User Manual

Engine Operation
i04169549
Basic Engine
Introduction
The eight major mechanical components of the basic
engine are the following parts:
• Cylinder block
• Cylinder head
• Pistons
• Connecting rods
• Crankshaft
• Timing gear case and gears
• Camshaft
Cylinder Block
Illustration 4 g02859296
Typical example
The cast iron cylinder block for the engine has four
cylinders which are arranged in-line. The cylinder
block is made of cast iron. The cylinder block
provides support for the full length of the cylinder
bores. The cylinder bores are machined into the
block.
The cylinders are honed to a specially controlled
finish in order to ensure long life and low oil
consumption.
The cylinder block has five main bearings which
support the crankshaft. Thrust washers are installed
on both sides of number 3 main bearing in order to
control the end play of the crankshaft. The thrust
washers can only be installed one way.
Passages supply the lubrication for the crankshaft
bearings. These passages are machined into the
cylinder block.
Cooling passages are cast into the cylinder block in
order to allow the circulation of coolant.
The cylinder block has a bush that is installed for the
front camshaft journal. The other camshaft journals
run directly in the cylinder block.
The engine has a cooling jet that is installed in the
cylinder block for each cylinder. The piston cooling jet
sprays lubricating oil onto the inner surface of the
piston in order to cool the piston.
A Multi-Layered Steel (MLS) cylinder head gasket is
used between the engine block and the cylinder head
in order to seal combustion gases, water, and oil.
Cylinder Head
Illustration 5 g02859418
Typical example
(1) Valve keepers
(2) Valve spring retainer
(3) Valve spring
The engine has a cast iron cylinder head (4). There is
one inlet valve and one exhaust valve for each
cylinder.
UENR0623-02 9
Engine Operation
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