111 FUEL SYSTEM FRAME Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAINTENANCE HEATER AND AIR CONDITIONER Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-120 Heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-121 Air Conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-121 NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Noise Emission Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . 5-123 Inspection and Maintenance Instructions . . . . . 5-124 Noise Control System - Maintenance Log . . . . 5-128 REAR AXLE AND SUSPENSION General Maintenance . . . Visual Inspection . . . . . Rear Suspension Fasteners Rear Axle Lubrication .
MAINTENANCE Steering Shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-138 DRIVELINE Driveshaft Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-139 U-Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-139 TIRES AND WHEEL Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheel Mounting and Fastening . . . . . . Wheel Replacement with Disc Brake Option Disc Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-140 5-146 5-148 5-150 WHEEL BEARING Wheel Bearing Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . .
MAINTENANCE CLUTCH Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-155 Clutch Adjustment - Normal Wear . . . . . . . .
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Introduction Preventive maintenance program begins with the daily checks. See Driver’s Check List for these routine checks. Routine vehicle checks can help avoid many large, expensive, and time consuming repairs. The vehicle will operate better, be safer, and last longer. Neglect of recommended maintenance can void your vehicle’s warranty. Some maintenance operations demand skills and equipment you may not have.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE WARNING! WARNING! Disconnect the battery ground strap whenever you work on the fuel system or the electrical system. When you work around fuel, do not smoke or work near heaters or other fire hazards. Keep an approved fire extinguisher handy. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Off highway is defined for applications where the vehicle may be driven off the pavement on a regular basis, even if it is an infrequent basis and/or for a brief time period. Please contact an authorized service dealership if there are questions regarding which interval to follow. Consult the supplier for specific recommendations where discrepancies develop between these recommendations in this table and component supplier recommendations. • • interval.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Maintenance Schedule New Vehicle Maintenance Schedule New Vehicle Maintenance Schedule After First Miles (km) First Day Operation\Frequency Steering Shaft U-Bolts. (OFF-HIGHWAY) See Steering System on page 5-136. Wheel Mounting. See Wheel Mounting and Fastening on page 5-146. 5 50 – 100 (80 – 160) 500 (800) 3,000 –5,000 (4800 –8000) X X Front Axle U-Bolt Torque. See Front Spring Suspension U-Bolts on page 5-118.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Frame COMPONENT Fifth Wheel MAINTENANCE TASK Check the kingpin lock and plate for wear and function; lubricate (NLGI #2 grease). Inspect fifth wheel operation (shown on page 5-113) (03/17) Recommended PM Interval I A B C D X Frame Fasteners Check for tightness; tighten to the specified torque value as required (shown on page 5-114). X Crossmembers and Mounting Brackets Inspect for cracks and loose fasteners.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Front Axle (Meritor) 5 5-14 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Total Vehicle Alignment Check and adjust as required. Steering knuckle spindles, thrust bearings, kingpins, drawkeys, tie rod ends, steering stops, and bushings Inspect for wear and damage and endplay. Shim or replace as required (shown on page 5-136). Kingpin bushings, thrust bearings, and tie rod ball ends Lubricate with approved grease.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Front Axle (Dana) (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Total Vehicle Alignment Check and adjust as required. Kingpin bushings, thrust bearings, and tie rod ball ends (ON HIGHWAY) Lubricate with approved grease. Kingpin bushings, thrust bearings, and tie rod ball ends (OFF-HIGHWAY) Lubricate with approved grease.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Front Suspension 5 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I B C Inspect for cracked leaves, worn bushings, and excessive corrosion. X Spring Pins and Shackles Inspect for worn parts and excessive joint clearance. Shim or replace as required. X Shock Absorbers Inspect for leaking, body damage, and damaged or worn bushings. Replace as required. Check the shock mounting stud torque.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Drive Axle (Dana) COMPONENT Axle Housing MAINTENANCE TASK Visually inspect for damage or leaks. Check oil level. Check “cold.” Torque the drain plug. Drain the lubricant while warm. Flush each unit with clean flushing oil. Change the lubricant. Air Shift Unit (03/17) Check the lubricant level. Recommended PM Interval I A B C D E X X See information on page 5-53 X Remove the housing cover and drain the lubricant.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Drive Axle (Dana) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Magnetic drain plug and breather (ON HIGHWAY) Clean or replace. Magnetic drain plug and breather (OFF HIGHWAY) Clean or replace.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Drive Axle (Meritor) COMPONENT Axle Housing MAINTENANCE TASK I A B C Check the “cold” fill level at the differential carrier plug for a pinion angle of less than 7 degrees, or at the axle bowl plug for a pinion angle of greater than 7 degrees. Tighten the plug to 35-50 Lb. ft. (47-68 N.m.) X Visually inspect for damage or leaks. X Drain and replace the lubricant.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Drive Axle (SISU) 5 5-20 COMPONENT Axle Housing MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B C Change the oil in the differential carrier and the hubs, and clean the magnetic oil drain plugs. X Check the wheel bearing hubs and adjust if necessary. X X Visually inspect for damage or leaks. X X E X Check the oil level in the differential carrier and hubs. X Breather Check the breather for proper operation.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Rear Suspension (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK U-bolts Check the torque. Tighten to specified torque value as required (shown on page 5-133). Frame and crossmember bolts Check the torque. Tighten to specified torque value as required (shown on page 5-114). Mounting brackets and fasteners Check the condition and the fastener torque. Tighten to the specified torque value as required (shown on page 5-114).
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Drum Brakes (All) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A Slack adjusters Check the push rod travel and check the control arm for cracks. Adjust at reline (shown on page 5-69). X Lubricate (NLGI #2 grease). X Brake camshaft bearing Check for excessive camshaft paly in the axial and radial directions. Max allowable play is 0.003 in. Lubricate (NLGI #2 grease).
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Disc Brakes (Bendix®) (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B C Brake pads Inspect; replace as required. X Brake disc/rotor Inspect for visible cracks, heat checking, galling, or scoring of surface. Check for runout (max allowable is 0.002 in.). X Caliper sliding function Ensure caliper slides freely with no obstructions or excessive play.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Hub, Drum, and Hubcap 5 5-24 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B C D E X Hubs (non-LMS) Check the bearing endplay and adjust as required (shown on page 5-54). Hubs (non-LMS) with outrunner seals Clean the components and check for excessive wear or damage. Change the oil and seal (shown on page 5-54).
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Hub, Drum, and Hubcap (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Brake drums Inspect for visible cracks, heat checking, galling or scoring of the braking surface, and for severe corrosion on the outside surface. Check for out-of-round or oversize condition [0.080 in. (2 mm) more than the original diameter]. Replace as required. Hubcaps Clean the sight window.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Main and auxiliary transmission 5 5-26 Recommended PM Interval COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Main and auxiliary transmission and transfer case Inspect for visible damage, signs of overheating, and leaks. Mounting Brackets and Fasteners Check the condition of the fasteners and their torque. Tighten to the specified torque value as required. X Oil cooler Clean the fins (air-to-oil type) and body.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Auxiliary transmission Air Intake Clutch (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B C Inspect: Check oil level; inspect for leaks and any visible damage. Change oil. X Air intake piping, mounting, and charge air cooler Check the system for broken pipes, leaks, joint integrity, cleanliness, and proper support (shown on page 5-109).
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Cooling COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B Hoses Check the radiator and heater hoses for leaks. Extended Life Coolant (ELC) Check the freeze point (shown on page 5-83). X Check for contamination using test strips (shown on page 5-82). X 5 X C Replace blank water filter if applicable. X Perform lab analysis (shown on page 5-82).
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Tires and Wheels (03/17) COMPONENT Tires MAINTENANCE TASK Check inflation pressure (shown on page 5-140). Recommended PM Interval I A Inspect for cuts, irregular wear, missing lugs, sidewall damage, etc. X Disc wheels Inspect the wheel disc for any cracks or surface irregularities. Inspect the rim edge and bead seat area for damage. Replace any damaged wheels - DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Power Steering COMPONENT Recommended PM Interval I A B C Reservoir Check the fluid level (shown on page 5-55). Reservoir (ON HIGHWAY) Drain, replace the filter, and refill (shown on page 5-55). X Reservoir (OFF HIGHWAY) Drain, replace the filter, and refill (shown on page 5-55). X Steering gear Check the lash of the sector shaft; adjust as required.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Power Steering (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B C Draglink tube clamp and ball socket Check the torque; tighten to specified torque value as required. X X Pitman arm clamp bolt and nut Check the torque; tighten to specified torque value as required. X X Steering intermediate shaft Check the torque on the pinch bolt and nut.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Fuel and Tanks 5 5-32 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Fuel tanks Inspect tanks, brackets, hoses, and fittings for correct location, tightness, abrasion damage, and leaks; repair or replace as required. Fuel tank breathers Check for proper function; clean the drain hoses. Fuel tank straps Check the strap tightness; tighten to proper torque value as required: Aluminum tank: 30 Lb. ft. (41 N.m.) Cylindrical Steel tank: 8 Lb. ft.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Driveshafts COMPONENT Recommended PM Interval I A Models SPL-90, 1710 and 1810 slip member and U-joints Lubricate*. X X Inspect. U-joint inspections should be performed every time a vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance.** Model SPL-100 slip member and U-joints Lubricate*.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Driveshafts 5 COMPONENT Recommended PM Interval MAINTENANCE TASK I A B C D E Models SPL140/140HD/170/ 170HD/250/250HD slip members and U-joints (OFF HIGHWAY) Lubricate*. X Inspect. U-joint inspections should be performed every time a vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance.** Models SPL-140XL/ 170XL/250XL slip members and U-joints (ON HIGHWAY and LINE HAUL) Lubricate*.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Battery Boxes, Tool Boxes, and Steps (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A Battery cables Check the condition of the cables, cushion clamps, nylon tie straps, and routing. Replace a cushion clamp if the rubber has deteriorated. Repair or tighten terminals, and secure cables to prevent chafing. Replace damaged cables (cuts, cracks, or excessive wear) (shown on page 5-87).
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Electrical and lights COMPONENT Recommended PM Interval I A B C Headlamps Check the aim and adjust as required. Warning lights in light bar Check at the ignition start position to verify bulbs and driver information display function. X Turn, Stop, Reverse lights and signals Visual check. X Alternator Check operation and output. X Check tightness of the pulley nut.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Electrical and lights Cab structure, doors and hoods Heating and Air Conditioning (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Power supply harnesses (engine, transmission, etc.) Check for worn or damaged insulation, corroded terminals, frayed wires, and oil or fluid leaks on the connectors or wiring. Recommended PM Interval I A B C D E X Wash to remove excess grease.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Aftertreatment System 5 5-38 COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK System Check for leaks and proper support (shown on page 5-123). Diesel particulate filter Clean filter. Diesel exhaust fluid tank Inspect the tank, straps, brackets, hoses and fittings for abrasion damage, leaks, tightness and fully engaged connectors. Diesel exhaust fluid supply module Replace filter.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM Air (03/17) COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B Air compressor governor Replace air strainer. X Air lines Check condition and routing to prevent chafing. X System Lubricate (shown on page 5-60). Inline filters Replace elements or clean with solvent. Air dryer Perform the checks listed (shown on page 5-57). Air dryer (ON HIGHWAY) Overhaul. Air dryer (OFF HIGHWAY) Overhaul.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (PM) INTERVALS SYSTEM COMPONENT MAINTENANCE TASK Recommended PM Interval I A B C D E Engine Basic Engine Maintenance and service interval recommendations are detailed in the engine manufacturer’s Operations and Maintenance Manual included with the vehicle. The engine manufacturer’s recommendations vary depending engine model.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Introduction at top economy and in prolonging its life is proper lubrication servicing. Neglecting this essential aspect of vehicle care can cost time and money in the long run. WARNING! CAUTION Handle lubricants carefully. Vehicle lubricants (oil and grease) can be poisonous and cause death, personal injury or sickness. They can also damage the paint on the vehicle. Do not mix different types of lubricants.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS WARNING! WARNING! NOTE Exhaust fumes from the engine contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas. A poorly maintained, damaged, or corroded exhaust system can allow carbon monoxide to enter the cab or sleeper. Failure to properly maintain your vehicle could cause carbon monoxide to enter the cab and cause death, personal injury or serious illness. Never idle your vehicle for prolonged periods of time if you sense that exhaust fumes are entering the cab.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Pipe and Hose Clamps Use the following table for torque specifications to check pipe and hose clamps. Pipe and Hose Clamp Torque Values APPLICATION APPROVED CLAMP TORQUE Nm Lb-In Radiator and Heat Exchanger Hoses Constant-Torque CT-L 10.2-12.5 90-110 Heater Hoses Constant Tension not required not required Air Intake Pipes Hi-Torque HTM-L 11.3-14.2 100-125 Plastic Air Intake Pipes Constant- Torque CT-L 4.5 40 (maximum) Charge Air Intake Hoses Flex Seal 667 7.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Master Lubrication Index Lubricant Symbol Key 5 ATF MD3 or MERCON®-approved automatic transmission fluid BB High temperature ball bearing grease. Chevron SRI Mobile Grease HP, Texaco Multifax 2 or equivalent CB Engine oil for mild to moderate requirements CC/CD Engine oil for severe requirements (MIL-L-2104B /MIL-L-45199B w/ 1.85% max.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS NOTE The responsibility for meeting these specifications, the quality of the product, and its performance in service rests with the lubricant supplier. For oil reservoir with side filler plugs (transmission, axles, steering gear boxes, transfer cases, etc.) the oil must be level with the filler opening. 1 2 5 Improper Oil Level Proper Oil Level Use care when checking the oil level with a finger.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Component Lubrication Index 5 Universal Joints EP* Drive Shaft Splines CL* Steering Column CL Alternator Bearing BB* Fan Hub BB* Power Steering Reservoir ATF Steering Drag Link CL Steering Knuckles CL Spring Pins CL Clutch Release Bearings BB Brake Shoe Anchor Pins HT Brake Cam Bearings HT Slack Adjusters CL Starter Bearings CC Turbocharger Aneroid CC Water Pump BB* Suspension Fittings (other than threaded pins and bushings) EP Steering Axle: Grea
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Component Lubrication Index Brake Treadle Hinge and Roller Engine oil Lock Cylinders Lock lubricant Door Hinges Not required - Teflon bushings Door Latches and Striker Plates Polyethylene grease stick Door Weatherstrip Silicone lubricant Hub-piloted Aluminum Wheels Coat the wheel pilot or hub pads with Freylube #3 lubricant (light colored) or Chevron Zinc lube. Do not get lubricant on the face of the wheel or the hub.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS 5 Fuller Transmission Lubrication Lubrication Change and Inspection Off-Highway Use Fuller transmissions are designed so that the internal parts operate in a bath of oil circulated by the motion of gears and shafts. Grey iron parts have built-in channels where needed to help lubricate bearings and shafts. All parts will be amply lubricated if these procedures are closely followed: Refer to the Eaton Fuller transmission manual for servicing information. 1.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Recommended Lubricants Type Grade (SAE) Heavy Duty Engine Oil MIL-L-2104B, C, or D; API - SF, or API-CD 50 Mineral gear oil with rust and oxidation inhibitor API-GL-1 Synthetic Lubricant* Ambient Temperature Above 10° F (-12° C) 40 Above 10° F (-12° C) 30 Below 10° F (-12° C) 90 Above 10° F (-12° C) 80W Below 10° F (-12° C) 50 All *See your dealer for approved brands.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Allison Transmission Lubrication Spicer Transmission Lubrication Lubrication Change and Inspection • Refer to your transmission manual (furnished separately) for lubrication information. • Refer to the Allison Transmission manual for servicing information. It is extremely important to use the proper lubricants and maintain the correct oil levels in Spicer units. This will ensure proper lubrication and operating temperatures in these units.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Type Ambient Temperature Grade (SAE) Synthetic Engine Oil meeting MIL-L-2104D or MIL-L-46152B, API-SF or API-CD CD50 CD30 All *Synthetic Gear Oil Meeting MIL-2105C or API-GL5 EP75W90 EP75W140 All *EP Gear Oils are not recommended when lubricant operating temperatures are above 230° F (110° C). Oil Changes 24 hours but before 100 hours of service have elapsed. Remove all dirt around filler plug.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Meritor Axle Lubrication NOTE Axles utilized in 100% off-highway use are not eligible for Meritor’s Advanced Lube Rear Drive Axle program.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Application On Highway City Delivery Off Highway • Change the lubricant filter every 120,000 miles (192,000 km). Top off the lubricant level with a similar lubricant. Synthetic 240,000 mi. (384,000 km) Synthetic with Pump and Filter 500,000 mi. (800,000 km) Mineral Base 120,000 mi. (192,000 km) Synthetic 120,000 mi. (192,000 km) Synthetic with Pump and Filter 240,000 mi. (384,000 km) Mineral Base 120,000 mi. (192,000 km) Synthetic 120,000 mi.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS • Refer to the Eaton Field Maintenance Manual for a particular axle for lubricant specifications. Type of Lubricant On-Highway Mi. (km) See your dealer for Eaton-approved lubricant brands. Maximum Change Interval Mineral-Based 120,000 (192,000) Yearly Eaton-Approved Synthetic 240,000 (384,000) 2 Years Eaton-Approved Synthetic in axle with extended drain interval option 350,000 (560,000) Wheel Bearing Lubrication Oil-lubricated Driven Hubs 5 • Use hypoid oil, A.P.I.
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS fluid level will lie between the fluid level line and 1/4” above the line. NOTE Remember to replace vent plug when done. (03/17) Universal Joint Lubrication Steering Gear Lubrication Fluid Refill Refer to the Spicer Universal Joints and Driveshafts service manual and lubrication specifications. Y53-6077-1B1 The following recommendations are for general purpose steering systems (both TRW and Sheppard).
LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS Inspection NOTE Before removing reservoir cover, wipe outside of cover so that no dirt can fall into the reservoir. 1. Check the fluid level; add fluid if required. 2. Check fluid for contamination, discoloration, or burnt smell; correct source of such problems before replacing fluid and filter. CAUTION 5 When adding fluid, be sure to use fluid of the same type.
AIR SYSTEM AIR SYSTEM Introduction WARNING! Do not attempt to modify, alter, repair or disconnect any component of the air system. Repairs or modifications to the air system, other than what is described in this section, should only be performed by an authorized dealer. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury. WARNING! WARNING! Prior to the removal of any air system component, always block and hold the vehicle by a secure means other than the vehicle's own brakes.
AIR SYSTEM WARNING! WARNING! Never attempt to disassemble a component until you have read and understood recommended procedures. Some components contain powerful springs and injury can result if not properly disassembled. Use only proper tools and observe all precautions pertaining to use of those tools. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage. Completely bypassing a Bendix® AD-IS air dryer will bypass the system’s pressure protection valves.
AIR SYSTEM WARNING! If the supply and service tanks are not drained at the recommended frequency, water could enter the air lines and valves. This could cause corrosion or blockage, which could compromise the brake system safety and potentially cause an accident involving death or personal injury. Daily Periodically • Drain moisture from the supply and service air tanks. • • Operate air devices to circulate lubricants within the unit.
AIR SYSTEM Twice a Year Air Dryer • The function of the air dryer is to collect and remove air system contaminants in solid, liquid and vapor form before they enter the brake system. It provides clean, dry air to the components of the brake system, which increases the life of the system and reduces maintenance costs. • Maintain the air compressor to prevent excessive oil by-pass. See your maintenance manual for details. Replace worn seals in valves and air motors as they are needed.
AIR SYSTEM and non-compressing cycle) in a normal fashion or it may be due to excessive leaks in the air system. • • In areas where more than a 30° F (17° C) range of temperature occurs in one day, small amounts of water can accumulate in the air brake system due to condensation. Under these conditions, the presence of small amounts of moisture is normal and should not be considered as an indication that the dryer is not performing properly. An outside air source has been used to charge the air system.
AIR SYSTEM components that have typically been installed separately on the vehicle (see below for components/areas affected): • Pressure protection valves • Safety valve • Governor and plumbing • Plumbing of the front and rear service air tanks • 5 Air Tanks basis. Operate air devices daily to circulate lubricants within the unit. Periodically: Clean filter screens ahead of the valves by removing the screens and soaking them in solvent.
AIR SYSTEM Air Gauges and Air Leaks CAUTION Do not use penetrating oil, brake fluid, or wax-based oils in the air system. These fluids may cause severe damage to air system components. • Maintain the air compressor to prevent excessive oil bypass. • Replace worn seals in valves and air motors as they are needed. Your authorized dealer carries rebuild kits for most units.
AIR SYSTEM 5. Start the engine and build up the air pressure again. 6. Stop the engine, and apply the brakes fully. Apply the brake pedal and hold it down for five minutes. The pressure drop should not exceed 3.0 psi (21 kPa) per minute. 7. If you detect excessive leakage (air pressure loss greater than 3.0 psi (21 kPa) after five minutes of brake application), a leakage test should be made at the air line connections and at all air brake control units.
AIR SYSTEM presence of excessive carbon. If excessive carbon is found, clean or replace the compressor cylinder head. Also, check compressor discharge line for carbon, and clean or replace the discharge line if necessary. Preventive Maintenance The following service checks are provided for your information only and should be performed by a certified mechanic. Contact your dealer or the engine manufacturer's Maintenance Manual for further information on servicing air compressors.
BRAKE SYSTEM BRAKE SYSTEM Brake Adjustment WARNING! Do not work on the brake system without the parking brake set and wheels chocked securely. If the vehicle is not secured to prevent uncontrolled vehicle movement, it could roll and cause death, serious personal injury or damage to the vehicle. 5 To operate your vehicle safely and profitably, you need some understanding of its brake systems. For more on brakes, see the Index, under Brakes.
BRAKE SYSTEM Air Disc Brakes WARNING! WARNING! Do not use any replacement part in the brake system unless it conforms exactly to original specifications. A nonconforming part in your vehicle's brake system could cause a malfunction resulting in an accident causing death or personal injury. Sizes and types are so related to one another that a seemingly unimportant change in one may result in a change in how well the brakes work for you on the road.
BRAKE SYSTEM • Have a qualified mechanic perform a detailed inspection if the notches are not found. The pads and rotors should be measured and compared against the manufacturer's specifications located in the brake manufacturer’s service manual. • Chock the wheels. • Temporarily release the parking brakes. • Grab the caliper and move it. This movement is Running Clearance. • Proper Running Clearance is 0.
BRAKE SYSTEM Drum Brakes Automatic Slack Adjusters Have brake drum linings and disc brake pads inspected by a qualified mechanic for wear at regular intervals according to the maintenance schedule. In severe service or off-highway applications inspect the linings more frequently. Periodically check the Brake Chamber Stroke. Replace the slack adjuster if proper stroke cannot be maintained.
BRAKE SYSTEM WARNING! Manual adjustment of automatic slack adjusters is a dangerous practice that could have serious consequences. It gives the operator a false sense of security about the effectiveness of the brakes. Contact the Service Department at your dealership if the stroke exceeds the above specifications. A stroke exceeding these values may indicate a problem with the slack adjuster or the brake foundation.
CAB CAB Chrome and Aluminum Surfaces Exterior Maintenance To prevent rust, keep chromed parts clean and protected with wax at all times, especially in winter conditions where the roads are salted. Painted Surfaces Wash painted surfaces frequently to remove grime and caustic deposits which may stain the finish. See Cleaning, Protecting, and Weather Stripping on page 5-72. • If necessary, use a commercial chrome cleaner to remove light rust. • Chrome surfaces are best cleaned with fresh water.
CAB Tail Pipe Surface Cleaning WARNING! Always allow hot surfaces to cool down before attempting to work near them. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury. 5 To maintain your quality finish, wash with a soft cloth, mild soap and water or glass cleaner. A non-abrasive chrome polish can be used sparingly on hard to clean areas. Do Not clean your high heat chrome using scouring pads, abrasive chrome polish, highly acidic chemical cleaners or any other abrasive cleaners.
CAB Vehicle Cleaning WARNING! Precautions Do not clean the underside of chassis, fenders wheel covers, etc. without protecting your hands and arms. You may cut yourself on sharp-edged metal parts. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage. WARNING! Handle cleaning agents carefully. Cleaning agents may be poisonous. Keep them out of the reach of children. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.
CAB plated, and polished metal surfaces. Washing the Exterior CAUTION Do not aim the water jet directly at door locks or latch. Tape the key holes to prevent water from seeping into the lock cylinders. Water in lock cylinders should be removed with compressed air. To prevent locks from freezing in the winter, squirt glycerin or lock deicer into the lock cylinders. 1. ° ° 2. 5 5-74 Begin by spraying water over the dry surface to remove all loose dirt before applying the car wash and wax solution.
CAB Cleaning the Chassis NOTE To allow enough time for your truck's finish to cure, wait at least thirty days after the date of manufacture before waxing. • Do not apply wax in the hot sun. • Never dust off dry surfaces with a cloth because it will scratch the finishes. • • Hose dirt and grime from the entire chassis. Then, if an oil leak develops, you will be able to detect it easier. Corrosive materials used for ice and snow removal and dust control can collect on the underbody.
CAB Passenger Door Lower View Window There may be occasions when the inner view window must be removed for maintenance cleaning and/or damage. Follow this procedure when installing and removing an inner view window. The recommended tool for removal of the glass is a glass stick, although other tools may be used provided proper caution is observed. CAUTION 5 The use of screwdrivers, gasket tools, knives or other similar instruments may damage the seal or break the glass.
CAB Use the glass stick to leverage the glass out of the seal. Continue this process along the entire front edge of the seal until the glass is free. When the forward edge of the glass reaches the forward inside edge of the seal, the glass should pivot outboard into the remaining seal (see arrow in next illustration). (03/17) 5 Press and slide the glass into the aft portion of the seal to seat it.
CAB Safety Restraint System Inspection The seat belt system, including webbing, buckles, latches, and mounting hardware, endures heavy use in heavy-duty vehicles, much more than seat belt systems in passenger cars. All users should be aware of the factors contributing to this heavy use and reduced belt life. Factors contributing to reduced seat belt life: • • Seat and cab movement in trucks causes almost constant movement of the belt due to ride characteristics and seat design.
CAB other parts of the cab interior. These areas are typical places where the web will experience cutting or abrasion. Cuts, fraying, or excessive wear would indicate the need for replacement of the seat belt system. Inspection Guidelines WARNING! It is important to remember that any time a vehicle is involved in an accident, the entire seat belt system must be replaced. Unexposed damage caused by the stress of an accident could prevent the system from functioning properly the next time it is needed.
CAB occupant restraint system and can often be damaged if abused, even unintentionally. Check operation to ensure that it is not locked up and that it spools out and retracts webbing properly. 6. Mounting hardware should be evaluated for corrosion, and for tightness of bolts and nuts. 8. Check web in areas exposed to ultraviolet rays from the sun.
CAB be certain it is only replaced with an authorized PACCAR Parts replacement seat belt. If the inspection indicates that any part of the seat belt system requires replacement, the entire system must be replaced. An installation guide is attached to every replacement belt. Utilize the proper guide for your type of seat, and follow the instructions very closely.
COOLING SYSTEM COOLING SYSTEM CAUTION Cooling system maintenance Your engine’s cooling system is standard with Extended Life Coolant (ELC). ELC consists of a mixture of ethylene glycol, water, and organic acid technology chemical inhibitors. ELC prevents corrosion and scale formation as well as provides freezing and boiling point protection. The engine cooling system has very specific maintenance and inspection requirements. Failure to follow requirements can damage the engine.
COOLING SYSTEM Desired ELC/Water ratio: 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% -65 (-54) -75 (-59) -84 (-64) -70 (-57) -55 (-48) -43 (-42) -30 (-34) Freeze point °F (°C) +25 (-4) +20 (-7) +15 (-9) +10 (-12) +5 (-15) -5 (-21) -12 (-24) -23 (-31) -34 (-37) -50 (-46) Items in bold are the recommended levels of concentration. ELC Condition (Contamination and Inhibitor Concentration) Perform a visual inspection of the ELC.
COOLING SYSTEM Topping Off NOTE WARNING! 5 Removing the fill cap on a hot engine can cause scalding coolant to spray out and burn you badly. If the engine has been in operation within the previous 30 minutes, be very careful in removing the fill cap. Protect face, hands, and arms against escaping fluid and steam by covering the cap with a large, thick rag. Do not try to remove it until the surge tank cools down or if you see any steam or coolant escaping.
COOLING SYSTEM • • The cooling system will need fluid if the surge tank level does not rise to the “MIN” line regardless if the system is hot or cold. Refilling Your Radiator 1. If your cooling system is built with drain valves in the upper engine coolant pipe, open them before filling the surge tank. 2. Close any open coolant drains in the system. 3. Remove the surge tank fill cap (do not remove the surge tank pressure cap). 4. rate until the surge tank is full (to the base of the fill neck).
COOLING SYSTEM Engine (Block) Heater WARNING! 5 Do not use the heater if there are any signs of problems. Engine block heaters can cause fires resulting in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage if not properly maintained and operated. Regularly inspect the engine block heater wiring and connector for damaged or frayed wires. Contact your authorized dealer or the manufacturer of the heater if you are in need of repairs or information.
ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) Electrical System Purpose WARNING! Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling. CAUTION Do not modify or improperly repair the vehicles electrical system or power distribution box. All electrical repairs should be performed by an authorized dealer.
ELECTRICAL Light Bulbs Headlight Replacement WARNING! Do not use the Spare Battery A and B circuits or other circuits that are controlled by the LVD to power electronic engine controls, ABS circuits, or safety/work-related lighting. Before adding any device to the vehicle's electrical system, consult your nearest authorized dealer or read the contents of TMC RP-136. Failure to do so may cause equipment damage or lead to personal injury.
ELECTRICAL Headlight Aiming The headlights were properly aimed at the factory to meet safety specifications. If the headlights need to be adjusted, please have an authorized dealership aim the headlights.
ELECTRICAL 5 In-Cab Fuse Label 5-90 Y53-6077-1B1 (03/17)
ELECTRICAL 5 Sleeper Fuse Label (03/17) Y53-6077-1B1 5-91
ELECTRICAL Fuse Inspection and Replacement If a fuse is blown, see What to do if fuse or relay blows in the Driving and Operating Instructions manual. Adding Electrical Options WARNING! Do not add a fuse with a rating higher than 30 amps. Follow the circuit protection size/type recommended by the component manufacturer. Installing a fuse or circuit breaker greater than designated may damage the electrical system which could lead to equipment damage and/or personal injury.
ELECTRICAL NOTE WARNING! If you are unfamiliar with proper electrical repair practices and procedures, see your authorized dealer for assistance. Never install a circuit breaker in a circuit that is designated as “fuseonly” circuit(s). Fuse-only circuits are marked with an * on the reverse side of the Power Distribution Box cover. Using a circuit breaker in those fuse-only circuits may cause the circuit to overheat when a short exists which could lead to equipment damage and/or personal injury.
ELECTRICAL In-Cab Battery Box Your vehicle may be equipped with Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) batteries located in the cab under the passenger’s seat. The glass mat in AGM batteries are designed to absorb the battery acid inside the battery that can leak or spill out in conventional batteries. This design feature allows batteries to be positioned in any orientation without risk of leaking. To access the batteries: 1. Remove 6 fasteners securing the passenger side seat base to the battery box assembly. 2.
ELECTRICAL Removing and Installing Batteries: WARNING! CAUTION Batteries release gases that are flammable. Batteries are equipped with vent tubes and flash arrestors which vent battery gases out of the cab. Ensure all vent tubes, flash arrestors and grommets are properly installed and ensure they are clear and functioning properly. Failure to reinstall or keep the vent tubes and grommets clear or ensure the flash arrestor(s) are functioning properly could result in personal injury or equipment damage.
ELECTRICAL Follow the procedure below to reinstall batteries on the vehicle: 1. Place batteries in vehicle and tighten bolt of holding plate. 2. Reconnect positive cable. 3. Reconnect ground (negative) ground cable. WARNING! 5 Battery replacement may alter or disturb battery cable routing. Check to insure battery cables are free from any point of chaffing. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage. 5-96 Replacing Parts Removed for Access 1.
ELECTRICAL Battery Care Regular attention to the charging system will help prolong the service life of the batteries. Here are some common causes of battery failure: Dirty or Loose Connections: improper connections may stop the flow of electrical power to and from the battery. Battery Charging Except for using small trickle charges to maintain battery condition, you should have your vehicle's batteries charged by a qualified service facility.
ELECTRICAL positive terminal), could cause a short circuit or an explosion. disconnect the battery negative cable. • Allow no sparks or open flame anywhere near the charging area. • Charge a battery only in a well-ventilated area, such as outdoors or in a fully open garage which contains no pilot lights or other flames. Gases generated during the charging process must be allowed to escape. • 5 • Always make sure the battery charger is OFF before connecting or disconnecting the cable clamps.
ELECTRICAL Slow Battery Charging WARNING! NOTE Follow the instructions that come with your battery charger. • It is not necessary to remove the battery from the compartment. WARNING! Charger cables must be connected positive to positive (+ to +) and negative to negative (- to -). If connected improperly, batteries could explode. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.
ELECTRICAL • When charging the battery (installed in the vehicle) disconnect the battery cables. • Do not reverse the cables of the alternator, starter motor, or battery. • Do not polarize the alternator. The alternator should not be polarized like a generator. To ensure correct polarity, use a test lamp or a voltmeter. Remote Keyless Entry The remote keyless entry system may become inoperative due to a key fob battery.
ENGINE ENGINE Engine Maintenance WARNING! Exhaust fumes from the engine contain carbon monoxide, a colorless and odor less gas. Do not breathe the engine exhaust gas. A poorly maintained, damaged or corroded exhaust system can allow carbon monoxide to enter the cab. Entry of carbon monoxide into the cab is also possible from other vehicles nearby. Failure to properly maintain your vehicle could cause carbon monoxide to enter the cab and cause death or personal injury.
ENGINE Engine Lubrication Refer to the engine manufacturer's Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual supplied with your vehicle for information about draining and refilling engine oil, engine crank case capacity, engine oil type, and changing oil filters, etc. Inspection of the Engine Oil Level 1. Make sure that the vehicle frame rail is standing on a flat and level surface. 2. Make sure that the vehicle is horizontal, both lengthwise and crosswise.
ENGINE 7. Reinstall the dipstick and twist to lock it in place. 1. 2. (03/17) Topping Up the Engine Oil Pipe and Hose Clamps 1. Top up with oil, if necessary, via the filler opening. Use the correct grade in the correct quantity. For oil replacement, please see engine Operator’s Manual included with this chassis. Use the following table for torque specifications to check pipe and hose clamps. 2. After topping up, wait 1 minute and check the oil level again. 3.
ENGINE Pipe and Hose Clamp Torque Values APPLICATION APPROVED CLAMP TORQUE Nm Lb-In 10.2-12.5 90-110 Constant Tension not required not required Hi-Torque HTM-L 11.3-14.2 100-125 Flex Seal 667 7.9-11.3 70-100 Radiator and Heat Exchanger Hoses Constant-Torque CT-L Heater Hoses Air Intake Pipes Charge Air Intake Hoses B9296 6-7 50-60 Fuel, Oil and Water Heat Exchangers (for hoses less than 9/16 diameter) Miniature 3600L 1.1-1.
ENGINE Accessory Drive Belts You can extend the reliability and service life of your vehicle's drive belts with proper attention to installation, and maintenance. Neglect could cause belt failure. The result could be the loss of the electrical or air system as well as possible engine damage from overheating. So it's a very good idea to check your belts frequently and replace them as soon as you detect trouble. 2. Slip the belt around the idler pulley attached to the automatic tensioner. 3.
ENGINE Engine Fan WARNING! Do not work on the fan with the engine running. The engine fan can engage at any time without warning. Before turning on the ignition, be sure that no one is near the fan. Failure to comply may result in death or personal injury. Your truck may be equipped with an On/Off or Viscous Fan Drive. Follow these guidelines to check your engine fan: 5 • • With the engine idling and the hood open, stand at the front of the vehicle. Listen for any noises coming from the fan hub.
ENGINE Air Intake System Turbocharger CAUTION Engine heat, vibration, and age combine to loosen air intake connections and cause cracks in the tubing and elbows. Leaks in the intake system allow abrasive dust to enter the engine and quickly cause expensive damage. During your daily walk-around inspection, carefully check all tubing, elbows, clamps, supports and fasteners for condition and tightness. • Do not use air intake pipes and connections as a step or to pull yourself up.
ENGINE High Frequency Vibration: Vibration may indicate turbo rotor imbalance. Have your dealer investigate this immediately. If you detect any deficiencies, take the vehicle to an authorized dealer for servicing. Delay could lead to severe and expensive damage to your vehicle. Air Cleaners The following service information is basic to all air cleaner makes and models.
ENGINE remove and replace the air cleaner filter element. NOTE The two forward screws secure the cover to the base. The two rearmost screws provide the clamping force on the main support tube. 1. 2. 3. 4. Steps 1 and 6 Steps 2, 5, and 6 Steps 3 – 7 CAUTION To prevent possible engine damage, torque the four hex nuts attaching the air cleaner cover assembly to the body assembly to 8 Lb. ft. (10 N.m) after installing the new air cleaner filter element. 5.
ENGINE Exhaust System Engine Mounting The exhaust system is part of the noise and emission control system. Periodically check the exhaust for wear, exhaust leaks, and loose or missing parts. For details see Noise Emission Control on page 5-123. Periodic Inspection: Inspect engine mounts every 60,000 miles (96,560 km). Check for the following: CAUTION Please refer to the Engine Operator's Manual for more details on how to maintain the emission's components in the exhaust system.
FUEL SYSTEM FUEL SYSTEM Specification Fuel Filters Location of Fuel Shut-off Valves Use only diesel fuel as recommended by engine manufacturers. See Engine Manufacturer’s Operator Manual provided with this chassis or the instructions provided with a Fleetguard filter. Fuel shut-off valves for the fuel crossover line are on the bottom of the secondary fuel tank, at the crossover line connection. They are optional on the primary fuel tank.
FRAME FRAME Emergency Welding Introduction WARNING! Do not cut, splice or weld frame rails or drill through the top or bottom flanges of the rails. These operations could affect frame rail strength leading to a failure resulting in an accident. Rail failures resulting from such modifications are not warrantable. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage. WARNING! Frame welding is NOT recommended.
FRAME weld point as possible. This ensures maximum weld current and minimum risk to damage of electrical components on the vehicle. (03/17) Painting Fifth Wheel Maintenance Do not electrostatically paint your truck or any component on your truck without first removing all of the electronic components from the truck.
FRAME Every 60,000 miles or 6 months: • • 5 Refer to specific manufacturer's literature for any special instructions. Remove fifth wheel from vehicle. Refer to the Shop Manual, “Fifth Wheel Removal.” • Steam clean the fifth wheel and mounting brackets. • Check all moving parts for excessive wear or damage. Replace all worn or broken parts. • Complete two-month service procedure. • Install fifth wheel. Refer to the Shop Manual, “Fifth Wheel Installation.
FRAME FASTENER SIZE TORQUE * Nm Lb-Ft M12 75-101 55-75 M16 163-217 120-160 M20 352-460 260-340 * ESNA Style Lock Nut, with nylon insert. Lubricate nylon insert nut lightly with SAE 20/30 oil. Sliding Fifth Wheels Lubricate bearing surface of support bracket through the grease fittings on the side of the fifth wheel plate. Use a water resistant lithium-base grease. NOTE The plate must be lifted up slightly to relieve the weight of the bracket while applying grease.
FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION Axle Lubrication Change bearing lubrication when seals are replaced, or brakes are relined. See Preventive Maintenance Schedule on page 5-12. Kingpin Lubrication Suspension Lubrication Lubricate with approved lubricant. Lubricate knuckle thrust bearings, knuckle pins, and tie rod ends. See Preventive Maintenance Schedule on page 5-12. Lack of lubrication causes premature wear and hard steering. Lubrication schedule may be shortened if necessary.
FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION Inspection Wheel Alignment For all vehicles, mandatory maintenance procedures include retightening all U-bolts and inspecting the suspension for loose fasteners, abnormal wear, or damage. However, even with proper maintenance, the service life of leaf springs is affected by many factors, such as: fatigue, vehicle gross weight, type of load, road conditions, and vehicle speed.
FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION U-Bolt Torque It is important that U-bolts remain tight. Severe use of your vehicle will cause them to loosen faster. But all vehicles need to have their U-bolts checked and tightened regularly. Be sure someone with the proper training and the right tools checks and tightens the U-bolts on your vehicle. New springs can settle in after service, relieving the tension on the U-bolts. Loose U-bolts can cause leaf spring breakage, axle misalignment, hard steering and abnormal tire wear.
FRONT AXLE AND SUSPENSION U-BOLT SIZE DIAMETER (Inch Dimensions) 1 TORQUE Nm 925-1,060 Lb-Ft 680-780 1-1/8 1,4701,660 1,0801,220 1-1/4 1,8902,120 1,3901,560 1-1/2 3,1303,860 2,3002,840 5 (03/17) Y53-6077-1B1 5-119
HEATER AND AIR CONDITIONER HEATER AND AIR CONDITIONER Introduction The combination heater-air conditioner provides comfort for those in the cab through accurate control of the cab environment in all weather conditions. Regular attention to the items below will help you keep the heater-air conditioner unit running well. 5 Keep the vehicle's ventilation system, engine exhaust system and cab joints properly maintained.
HEATER AND AIR CONDITIONER generated. If you become aware of a refrigerant leak on your vehicle have your system serviced immediately and observe the following precautions: Stay away from the hot engine until the exhaust manifold has cooled. Do not permit any open flame in the area. Even a match or a cigarette lighter may generate a hazardous quantity of poisonous gas. Do not smoke in the area. Inhaling gaseous refrigerant through a cigarette may cause violent illness.
HEATER AND AIR CONDITIONER necessary. Small particles may be removed with compressed air blown through the core in the opposite direction of normal air flow. WARNING! Wear eye protection any time you blow compressed air. Small particles blown by compressed air could injure your eyes. • Check the engine belt for condition and proper tension. • Check all hoses for kinks, deterioration, chafing, and leaks. Adjust kinked or chafing hoses to eliminate restrictions and prevent further wear.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Tampering with Noise Control System Noise Emission Warranty Federal law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof: This section describes responsibilities for the vehicle noise emissions. For information about exhaust emissions, please refer to the aftertreatement system operators manual. There are specific components on the vehicle that are designed to meet certain Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emissions and noise regulations.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Fuel System • Removing or rendering engine speed governor inoperative, allowing engine speed to exceed manufacturer's specifications. • Removing of air signal attenuator on engines equipped with this device. • Removing of diesel exhaust fluid tank and system. • Cutting holes in, or cutting away part of noise insulators. • Removing hood-mounted noise insulation. 5 Removing shield or skirts.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Air Intake System Engine Mounted Noise Insulators Exhaust System • Do all checks and maintenance procedures listed in this manual under Engine Air Intake System and Air Cleaner. See Air Dryer on page 5-60. • • Check for exhaust leaks, which would indicate a leaking manifold gasket; replace gasket if necessary. • • Check the induction tubing, elbow connections, clamps, brackets, and fasteners for deterioration, cracks, and security.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Joints and Clamps Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) Piping • Check for leaks, and tighten as necessary. Check for deterioration or dents in pipes and clamps which could allow exhaust to escape. • • • Replace any serviceable joints, flexible pipes and gaskets at the service intervals. Check SCR canister filter, clamps and mounting brackets. Tighten if necessary. Inspect SCR canister for signs of rust or corrosion. Check exhaust piping for rust, corrosion, or damage.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) • • Engine Fan and Shroud Check diesel particulate filter (DPF), clamps, and mounting brackets. Tighten if necessary. Inspect diesel particulate filter (DPF) for signs of rust or corrosion. Check internal baffling. You can do this by listening for rattling sounds while tapping on the diesel particulate filter (DPF) with a rubber mallet or revving the engine up and down through its normal operating range.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Inner Fender Shields and Cab Skirts • Check all fasteners that hold the fender shields in place. • Check fender shields for tire marks, worn spots, or damage from objects thrown from tire treads. • Check cab skirts, sills, and brackets for overall condition and repair them as necessary. Damaged rubber fender shields or cab skirting cannot be repaired. You will need to replace it.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Noise Control System - Maintenance Log Component Recommended Interval (Miles) Exhaust System Routing Integrity 25,000 Shutters Shrouds 25,000 Hood Insulation Blanket 10,000 Engine Mounted Hose Insulators Fasteners 10,000 Inner Fender Shields 50,000 Cab Skirts Fasteners 50,000 Air Intake System Integrity Element 5,000 (03/17) Date & R.O. No. Repair Facility & Location Work Performed Date & R.O. No.
NOISE EMISSION CONTROL Component Clutch Type Fan Drive Recommended Interval (Miles) Date & R.O. No. Repair Facility & Location Work Performed Date & R.O. No.
REAR AXLE AND SUSPENSION REAR AXLE AND SUSPENSION General Maintenance WARNING! Do not work on the vehicle without the parking brake set and wheels blocked securely. If the vehicle is not secured to prevent uncontrolled vehicle movement, it could roll and may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage. Your vehicle's suspension, by design, requires a minimal amount of maintenance.
REAR AXLE AND SUSPENSION Visual Inspection For all vehicles, mandatory maintenance procedures include retightening of U-bolts and complete inspection. However, even with proper maintenance, many factors affect the service life of springs and suspension components, such as: fatigue, vehicle gross weight, type of load, road conditions, and vehicle speed. 5 It is important that U-bolts remain tight. Severe use of your vehicle can cause them to loosen faster.
REAR AXLE AND SUSPENSION U-Bolt Torque Rear Suspension U-Bolts, Grade 8 (lubricated*) NOTE NOTE To ensure an accurate torque reading, use properly maintained and calibrated torque wrenches. Clean the nut and bolt. No dirt, grit, or rust should be present. WARNING! Do not operate the vehicle if the U-bolts are not properly tightened. Loose U-bolts will cause the axle to not be properly secured to the suspension, which could cause loss of vehicle control and an accident.
REAR AXLE AND SUSPENSION ensures proper adjustment of the U-bolt and spring assembly. WARNING! Do not replace U-bolts and nuts with common U-bolts or standard nuts. These parts are critical to vehicle safety. If the wrong U-bolts or nuts are used, the axle could loosen or separate from the vehicle and cause a serious accident. Use only U-bolts and nuts of SAE Grade 8 specification or better. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.
REAR AXLE AND SUSPENSION Rear Axle Alignment Dana Spicer and Fabco No initial drain is required on Dana Spicer axles that are factory filled with an Dana Spicer-approved synthetic lubricant. All Vehicles with Dana Spicer and Fabco Axles: See Preventive Maintenance Schedule on page 5-12. Contact your dealer for approved synthetic lubricant brands. • • Petroleum-based lubricants must be drained within the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) if converting to an approved synthetic lubricant.
STEERING SYSTEM STEERING SYSTEM WARNING! Power Steering Do not operate the vehicle if the steering system is not working properly. You could lose control of your vehicle if the steering system is not in good working condition, which could result in a serious accident. For driving safety, visually check the steering gear and components. Frequent checks are important for driving safety, especially after traveling over rough roads.
STEERING SYSTEM • Draglink tube clamp: Check for looseness or interference. • Ball joints and steering U-joints: Check for looseness. • Steering wheel for excessive free-play. Check the simplest probable causes first: • Fluid Level and Refill • Maximum/Minimum level is indicated on the reservoir. These same levels are also indicated by two lines on the dipstick in the reservoir. • There are two ways to check whether the power steering fluid is at its proper level.
STEERING SYSTEM between the Maximum and Minimum level indicators. Fluid Filter Replacement 5 Steering Shaft The following are common torque specifications for most steering shafts. • Torque on U-joint pinch bolt and nut (7/16 in) 74–81 Nm (55 to 60 lb-ft), lubricated. • Torque on Pitman arm clamp bolt and nut (3/4 in): 406–433 Nm (300 to 320 lb-ft), lubricated. • For off-highway vehicles, tighten the U-bolts after the first day or two of operation. Then check weekly.
DRIVELINE DRIVELINE U-Joints For SPL170XL and SPL250XL, the U-joint lube interval changes after the initial lube at 350,000 miles. After the first lube interval, the U-joint needs lubrication every 150,000 miles. Inspection of the U-joints is the same regardless of when the U-joint grease interval occurs. Driveshaft Maintenance The slip joints and universal joints of the driveshaft should be lubricated periodically. Use a good quality lithium-soap-base or equivalent extreme pressure (E.P.
TIRES AND WHEEL TIRES AND WHEEL Tires WARNING! 5 Regular, frequent inspection and the right care will give you the assurance of safe and reliable tire operation. Here are some tips on maintaining your tires. Do not repair damaged tires unless you are fully qualified and equipped to do so. Wheel and tire assemblies cannot be worked on without proper tools and equipment, such as: safety cages or restraining devices. Have all tire repairs performed by an expert.
TIRES AND WHEEL Underinflated Tires Low pressure is a tire’s worst enemy. Underinflation allows tires to flex improperly, causing high temperatures to build up. Heat causes early tire damage such as flex break, radial cracks, and ply separation. Low pressure may affect control of your vehicle, especially at the front wheels. Most tire wear problems are caused by underinflation as the result of slow leaks, so you’ll want to check tire pressure regularly.
TIRES AND WHEEL Overloaded Tires 1 3 Proper-Inflation: the correct profile for full contact with the road. TREAD CONTACT WITH ROAD TREAD CONTACT WITH ROAD Over-Inflation: reduces the tread contact area with the road surface, concentrating all of the vehicle weight on the center of the tread. This causes premature wear of the tire. Overloading your truck is as damaging to your tires as underinflation. The following chart shows how neglect or deliberate abuse can affect the life of your tires.
TIRES AND WHEEL Overinflated Tires Matching Tires Too much air pressure reduces the tire tread contact area and results in rapid wear in the center of the tread. Be sure to buy matched tires for your vehicle, especially on the rear axles. Mismatched tires can cause stress between axles and cause the temperature of your axle lubricant to get too hot. Matched tires will help your driveline last longer and will give you better tire mileage. WARNING! WARNING! Overinflated tires can cause accidents.
TIRES AND WHEEL Replacing Tires Greenhouse Gas Certified Tires WARNING! Front: Replace front tires when less than 4/32 in. of tread remains. Check at three places equally spaced around the tire. Drive Axles or Trailers: Replace tires on drive axles or trailers when less than 2/32 in. of tread depth remains in any major groove. Check at three places equally spaced around the tire. See the next illustration for recommended measuring points for tread depth.
TIRES AND WHEEL Speed Restricted Tires Tire Chains Maintaining a greenhouse gas certified tire. In order to limit the rolling resistance of the tires and optimize fuel economy, the maintenance procedures specified by the tire manufacture must be followed. For warranty information, See Original Equipment Tires on page 6-10. If you need tire chains, install them on both sides of each driving axle.
TIRES AND WHEEL Wheel Mounting and Fastening After the vehicle travels about 50 to 100 miles (80 to 160 km), wheel mountings seat in and will lose some initial torque. Check hub/wheel mountings after this initial period and retighten. Wheel Cap Nut Torque WARNING! Never use oil or grease on studs or nuts; improper torque readings will result, which could cause improper wheel clamping and could lead to a wheel failure resulting in an accident.
TIRES AND WHEEL WHEEL and NUT CONFIGURATION STUD SIZE Nm Lb-Ft Hub-Piloted Disc-Type Wheel w/Two Piece Flanged Cap Nuts: Steel or Aluminum Wheel PHP-10; Budd Uni-Mount-10; WDH-8 M22-1.5 610-680 450-500 3/4-16 240-270 175-200 1-14 240-410 175-300 1/2” Dia. 110-120 80-90 5/8” Dia. 220-250 160-185 3/4” Dia. 305-335 225-245 Stud Backnuts (when used) TORQUE FOR INNER and OUTER CAP NUTS and RIM CLAMP NUTS Rim Clamp Nut Torque Cast Spoke Wheel Assembly Threads should be clean and dry.
TIRES AND WHEEL Wheel Replacement with Disc Brake Option WARNING! Tighten wheel cap nuts properly. If they are not tightened properly, wheel nuts could eventually cause the wheel to become loose, to fail, and/or to come off while the vehicle is moving, possibly causing loss of control and may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage.
TIRES AND WHEEL with the disc brake assembly. When installing any replacement wheel, always inspect the tires/wheels to ensure there is adequate clearance between other vehicle components. With the hood open, check for clearance between the wheel and disc brake assembly. Use a hydraulic jack to raise the front of the vehicle off the ground to allow the wheel to spin freely. While rotating the wheel, check to ensure there is adequate clearance between the wheel and disc brake assembly.
TIRES AND WHEEL Disc Wheels WARNING! Use the correct components and tools when working on wheels. Grooves in the wheel disc or other damage to the disc can weaken the wheel and cause it to eventually come off. This could cause you to lose control of your vehicle, and may result in an accident. Failure to comply may result in death, personal injury, equipment or property damage. 5 The end of the wheel wrench must be smooth. Burrs on the end of the wrench can tear grooves in the disc.
WHEEL BEARING WHEEL BEARING Wheel Bearing Adjustment For safe, reliable operation and adequate service life, your wheel bearings must be adjusted properly at the recommended intervals. Contact your authorized dealer to make sure the wheel bearings are properly adjusted.
TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE Introduction Proper maintenance of the transmission will ensure that the vehicle will operate efficiently. 5 To check the transmission fluid level, park the vehicle on level ground. For an automatic transmission the oil level should be checked with the engine idling and the transmission fluid at operating temperature. Checking the fluid of a manual transmission may be done with the engine off.
TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE Transmission Lubricants Service Intervals Standard Transmission Oil Level Manual Transmission Manual transmissions are designed so that the internal parts operate in a bath of oil circulated by the motion of gears and shafts. For recommended types and brands of all lubricants, see the transmission manufacturer's Service Manual and Preventive Maintenance Schedule on page 5-12. Check all hoses for kinks, deterioration, chafing, and leaks.
TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE Automatic Transmissions Automatic Transmission Oil Level Service Intervals NOTE Check daily with engine idling. See Preventive Maintenance Schedule on page 5-12 for service intervals. The vehicle must be parked on level ground. See the Transmission Operator's Manual for information on checking the transmission oil level.
CLUTCH CLUTCH Introduction Free pedal is the distance the clutch pedal moves by applying only slight pressure. During free pedal the release yoke in the transmission moves until its bearing pads contact the release bearing. This movement of the release yoke is called free travel. Thus, free pedal and free travel are directly related to each other. As the clutch pedal is depressed further, with harder pressure, the release yoke moves the release bearing away from the engine.
CLUTCH Clutch Linkage This vehicle is equipped with a rod and lever mechanical clutch linkage. Lubricate each pivot point on the clutch linkage.
INFORMATION CONSUMER INFORMATION AND VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION Vehicle Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General VIN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . Component Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 6-3 6-7 CONSUMER INFORMATION Federal Safety Standard Certification Label How to Order Parts . . . . . . . . . . . NHTSA Consumer Information . . . . . . Canadian Consumer Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INFORMATION PACCAR Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . Warranty Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONSUMER INFORMATION AND VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION CONSUMER INFORMATION AND VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION Vehicle Identification Each vehicle completed by Peterbilt Motors Company uses a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) that contains the model year designation of your Peterbilt. The practice is in compliance with 49 CFR 565, Code of Federal Regulations. The Vehicle Identification Number is on the Peterbilt labels on the left hand door post. The VIN contains 17 digits.
CONSUMER INFORMATION AND VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION Chassis Number Certification Labels Components and Weights Label The Chassis Number refers to the last six characters of the VIN. This number will allow your dealer to identify your vehicle. You will be asked for this number when you bring it in for service. Your vehicle information and specifications are documented on labels.
CONSUMER INFORMATION AND VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION Tire, Rim and Weight Rating Data Label The Tire, Rim and Weight Rating Data Label is located on the driver’s side door edge or on the driver’s side door frame.
CONSUMER INFORMATION AND VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION Federal Safety Standard Certification Label The NHTSA regulations require a label certifying compliance with Federal Safety Standards, for United States and U.S. Territories, be affixed to each motor vehicle and prescribe where such label may be located. This certification label, which indicates the date of manufacture and other pertinent information, is located on the driver’s side door edge or on the driver’s side door frame.
CONSUMER INFORMATION AND VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION Component Identification Each of the major components on your vehicle has an identification label or tag. For easy reference, record component numbers such as, model, serial, and assembly number. Engine: For further information, please refer to the Engine Operation and Maintenance Manual. Transmission: For both manual and automatic transmissions, the identification number is stamped on a tag affixed to the right rear side of the transmission case. 1.
CONSUMER INFORMATION CONSUMER INFORMATION Federal Safety Standard Certification Label The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regulations require a label certifying compliance with Federal Safety Standards, for United States and U.S. Territories, be affixed to each motor vehicle and prescribe where such label may be located. This certification label, which indicates the date of manufacture and other pertinent information, is located on the left hand cab door post.
CONSUMER INFORMATION Toll Free 888-327-4236 (800-4249153 TTY) 8:00 am to 10:00 pm ET Monday-Friday Office of Defects Investigations/CRD NVS-216 1200 New Jersey Ave SE. Washington, D.C. 20590 www @ www.safercar.gov nhtsa.webmaster@dot.
VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITED EXPRESS WARRANTY VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITED EXPRESS WARRANTY Original Equipment Tires PACCAR Inc warrants the tires installed as original equipment on this vehicle only against defects in materials and workmanship which cause the vehicle to fail to comply with applicable U.S. and Canadian greenhouse gas emission limits (“Warrantable Emissions Failures”).
VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITED EXPRESS WARRANTY vehicle and its tires. PACCAR does not warrant wear and tear of the tires. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Components Other Than Tires This GHG vehicle Warranty applies to the vehicle (hereafter, vehicle) certified with the US Environmental Protection Agency. Your Warranty Rights and Obligations This vehicle is warranted for components that directly impact the manufacturers greenhouse gas (GHG) certification with the US Environmental Protection Agency.
VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITED EXPRESS WARRANTY Manufacturer's Warranty Coverage Owner's Warranty Responsibilities programming) or using non-Original Equipment replacement parts. This warranty coverage is provided for five years or 100,000 miles (160,000) km, whichever first occurs, from the date of delivery of the vehicle to the first purchaser or first lessee.
VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITED EXPRESS WARRANTY and other losses resulting from a Warrantable Condition. Owner is responsible for maintaining all emissions related engine and vehicle computer program settings in accordance with manufacturer specifications. This responsibility includes GHG specific settings that may not be altered before the GHG-related expiration mileage has been reached for each system.
VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITED EXPRESS WARRANTY PACCAR Responsibilities Warranty Limitations The warranty coverage begins when the vehicle is delivered to the first purchaser or first lessee. Repairs and service will be performed by any authorized PACCAR dealer using new or genuine approved rebuilt parts and assemblies PACCAR will utilize replacement parts that are selected and installed to support the GHG compliance certification.
VEHICLE EMISSIONS LIMITED EXPRESS WARRANTY GHG specific settings prior to the GHG related expiration mileage for each system will void GHG warranty and potentially cause the vehicle to become non-compliant with the GHG regulation of the EPA Clean Air Act. This warranty is void if certain GHG components are not properly maintained and thus cannot perform to their designed capability.
Index Index 5th wheel maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-113 A Accessory drive belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-105 Adding electrical options . . . . . . . . . . 5-92 Air cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-108 Air compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-64 Air disc brakes maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-67 Air dryer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60 Air dryer (Bendix® AD-IS series) .
Index Cleaning vinyl and upholstery . . . . 5-75 Cleaning, protecting and weather stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-72 Clutch clutch linkage adjustment. . . . . . 5-155 identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7 Clutch maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-155 Component identification reference 6-7 Components and weights label . . . . .6-4 Consumer information Federal safety standards . . . . . . . . .6-8 how to order parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index Front axle and suspension maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-116 Fuel filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-111 Fuel shut-off valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-111 Fuel system fuel filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-111 shut-off valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-111 Fuller transmission lubrication . . . . 5-48 Fuses, circuit breakers and relays 5-89 Headlight replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-88 Heater and air conditioner .
Index 7 maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Meritor axle lubrication. . . . . . . . . . 5-52 new vehicle maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 noise emission control standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-123 oil changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51 painted surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-71 passenger door lower view window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-76 preventive maintenance . . . . . . . . . .
Index Overloaded tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-142 Owner's Warranty Coverage . . . . . . 6-12 P PACCAR Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . 6-14 Paint identification label . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5 Painted surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-71 Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-113 Passenger door lower view window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-76 Pipe and hose clamp torque values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7 lubricants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-153 maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-152 oil change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-152 Transmission maintenance . . . . . . 5-152 Turbocharger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-107 U U-bolt torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-118 U-Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
