Operation and maintenance manual

SEBU7833-03 35
Operation Section
Cold Weather Operation
A cab heater is b
eneficial in very cold weather. The
feed from the engine and the return lines from the
cab should be insulated in order to reduce heat loss
to the outside
air.
Insulating the Air Inlet and Engine
Compartment
When temperatures below −18 °C (−0°F)willbe
frequently e
ncountered, an air cleaner inlet that
is located in the engine compartment may be
specified. An air cleaner that is located in the engine
compartment
may also minimize the entry of snow
into the air cleaner. Also, heat that is rejected by the
engine helps to warm the intake air.
Additional heat can be retained around the engine by
insulating the engine compartment.
i02322217
Fuel and the Effect from Cold
Weather
Note: Only use grades of fuel that are recommended
by Perkins. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Fluid Recommendations”.
The following fuels can be used in this series of
engine.
•
Group 1
•
Group 2
•
Group 3
•
Special Fuels
Perkins prefer only Group 1 and Group 2 fuels for
use in this series of engines.
Group 1 fuels are the preferred Group of Fuels for
general use by Perkins. Group 1 fuels maximize
engine life and engine performance. Group 1 fuels
are usually less available than Group 2 fuels.
Frequently, Group 1 fuels are not available in colder
climates during the winter.
Note: Group 2 fuels must have a maximum wear
scar of 650 micrometers (HFRR to ISO 12156-1).
Group 2 fuels are considered acceptable for issues
of warranty. This group of fuels may reduce the life
of the engine, the engine’s maximum power, and the
engine’s fuel efficiency.
When Group 2 die
sel fuels are used the following
components provide a means of minimizing problems
in cold weather:
•
Glow plugs (if equipped)
•
Engine coolan
t heaters, which may be an OEM
option
•
Fuel heaters,
which may be an OEM option
•
Fuel line insulation, which may be an OEM option
There are three major differences between Group
1 fuels and Group 2 fuels. Group 1 fuels have the
following di
fferent characteristics to Group 2 fuels.
•
A lower cloud point
•
A lower pour point
•
A higher ener
gy per unit volume of fuel
Note: Group 3 fuels reduce the life of the engine. The
use of Group 3
fuelsisnotcoveredbythePerkins
warranty.
Group3fuels
include Low Temperature Fuels and
Aviation Kerosene Fuels.
Special fuel
s include Biofuel.
The cloud point is a temperature that allows wax
crystals to
form in the fuel. These crystals can cause
the fuel filters to plug.
The pour poi
nt is the temperature when diesel fuel
will thicken. The diesel fuel becomes more resistant
to flow through fuel lines, fuel filters,and fuel pumps.
Be aware of these facts when diesel fuel is
purchased. Consider the average ambient air
temperatu
re for the engine’s application. Engines
that are fueled in one climate may not operate well if
the e ngines are moved to another climate. Problems
can result
due to changes in temperature.
Before troubleshooting for low power or for poor
performan
ce in the winter, check the fuel for waxing.
Low temperature fuels may be available for engine
operatio
n at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F). These
fuels limit the formation of wax in the fuel at low
temperatures.
For more information on cold weather operation, refer
to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Cold
Weather O
peration and Fuel Related Components in
Cold Weather”.