Technical information

11
3
.1.
3
I
n
fl
uence o
f
d
ev
i
at
i
ons
i
n supp
l
y vo
l
ta
g
e
Wh
en operat
i
n
g
meta
l
h
a
lid
e
l
amps on a c
h
o
k
e, t
h
e
l
amp parameters c
h
ange
d
epen
di
ng on t
h
e supp
l
y
vo
l
ta
g
e.
T
o
li
m
i
t t
h
e assoc
i
ate
d
var
i
at
i
on
i
n
l
amp p
h
o
-
tometrics, a maximum deviation in supply volta
g
e o
f
5
%
f
rom the nominal values
f
or the supply volta
g
e is
permitted in the short term, or maximum 3
%
in the
lon
g
term. For deviations over a lon
g
er period o
f
time,
su
i
ta
bl
e
b
a
ll
ast tap must
b
e se
l
ecte
d
.
A
s c
h
o
k
e
i
mpe
d
-
ance also in
f
luences the lam
p
p
arameters via the cor
-
respon
di
n
gl
y a
dj
uste
d
l
amp current, t
hi
s
i
s a
ll
owe
d
to
deviate
f
rom the nominal values b
y
maximum 2
%.
R
emote mount
i
n
g
can a
l
so cause not
i
cea
bl
e
d
e
-
creases in volta
g
e
(
see also chapter 7.4 “Leads to
luminaires”
).
L
on
g
term re
d
uct
i
ons
i
n
l
amp watta
g
e cause t
h
e
l
um
i
-
n
ous
f
lux to decrease
,
with a shorter service li
f
e and
a deviation in colour
f
rom the nominal values
,
as also
ex
pl
a
i
ne
d
i
n c
h
a
p
ter 5:
“W
atta
g
e re
d
uct
i
on
i
n
high
i
ntensit
y
dischar
g
e lamps”
.
I
f
the supply volta
g
e is too hi
g
h, the arc tube is op-
erate
d
at too
h
ot a temperature, caus
i
n
g
i
ncrease
d
blackenin
g
and a shorter service li
f
e
.
3.1.4
C
a
p
acitor for
p
ower factor correction
The capacitor
f
or power
f
actor correction is necessar
y
to
c
orrect the power
f
actor o
f
the system when operatin
g
di
sc
h
ar
g
e
l
amps at e
l
ectroma
g
net
i
c
b
a
ll
asts.
I
n
d
uct
i
ve
l
y
stabilized dischar
g
e lamps achieve power
f
actors o
f
only
a
bout 0.5 because o
f
the de
p
hased current
fl
ow. The
p
ower
f
actor o
f
a load is de
fi
ned as the ratio o
f
e
ff
ective
power to the apparent power actuall
y
withdrawn
f
rom
the
g
rid
(
kW to kvar
)
and is referred to as cos
ϕ
.
The
apparent power comprises the e
ff
ective power used b
y
t
h
e consumers to create e.g.
h
eat or mec
h
an
i
ca
l
energy
an
d
t
h
e
idl
e power t
h
at
i
s use
d
to
d
eve
l
op ma
g
net
i
c or
electric
fi
elds o
f
inductivit
y
and capacit
y
. However the
latter
fl
ows back into the
g
rid a
f
ter a hal
f
cycle len
g
th,
i
.e.
i
t
i
s not actua
lly
“
use
d”
.
Th
e c
l
oser cos
ϕ
i
s to one
,
the smaller is the share o
f
wattless
p
ower withdrawn
f
rom the
g
rid. A hi
g
her share o
f
wattless power results in
a hi
g
her
fl
ow in current
f
or which the supply lines have to
be rated.
S
imilarl
y
, power dissipation in the suppl
y
lines
i
ncreases
i
n a square pro
g
ress
i
on w
i
t
h
t
h
e current.
I
n
or
d
er to ac
hi
eve t
h
e va
l
ues
d
eman
d
e
d
by
t
h
e ut
ili
t
y
com
-
panies o
f
more than 0.85, a
g
rid parallel capacitor must
b
e se
l
ecte
d
accor
di
n
g
to t
h
e
l
amp or c
h
o
k
e current to
approximately correct the shi
f
t in phase. By includin
g
an
exactl
y
calculated capacitor, the inductive wattless load
required b
y
an electric consumer can be o
ff
set with a
ca
p
ac
i
t
i
ve watt
l
ess
l
oa
d
.
I
t
i
s t
h
us
p
oss
ibl
e to re
d
uce t
h
e
wattless power withdrawn
f
rom the
g
rid; this is called the
p
ower
f
actor correction or wattless
p
ower com
p
ensation
.
Th
e ca
p
ac
i
tors are
diff
erent
i
ate
d
as
f
o
ll
ows,
d
ependin
g
on the arran
g
ement and form of use:
INDIVIDUAL OR FIXED COMPENSATION
,
where the in-
d
uct
i
ve watt
l
ess power
i
s correcte
d
di
rect
ly
w
h
ere
i
t occurs,
relievin
g
the strain on the leads (typical for individual con-
sumers usua
ll
y wor
ki
n
g
i
n cont
i
nuous mo
d
e w
i
t
h
constant
or re
l
at
i
ve
l
y
l
ar
g
e watta
g
e –
di
sc
h
ar
g
e
l
amps, async
h
ro-
n
ous motors, transformers, weldin
g
equipment, etc.
)
Fi
g
. 11: Lamp parameters of a t
y
pical
OS
RAM H
Q
I
®
l
amp over supp
ly
vo
l
ta
g
e
Percentage of the nominal value
Percentage of the nominal supply voltage
UL in %
IL in %
PL in %
FL in %
UL
...
L
amp vo
l
ta
g
e
I
L ... Lam
p
current
P
L ... Lamp powe
r
F
L ... L
u
min
ous
fl
u
x
Fi
g
. 12: Lamp parameters of a t
y
pical
OS
RAM H
C
I
®
l
amp over supp
ly
vo
l
ta
ge
Percentage of the nominal value
Percentage of the nominal supply voltage
UL in %
IL in %
PL in %
FL in %
UL ... Lamp volta
ge
IL ... Lam
p
curren
t
PL ... Lam
p
p
owe
r
FL ... L
u
min
ous
fl
ux