Operation and maintenance manual

42 SEBU7833-03
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
•
The Wear Rate An
alysis monitors the wear of the
engine’s metals. The amount of wear metal and
type of wear metal that is in the oil is analyzed. The
increase in th
e rate of engine wear metal in the
oil is as important as the quantity of engine wear
metal in the oil.
•
Tests are conducted in order to detect
contamination of the oil by water, glycol or fuel.
•
The Oil Condition Analysis determines the loss of
the oil’s lubricating properties. An infrared analysis
is used to com
pare the properties of new oil to the
properties of the used oil sample. This analysis
allows technicians to determine the amount of
deteriorat
ion of the oil during use. This analysis
also allows technicians to verify the performance
oftheoilaccordingtothespecification during the
entire oil c
hange interval.
Fuel Speci
fications
Fuel Recommendations
To get the correct power and performance from
the engine, use a fuel of the correct quality. The
recommend
ed fuel specification for Perkins engines
is shown below:
•
Cetane num
ber
___________________________ 45 minimum
•
Viscosity___________ 2,0to4.5cStat40°C(104°F)
•
Density________________________ 0.835 to 0.855 Kg/liter
•
Sulfur__
_____________________
0.2% of mass, maximum
•
Distillation___________________ 85% at 350 °C (662 °F)
•
Lubricity______________________________460 micrometers
maximum wear scar on “ISO 12156 - 1”
Cetane number
This indi
cates the properties of ignition of the fuel.
Fuel with a low cetane number can be the root
cause of problems during cold start. This will affect
combusti
on.
Viscosity
This is the resistance to flow of a fluid. If this
resistance is outside the limits, the engine and the
engine s
tarting performance in particular can be
affected.
Sulfur
High sulfur con
tent of the fuel is not normally found
in Europe, North America or Australasia. This can
cause engine wear. When only high sulfur fuels
are available
, it will be necessary that high alkaline
lubricating oil is used in the engine or that the
lubricating oil change interval is reduced.
Distillation
This is an ind
ication of the mixture of different
hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light weight
hydrocarbons can affect the characteristics of
combustion.
Lubricity
This is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump wear.
Diesel engin
es have the ability to burn a wide variety
of fuels. These fuels are divided into four general
groups:
•
Group 1 (preferred fuels)
•
Group 2 (per
missible fuels)
•
Group 3 (aviation kerosene fuels)
•
Other fuels
Group 1 (pre
ferred fuels): Specification
“DERV to EN590”
Note: Only use Arctic fuels when the temperature is
below 0 °C (32 °F). Do not use Arctic fuels when the
ambient te
mperature is above 0 °C (32 °F). To ensure
that the time period between cranking the engine and
first fire is kept to a minimum, only use fuel of the
correct vi
scosity and at the correct temperature.
Gas oil to “BS2869 Class A2”
“ASTM D975 - 91 Class 2D” This can only be used if
the fuel has the correct specification of lubricity.
“JIS K2204 (1992) Grades 1,2,3 and Special Grade
3” This can only be used if the fuel has the correct
specificat
ion of lubricity.
Note: If low sulfur or low sulfur aromatic fuels are
used, the
n fuel additives can be used to increase
lubricity.
Group 2 (p
ermissible fuels): Specification
These fuel specifications are considered acceptable
for issue
s of warranty. However,these fuels may
reduce the life of the engine, the engine’s maximum
power and the engine’s fuel efficiency.