Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide for the PASCO scientific Model TD-8572 HEAT ENGINE/ GAS LAW APPARATUS ® 10101 Foothills Blvd. Roseville, CA 95678-9011 USA Phone (916) 786-3800 FAX (916) 786-8905 web: www.pasco.
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012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Laws Apparatus Table of Contents Section Page Copyright, Warranty, and Equipment Return ....................................................ii Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Equipment ........................................................................................................ 1 Experiments 1) Operation of a Heat Engine ...............................................................
Heat Engine/Gas Laws Apparatus 012-06014C Copyright, Warranty, and Equipment Return Please—Feel free to duplicate this manual subject to the copyright restrictions below. Copyright Notice Equipment Return The PASCO scientific 012-06014B Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus manual is copyrighted and all rights reserved.
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus Introduction The PASCO TD-8572 Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus is used for quantitative experiments involving the Ideal Gas Law (as described below) and for investigations of a working heat engine. The equipment allows the amount of work done by thermal energy to be measured. The heart of this apparatus is a nearly friction-free piston/ cylinder system.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C Notes: 2 ®
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus Experiment 1: Operation of a Heat Engine Equipment Required: • Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus • 100 – 200 g mass • container of hot water • container of ice water Equipment Setup ➀ Using the one-holed stopper, connect the tubing m with the one-way valves to the air chamber and to a connecting port on the base assembly. ➁ Close the shut-off valve on the tubing from the Close the shut-off valve on the tubing from the unused port. unused port.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C ➤ Note: For a more detailed, quantitative investigation of the operation of a heat engine, see Experiment 5 (page 11).
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus Experiment 2: Charles’ Law Equipment Required: • Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus • thermometer • container of hot water • ice Theory Charles’ law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass or quantity of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature: V = cT (at constant P and where T is expressed in degrees Kelvin) Setup ➀ Using the one-holed stopper and plain tubing, connect the base apparatus and the air chamber.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C Notes: 6 ®
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus Experiment 3: Boyle’s Law Equipment Required: • Science Workshop computer interface* • Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus • Pressure Sensor (CI-6532) *For details on setting up and operating the Pressure Sensor with Science Workshop, please consult the instruction sheet for the Pressure Sensor and the User’s Guide for Science Workshop.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C 8 ®
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus Experiment 4: Combined Gas Law (Gay-Lussac’s ) Equipment Required: • Pressure Sensor (CI-6532) • Science Workshop computer interface* • Temperature Sensor (CI-6505) • hot plate • Pyrex beaker with water • ice *For details on setting up and operating the Pressure Sensor and the Temperature Sensor with Science Workshop, please consult the instruction sheets for the Pressure Sensor and the Temperature Sensor and the User’s Guide for Science Workshop.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C Procedure ➀ Record the temperature and pressure as the water heats. ➁ Display a graph of temperature versus pressure in Science Workshop.
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus Experiment 5: The Mass Lifter Heat Engine1 The Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus is ideal for use in the calculus-based experiment 18.10 of the Workshop Physics Activity Guide.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C The Incredible Mass Lifter Engine The heat engine consists of a hollow cylinder with a graphite piston that can move along the axis of the cylinder with very little friction. The piston has a platform attached to it for lifting masses. A short length of flexible tubing attaches the cylinder to an air chamber (consisting of a small can sealed with a rubber stopper that can be placed alternately in the cold reservoir and the hot reservoir.
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus m m m 0 Point A m 0 0 Point B Cold y y Point C Cold Point D Hot Hot Figure 5.3. A simplified diagram of the mass lifter heat engine at different stages of its cycle. 5.1 Activity: Description of the Engine Cycle a. Predicted transition a➔ b: Close the system to outside air but leave the can in the cold reservoir. Make sure the rubber stopper is firmly in place in the can.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C f. Observed transition c➔ d: Remove the added mass and describe what actually happens. Is this what you predicted? g. Predicted transition d➔ a: What do you predict will happen if you now place the can back in the cold reservoir? Explain the reasons for your prediction. h. Observed transition d➔ a: Now it's time to complete the cycle by cooling the system down to its original temperature for a minute or two before placing a new mass to be lifted on it.
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 5.3 Activity: Determining Volume and Pressure a. Take any measurements needed to determine the volume and pressure of air in the system at all four points in the engine cycle. You should do this rapidly to avoid air leakages around the piston and summarize the measurements with units in the space below. b. Next you can use your measurements to calculate the pressure and volume of the system at point a.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C f. Remove the added mass and make any measurements needed to calculate the volume and pressure of air in the system at point d in the cycle. Show your equations and calculations in the space below and summarize your results with units. Pd= Vd= g. We suspect that transitions from a➔ b and from c➔ d are approximately adiabatic. Explain why. h. You should have found that the transitions from b➔ c and from d➔ a are isobaric. Explain why this is the case.
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus b. On the graph in part a, label each of the points on the cycle (a, b, c, and d). Indicate on the graph which of the transitions (a➔ b, b➔ c, etc.) are adiabatic and which are isobaric. Next you need to find a way to determine the area enclosed by the P- V diagram. The enclosed area doesn't change very much if you assume that P is approximately a linear function of V for the adiabatic transitions.
Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus 012-06014C b. What is the equation you need to use to calculate the useful mechanical work done in lifting the mass from one level to another? c. Use the result for the height that the mass is lifted in the power stroke of the engine to calculate the useful mechanical work performed by the heat engine. d.
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