Technical information

2
6
T
he economic li
f
e is obtained by includin
g
the de
-
c
r
ease
in l
u
min
ous
f
l
u
x
o
v
e
r th
e
se
rvi
ce
li
fe
in th
e
ca
l
cu
l
at
i
on.
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
y
i
ng t
h
e surv
i
va
l
rate
b
y t
h
e ma
i
n-
tenance o
f
the luminous
f
lux provides the decline in
l
u
min
ous
f
l
u
x
of
th
e
in
s
t
a
ll
a
ti
o
n. Th
ese
fac
t
o
r
s
a
r
e
cons
id
ere
d
w
h
en prepar
i
n
g
a ma
i
ntenance sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
accordin
g
to EN12464
(
see also 7.
5
M
a
int
e
n
a
n
ce
of
li
g
h
t
i
ng systems w
i
t
h
meta
l
h
a
lid
e
l
amps
).
Data on lamp survival behavior and luminous
f
lux be-
havior can be
f
ound in the correspondin
g
Technical
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
.
O
ne main reason for the reduction in luminous flux is
blackenin
g
o
f
the arc tube by electrode material which
has settled on the tube wall throu
g
hout the service li
f
e.
F
requent sw
i
tc
hi
n
g
, over
l
oa
d
operat
i
on, use
i
n con-
f
ined luminaires or hi
g
h ambient temperatures can add
to this blackening process and thus clearly reduce the
service life.
O
peration at reduced watta
g
e also causes
i
ncrease
d
tu
b
e
bl
ac
k
en
i
n
g
, as exp
l
a
i
ne
d
i
n c
h
apter 5
“Reducin
g
the watta
g
e o
f
hi
g
h-intensit
y
dischar
g
e
l
am
p
s
”.
6
.2
S
torage of metal halide lamps
Incorrectly stored lamps
(
e.
g
. damp and warm
)
may
su
ff
er corrosion on the contacts a
f
ter a while
;
this oxi
-
dation must be completel
y
removed be
f
ore the lamps
are used. In un
f
avourable conditions, this ma
y
even
result in i
g
nition problems. Lamps with
f
iller material
ma
y
lose this
f
iller material i
f
stored incorrectl
y
and the
soc
k
et contacts ma
y
t
h
en
b
ecome expose
d
.
Th
ere
i
s a
risk o
f
arc-overs durin
g
the i
g
nition process or the risk
o
f
touching live parts.
6
.
3
F
a
il
ure mec
h
an
i
sms o
f
meta
l
h
a
lid
e
l
am
p
s
T
he
f
ollowin
g
f
ailure mechanisms are possible
f
or
meta
l
h
a
lid
e
l
amps an
d
t
h
e pro
b
a
bili
t
y
i
ncreases as t
h
e
lamp
g
ets older
.
•
L
ea
ki
n
g
arc tu
be
•
Increase in re-i
g
nition peak,
fi
nally the lamp
g
oes ou
t
•
Br
o
k
e
n l
eads
•
L
ea
ki
n
g
outer
b
u
lb
•
I
g
nition
f
ailur
e
• Breaka
g
e or wear o
f
the electrodes in the
a
r
c
t
ube
•
S
calin
g
of the base contacts by arcin
g
in
th
e
soc
k
e
t
•
Burstin
g
o
f
the lam
p
6 Lamp service li
f
e, a
g
in
g
and
f
ailure behavior
6
.1
L
amp serv
i
ce
lif
e an
d
a
gi
n
g
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
A
ll lam
p
-s
p
ecific electrical and
p
hotometric data are
ascertained a
f
ter operatin
g
f
or 100 hours under labo-
ratory conditions usin
g
reference ballasts
(
accordin
g
to
IE
C)
. The service life data are determined under con
-
trolled laboratory conditions with a switchin
g
rhythm o
f
11 h on
/
1 h off. In
p
ractice, noticeable deviations can
occur
d
ue to
d
ev
i
at
i
ng supp
l
y vo
l
tage, am
bi
ent tem-
perature an
d
ot
h
er
g
enera
l
con
di
t
i
ons.
F
or meta
l
h
a
lid
e
lamps, there can be individual di
ff
erences in colour
f
rom lamp to lamp, caused b
y
external in
f
luences such
as supp
l
y vo
l
ta
g
e, contro
l
g
ear,
b
urn
i
n
g
pos
i
t
i
on an
d
l
um
i
na
i
re
d
es
i
gn
.
Unless stated otherwise, the speci
f
ications appl
y
to
T
S
types for horizontal burnin
g
position and to T and
E types up to 250 W
f
or base up burnin
g
position. Fo
r
l
amps > 400
W
, t
h
e
h
or
i
zonta
l
b
urn
i
n
g
pos
i
t
i
on app
li
es
f
or the T-lamp. For lamps with 400 W, the burnin
g
po
-
sition depends on the type
(
as stated in the catalo
g
ue
)
.
S
hould deviatin
g
burnin
g
positions be used in prac
-
tice, this could cause chan
g
es in luminous
f
lux, colou
r
tem
p
erature and service life. The P
O
WERBALL H
CI
®
with it
s
r
ou
n
d
a
r
c
t
ube
i
s
l
ess
c
riti
ca
l th
a
n
co
nv
e
nti
o
n
a
l
c
yli
n
d
r
i
ca
l
ceram
i
c tu
b
es
.
The luminous
f
lux is
g
enerally independent o
f
the ambi
-
ent tem
p
erature itsel
f
outside the luminaire. However,
too high ambient temperatures can cause increased
arc tu
b
e
bl
ac
k
en
i
n
g
i
n t
h
e
l
on
g
run.
Al
so, spec
i
a
l
ig
n
i-
tion units are required
f
or lower ambient temperatures
down to approx. – 50
C
°. H
QI
®
-2000
W
l
amps w
i
t
h
i
nte
-
g
ra
te
d auxiliary discharge are only permitted to – 20 °C.
For measurement of the electrical, photometrical and
colour characteristics, HQI
®
-TS and HCI
®
-TS lamps
shall be operated within a luminaire simulator. Details
on luminaire simulator (Quartz tubes around the lamp)
for determinin
g
the lamp data for H
Q
I
®
-T
S
and H
CI
®
-
T
S
can be found in IE
C
61167
,
Annex B.2
.
T
he mean service life stated in the documents
(
B50 val-
ue
)
is the burnin
g
time within which maximum half of the
lam
p
s can have
f
ailed, i.e. the survival rate at this
p
oint
in time is at least 50
%
. This is a value normall
y
indicated
b
y
all lamp manu
f
acturers. Apart
f
rom the B50 value,
i
t
i
s a
l
so common pract
i
ce to
i
n
di
cate t
h
e t
i
mes e.
g
. at
w
hich 10% or 3% of the lamps failed
(
B10 or B3
).
Mean service life
(
B50
):
max.
h
a
lf
t
h
e
l
amps
h
ave
f
a
il
e
d.
Eco
n
o
m
ic
life:
o
n
accou
nt
of
t
he
dec
r
ease
i
n
lu
m
i
n
ous
flu
x
a
n
d
th
e
i
ncreas
i
n
g
f
a
il
ure rate, t
h
e
ill
um
i
nat
i
on
l
eve
l
o
f
th
e
i
nsta
ll
at
i
on
h
as
f
a
ll
en
b
e
l
ow a re
q
u
i
re
d
va
l
ue.