PowerDAQ PD2/PDL/PDXI-DIO PCI/PXI High-Density Digital I/O Board User Manual High-Performance Digital I/O boards for PCI/CompactPCI/PXI Bus Computers March 2002 Edition © Copyright 1998-2002 Omega Engineering, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission. Second Edition March 2002 Printing Information furnished in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use, or for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Table of Contents Table of Contents How to Use This Manual ...................................................... iii Introduction...........................................................................................iii Who Should Read This Book? ...............................................................iii Organization of This Manual ................................................................iii Conventions Used in This Manual ........................................................
Table of Contents ESSI .................................................................................................. 38 DSP Interrupt lines........................................................................... 38 Counter-timers................................................................................. 39 Calibration and startup configuration............................................. 39 PowerDAQ Software ...........................................................
How to Use This Manual How to Use This Manual Introduction This manual describes the PowerDAQ PD2/PDL/PDXI-DIO series Digital Input/Output boards. These boards are designed for the PCI and CPCI/PXI buses, 64 and 128 (PD2-only) channel models are available.
How to Use This Manual This chapter discusses the internal structure and subsystems of your PowerDAQ DIO board. Chapter 4 - Interconnections This chapter describes the I/O connections to your PowerDAQ DIO board. Appendix A - Specifications This chapter lists the PowerDAQ DIO hardware specifications. Appendix B - Accessories This appendix lists the PowerDAQ DIO accessories products.
How to Use This Manual CAUTION! Caution advises you of precautions to take to avoid injury, data loss, or system crash. Text formatted in bold typeface may also represent type that should be entered verbatim or a command, as in the following example: You can instruct users how to run setup using a command such as setup.exe. Feedback We are interested in any feedback you might have concerning our products and manuals. A Reader Evaluation form is available on the last page of the manual.
How to Use This Manual vi
1 Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction This chapter describes the basic features of the PowerDAQ PD2/PDL/PDXI DIO boards. About the PowerDAQ DIO board Thank you for purchasing a PowerDAQ DIO board. The PowerDAQ DIO board was designed from the ground-up to provide you a best possible features, reliability and performance available. The associated PowerDAQ DIO software suite has been written specifically for these products.
Chapter 1: Introduction Features PowerDAQ DIO boards exist in a three different series: PD2-DIO, which has 64 and 128 channel boards for the PCI bus and utilizes 100-way boxed high-density ribbon cable connectors. 64-channel boards come in a three different versions – static I/O, streaming I/O (-ST) and counter/timer streaming (-CT). A 128-channel board is available in static and streaming I/O versions only.
Chapter 1: Introduction • Software: PowerDAQ for Windows 95/98/Me1/NT/2000/XP Linux, RT-Linux and QNX C, Visual C++, VB, Delphi, C++ Builder ProffesorDAQ for Excel add-in Drivers for: LabVIEW® LabVIEW® for Linux HP VEE® LabWindows/CVI® TestPoint® DASYLab® DiaDem® Note For the full list of specifications, see Appendix A: Specifications. 1 PowerDAQ™ SDK version 3.0 and greater will discontinue support of Windows95/98/Me.
Chapter 1: Introduction PowerDAQ DIO Applications PowerDAQ DIO family board provides a wide range of powerful features, which allows using this board in a variety of end-user applications.
Chapter 1: Introduction PowerDAQ DIO Models PowerDAQ DIO model numbers are derived from the following: PD[Series]-[Type Of Board]-[Channels][Features] Series are PD2, PDL and PDXI Type of the board is DIO Channels options are 64 and 128 (PD2-DIO only) Features are CT (event streaming) and ST (digital I/O streaming) Note Models Only –ST and –CT boards are suitable for the streamed I/O operations. Regular DIO boards provide only static I/O that may be updated only based on the PC clock.
Chapter 1: Introduction • • ESSI Counter Timers MHz External) Two2 high-speed serial interfaces Three 24-bit (33MHz Internal/16.5 Getting Started To get your PowerDAQ DIO board up and running, ensure that you have the following: • A computer with PCI (PD2-DIO or PDL-DIO) or cPCI/PXI (PDXI-DIO) slots and the BIOS compliant to PCI Specifications 2.1 or greater. See Appendix D: Common • • PowerDAQ DIO board with user manual. PowerDAQ DIO Software for Windows 9x/Me3/2000/XP or other target OS supported.
Chapter 1: Introduction 8
2 Installation and Configuration
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Installation and Configuration This chapter describes the hardware and software installation and configuration of the PowerDAQ DIO board. Unpacking Your PowerDAQ DIO board is wrapped in an anti-static bag to protect against electrostatic charges that might damage the board. To avoid damage, proceed as follows: 1. Ground yourself with a grounded wrist strap or grounded source. 2.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration 3. If you installing PD2-DIO board, connect all desired cables to the DIO board and put them through the hole in the PCI bracket of the PD2-DIO board. 4. If you are installing PDL-DIO board, and intending to use ESSI and/or counter timers and/or external clocking, connect PDL-DIO-CBL-37 to the J3 and J4 connectors on the board and install bracket to any available slot in your computer. 5. Insert the PowerDAQ PD2/PDL-DIO board into a PCI slot.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration 4. Insert the PowerDAQ PDXI-DIO board into a cPCI/PXI slot. To do so pull insertion lock down and move the PDXI-DIO board carefully into the chassis making sure, that board edges are in safety rails. After board is completely in, pull the lock up. 5. Make sure that PDXI-DIO board is completely inserted into the dedicated slot. 6. Screw in the safety screw on the bracket of PDXI-DIO board. 7. Turn the PC on. The PowerDAQ PDXI-DIO board is now installed.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Note Never delete the OMEGA ENGINEERING PowerDAQ software from you PC directly. Always use Uninstall program from PowerDAQ folder or Control Panel/Add-Remove Programs applet. Note Once the installation is complete, the PC must be rebooted for the proper operation. Note Windows NT/2000/XP users must be logged in as an administrator or have equivalent access.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Diagnostics Once installed PowerDAQ DIO board must be properly recognized by operating system and all PowerDAQ software. In order to confirm board operation, install the PowerDAQ SDK (software development kit), which installs a PowerDAQ application control panel, and diagnostic program, that will display the board configuration.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Figure 2: PowerDAQ control panel application showing PD2-DIO64 board installed There is a diagnostic program supplied with PowerDAQ SDK called DIO Test Application (DIOTest.exe). This program is located in PowerDAQ program folder in Windows Start/Programs menu. You can run this program and actually verify the functionality of the DIO.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Figure 3: Digital I/O Board Test Application 16
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Hardware diagnostic procedure Connect PowerDAQ DIO board to the screw terminal using the proper cable (PD-DIO-CBL-100 for the PD2-DIO boards and PD-DIO-CBL-96 for all other models). First thing you can measure is a presence of 5V power on the screw terminal, which has 200mA maximum load capability (up to 1A option is available, please contact factory for the details).
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration pddi_evt.c - digital input events dsp_irqs.c - high-speed interrupts (IRQA / IRQB / IRQC / IRQD) essi_io.c - ESSI0/ESSI1 simple I/O access pdsp_uct.c - highlights basic timer programming Note The examples are also available for Visual BASIC and Delphi. Third-party software support PowerDAQ SDK supports virtually every third-party software package, available on the market.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Accessories PowerDAQ DIO boards are supplied with a large range of accessories: • • • • • Cables Screw terminal panels Complete kits Signal Conditioning OEM distribution panel Cables Note To insure minimum (DIO only) board functionality the following cables must be used, (depending on the board model): PD2-DIO-64x – PD-DIO-CBL-100, PD2-DIO-128x – 2 x PD-DIO-CBL-100.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Also separate cables PDL-DIO-CBL-16 (J3) and PDL-DIO-CBL-26 (J4) may be used for the cost and/or space sensitive applications. In this case cables may be pulled through the hole in the PCI bracket. To do so, please unscrew the bracket, put the cables through the rectangular hole in it and screw the bracket back to the board. PDXI-DIO Series The J1 connector uses a 96-way 1-meter round shielded high-density cable (PN PDXI-CBL-96).
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Screw Terminal Panels PD2-DIO Series The PD2-DIO-STP-64 is a 64-channel screw terminal panel, which also includes connections for the counter timers, high speed IRQ and ESSI ports. Figure 3 shows the typical connections between the PD2-DIO and PD2DIO-STP-64 terminal panel. Note that for 128-lines board one extra PD2-DIO-STP-64 and PD-DIO-CBL-100 is required.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration PDL-DIO and PDXI-DIO Series The PDL-DIO-STP-64 is a 64-channel screw terminal panel, which also includes connections for the counter timers, high speed IRQ and ESSI ports. This STP panel utilizes 96-way Fujitsu connector for the connectivity with PDL/PDXI DIO board DIO lines. Figure 5: PDL-DIO-STP-64 Wiring Diagram Connections on the Figure 5 applied to the PDL-DIO/PDXI-DIO series.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Complete kits We have included the PD2-DIO-CBL-100 and the PD2-DIO-STP-64 into a complete kit. The product is available by ordering PN PD2-DIO-STP64-KIT. This kit may be used with PD2-DIO boards only.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration J1 Connector (PD2-DIO) Figure 7: Connector pin assignment for the J1 (PD2-DIO) 24
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration J2 Connector (PD2-DIO-128 only) Figure 8: Connector pin assignment for the J2 (PD2-DIO128) 25
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration J4/J5 ESSI Connector (PD2-DIO) Figure 9: Connector Pin Assignments for J4/5 (PD2-DIO) Note J4/J5 Connector was designed to use either 26-way IDC header for both ports or one 12-way IDC header for the single port operations. For the combined J4/J5 port the pin numbering is follows – 1..12 – ESSI0 (J4), 13..14 – N/C, 15..26 – ESSI1(J5).
PDL-DIO board J1 Connector 1 J3 Connector J4 Connector Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration DSP PowerDAQ PCI Bus Low Noise DC-DC PXI J4 Connector J1 Connector J3 Connector Figure 11: PowerDAQ PDL-DIO Connectors PowerDAQ PDXI-DIO board CompactPCI Bus DSP Figure 12: PowerDAQ PDXI-DIO Connectors 27
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration J1 Connector (PDL/PDXI-DIO) If you wish to develop you own custom cable, you can purchase the connector and metal cover from your distributor or the factory. The part number is PD-CONN. The manufacturer is: Fujitsu Takamisawa America, Inc. Telephone: 408-745-4990 Fax: 408-745-4995 The manufacturers’ part number for the connector is FCN-230C096C/E and the metal cover FCN-247J096-G/E. Custom terminal panels are available.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration J1 Connector (PDL/PDXI-DIO) Figure 13: Connector pin assignment for the J1 (PDL/PDXI-DIO) 29
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration J3 Counter/Timers/IRQx (PDL/PDXI-DIO) Connector Figure 14: Connector Pin Assignment for the J3 (PDL/PDXI-DIO) J4 ESSI Connector (PDL/PDXI-DIO) Figure 15: Connector Pin Assignments for J4 (PDL/PDXIDIO) OEM Header Distribution Connector The PD2-DIO-CONN64-4 distributes the 64 I/O’s lines into the four sets 16 I/O lines via a 50-pin industry standard IDC connector. These connectors may be attached directly into the standard relay boards.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration Figure 16: PD2-DIO-CONN wiring diagram The PDL-DIO-CONN64-4 should be used instead of PD2-DIO-CONN644, when distribution of 64 lines to four sets of 16 lines via 50-way IDC cable is required for the PDL-DIO or PDXI-DIO boards. Custom terminal panels are available. Please contact your distributor or the factory.
Chapter 2: Installation and Configuration 32
3 Architecture
Chapter 3: Architecture Architecture This chapter describes the functional operation of the PowerDAQ DIO boards. Figures 17, 18 and 19 represent the block diagrams of PD2-DIO, PDLDIO and PDXI-DIO boards, respectively. Timed input/output streamed access to the DIO subsystem is available on the –ST models only. Counter/timer event streaming is implemented on the –CT models only.
Chapter 3: Architecture Figure 18: Block Diagram of the PowerDAQ PDL-DIO boards Figure 19: Block Diagram of the PowerDAQ PDXI-DIO boards 35
Chapter 3: Architecture Functional Overview All PowerDAQ DIO boards are based on the Motorola 56301 DSP with full 32-bit 33MHz PCI support. All subsystems, except DIO are resides on the DSP itself and accessible via PowerDAQ SDK functions. The DIO subsystem is implemented as a set of 16-bit bi-directional registers with overvoltage and ESD protection circuitry and pull-up resistors (PDL-DIO and PDXI-DIO series only).
Chapter 3: Architecture Note The drivers from the PowerDAQ web site always contains the latest versions of the DSP firmware. Please check www.Omega Engineeringdaq.com for the updates. Note Custom programming of the DSP is not available with the standard PowerDAQ DIO product. However, should you require DSP processing, please consult the factory. PCI/PXI Bus Interface The PowerDAQ DIO boards communicate via the PCI bus. The PCI bus interface is embedded in the Motorola 56301 DSP.
Chapter 3: Architecture The digital I/O lines are capable of sinking up to 32mA at logic 1 and 64mA at logic 0 (guaranteed TTL levels). See datasheet at the end of the manual for the details. This will support standard SSR and other devices. Also, there is an option available for the +/-24mA registers with guaranteed 4.2V output at 24mA, contact factory for the details. ESSI The Motorola 56301 DSP contains two High-Speed Enhanced serial interfaces called ESSI.
Chapter 3: Architecture Counter-timers Depending on your PowerDAQ DIO board operation mode, the board can support up to the three DSP based 24-bit counter/timers with maximum count rate up to the 33 MHz for internal base clock and 16.5 MHz for the external clock. The minimum count rate is 0.00002 Hz for the internal clock and has no bottom limit (but still require relatively sharp, no longer than 1 ms, falling edge) for the external clock.
Chapter 3: Architecture 40
4 PowerDAQ Software
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software PowerDAQ Software PowerDAQ DIO board terminology All DIO boards are visible to the external world as a set of 16-bit bidirectional registers called ports. Valid port numbers are 0 through 3 for the 64 channel boards (lines 0..15, 16..31, 32..47 and 48..63 respectively) and 0 through 7 for the 128 channel board (additional four registers represents lines 64..79, 80..95, 96..111 and 112..
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Note Only –ST and –CT boards are suitable for the streamed I/O operations with maximum clock frequency up to 1600 KHz. Regular DIO boards provide only static I/O that may be updated only based on the PC clock.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Input/Output Mode Single Update The PowerDAQ DIO boards operate with either a single-update or streaming input configuration. Single-update inputs/output mode allows performing direct read/write access to any of the 16-bit ports of the DIO board. Boards without –CT and –ST suffixes in the part number will allow this mode only for the DIO and counter/timer operations.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Steps 3-5 may be repeated indefinitely, steps 3 and 5 may be unnecessary, depends on the specific application. All the functions above may be easily combined to high-level versions. C example for this mode is available and it is installed with PowerDAQ SDK pddio_in.c - digital I/O single read example pddio_ou.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Event-based streamed I/O Event-based streamed I/O mode allows continuous pattern generation and is not limited by the amount of data. Every time the DSP based FIFO is 1/2 full an interrupt is fired to request additional data be sent to the board. The PowerDAQ advanced buffering mechanism hides those interrupts from the user and allows you to work with big output arrays logically divided by frames.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software AIB_FIXEDDMA – use fixed channel list mode (1/2/4/8 channels only), input mode, default. AOB_DMAEN – use fixed channel list mode (1/2/4/8 channels only), output mode, default, must be part of the configuration word for the _PdDOAsyncInit call.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Auto-regeneration output (pattern regeneration) Some testing and control application require a continuous regeneration of the same output pattern. For these purposes PowerDAQ DIO board defines an especially dedicated mode, called auto-regeneration I/O. Auto-regeneration mode can be used to create fixed length patterns without any host intervention of user software after the subsystem has initialized.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software DIO Channel List There are two channel list modes available on the PowerDAQ DIO boards: • continuous unlimited length channel list • fixed length channel list First option provides most flexible solution, available on the market, to the customer. In this case, every output sample is accomplished by read/write port number. The only trade-of is a performance limitation (500KS/sec upstream / downstream maximum).
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Digital Input Change-Of-State interrupts One of the powerful features of the PowerDAQ DIO boards is an ability to detect state change on any of the selected input line and optionally interrupt the host PC when those conditions are detected. The way this feature implemented guarantees minimum possible response time for the digital input change – all unused time of the DSP is dedicated to the state change detection process.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Timing and Control The PowerDAQ DIO clocking and triggering features are extensive and can be configured in different ways. Digital Input/Output Clocking Clocking comprises of two input signals 1. Input clock – used to clock digital input channels in channel list. 2. Output clock – used to clock digital output channels in channel list. You must load the channel list prior to starting the acquisition. Note, that only –CT and –ST boards support the clocked I/O operations.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software PD-DIO-CBL-16 or equivalent must be used to connect PDx-DIO board J3 connector to the PDx-DIO-STP-64 when external trigger is used. Trigger source must be connected to the IRQC terminal on the PDxDIO-STP-64 via 200-Ohm current-limiting resistor. See high-speed interrupt section for more details about IRQ handling.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Synchronizing two or more boards Some applications require multiple board synchronization. PDXI-DIO board has more options for the inter-board synchronization, which includes PXI bus and external connections via the cables. All other boards allow synchronization based only on external cabling connections. Note Using the PowerDAQ ™ control panel applet; please ensure the software driver recognizes the two or more PowerDAQ boards. Custom synchronization connections are required.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Enhanced Serial Interfaces (ESSI) Basically ESSI port has input and output data lines, input and output clock lines and input and output frame synchronization lines. Frame is 1 to 32 data words. Data word length is 8/12/16/24 and 32 bits. 32-bit mode doesn’t use either most or least significant byte (MSB/LSB). Also operational mode includes normal and network modes. Network mode adds one extra bit clock after every frame for the synchronization.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software pdssi_ib.c - ESSI0 RX0 input stream pdssi_ob.c - ESSI0 TX0 output stream TIP Please refer to the example sources and the Motorola DSP56301 DSP user manual (Motorola PN DSP565301UM) for the details about ESSI port programming. Also, there are useful applications notes (AN1764) available from the Motorola’s website www.mot.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Counter/Timer Subsystem Counter/timer subsystem has three 24-bit counters, and common 20bit optionally used divider called pre-scaler. Each counter has a set of it’s own load/count/status and compare registers. Please refer to the example sources and Motorola DSP56301 DSP user manual (Motorola PN DSP565301UM) for the details about DSP counter/timer programming. Counters named TMR0, TMR1 and TMR2.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software Each counter is a 24-bit count-up counter, after power-up, the count value and output of all counters is set to zero. Each counter must be programmed before it can be used; unused counters need not be programmed. Counters are programmed by using the PowerDAQ SDK. Each counter is fully independent of the others except all counters share the same pre-scaler. Each counter may operate in a different mode. PowerDAQ SDK provides a set of examples for the DSP counter/timers. pdct_evt.
Chapter 4: PowerDAQ Software High-Speed interrupts A high-Speed interrupt line is powerful feature of the PowerDAQ DIO boards. IRQ lines act as a part of the Digital input subsystem and use the same mechanism as digital input change-of-state interrupts uses. IRQ reacts to the external event in 100nS and interrupt the host PC in less, than 1uS but host PC reaction depends on the current system load and operational system used. IRQx terminal detects only negative edge of the incoming signal.
5 Appendixes
Appendixes Appendix A: Specifications PowerDAQ DIO specifications: All external I/O on the PowerDAQ DIO boards are 7 kV ESD protected and +35/-5v Overshoot/Undershoot protected. PDL-DIO and PDXI-DIO models provide 10Kohm pull-ups on all I/O lines. They may be optionally left unpopulated based on customer request.
Appendixes Output Drive Characteristics: Parameter Output Drive Current Output High Voltage Output High Voltage Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage I/O Power Off Leakage Test conditions VO = 2.5V IOH = -3 mA IOH = -15 mA IOH = -32 mA IOL = 64 mA V I/O @ 4.5V Result -32 mA per pin -180 mA per port 3.5V typ, 4.8V max 3.5V typ, 4.7V max 2.4V min, 3.0V typ 0.2V typ, 0.
Appendixes ESSI Specifications: Parameter Number of Channels Resolution Maximum Rate Minimum Rate Minimum Pulse Width Output High Level Output Low Level Protection Input Low Voltage Input High Voltage 62 Value 2 8/12/16/24 16.5 Mb/s 16.113 b/s low limit for external clock 20 ns 2.0V min @ -4 mA 0.5V max @ 4 mA 7 kV ESD, ±30V overshoot/undershoot 0.0–0.8V 2.0–5.
Appendixes Appendix B: Digital Signal Conditioning General Description All PowerDAQ boards can control solid-state relays when combined with PD-SSR series modules, which are available as inputs for sensing changes or as outputs to send TTL signals for control purposes. The PD-SSR senses logic levels and sends results to the PowerDAQ DIO subsystem. It also detects and reports opens and shorts. PD-SSR modules plug into a 16-channel backplane (PD2-DIO-BPLANE-16).
Appendixes Technical Specifications Digital Input Modules Ordering Current Max TurnOn Time Max TurnOff Time 16 mA 20 ms 30 ms 10 mA 16 mA 20 ms 30 ms 32 mA 16 mA 1 ms 1 ms Nominal Input Max Input Max 5V DC Information Input Voltage Current PD-SSR-IAC-5 120V AC 90–140V 10 mA PD-SSR-IAC5A PD-SSR-IDC-5 240V AC 120–280V 3.3–32V DC 3.
Appendixes Appendix C: Dimensions Dimensions: The following table contains the dimensions of the PowerDAQ DIO boards and accessory products. Product Dimensions (W x L x H) PD2-DIO-xx 4.2” x 8.6” x 0.5” PDL-DIO-xx 4” x 5” x 0.5” PDXI-DIO-xx 4” x 7” x 0.5” PD2-DIO-STP-64 4.4” x 7.1” x 2.1” PD2-DIO-CONN64-4 4.4” x 7.1” x 2.1” PDL-DIO-STP-64 4.4” x 7.1” x 2.1” PDL-DIO-CONN64-4 4.4” x 7.1” x 2.1” PDXI-DIO-STP-64 4.4” x 7.1” x 2.1” PDXI-DIO-CONN64-4 4.4” x 7.1” x 2.
Appendixes Appendix D: Common Questions and Support Q What is PCI Specification 2.1? A The PCI LocalBus is a high-performance bus that provides a processor-independent data path between the CPU and highspeed peripherals. PCI is a robust interconnect mechanism designed specifically to accommodate multiple high performance peripherals for graphics, full motion video, SCSI, LAN, etc. The PCI Local Bus Specifications, Rev 2.
Appendixes Service and Support If you have technical problems using PowerDAQ PD2-DIO, our Technical Support department can be reached by: Telephone: (781) 821 2890 Fax: (781) 821 2891 Email: support@powerdaq.com Web Site: www.powerdaq.com For the most efficient service, please be available at your computer and be prepared to answer several questions listed on the following page when you call for technical support. This information helps us identify specific system and configuration-related problems.
Appendixes Technical Support Form Photocopy this form and update it each time you make changes to your software or hardware. Completing this form accurately before contacting us for technical support helps our application engineers answer your questions more efficiently.
Appendixes Appendix E: Warranty Overview IBM, IBM PC/XT/AT and IBM PS/2 are trademarks of International Business Machine Corporation. BASIC is a trademark of Dartmouth College. Microsoft is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Appendixes Omega Engineering, inc. warrants that the products furnished under this agreement will be free from material defects for a period of one year from the date of shipment. The customer shall provide notice to Omega Engineering of such defect within one week after the Customer’s discovery of such defect.
Glossary Glossary A Asynchronous (1) Hardware - A property of an event that occurs at an arbitrary time, without synchronization to a reference clock. (2) Software - A property of a function that begins an operation and returns prior to the completion or termination of the operation. B Background Acquisition Data is acquired by a DAQ system while another program or processing routine is running without apparent interruption.
Glossary Bus Master A type of a plug-in board or controller with the ability to read and write devices on the computer bus. Byte Eight related bits of data, an eight-bit binary number. Also used to denote the amount of memory required to store one byte of data. C Cache High-speed processor memory that buffers commonly used instructions or data to increase processing throughput.
Glossary Current Sinking The ability of a DAQ board to dissipate current for analog or digital output signals. Current Sourcing The ability of a DAQ board to supply current for analog or digital output signals.
Glossary fastest method of transferring data to/from computer memory. Drivers Software that controls a specific hardware device, such as DAQ boards. DSP Digital signal processing. Dual-Access Memory Memory that can be sequentially accessed by more than one controller or processor but not simultaneously accessed. Also known as shared memory. Dual-Ported Memory Memory that can be simultaneously accessed by more than one controller or processor.
Glossary External Trigger A voltage pulse from an external source that triggers an event such as digital input latch signal. F FIFO First-In First-Out Memory Buffer: The first data stored is the first data sent to the acceptor. Fixed-Point A format for processing or storing numbers as digital integers. Floating-Point A format for processing or storing numbers in scientific exponential notation (digits multiplied by a power of 10).
Glossary IMD Intermodulation Distortion: The ratio, in dB, of the total rms signal level of harmonic sum and difference distortion products, to the overall rms signal level. The test signal is two sine waves added together according to the following standards: Input Impedance The measured resistance capacitance between the terminals of a circuit. Input Offset Current The difference in the input bias currents of the two inputs of an instrumentation amplifier.
Glossary input to the amplifier output, or to the computer bus. K k Kilo, the standard metric prefix for 1,000, or 103, used with units of measure such as volts, hertz, and meters. K Kilo, the prefix for 1,024, or 210, used with B in quantifying data or computer memory. kbytes/s A unit for data transfer that means 1,000 or 103 bytes/s. L Linearity The adherence of device response to the equation R = KS, where R =response, S = stimulus, and K = a constant. LSB Least significant bit.
Glossary Multitasking A property of an operating system in which several processes can be run simultaneously. N Noise An undesirable electrical signal. Noise comes from external sources such as the AC power line, motors, generators, transformers, fluorescent lights, soldering irons, CRT dis-plays, computers, electrical storms, welders, radio transmitters, and internal sources such as semiconductors, resistors, and capacitors.
Glossary eliminate high-potential differences and transients. Output Settling Time The amount of time required for the analog output voltage to reach its final value within specified limits. Output Slew Rate The maximum rate of change of analog output voltage from one level to another. Overhead The amount of computer processing resources, such as time and/or memory, required to accomplish a task.
Glossary proprietary programming and networking protocols, and specialpurpose digital and analog I/O ports. Plug and Play ISA A specification prepared by Microsoft, Intel, and other PC-related companies that will result in PCs with plug-in boards that can be fully configured in software, without jumpers or switches on the boards. Port A communications connection on a computer or a remote controller.
Glossary through a communications such as the GPIB. channel, Q Quantization Error The inherent uncertainty in digitizing an analog value due to the finite resolution of the conversion process. R Real Time A property of an event or system in which data is processed as it is acquired in-stead of being accumulated and processed at a later time. Resource Locking A technique whereby a device is signaled not to use its local memory while the memory is in use from the bus.
Glossary voltage/digital value on a capacitor for a short period of time. SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio: The ratio of the overall rms signal level to the rms noise level, expressed in dB. Software Trigger A programmed event that triggers an event such as data acquisition. SPDT Single-Pole Double Throw: A property of a switch in which one terminal can be connected to one of two other terminals.
Glossary distortion to the overall rms signal, in dB or percent. THD+N Signal-to-THD Plus Noise: The ratio in decibels of the overall rms signal to the rms signal of harmonic distortion plus noise introduced. Thermistor A semiconductor sensor that exhibits a repeatable change in electrical resistance as a function of temperature. Most thermistors exhibit a negative temperature coefficient. Thermocouple A temperature sensor created by joining two dissimilar metals.
Glossary Zero-Wait-State Memory 84 Memory fast enough that the processor does not have to wait during any reads and writes to the memory.
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