Operation and maintenance manual

SEBU8601-01 73
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
Distilled wate
r or deionized water is
recommended for use in engine cooling systems.
DO NOT use the f
ollowing types of water in cooling
systems: Hard water, softened water that has been
conditioned with salt, and sea water.
If distilled water or deionized water is not available,
use water with the properties that are listed in Table 9.
Table 9
Acceptable
Water
Property Maximum Limit
Chloride (Cl) 40 mg/L
Sulfate (SO
4
) 100 mg/L
Total Hardness 170 mg/L
Total Solids 340 mg/L
Acidity pH of 5.5 to 9.0
For a water analysis, consult one of the following
sources:
•
Local water utility company
•
Agricultural agent
•
Independent laboratory
Additives
Additives help to protect the metal surfaces of
the cooling system. A lack of coolant additives or
insufficient amounts of additives enable the following
conditions to occur:
•
Corrosion
•
Formation of mineral deposits
•
Rust
•
Scale
•
Foaming of the coolant
Many additives are depleted during engine operation.
These additives must be replaced periodically.
Additives must be added at the correct concentration.
Overconcentration of additives can cause the
inhibitors to drop out-of-solution. The deposits can
enable the following problems to occur:
•
Formation of gel compounds
•
Reduction of heat transfer
•
Leakage of the water pump seal
•
Plugging of rad
iators, coolers, and small passages
Glycol
Glycol in the coolant helps to provide protection
against the following conditions:
•
Boiling
•
Freezing
•
Cavitation of the water pump
For optimum performance, Perkins recommends a
1:1 mixture of a water/glycol solution.
Note: Use a mixture that will provide protection
against the lowest ambient temperature.
Note: 100 percent pure glycol will freeze at a
temperature of −23 °C (−9°F).
Most conventional antifreezes use ethylene glycol.
Propylene glycol may also be used. In a 1:1 mixture
with wat
er, ethylene and propylene glycol provide
similar protection against freezing and boiling. Refer
to Table 10 and refer to table 11.
Table 10
Ethylene Glycol
Concentration Freeze Protection
50 Percent −36 °C (−33 °F)
60 Percent
−51 °C
(−60 °F)
NOTICE
Do not use propylene glycol in concentrations that ex-
ceed 50 percent glycol because of the reduced heat
transfer capability of propylene glycol. Use ethylene
glycol in conditions that require additional protection
against boiling or freezing.
Table 11
Propylene Glycol
Concentration Freeze Protection
50 Percent −29 °C (−20 °F)
To check the concentration of glycol in the coolant,
measure the specific gravity of the coolant.
Coolant Recommendations
•
ELC____________________________ Extended Life Coolant
•
SCA___________________ Supplement Coolant Additive