User Manual

Event Code – An event code may be activated in
order to indicate an abnormal engine operating
condition. These codes usually indicate a mechanical
problem instead of an electrical system problem.
Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) – This identifier
indicates the type of failure that is associated with the
component. The FMI has been adopted from the
SAE practice of J1587 diagnostics. The FMI follows
the parameter identifier (PID) in the descriptions of
the fault code. The descriptions of the FMIs are in the
following list.
0 – The data is valid but the data is above the normal
operational range.
1 – The data is valid but the data is below the normal
operational range.
2 – The data is erratic, intermittent, or incorrect.
3 – The voltage is above normal or the voltage is
shorted high.
4 – The voltage is below normal or the voltage is
shorted low.
5 – The current is below normal or the circuit is open.
6 – The current is above normal or the circuit is
grounded.
7 – The mechanical system is not responding
properly.
8 – There is an abnormal frequency, an abnormal
pulse width, or an abnormal time period.
9 – There has been an abnormal update.
10 – There is an abnormal rate of change.
11 – The failure mode is not identifiable.
12 – The device or the component is damaged.
13 – The device requires calibration.
14 – There is a special instruction for the device.
15 – The signal from the device is high (least severe).
16 – The signal from the device is high (moderate
severity).
17 – The signal from the device is low (least severe).
18 – The signal from the device is low (moderate
severity).
19 – There is an error in the data from the device.
20 – There is an error in the data from the device
(high).
21 – There is an error in the data from the device
(low).
31 – The device has failed and the engine has shut
down.
Flash File – This file is software that is inside the
ECM. The file contains all the instructions (software)
for the ECM and the file contains the performance
maps for a specific engine. The file may be
reprogrammed through flash programming.
Flash Programming – Flash programming is the
method of programming or updating an ECM with an
electronic service tool over the data link instead of
replacing components.
FRC – See “Fuel Ratio Control” .
Fuel Injection Pump – This item is sometimes
referred to as the High Pressure Fuel Rail Pump.
This is a device that supplies fuel under pressure to
the fuel rail (high-pressure fuel rail).
Fuel Manifold (Rail) – This item is sometimes
referred to as the High Pressure Fuel Rail. The fuel
rail supplies fuel to the electronic unit injectors. The
fuel injection pump and the fuel pressure sensor work
with the ECM in order to maintain the desired fuel
pressure in the fuel rail. This pressure is determined
by calibration of the engine in order to enable the
engine to meet emissions and performance
requirements.
Fuel Manifold (Rail) Pressure Sensor – The fuel
rail pressure sensor sends a signal to the ECM that is
dependent on the pressure of the fuel in the fuel rail.
Fuel Ratio Control (FRC) – The FRC is a limit that is
based on the control of the ratio of the fuel to air. The
FRC is used for purposes of emission control. When
the ECM senses a higher intake manifold air
pressure (more air into the cylinder), the FRC
increases the FRC Limit (more fuel into the cylinder).
The Solenoid Valve for the Fuel Injection Pump –
This is sometimes referred to as the High Pressure
Fuel Rail Pump Solenoid Valve or the Suction Control
Valve. This is a control device in the fuel injection
pump. The ECM controls the pressure in the fuel rail
by using this valve to divert excess fuel from the
pump to the fuel tank.
Glow Plug – The glow plug is an optional starting aid
for cold conditions. One glow plug is installed in each
combustion chamber in order to improve the ability of
the engine to start. The ECM uses information from
the engine sensors such as the engine temperature
to determine when the glow plug relay must provide
power to each glow plug. Each of the glow plugs then
provides a very hot surface in the combustion
chamber in order to vaporize the mixture of air and
fuel. This improves ignition during the compression
stroke of the cylinder.
Glow Plug Control Unit – The glow plug control unit
is controlled by the ECM in order to provide high
current to the glow plugs.
UENR0623-02 51
Engine Operation
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