Operation and maintenance manual

40 SEBU7833-03
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
NOTICE
Failuretofoll
ow these oil recommendations can cause
shortened engine service life due to deposits and/or
excessive wear.
Total Base Num
ber (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur
Levels for D irect Injection (DI) Diesel
Engines
The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on
the fuel sulfur level. For direct injection engines that
use distilla
te fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil
must be 10 times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is
defined by “ASTM D2896”. The minimum TBN of the
oil is 5 regar
dless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 25
demonstrates the TBN.
g00799818
Illustration 25
(Y) TB N by “ AST M D2896”
(X) Percentage of fuel sulfur by weight
(1) TBN of new oil
(2) Change the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of
the original TBN.
Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that
exceed 1.5 percent:
•
Choose an oil with the highest TBN that meets one
of these classifications: EMA DHD-1 and API CH-4.
•
Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil
change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the
oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and a
wear metal analysis.
Excessivepistondepositscanbeproducedbyanoil
with a high TBN. These deposits can lead to a loss
of control of the oil consumption and to the polishing
of the cylinder bore.
NOTICE
Operating Direct Injection (DI) diesel engines with fuel
sulphur levels over 0.5 percent will require shortened
oil change intervals in order to help maintain adequate
wear protection.
Table 12
Percentage of Sulfur in
the fuel
Oil change interval
Lower than 0.5 Normal
0.5 to 1 .0
0.75 of normal
Greater than 1.0 0.50 of normal
Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations
for D irect Injection (DI) Diesel Engines
The correct SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined
by the minimum ambient temperature during
cold engine start-up, and the maximum ambient
temperature during engine operation.
Refer to Table 13 (minimum temperature) in order
to determine the required oil viscosity for starting a
cold engine.
Refer to Table 13 (maximum temperature) in order
to select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the
highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.
Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is
available to meet the requirement for the temperature
at start-up.
Table 13
Engine Oil V
iscosity
Ambient Temperature
EMA LRG-1
API CH-4
Viscosity Grade
Minimum Maximum
SAE 0W20 −40 °C (−40 °F) 10 °C (50 °F)
SAE 0W30 −40 °C (−40 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)
SAE 0W40 −40 °C (−40 °
F)
40 °C (104 °F
)
SAE 5W30 −30 °C (−22 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)
SAE 5W40 −30 °C (−22 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
SAE 10W30 −20 °C (−4 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
SAE 15W40 −10 °C (14 °F) 50 °C (122 °F)
Synthetic Base Stock Oil
Synthetic base oils are acceptable for use in
these engines if these oils meet the performance
requireme
nts that are specified for the engine.
Synthetic base oils generally perform better than
conventi
onal oils in the following two areas:
•
Synthetic base oils have improved flow at low
temperat
ures especially in arctic conditions.
•
Synthetic base oils have improved oxidation
stabilit
y especially at high operating temperatures.