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012-06557A Optics Table Table of Contents Section Page Copyright, Warranty, and Equipment Return ..................................................... ii Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 About the Experiments ...................................................................................... 2 Basic Experiments Experiment 1: Reversibiltiy ...............................................................
Optics Table 012-06557A Copyright, Warranty and Equipment Return Please—Feel free to duplicate this manual subject to the copyright restrictions below. Copyright Notice Equipment Return The PASCO scientific Model OS-8536 Optics Table manual is copyrighted and all rights reserved. However, permission is granted to non-profit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of this manual providing the reproductions are used only for their laboratories and are not sold for profit.
012-06557A Optics Table Introduction Ray Table Base The PASCO OS-8536 Optics Table includes: – cylindrical lens – ray table – ray table base and mounting hardware The top side of the Ray Table Base has a ring of magnetic material that holds the Ray Table in position when the Ray Table is placed on the post on the top of the table. The lens, ray table, and ray table base are designed to be used with the Optics Bench, Ray Optics Kit, and Light Source which are included in the OS-8515 Basic Optics System.
Optics Table 012-06557A About the Experiments Experiments 1, 2, and 6 use the OS-8536 (Cylindrical Lens, Ray Table, and Ray Table Base), and the Light Source and Optics Bench from the OS-8515 Basic Optics System.
012-06557A Optics Table Experiment 1: Reversibility EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Cylindrical Lens – Ray Table Base – Light Source – Ray Table – Optics Bench Purpose 70 60 50 40 80 90 80 70 30 20 60 40 50 0 10 30 20 10 RAY mm TABLE S CA LE 10 30 30 40 40 The purpose is to determine the relationship that exists between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for light passing from air into a more optically dense medium (the Cylindrical Lens).
Optics Table 012-06557A Record data. Without disturbing the alignment of the Cylindrical Lens, rotate the Ray Table and set the angle of incidence to the values listed in Table 1.1. Enter the corresponding angle of Refraction in the table in two columns: Angle of Refraction1 and Angle of Incidence2. (In other words, for the second trial, let Angle of Incidence2 be the value you measured for Angle of Refraction1).
012-06557A Optics Table Experiment 2: Dispersion EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Cylindrical Lens – Ray Table Base – Light Source – Ray Table – Optics Bench – white paper Procedure Mount the Ray Table Base, Ray Table, Cylindrical Lens, and the Light Source on the Optics Bench. 1. Put the Ray Table on the base with the polar grid (DEGREE SCALE) facing up. Turn the Ray Table so the 0 (zero) degree line (NORMAL) points to the Light Source. 2. Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 2.1.
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012-06557A Optics Table Experiment 3: Prism EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Light Source – Ray Table and Base – white paper – Optics Bench – Rhombus Purpose To show how a prism separates white light into its component colors and to show that different colors are refracted at different angles through a prism. Theory Snell’s Law states that the angle of refraction depends on the angle of incidence and the index of refraction of the material.
Optics Table 012-06557A Experiment 4: Reflection – Plane and Curved Mirrors EQUIPMENT NEEDED – Light Source – Three-Surface Mirror – metric rule – Optics Bench – Drawing compass (SE-8733) – pencil Purpose RAY DO NOT TOUCH BULB WITH FINGERS. DISCONNECT POWER BEFORE CHANGING BULB. SLITS Part I: Plane Mirror Figure 4.1 5 3 1 BULB: 12V 10W G-4 To study how rays are reflected and to determine the focal length and radius of curvature of different types of mirrors.
012-06557A Optics Table The place where the five reflected rays cross each other is the focal point of the mirror. Measure the focal length from the center of the concave mirror surface to the focal point. Use the compass to draw a circle that matches the curvature of the mirror. Measure the radius of curvature using a rule and compare it to the focal length. Mirror R f Repeat the procedure for the convex surface of the mirror.
Optics Table 012-06557A Remove the Rhombus and draw a line on the Ray Table connecting the points where the ray entered and left the Rhombus. Choose either the point where the ray enters the Rhombus or the point where the ray leaves the Rhombus. At this point, draw the normal to the surface. Measure the angle of incidence (θi) and the angle of refraction. Measure both angles from the normal. Change the angle of incidence and measure the incident and refracted angles again.
012-06557A Optics Table Rotate the Ray Table until the light ray emerging from the Cylindrical Lens just barely disappears. Hold a piece of white paper next to the edge of the Ray Table so you can see the light ray. Reflected Ray Exit point 2θc Just as it disappears, the ray separates into colors. The table is rotated far enough if the red color has just disappeared. Use the pencil to trace the edges of the Cylindrical Lens onto the Ray Table.
Optics Table 012-06557A you about the relationship between the focal lengths of these two lenses? Slide the convex and concave lenses apart to observe the effect of a combination of two lenses. Then reverse the order of the lenses. Trace the patterns. Place the convex lens in the path of the five light rays. Put a finger in front of the slit mask to block out the center three rays and mark the focal point for the outer two rays.
012-06557A Optics Table SLITS RAY Concave Lens Light Source Incident rays 1/2 R COLOR PATTERN To determine the radius of curvature, put the concave lens back in the path of the rays and observe the faint reflected rays off the first surface of the lens. (The front of the lens can be treated as a concave mirror having a radius of curvature equal to twice the focal length of the effective mirror.) Trace the incident rays and the faint reflected rays.
Optics Table 012-06557A Trace the outline of the of the Rhombus and trace the rays diverging from the surface facing away from the Light Source. Remove the Rhombus, turn off the light source, and trace the diverging rays back into the outline of the Rhombus. The place where these rays cross (inside the outline of the Rhombus) is the apparent position of the “bottom” of the Rhombus when viewed from the “top”. t d Rhombus Measure the apparent depth, d, and the thickness, t.
012-06557A Optics Table Teacher’s Guide Experiment 1: Reversibility Suggestions on Procedure For best results, make sure that the Cylindrical Lens is aligned exactly with the Ray Table. The index of refraction is equal to the slope of the “Refraction 1” graph. n = 1.498 The slope of data set 2 is 1/n. Thus, n = 1.501. Yes, the Law of Refraction is the same for light rays going in either direction between the two media..
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012-06557A Optics Table Technical Support Feedback Contacting Technical Support If you have any comments about the product or manual, please let us know. If you have any suggestions on alternate experiments or find a problem in the manual, please tell us. PASCO appreciates any customer feedback. Your input helps us evaluate and improve our product.
