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Bootable Archive is created by adding a special bootable section when backing up the data to CD/DVDs.
Thus you will be able to restore the data from these archives without having to run the program, but by simply
booting from these CD/DVDs.
Cluster is the smallest amount of disk space that can be allocated to hold a file. All file systems used by
Windows organize hard disks based on clusters, which consist of one or more contiguous sectors. The smaller
the cluster size, the more efficiently a disk stores information. If no cluster size is specified during formatting,
Windows picks defaults based on the size of the volume. These defaults are selected to reduce the amount of
space that is lost and the amount of fragmentation on the volume. A cluster is also called an allocation unit.
Extended Partition is a partition type you create only on a basic MBR (Master Boot Record) disk. Extended
partition is used if you want to create more than four volumes on a disk, since it may contain multiple logical
drives.
File System Metadata. The servicing structures of a file system, which contain information about allocating files
and directories, security information etc, are named the file system metadata. It is invisible for users and regular
applications because its accidental modification usually makes a partition unusable.
Hard Disk Geometry. Traditionally, the usable space of a hard disk is logically divided into cylinders, cylinders
are divided into tracks (or heads), and tracks are divided into sectors.
The triad of values {[Sectors-per-Track], [Tracks-per-Cylinder], [Amount-of-Cylinders]} is usually named the Hard
Disk Geometry or C/H/S geometry.
Tracks and cylinders are enumerated from "0", while sectors are enumerated from "1". These disk parameters
play an essential role in the DOS Partitioning scheme.
Modern hardware uses an advanced scheme for the linear addressing of sectors, which assumes that all on-
disk sectors are continuously enumerated from “0”. To allow backward compatibility with older standards,
modern hard disks can additionally emulate the C/H/S geometry.
Hidden Partition. The concept of a "hidden" partition was introduced in the IBM OS/2 Boot Manager. By default,
an operating system does not mount a hidden partition, thus preventing access to its contents.
A method of hiding a partition consists in changing the partition ID value saved in the Partition Table. This is
achieved by XOR-ing the partition ID with a 0x10 hexadecimal value.
Master File Table (MFT) is a relational database that consists of rows of file records and columns of file attributes.
It contains at least one entry for every file on an NTFS volume, including the MFT itself. MFT is similar to a FAT
table in a FAT file system.
MBR & 1st track of the hard disk is the 0th sector of the disk. MBR (Master Boot Record) contains important
information about the disk layout:
- The used partitioning scheme;
- The starting records of the Partition Table;
- The standard bootstrap code (or the initial code of boot managers, disk overlay software or boot viruses).
Generally, the 0th sector is used for similar purposes in all existing partitioning schemes.
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