DOC-6951/1.
TM CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches Guide to Operations
ii Trademarks GoCard and the Olicom clasped hands logo are registered trademarks of Olicom A/S. CellDriver, ClearServer, ClearSession, ClearSight, CrossFire, LANscout, PowerMACH, RapidFire and RapidLAN are trademarks of Olicom A/S. ClearCare, ClearPartner, ClearStep and ExpertWatch are service marks of Olicom A/S. Olicom is a registered trademark. Other brand and product names are trademarks, registered trademarks, service marks or registered service marks of their respective holders.
iii Modifications If the device is changed or modified without the express approval of Olicom A/S the user may void his or her authority to operate the equipment. Safety Notices ➽ ➽ ➽ ➽ Danger: To avoid shock hazard, do not connect or disconnect any cables or perform installation, maintenance, or reconfiguring of the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and/or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch during an electrical storm.
iv CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
v Table of Contents 1. Overview and Specifications Switching Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch of Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch of Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch of Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch of Desktops . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch of Floors and Buildings . . . . . . Switch of Routers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . Out-of-Band Management (OBM) . . . . Token-Ring Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . Switched Port Analyzer. . . . .
vi Optional Redundant Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Benefits of the CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605. . . . . . 32 3. Preparing for Installation Safety Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . Safety with Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage Site Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chassis Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooling and Airflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power . . . . . . . .
vii 6. Switch Configuration General Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navigating within the Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuration... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistics... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download/Upload... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reset... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exit Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii Address Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Address Aging Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port Address Table Aging Screen . . . . . . . Master Address Table Aging Screen . . . . . Password Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Console/Telnet Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . Console Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . Serial Link Configuration Screen . . . . . . . Creating a Console Session Using a Modem . Stopping the Console Session. . . . . . . . . Telnet Configuration Screen . . . . . .
ix Diagnostic Test Results Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Message Log Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Display Summary Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 8. Monitoring the Network with SNMP SNMP Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IP Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . SNMP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . SNMP Configuration Screen . . . . . . Community Strings Screen . . . . . . . Trap Receivers Screen . . . . . . . . .
x Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for Shared-Media LAN Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
xi List of Figures Figure 1. CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2. CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch . . . . . . . . . Figure 3. Location of LEDs, Switches, and Connectors on CrossFire 8600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4. Location of LEDs, Switches, and Connectors on CrossFire 8605 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5. Multiple Conversations Through a CrossFire 8600 or CrossFire 8605 Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 6.
xii List of Tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. Table 18. Table 19. Table 20. Table 21. Table 22. Table 23. Table 24. Table 25. Table 26. Table 27. Table 28. Table 29. Table 30. Status LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stack-link LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . Port LEDs and Their Meanings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiii About this Manual This manual is intended for network technicians familiar with the installation and operation of networking equipment. It contains all the information required to install and operate the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and/or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch. TM Unless one of the switches is mentioned alone, the information in this guide applies to both CrossFire 8600 and CrossFire 8605. The manual contains the following chapters and appendices.
xiv Appendix B, “Cable and Pin Information”, lists cables and cable types that can be used with CrossFire Token-Ring equipment. ❏ CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
1 1. Overview and Specifications This chapter discusses switching technology and how the CrossFire 8600 TokenRing Switch and/or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch can be used to improve network performance. This chapter also includes a list of features and specifications for the switch. The topics of this chapter are presented under the following titles: • • • “Switching Technology”, starting on page 2. “Physical Characteristics”, starting on page 5.
2 Switching Technology Demand for network bandwidth continues to grow, driven by the increasing number of systems used in network-intensive applications. LAN segmentation has been the prevalent method for addressing these demands and has been further popularized by trends toward server centralization. However, the implementation costs of LAN segmentation, as well as the real performance characteristics of conventional network components, have served to limit growth of some TokenRing networks.
3 The CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 can easily connect with other CrossFire products to deliver a broad range of network carrying capacity. Bandwidth is easily scaled to meet all performance requirements. Switch of Servers With client/server applications, many client workstations may attempt to access a single server at the same time. This traffic pattern may create bottlenecks at the server.
4 Switch of Floors and Buildings For network managers, multistorey buildings and campuses can represent a unique networking challenge. How can a network manager provide an efficient LAN interconnect for users that are located on several floors of a building or in different buildings? Token-Ring switching and the CrossFire product family can provide the best solution.
5 Physical Characteristics STACK-LINK RX LED STACK-LINK ATTACH LED STACK-LINK TX LED SysReq button 2 Expansion modules CrossFire 8600 DIAG STACK-LINK ERR MANAGEMENT PWR DIAG ERR RST 3 4 2 1 1 RX ATTACH TX TX RX INS TX RX INS TX TOKEN-RING SWI RX INS TX RX INS DIAG 5 6 2 7 8 ERR 4 9 RST button (reset) ERR LED DIAG LED PWR LED MANAGEMENT port (Out-of-Band Management) 3 10 11 12 13 ACT 1 14 ACT 2 15 16 ACT 3 17 ACT 4 18 19 Port ACT LED Port INS LED 20 To
6 Token-Ring Ports • CrossFire 8600 Twenty shielded RJ-45 connectors for Token-Ring connection. — Support for the IBM Cabling System via 150 ohm, shielded twisted-pair (150 ohm STP); or 100 or 120 ohm unshielded twisted-pair via Category 3, 4, or 5 cables. — These ports allow half-duplex (HDX) or full-duplex (FDX) connections to other switches, hubs, or end nodes. • CrossFire 8605 Twenty fiber VF-45 connectors for Token-Ring connection.
7 Universal Expansion Slots and Modules The switch contains two universal expansion slots (see Figure 3 or Figure 4) that will accommodate optional, field-installable Universal Expansion Modules (UEMs) that provide additional connections.
8 Status and Activity LEDs The switch features three status LEDs on the front panel that show the current status of the switch. Also on the front panel are three LEDs that show activity for the optional stacker link module. In addition, each Token-Ring port has two LEDs. On CrossFire 8600, these two LEDs are unlabelled and located on the upper edge of each port. On CrossFire 8605, these LEDs are located under each port and labelled ACT and INS.
9 Table 2 lists the stack-link LEDs and their meanings. LED State Meaning TX On or blinking Data is being transmitted to the stack link. It is blinking, when the stack interface is inserted. RX On or blinking Data is being received from the stack link. It is blinking, when the stack interface is inserted. ATTACH On A connection has been established to the stack. Table 2. Stack-link LEDs and Their Meanings Table 3 lists the port LEDs and their meanings.
10 Features and Specifications Features and specifications for the CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 are listed below.
11 Management • Extensive and sophisticated network management: — SNMP management — Out-of-band management via Telnet and VT100 consoles — Graphical management application for HP OpenView for Windows 95 and Windows NT (for information on additional management applications for Unix, please contact your local Olicom sales representative) • • • • • • Support for RMON and standard MIBs Network statistics LAN probe port mirroring Fault isolation and detection Download via TFTP or X-modem of new switch microcod
12 Specifications The tables on the following pages list the product specifications for the CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605.
13 Performance Specification Maximum frame rate per port Value 57,000 pps in each direction (measured with a frame size of 19 bytes) Maximum aggregate frame rate 200,000 pps in each direction. Full media speed for frame sizes above 28 bytes per 4 ports Throughput per port 16 Mbps in each direction for all frame sizes 1,500,000 pps for smallest frame sizes Aggregate switching rate (unicast or broadcast) for entire switch Within switch latency (cut-through) 35 µs Table 5.
14 Specification Value Operating Temperature: Non-operating Temperature: 10 to 40°C (50 to 104°F) -10 to 70°C (13 to 158°F) Humidity: Operating Non-operating 8 to 80% (non-condensing) 90% @ 45°C (113°F) Electromagnetic emissions certification FCC Class A EN55022 Class A VCCI Class A Safety UL1950 CSA C22.2 No.
15 Specification Network management Value - SNMP Management Platform - Included in Olicom ClearSight Management System - Additional management applications available on Unix platforms: —HP OpenView NNM for HP-UX —Tivoli TME 10 NetView for AIX Console Telnet sessions Switch Manager for HP OpenView for Windows 95 and NT Table 6. Specifications of Physical Characteristics ❏ CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
16 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
17 2. Switch Theory of Operation This chapter explains how the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and/or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch improve network performance. The topics of this chapter are presented under the following titles: • • “How the CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 Works”, starting on page 17. “Benefits of the CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605”, starting on page 32.
18 Multiple Simultaneous Conversations A limitation of Token-Ring is that it supports only one packet at a time. The CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 improve data throughput by supporting multiple, simultaneous, full-duplex conversations. By using High-Speed bus switching technology, the switch creates multiple data paths. These switched connections between Token-Ring segments last only for the duration of a byte transmission.
19 conversations, the switch creates 160 Mbps throughput in half-duplex mode, or 320 Mbps throughput in full-duplex mode. A single segment can be dedicated to a single host or shared by several. To optimize throughput, high-speed servers can be given dedicated switch ports. By transporting multiple Token-Ring packets simultaneously, it boosts overall network throughput.
20 Multiple Bridging Modes The CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 each supports four different switching modes to provide maximum flexibility in all installation environments. The switching modes are Source Route Switching (SRS), Source Route Bridging (SRB), Source Route Transparent (SRT) and SRT/SRB. The switch operates on two levels (BRF and CRF) as outlined below. Figure 6.
21 There are two levels of relay functions supported by the switch. The first level is the TrCRF (Token Ring Concentrator Relay Function) to which the ports are assigned. The second level is the TrBRF (Token Ring Bridge Relay Function). This is the parent relay function to which TrCRFs are assigned. The switch maintains certain configuration information and management statistics on a per BRF/CRF basis.
22 Source-routed frames are switched across logical rings by Source-Route Bridging and within each logical ring by Source-Route Switching. The Bridge Relay Function runs the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol. Duplicate MAC addresses are not allowed. SRT/SRB This is a special mode combining SRT and the SRB switching modes. Each Logical Ring will operate either in SRT mode or in SRB mode. Transparent bridging will only take place between logical rings in SRT mode.
23 • Block destination address at a specific port—this prevents the specified port from sending frames to a specified destination. • Allow destination address at specific ports—this indicates that the specified port must send frames to the specified destinations only. • Force destination address to a specific port—this allows forwarding to a unicast address that has not been learned. It can also be used to limit the forwarding of Multicast addresses to a subset of ports.
24 faulty packets is high, the store and forward mode is used. This provides optimized performance but introduces variable latency. Token-Ring Port Operation Modes Each Token-Ring port may operate in one of the following modes: • Half-duplex concentrator port The port behaves like an active MAU port for classical Token-Ring. Connects to a single station in half-duplex mode. This is also known as Token Passing (TKP) port mode. • Half-duplex station emulation The port is connected to a port on a MAU.
25 the same segment. Therefore, the IEEE Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) must be enabled, which will place one port in forward and the other in blocked mode. If there is a break in the main ring, the STP will place both ports in forward mode, and all MACs on both segments will be relearned. If a switch port has been configured to RI/RO mode, it will automatically sense whether the port has been connected to RI or RO of the MAU.
26 VLAN Support The virtual LAN (VLAN) concept creates a virtual switch within a physical switch or stack of switches. A VLAN consists of CRFs and has its own Bridge Relay Function attached. Frames are not forwarded across VLANs and ring numbers must be unique within a VLAN.
27 Management SNMP The switch can be managed via a SNMP manager. It supports ten Management Information Bases (MIBs). Six of the MIBs are standard MIBs, which are defined by RFCs and are included with most SNMP management applications. Four of the MIBs are proprietary and are provided on the disk that accompanies the switch. SNMP management is supported via IP.
28 Switch Manager for HP OpenView for Windows The Switch Manager is an application that runs under HP OpenView for Windows. It provides an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) that displays a chassis physical view and supports configuration, performance monitoring, and troubleshooting. This application is included with the switch. For information about Switch Manager on other platforms, please contact your local Olicom sales representative.
29 • The Statistics Group: — The Token-Ring MAC-Layer Statistics Table. — The Token-Ring Promiscuous Statistics Table. • The History Group: — The History Control Table. — The Token-Ring MAC-Layer History Table. — The Token-Ring Promiscuous History Table. The following groups defined in the RFC 1513 Token-Ring Extensions MIB are supported in the switch: • The Token-Ring Ring Station Group: — RingStationControl Table does not support sets, only gets. — Ring Station Table is not supported.
30 Stackable Architecture The CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 switch can be stacked using the CrossFire 8630 Stacker Link module, the CrossFire 8635 Internal Stacker module or the CrossFire 8300 Switch Stacker for connecting up to eight switches in a stack. Back-to-Back Two CrossFire 8600 series switches can be connected together by fitting each switch with the CrossFire 8630 Stacker Link module and connecting the switches together using an appropriate stacker link cable.
31 The CrossFire 8300 Switch Stacker also accommodates an optional switch matrix 8301, which includes a redundant power supply, ensuring the highest degree of resilience in the stack of switches. ➽ Caution: The redundant power supply unit CrossFire 8311 is not hot-swappable. Both the CrossFire 8311 unit and the switch must be off before connecting or disconnecting the DC power cable. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
32 Benefits of the CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 This section looks into the benefits that can be derived from the technical features of the switch. Token-Ring Port Operation Modes Each port can be independently configured to one of the following operating modes: Feature Function Benefit Half-duplex concentrator port Port behaves like an active MAU port for classical Token-Ring. Connects to a single station in half-duplex mode. Compatible with older adapters.
33 Feature Function Benefit Automatic port sensing of operating mode The port senses automatically which mode to operate in. Makes installation easier and faster. Automatic media speed detection (4 or 16 Mbps) Enables the switch to detect automatically the speed of individual ports. Makes installation easier and faster. Congestion control The size of each port’s output queue is monitored. In case of congestion the queue size is adjusted through frame priority adjustment and frame purging.
34 Three Switching Modes Feature Function Benefit Cut-Through Switches with minimum and constant latency, approximately 35 µs Lowest possible switch-latency, which means optimal response time for end-users. Store and Forward Each packet is forwarded only after the entire packet has been received by the switch. This is used for data transfer between LAN segments of different speeds or for LAN segments with a high error rate. Does not propagate errors to other segments.
35 Expansion Module Slots Feature Function Benefit Four-port RJ-45 UTP/STP Gives the switch an additional 4 or 8 Token-Ring UTP/ STP ports. Enables gradual expansion of switch capacity. Four-port fiber (ST) Gives the switch an additional 4 or 8 Token-Ring Fiber ports. Enables installation in existing fiber RI/RO connections and fiber cabling environments (up to 2 km). ATM155 uplink Gives the switch access to 1 or 2 ATM155 uplink connection(s) with LAN Emulation.
36 Multiple Bridging Modes Feature Function Benefit Transparent and Source Route Switching (SRS) Switching is based on Allows easy installation in MAC addresses only. environments with no need for Source Route Bridging. Learns MAC addresses and source routing route descriptors of Source Route Bridges attached to local switch ports. Source Route Bridging (SRB) The switch ports may be grouped into logical rings. The switch acts as a standard multiport Source Route Bridge between logical rings.
37 Spanning Tree Protocol Feature Function Benefit IEEE 802.1D Allows redundant network paths to be defined in both SRB and transparent switching configurations. No single point of failure. The duplicate STP modes allow operation in both transparent and source route bridging modes IBM When in SRB/SRT mode, a combination of IBM spanning tree and IEEE 802.1D is used. Same as above, and in addition ensures compatibility in IBM SRB installations. Table 12.
38 Management Feature Function Benefit SNMP Can be configured and managed using SNMP management station. Allows integration into any SNMP-based management environment. VLAN support Ensures the availability of a high number of switched, port based, VLANs for an enterprise network. Eases network-wide administration by enabling ports to be grouped together in a logical way. Provides performance and security control. Enables effective broadcast control.
39 Network Monitoring Feature Function Benefit RMON support Support for TokenRing specific remote monitoring. Enables collection and analysis of enhanced trafficmanagement data. Passive Port Monitoring All traffic flowing on the monitored port is copied to the monitoring port (the monitoring port is a true copy of the monitored port). Eases the management task by making it easy to collect Token-Ring statistics with a special passive network analyzer.
40 Filtering Feature Function Benefit MAC address Allows filtering based on frame source and destination MAC addresses. Preserves available network bandwidth by restricting traffic from propagating beyond the needed limits. Enables enhanced network security policies to be established. Logical Link Control (LLC): DSAP/SNAP Allows filtering based on LLC parameters DSAP (Destination Source Access Point) and SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol). Same as above. Table 15.
41 Connectivity Options Feature Function Benefit CrossLink highspeed inter-switch connection (up to 256 Mbps using eight ports) Allows CrossFire Token-Ring switches to be interconnected using 1-8 switch ports. Provides easy and scalable switch inter connection. Stackable: 3 possibilities: A. 2 switch stack B. 5 switch stack C. 8 switch stack Stack Products Needing: A. 2 x 8630 B. 1 x 8635 and 4 x 8630 C.
42 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
43 3. Preparing for Installation Before installing the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch, read this chapter carefully. The following topics are discussed in this chapter: • • • “Safety Recommendations”, starting on this page. “Site Requirements”, starting on page 46. “Unpacking and Inspecting” starting on page 48.
44 ➽ Warning: Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during periods of lightning activity. Read the installation instructions before you connect the system to its power source. To turn power off the switch, you must disconnect the power cord; there is no ON/OFF switch. Note that if the switch is connected to an external Redundant Power Supply Unit (RPSU), the power cord must be removed from both units. • Locate the emergency power-off switch for the room in which you are working.
45 Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage equipment and impair electrical circuitry. It occurs when electronic components are improperly handled and can result in complete or intermittent failures. Always follow ESD-prevention procedures when removing and replacing components. Ensure that the chassis is electrically connected to earth ground using an ESD mat or a ground wire. Wear an ESD-preventive wrist strap, ensuring that it makes good skin contact.
46 Site Requirements Following are the site requirements for installation. Environment Choose a clean, dust-free, (preferably) air-conditioned location. Avoid direct sunlight, heat sources, or areas with high levels of EMI (Electromagnetic Interference). Chassis Accessibility Make sure the front and back panel of the equipment is accessible so that you can monitor the LED indicators and access the control switches. Leaving enough clearance at the front and back will also allow easier cabling and service.
47 2b. The cord must be UL listed, CSA labelled, and consist of three conductors with a maximum of 15 feet in length. Type SVT or SJT cord sets shall be used for units which stand on a desk or table. Type SJT cord sets shall be used for units which stand on floor. 2c. The male plug for units operating at 115 VAC shall consist of a parallel blade, grounding type attachment plug rated 15 A, 125 VAC.
48 Unpacking and Inspecting Immediately after receiving the equipment, examine all shipping containers and contents for damage. If any damage has occurred, notify the shipping carrier. Unpack the unit by removing the packing material and lifting it from its protective enclosures. Visually examine the equipment and check the container for related parts and accessories.
49 Rules to Remember This section will help you understand the physical configuration restrictions for the switch. In brief, you must remember the following rules when planning to install the switch: • • 18,192 byte maximum physical frame length. • • Straight-through cables for all ports. • The spanning tree protocol will not function between different BRFs within one switch. For shared-media LAN segments, acceptable distances are defined by the hub or concentrator attached to the switch port.
50 Sample Applications for the CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 The CrossFire 8600 and/or the CrossFire 8605 switch allows you to make incremental changes in your network to address both immediate and long-range performance challenges. For example, a Token-Ring LAN of 80 stations including 4 servers might experience performance problems as a result of increased traffic. As it is currently structured, the LAN looks like the one in Figure 8.
51 Servers CrossFire 8600 MAU CrossFire OK STACK-LINK 1 RX INS TX RX INS TX TOKEN-RING SWITCH OC-8600 RX INS TX TX RX INS MAU OK ERR TX MANAGEMENT 1 RX ATTACH 2 3 ERR 4 1 ACT 2 ACT 3 ACT 4 ACT PWR DIAG ERR RST 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 Workstations MAU 19 Workstations 17 18 19 20 19 Workstations MAU 19 Workstations Figure 9.
52 Server Server 5 SRB SRB Server Server 4 6 SRB SRB SRB SRB SRB SRB 1 2 3 7 8 9 Figure 10. Typical Network without the CrossFire Switches In Figure 11, the congested campus backbone and the source-routing bridges (SRBs) attached to it have been replaced by an CrossFire 8600 or a CrossFire 8605. Figure 11. Relieving the Overstressed Backbone CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
53 The Next Step Typically, the first point of congestion in this newly configured network would be the servers. Because the usual mode of operation for a Token-Ring adapter is halfduplex, the servers can either send or receive information with one other segment attached to the switch. If the server adapters are replaced with full-duplex adapters, such as the Olicom OC-3118 or the Olicom OC-3137, and are attached as singlestation segments as shown in Figure 11, they can send and receive data simultaneously.
54 Important Management Considerations A star-wired topology (see Figure 13) helps determine problems in a network because no single cable carries all of the traffic on the network. However, serial connections could reduce network reliability since each connecting cable and switch could potentially divide the network should a failure occur.
55 4. Installation This chapter contains step-by-step instructions for installing, connecting and verifying that the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and/or CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch is operating properly. Required Network Preparation - Frame Length Limit The CrossFire 8600 and the CrossFire 8605 both support a maximum physical frame length of 18,192 bytes (from the Frame Control (FC) to the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) characters).
56 Installation Summary The installation sequence is listed in the steps below. 1. Plan for installation. Read Chapter 3, “Preparing for Installation”. 2. Unpack the switch. 3. Gather the materials. 4. If you will be installing expansion modules, install them now. 5. Mount the switch. 6. Connect the switch to the network. 7. Verify the operation of the switch. ➽ Note: Complete the following step only if you will be customizing the configuration of the switch or monitoring its activity. 8.
57 Unpacking Instructions There are no special safety precautions that need to be taken when unpacking the switch. Simply follow these steps: 1. Open the large carton. 2. Remove the switch from its protective packaging. 3. Visually inspect the switch to ensure that it was not damaged during shipment. 4. Check the contents of the carton.
58 Installing a Universal Expansion Module Follow these steps to install a Universal Expansion Module (UEM), if you have received one. 1. If you have not already done so, unplug or remove power from the switch. 2. Remove the UEM from its box. 3. Remove the plate covering the Universal Expansion Slot (UES) on the front of the switch by loosening the two thumbscrews holding it in place. See Figure 14. Use a screwdriver if the screws are too tight to be removed with your fingers.
59 Mounting the Chassis The switch can be mounted in a standard 19-inch rack or cabinet, or can be mounted on any flat surface such as a tabletop. The installation area should be near a power source and should have enough room around the front and back panels for cabling and access to controls. Use the following procedures for the installation of the switch. ➽ Warning: Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install or replace this equipment.
60 2. Position the switch, with the exposed mounting brackets, in the rack or cabinet and slide it up or down until the bracket holes line up with the rack holes. Attach the chassis brackets to the rack using the Allen screws you removed above and the nuts supplied with the switch. Close the cap again to conceal the screws. ➽ Note: Only fixed brackets are supplied with these units. If you want to install a sliding pullout mount, you will need to provide the extra mounting hardware. Figure 16.
61 Cabling This section provides instructions for connecting devices (such as hubs, servers, personal computers, and workstations) to the switch. Remember these tips when connecting cables: • • Avoid stretching or bending the cables excessively. • Avoid trip hazards by routing the cables away from aisles and other areas where people walk. If such routes cannot be avoided, use floor cable covers or similar material to secure and protect the cables.
62 device at the other end, a unique cable identification number, the MAC address of the connected device, and the number of the port to which the cable is attached. 5. To continue installing the switch, go to “Applying Power” on page 64. Figure 17. Connecting Devices to Token-Ring Ports Connecting Devices to the Token-Ring Ports Using Building Wiring If you will use building wiring (in-the-wall cables) to connect the device to the switch, perform the following steps: 1.
63 6. Label this cable. 7. If the switch is rack-mounted, dress the switch end of the cables through a cable management bracket, if one is present on your rack. 8. To continue installing the switch, continue with “Applying Power”. Figure 18. Connecting using Building Wiring Checking the Installation Before you apply power to the switch, inspect the installation thoroughly. Verify that all cables are installed correctly. Check cable routing, so a cable will not be damaged or create a safety hazard.
64 Applying Power The switch chassis does not have an on/off switch. Power is on when the unit is plugged into a power source. There are no user serviceable parts inside a switch. Any internal upgrades or service should be performed by Qualified Personnel only. ➽ Warning: Unplug the power cord before you work on a system that does not have an on/off switch. ➽ Warning: When installing the unit, the ground connection must always be made first and disconnected last.
65 4. Verify that the power LED is on. If not, make sure the outlet is working properly. If the outlet is working, but the power LED and the fans are not on, see Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting”. 5. When the switch powers on, observe the self-test diagnostic that the unit runs for approximately 1-2 minutes. The DIAG LED is on for the duration of the test, turning off when the self-test is complete. 6.
66 Control Panels The following tables list and describe the connectors, switches and status LEDs on the switch. Front Panel Table 17 and Table 18 list the front panel controls on the switch. Connectors and Push-Buttons Name Description Ports 1 to 20 CrossFire 8600: UTP/STP Token-Ring ports with RJ-45 jacks. — Ports 19 and 20 can attach to a MAU/CAU RI/RO port. CrossFire 8605: Fiber Token-Ring ports using VF-45 connectors. — All 20 fiber ports can attach to a MAU/CAU RI/RO port.
67 Status LEDs LED PWR State Meaning Off The switch is not connected to a power outlet, or the power supply is faulty. On The switch is receiving power. DIAG On The DIAG diagnostics LED is on during the power-on self-test. During download of a new software image, the DIAG LED blinks to indicate the clearing (slow blink) and reloading (faster blink) of FLASH memory. ERR On The ERR LED is off during normal operation. If the LED turns on, an error has occurred. Power the switch down and up again.
68 Back Panel Table 19 lists the back panel connectors on the switch. Name Description AC connection Standard AC power connection. Redundant power supply Connector for the optional redundant power supply unit. Table 19. Back Panel Switches and Connectors ❏ CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
69 5. Connecting a Network Management Console Console interfacing can be established by connecting to the MANAGEMENT serial port on the front panel of the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and/or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch.
70 Figure 20. View of Console Connection—the MANAGEMENT port The next step and table describe the settings to use for configuring a console in order to communicate with the switch. 3. Use these values to set the configuration parameters on your console for interfacing to the switch.
71 Specification Value Screen scroll On CR translation CR Backspace (BS) translation Destructive Break length (milliseconds) 350 Enquiry (ENQ) Off EGA/VGA true underline Off Terminal width 80 ANSI 7 or 8 bit commands 7 Microsoft Windows ™ terminal emulation Disable the Use Function, Arrow, and Ctrl Keys for Windows option located in the Terminal Preference menu Table 20. Console Configuration Settings 4.
72 If that does not work, and there is at least a garbled output on the screen, try pushing the unlabelled system request button on the switch. As soon as garbled characters appear, press the console’s RETURN key twice in rapid succession. (Again, try the other command keys as necessary). If there is still a problem, try the following steps: 1. Check all of the cable connections. 2. Check the baud rate at the console’s set up screen; if it is not set to 9600, try that setting. 3.
73 - Network memory test 32-bits........Passed. - Network memory test 16-bits........Passed. - Network memory test 8-bits........Passed. - Port register and memory test.....................Passed. - Single port loopback test.....................Passed. - All ports linked loopback test.....................Passed. - Port MAC test.....Passed. - Completed Power On Self Test Diagnostics. System Software Version 03.05, Copyright 1994-1998. System started on Tue.
74 At the top level screen, press the ENTER key (also called RETURN) to enter the main menu. The contents of the main menu, the submenus and screens are described in subsequent chapters. The information in these chapters includes configuring, monitoring, and viewing statistics on the switch. ➽ Note: If you have forgotten the password, follow the description in the Note on page 129. ❏ CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
75 6. Switch Configuration This chapter explains how to set up the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch and how to modify the configuration using a VT100 console attached to the switch directly or via a modem connection. The switch configuration can also be modified from a remote VT100 console via a telnet session.
76 General Guidelines To work within the console menus and screens, follow these guidelines: • To select an item on a screen or a menu, highlight it by using the arrow keys and then press ENTER. If you need to specify additional information for that item—for example, selecting Yes or No or supplying a value—a prompt appears on the screen. • • In most cases, new values are saved when you select Return. • • • Port refers to the number of a specific port on a switch.
77 Navigating within the Menus Use the arrow keys (also referred to as cursor keys) to highlight an item on the screen or menu. • Items that end with three dots, opens another screen or menu. Pressing the ENTER key on such an item will display the new screen or menu. • If the item on the screen is a command, such as Reset, pressing the ENTER key will execute the command. Unless specified differently, all the screens and menus are accessed in the same way.
78 Main Menu Configuration... Displays the Configuration menu, which enables you to view and set the switch configuration parameters. A detailed explanation of the configuration submenus is given on page 79. Statistics... Displays the Statistics menu for the switch. Explanations of screens in the Statistics menu are in Chapter 7, “Monitoring the Network with the Console” on page 145. Download/Upload...
79 Configuration Menu From the Configuration menu you can view and set the switch configuration parameters. The following section describes the Configuration menu and its submenus. The following menu is displayed when Configuration is selected from the main menu. The following is a list of items in the Configuration menu. Detailed descriptions and of the submenus and screens these items open follow this list. Switch Configuration... Displays the Switch Configuration screen. See page 81.
80 Spanning Tree... Displays fields for configuring the spanning tree protocol. See page 97. Port Configuration... Displays a screen for changing port configuration. See page 105. Switched Port Analyzer... Displays the screen for selecting a port to monitor. See page 193. CrossLink... Displays options for creating a CrossLink connection. See page 109. Filters and Port Security... Menu for configuring address and protocol filtering. See page 115. Address Aging...
81 Switch Configuration Screen Use the Switch Configuration screen to view system information and to view or change the system name, location, contact, and time of day. To add or change the system name, location, contact or time of day, use the arrow keys to highlight the field and press the ENTER key. A prompt appears near the bottom of the screen for entering text for that field. Pressing ENTER again enters that text. The following explains the fields in the Switch Configuration screen.
82 assigned Universal Administrated Address UAA) or configured (the Local Administrated Address LAA). To configure a LAA address, use the Switch Configuration screen from a console session or an SNMP based management tool. Note that a restart is necessary when changing the base MAC address. The greeting screen on the console will always show the current active Switch base Address. The switch reserves 31 addresses for ports.
83 numbers in 8300/8635 stack configurations. There is no simple rule to find the MAC address of other TrBRF, but it is always in the range below: Stack Master Base Address + 32 < TrBRF MAC Address < Stack Master Base Address + 95. And a TrBRF (VLAN) MAC address is assigned, when the VLAN becomes preferred (i.e. it has an assigned port in the actual switch or stack of switches) by selecting the lowest available MAC address above Stack Master Base Address + 32.
84 Time of Day An internal clock is used to calculate total time of operation and time of day. To adjust the time, select this item, press ENTER, then enter the month, day, hour, or minute. ➽ Note: If you cannot set the Time of Day, the lithium battery may need replacing. If this is the case, contact your local reseller. Stack Configuration Screen To view additional switch information, select Stack Configuration on the Switch Configuration screen. The Stack Configuration screen is displayed.
85 Remote Box Number(s) Number of switches (in addition to this one) in the stack. Information in this field cannot be changed. Stack Time-out If a switch goes off line, the length of time (in seconds) during which the stack tries to reestablish communication with the switch. The default is 16 seconds. Stack State Whether the CrossFire Switch Stacker is operational (CrossFire 8630 or CrossFire 8635). Information in this field cannot be changed.
86 Status Whether the module is up, down, or the slot is empty. Model Type of module. The CrossFire switch is listed for the base switch. For this module as well as for others, this field displays the product number. Board ID Identifier of the board in decimal. HW Rev Hardware revision level. FW Rev Firmware revision level. On modules with Token-Ring ports, this is the MAC mode revision level. Ports Number of ports on the module.
87 VLAN Configuration The Virtual LAN feature can be used to partition a switch or a stack of switches into several Virtual LANs, each containing its own set of ports (the terms Virtual LAN and domain are interchangeable). Packets are forwarded only between ports belonging to the same. The benefit of Virtual LAN is to restrict access from one segment to another, either for security purposes or to reduce intersegment traffic. Figure 21 illustrates a switch with four VLANs.
88 • Address filters. Domains have no effect on address filters. For example, suppose you create two domains: one containing ports 1–8 and the other ports 9–16. If you add an address filter to ports 7, 8, 9, and 10, the filter will work properly even though it applies to ports in other domains. • CrossLink. All ports in a single CrossLink must belong to the same CRF. Therefore, the console software prevents you from defining a CrossLink connection that includes ports in different CRFs.
89 VLAN Configuration Screen Use the VLAN Configuration screen to define BRFs and CRFs for the switch. The VLAN Configuration screen is shown below. TrBRF/TrCRF ASCII name associated with the BRF or CRF. For a CRF it is synonymous with the ELAN name on ATM LANE ports. ID Numeric ID. Brdg/Rng Bridge/Ring numbers. Ports Port numbers. Return Returns to the previous menu. More Scrolls or refreshes the display. View... Zooms in a VLAN. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
90 Add... Prompts for a new ID and brings up the VLAN Parameter Configuration screen. Change... Prompts for a numeric ID of a BRF or CRF to change and brings up the VLAN Parameter Configuration screen. Delete Lets you delete a BRF or CRF. You cannot delete a BRF if there are CRFs assigned to it, or a CRF if there are ports assigned to it. Sort Sorts VLANs by Parent-Child relationship, or by VLAN-ID.
91 VLAN Name ASCII name associated with the CRF. Up to 32 characters are allowed. Parent VLAN Parent to which the CRF belongs. State Current state of the CRF. Possible values are Operational and Suspended. CRFs in operational state are functional. CRFs in suspended state do not pass packets. The default is operational. Ring Number Logical ring number assigned to this CRF. Possible hexadecimal values are auto and OX001 through OXFFF. The default is auto, meaning that the ring number will be learned.
92 VLAN Parameter Configuration for TrBRF Screen Use the VLAN Parameter Configuration for TrBRF screen to add or change a BRF. Note that the trbrf-default cannot be deleted. Also, the trbrf-default cannot be assigned new BRFs. The BRF screen is shown below. The following information is displayed on this screen: VLAN ID Numeric ID of the BRF. Possible values are 1 through 1005. Values 1002 through 1005 and 1 are reserved for the default BRFs and CRFs. VLAN Name ASCII name associated with the BRF.
93 These values correspond to maximum frame size values of 1,548, 4,546 (default), 9,236, and 18,192 respectively. The actual value used depends on the value configured for the ports (the smaller value is used). Bridge Number Source-routing bridge number for this BRF. Possible hexadecimal values are 0 through F. The default is F. Local VLAN Port Configuration Screen The Local VLAN Port Configuration screen is used to view and edit current port assignments to CRFs. Port The port number.
94 IP Configuration Screen To view or change IP information associated with a BRF, such as the IP address, subnet mask, or IP state, or to send PINGs, select IP Configuration... from the Configuration menu and select the TrBRF. The IP Configuration screen is displayed. Interface MAC Address Displays the MAC address assigned to this BRF. IP Address Displays the current IP address of the selected TrBRF. To change it, highlight the field and press ENTER. Default: 192.0.2.
95 IP State Display the following choices by highlighting IP State and pressing ENTER: • • • IP Disabled BootP When Needed BootP Always Then highlight one of these choices and press ENTER. The meaning of these values are as described below: • ➽ IP Disabled—When a VLAN is IP-disabled, it will not process any IP or ARP packets it receives. This means that no IP-SNMP, Ping, Telnet, or ARP Packets will be responded to when received.
96 BootP Requests and Parameters When using BootP to determine its IP address, the switch repeats BootP requests at regular intervals, beginning at one second each and eventually decreasing to every five minutes over time until it receives a valid reply.
97 SNMP Configuration Menu The next menu item in the Configuration menu is SNMP Configuration... This item opens a menu that is explained in Chapter 8, “Monitoring the Network with SNMP”. The next section describes the STP and the STP menus that you can access from the Configuration menu. Spanning Tree Protocol The spanning tree protocol (STP) is a bridge-to-bridge link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops.
98 IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) When the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is active, a port within that domain will require several seconds to make the transition from the blocking state to the forwarding state, when the port is initially activated (e.g. joins an existing ring or activates a dedicated link.) Some client or server applications may attempt to establish session activity during this time, resulting in error messages indicating a connection failure.
99 Spanning Tree for TrBRF Screen When you select Spanning Tree from the Configuration menu, a list containing available TrBRF VLANs appears. Choose a TrBRF to view or edit from the list before continuing. When you have selected a TrBRF, TrCRFs and ports associated with the BRF may be selected for modification. STP Participation Whether this TrBRF participates in the spanning tree protocol and, if so, the protocol to be used. Possible values are No, IEEE, IBM, and Base on Bridging Mode. The default is No.
100 IEEE STP Uses Bridge Functional Address • Yes: Sets IEEE Spanning Tree to use the Bridge Functional Address. • No: Sets IEEE Spanning Tree to use the standard IEEE STP Address. Bridge Priority Enter a priority value for this switch. The bridge with the lowest priority value in an STP becomes the root. (To change individual port priorities, enter the Port Spanning Tree Parameters screen.
101 Spanning Tree for TrCRF Screen When you select the TrCRF & Port Spanning Tree Parameters... item on the Spanning Tree for TrBRF screen, you are presented with a screen showing the TrCRFs that have the currently selected TrBRF as parent. When you select a TrCRF from the list, the screen shown below is displayed. STP Mode (TrBRF to TrCRF) Determines the mode of the internal port from this TrCRF to its TrBRF. Possible values are auto, forwarding, blocked.
102 STP Participation (TrCRF to ports) Whether this TrCRF participates in the spanning tree protocol and, if so, the protocol to be used. Possible values are No, IEEE and Cisco. The default is No. The recommended protocol is IEEE, but if the TrCRF contains more than one port and the port(s) are connected to SRT bridges running the IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol (using the IEEE group address), then the Cisco protocol should be used.
103 The lower range limit that appears when you select this parameter reflects the value currently selected for Switch Maximum Age. Port Spanning Tree Parameters... Selecting this item brings up the Port Spanning Tree Parameters screen. Port Spanning Tree Parameters Screen Use the Port Spanning Tree Parameters screen to set up STP priorities for each port. Port The number of the port. Priority Priority associated with the port.
104 STP Mode The port’s spanning tree mode. Possible values are forwarding, blocked, and auto. If the TrCRF to which the port belongs is participating in the spanning tree protocol, then auto is the default and the selected protocol will be used to determine whether the port is forwarding or blocked. If the TrCRF to which the port belongs is not participating in the spanning tree protocol, then forwarding is the default. More To view more ports in the table. Change To change or add values to specific ports.
105 Port Configuration Screen When you select Port Configuration from the Configuration menu, you will be prompted for a port number. When you have entered the port number, the Port Configuration screen will be displayed. ➽ Note: When auto is selected for fields that support the auto option, the current operational field value shown will be prefixed with A-. Name This field is for assigning a name to the Token-Ring port.
106 Status This field is for informational purposes only, and shows if the port is currently inserted into the ring. Media Type This field is for informational purposes only, and shows the media type of the port. Possible values are RJ-45, ST Fiber, and VF-45. Media Speed The Token-Ring media speed. Possibilities are 4 or 16 Mbps or Auto. When a switch port configured with Auto discovers a connection to shared media, it will open and insert into the ring.
107 Operation Mode The port operation mode. Possible values are as follows: • • • • • • Auto (default. Only HDX and FDX modes can be automatically detected.) • Passive (this value is not user-selectable, and will be displayed if the port has been selected as a passive monitoring port on the Switched Port Analyzer screen).
108 Min Transmit Priority The minimum Token-Ring frame priority that will be used for transmits. Possible values are 0–6. The default value is 4. Error High Threshold This field is only valid when Forwarding Mode is set to auto, and is used to force a port to store & forward mode when the percentage of errors detected in the Sampling Interval is more than the error high threshold. Possible values are 0–100 percent. The default value is 10 percent.
109 Switched Port Analyzer Menu The Switched Port Analyzer screen is accessed from the Configuration menu. This screen and its submenus are presented in Chapter 9, “Monitoring Port Traffic”. CrossLink A CrossLink connection is used to improve interswitch bandwidth. A CrossLink is used to connect two switches from the CrossFire 8600 series with two to eight links. A CrossLink provides bandwidth of from 32 to 128 Mbps in half-duplex mode, or from 64 to 256 Mbps in full-duplex mode.
110 The lowest numbered port of the CrossLink is called the primary port. CrossLink software learns addresses differently than regular ports, as follows: • New source address. When a packet arrives at a CrossLink port with an unknown source address, the system module creates an entry in the master table and the port table for the CrossLink. The system module assigns the primary port in the CrossLink as the location of the address.
111 CrossLink Menu Use the CrossLink menu to access the CrossLink Configuration and Information screens. The CrossLink menu is accessed from the Configuration menu. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
112 CrossLink Configuration Screen Use the CrossLink Configuration screen to add, delete, and change CrossLinks. A description of creating a CrossLink connection follows. CrossLink List of different CrossLink setups (1 to 8). Ports The ports within that specific CrossLink. Add Entry Prompts you to enter port numbers for each CrossLink. Enter at least two ports, but no more than eight ports, from lowest number to highest, separated by spaces. All ports must belong to the same TrCRF.
113 Setting up a CrossLink To add a CrossLink between two CrossFire 8600 series switches, determine which ports to use for the CrossLink. Use at least 2 ports. The switch treats the port with the lowest number as the primary port. For example, if a CrossLink consists of ports 8, 11, and 13, the primary port is 8. Broadcast, multicast, and unknown destination packets are forwarded to the primary port in a CrossLink. The primary ports of both CrossLinks must be connected to each other.
114 Current CrossLink Information Screen Use the Current CrossLink Information screen from the CrossLink menu to display the status of the CrossLink. CrossLink The number of the CrossLink referring to the information displayed on the present screen. State Whether the specified CrossLink is active or not. Ports What ports are in that CrossLink. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
115 Address Filtering The Address Filtering feature enables you to restrict certain users from communicating with other users. To do this, you can specify source and destination MAC-layer Token-Ring addresses to be filtered at the source port. Token-Ring addresses can be unicast, multicast, or broadcast. The advantage of address filtering is increased access control and network segmentation.
116 ➽ Note: To restrict access from one segment to an entire segment—not just an address—see the “VLAN Configuration” section in this chapter. The following address filtering menus are used to set up address filtering. Additional information on address filtering is provided as the following filtering menus are presented. Filters and Port Security Menu Use the Filter & Port Security menu to access the filtering menus. This menu is accessed from the Configuration menu. Configure Filters...
117 Configure Filters Screen This screen is accessed from the Filters and Port Security menu. When the Add Entry item is selected, a list is displayed of the available filter functions with a selectable highlight. After a choice is made, the console prompts you for the necessary parameters. The Configure Filters screen is displayed below: Index The number index. MAC Address MAC address contained in packets to be filtered. See a detailed description of MAC addresses on page 81.
118 • Allow any packet with Source Address—Allow Src — If a packet is received from a specific address it is allowed to go to the specified port(s). This feature is used in conjunction with port security. • Allow any packet with Destination Address—Allow Dest — If a packet is sent to a specific address, it is allowed to go to the specified port(s). This feature is used in conjunction with port security.
119 Configure Port Security Mode Screen This function disables address learning of source and/or destination addresses at specified ports on a switch. Port security totally blocks (secures) these addresses. Port security mode is used in conjunction with port filtering. Configure a port security mode on a port and then use “allow” filters to selectively control traffic through that port.
120 View Port Filters Screen This screen is accessed from the Filters and Port Security menu. The following screen displays an example of a port using the MAC address filters and port security. Index Numerical order of entries. MAC Address The specific MAC address the filter is applied to. See a detailed description of MAC Addresses on page 81.
121 More Displays additional entries in the filter table if the table contains multiple pages. Port (number) Security Mode The type of security mode applied to this port. Protocol Filters Menu This menu is accessed from the Filters and Port Security menu. To filter data based on protocol, you can define protocol classes and then assign filtering attributes to these classes on a per port basis. The classes in protocol filtering are based on destination service access point (DSAP) information.
122 Protocol Class Assignment Screen The Protocol Class Assignment screen shows the 15 protocol classes that may be defined by the user. Note that Class 0 is the default class and will contain all DSAPs and Ethertypes not assigned to any other class. You modify a class by highlighting the class and pressing ENTER. You will then be prompted for the field to modify: Name, Ethertype or DSAPs. When all classes have been defined as desired, select Return to save the values and exit the screen.
123 Port Filtering Attributes Screen Before entering the Port Filtering Attributes screen, you will be prompted for a port to modify. Class For the selected port, use the Class column to select a class to modify. Block The Block column may have the following values: • • • • All—Block all frames in this protocol class. SR— Block all source-routed frames in this protocol class. NSR— Block all non-source-routed frames in this protocol class. None— Allow all frames in this protocol class (default value).
124 Ethertype Information column showing the Ethertype defined for this class. DSAPs Informational column showing the DSAPs currently in this class. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
125 Address Aging You can set the per-port aging value using the Address Aging menu. The following describes the types of address aging.
126 Address Aging Menu The Address Aging menu is accessed by selecting the Address Aging item in the Configuration menu. The following describes the submenus for the Address Aging menu. Port Address Table Aging... Highlighting this selection and pressing ENTER will display the Port Address Table Aging screen. Use this screen is to set each port on the switch to the aging time, in minutes, and to the demand aging level percentage you want. Master Address Table Aging...
127 Port Address Table Aging Screen The following is an explanation of the information in the Port Address Table Aging screen. Port The port to which you want to assign an aging time. Aging Time (min.) A valid port aging time associated with the port. Addresses will be discarded after reaching the set time limit. The default setting for this parameter is 5 minutes. The maximum time for this value is 9999 minutes. 0 indicates that address aging is disabled.
128 Master Address Table Aging Screen Master Address Table Aging is the aging value of a set time, in minutes, and a set percentage level after which unused addresses are removed from its table. ➽ Note: If a port address table does not hold enough space for all the needed addresses, some addresses may be present in the master address table but not in any port tables. Such addresses will be removed from the master address table after the master aging time.
129 Password Menu This menu is accessed from the Configuration menu. Use the Password menu to add, change, or delete a password. If you establish a password, users must enter it to access the console menus. If there is no password, just press ENTER at the password prompt. Set Password Establishes or changes the password. Delete Password Deletes the password. The system prompts you to enter the present password before it allows you to change or delete the password.
130 Console/Telnet Sessions The following section describes how to establish a console or Telnet session. Console Configuration Menu This menu lists items for configuring console and Telnet sessions. The Serial Link Configuration (console) and Telnet Configuration items are selected by highlighting and pressing ENTER. Serial Link Configuration... An example of this screen and an explanation of its contents follows below. Telnet Configuration...
131 Serial Link Configuration Screen Use the Serial Link Configuration screen to configure a switch when using a modem to create a console session. Hardware Flow Control Enables or disables RTS/CTS handshaking. Default: Disabled Software Flow Control Enables the XON and XOFF characters, which are 11 and 13 hexadecimal, respectively. Default: Disabled Autobaud Upon Break Indicates whether the baud rate is reset when a Break key sequence (pressing ENTER rapidly for five seconds) is sent or received.
132 Creating a Console Session Using a Modem Use the Serial Link Configuration menu to configure the switch in order to communicate with a console via a modem. Set your modem according to the table below. Setting Value Echo Off Result codes Off Wait for connection 45 seconds Pause between calls 6 seconds Drop DTR between calls Yes Send CR between calls Yes Auto baud detect On Send init if CD high Yes Maximum dial attempts 999 Table 21.
133 Telnet Configuration Screen The following screen describes Telnet configurations. Return to Previous Menu Returns to the Console Configuration menu. Number of Telnet Sessions Allowed Limits the number of Telnet sessions. Numbers allowed are from 1 to 5. Highlight this selection, press ENTER, and enter the number. Default is 5. Disallow New Telnet Session Choose Yes or No to allow or disallow a new Telnet session.
134 Telnet Sessions... This item opens the Telnet Sessions screen that displays the status of Remote and Local Telnet sessions. ➽ Note: You cannot select Number of Telnet Sessions Allowed, Disallow New Telnet Sessions, or Terminate All Active Telnet Sessions if you are accessing the configuration program via Telnet. Telnet Sessions Screen The Telnet Sessions screen is shown below. Index Numerical order of entries. Box The box number ID of the switch in a stack.
135 Starting the Telnet Session Observe the following when starting a Telnet session to the switch: • In the IP Information screen, the IP State must be set to BootP When Needed or BootP Always for the IP stack and Telnet to work. • • The Telnet must be pre-configured to have a VT100/VT220 compatible setup. • There may be conflicts between Telnet sessions. If one Telnet session is disrupted by the user at the console, the Telnet session’s configuration may not have been completed.
136 ➽ Note: If you are in a Telnet session and change the IP parameters either in the IP Information Session screen or Virtual LAN IP Configuration screen, and save the changes using the Exit command from the screen, you will lose the connection to your Telnet session, even if the IP parameters you change are in another VLAN. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
137 Download/Upload Menu As enhancements are made to the switch, you may need to update the software, or microcode, that is contained in the switch. This chapter describes how to upgrade the switch flash memory. ➽ Caution: After downloading the new software, you must reset the switch. The switch is not operational while it is resetting. Before starting this procedure, make sure the network will not be effected. The Download/Upload menu is accessed from the main menu.
138 Serial Link Download Screen Serial Link download is for downloading via the Out-of-Band management port. The Serial Link Download screen is shown below. Proceed as described below to update the switch software: 1. Use a terminal emulation program, which supports the X-modem protocol. 2. Insert the upgrade disk in your terminal emulator drive. 3. If you have not already done so, start a console session. 4. Select Download/Upload on the main menu. 5. Select Serial Link Download. 6.
139 TFTP TFTP is not invoked automatically on the switch as it is on certain other network devices, such as a diskless workstation. This is because there should normally be a functional software image in flash memory and, therefore, TFTP is not a standard part of the switch bootup procedure (under normal circumstances). TFTP is intended for use during software upgrades and, once a new image is installed, there should be no need for TFTP until the next software upgrade is installed.
140 Main Image Download...,, Configuration Files Download..., Configuration Files Upload... Select the required function and input the path and filename of the file the switch attempts to download or upload, as it is to be received and interpreted by the TFTP server. (The security mode in use on the TFTP server may affect this function.
141 Remember: • Do not configure multiple TFTP servers to download code updates using TFTP to a single switch (or to multiple domains). • If the network broadcast traffic is 200 packets per second or more, the TFTP request might not be initiated by the switch. You must reset the switch and download a new image using the serial port download (refer to the section "Serial Link Download Screen" on page 138). CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
142 Reset Screen The Reset screen is accessed from the main menu. The Reset screen, as shown below, displays the reset options available with the switch. Number of Resets Since Diagnostics Number of times the switch has been reset since the switch was powered on or ran power-on diagnostics. This is an informational heading; the data cannot be changed. This number is not reset to 0 when nonvolatile RAM is cleared.
143 Reset Port Address Table Selecting this command clears all address table entries for a specified port (user is queried for which port to reset), sets port traffic counters to zero, and sets Time Since Last Reset for this port to zero. Clear Non-Volatile RAM Selecting this command will erase all user-configured parameters (rate, IP address information, CrossLink, Virtual Token-Ring Switch, STP) and reset the switch. ➽ Note: Clearing NVRAM (non-volatile RAM) erases all configuration parameters.
144 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
145 7. Monitoring the Network with the Console This chapter explains how to monitor the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch through a directly connected VT100 console or through a VT100 telnet session. To use SNMP (in-band, through the network management), see Chapter 8, “Monitoring the Network with SNMP”.
146 Navigating Within the Menus Unless specified differently, all the screens or menus are accessed in the following way; use the ARROW keys (also referred to as cursor keys) to highlight the available selections, and then press the ENTER key: • • A new screen of information is presented if the item has three dots after it. A function is performed if the item is a command, such as a Reset. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
147 Statistics Menu The following describes the Statistics menu and its submenus. The following list contains brief explanations of the menus for the Statistics screen. More information on each of these menus, their screens, and submenus follows this list. Switch Statistics... Displays information about switch utilization (page 148). Port Status... Displays information about port status (page 150). Port Statistics... Displays information about a particular port (page 152). Address Tables...
148 Diagnostic Test Results... Displays a screen showing results of Diagnostic tests and errors (page 180). Message Log Information... Displays any messages recorded by the system (page 181). Display Summary... Dumps the most important switch configuration parameters to the console in a summary form, which is suitable for capturing into an ASCII file. This file will often be requested by the Olicom technical support personnel in case of troubleshooting (page 182).
149 Board Temperature Indicates whether the switch is operating at normal or unacceptably high (over 50°C (122°F)) temperatures. The actual board temperature is also shown. Frames Transmitted Number of frames transmitted by the CPU of the switch. Frame Transmit Errors Number of errors recorded (by the CPU) when attempting to transmit frames. Frames Received Number of frames received (by the CPU). Error Frames Received Number of frames received (by the CPU) that were corrupted or have CRC errors.
150 Port Status Screen The Port Status screen provides a summary of the status of all Token-Ring ports. Port The port number. TrCRF The name of the TrCRF to which the port is assigned. TrBRF The name of the TrBRF to which the port is assigned. Enabled Displays the current enabled status of the port. Possible values are Yes and No. Ins Indicates if the port is currently inserted into the ring. Possible values are Yes and No. Spd The Token-Ring media speed. Possible values are 4 and 16.
151 Oper Mode The port operation mode. Possible values are: • HDX port—Half-duplex mode in which only a dedicated connection to a station is supported. The Tx/Rx pinouts are the same as a concentrator’s. • HDX station—Half-duplex mode in which the port operates like a station. The connection may be dedicated or shared. The Tx/Rx pinouts are the same as an adapter’s. • FDX port—Full-duplex mode in which only a dedicated connection to a station is supported.
152 Port Statistics Menu The Port Statistics menu provides access to statistical information for any particular port. To enter the menu, you must first enter a port number. General Statistics... Displays general statistics for the selected port (page 153). 802.5 Statistics... Displays 802.5 statistics for the selected port (page 156). 802.5 State Information... Displays 802.5 state information for the selected port (page 159). 802.5 DTR MAC Information... Displays 802.
153 General Statistics Screen Use the General Statistics screen to view detailed information about a particular port. Frames Forwarded Number of frames forwarded by the port, excluding those delivered to the host CPU system software for processing, or to a monitoring port. NSR Frames Forwarded Number of Non Source Routed frames forwarded by the port. SRF Frames Forwarded Number of Source Routed frames forwarded by the port.
154 Frames Processed Number of frames received on this port and delivered to the host CPU system software for processing. Frames Unknown Frames processed by the host CPU system software that contained an unknown source or destination address. Frames Transmitted Total number of frames transmitted by this port. Frames Received Total number of frames received on this port . Broadcast Frames Received Number of broadcast frames received on this port without errors.
155 Receive Buffer Overflows Total number of frames received on this port which caused a buffer overflow. Transmit Buffer Overflows Total number of frames which could not be transmitted from this port because of transmit buffer overflow. Long Frames Total number of frames received on this port which exceeded the maximum frame length. Short Frames Total number of frames received on this port which were less that 18 bytes.
156 • • • • • Lobe Test - Lobe test failure. HDX in FDX - HDX MAC frame received in FDX mode. Heart Beat - Heart beat failure. FDX New Sta - FDX new station. Auto - Disable reason. Last Reset Time since last reset of port statistics. 802.5 Statistics Screen This screen provides IEEE 802.5 statistics.
157 AC Errors Number of times a station received an Active Monitor Present (AMP) frame or a Standby Monitor Present (SMP) frame in which both the address recognized (A) bit and the frame copied (C) bit are set to 0, indicating that no station has recognized the destination address and copied the frame, and then receives another SMP frame in which both the address recognized bit and the frame copied bit are set to 0 without first receiving an AMP frame.
158 Hard Errors The number of times this port has detected an immediately recoverable fatal error. It denotes the number of times this port is either transmitting or receiving beacon MAC frames. Signal Loss The number of times this port has detected the loss of signal condition from the ring. Transmit Beacons The number of times this port has transmitted a beacon frame. Recoveries The number of Claim Token MAC frames received or transmitted after the port has received a Ring Purge MAC frame.
159 802.5 State Information Screen This screen provides IEEE 802.5 state information. Ring Status The current port status on the ring. This could be used to diagnose fluctuating problems that can occur on token rings, after a station has successfully been added to the ring. This field has the general format “0x##### - text string” where ##### is a hexadecimal error code value, and ‘textstring’ can be No Status, OK, or a short text string indicating an error.
160 Ring Speed Next Open Indicates the ring speed that will be attempted at the next open. Possible values are: Unknown, 4 Mbps, 16 Mbps. Unknown can indicate that the port will attempt to auto insert into the ring. Upstream Neighbor The MAC address of the upstream neighbor station in the ring. Active Monitor Participate If this field has a value of Enabled, then this port will participate in the active monitor selection process. If the value is Disabled then it will not.
161 Station-CPort Information... Displays the Station-CPort Information screen. TXI Information Screen The TXI Information screen provides information about IEEE 802.5 DTR MAC TXI. Authorized Function Classes Functional classes that a node is enabled to transmit. This field displays the value set by the Authorized Function Classes subvector X'06' of the Change Parameters MAC frame. Valid range is from 0x0000 to 0xFFFF. Each bit that is enabled('1') corresponds to a function class that is enabled.
162 Join State This field displays the present state of the Join FSM. Possible values are Not Specified, Bypass, Registration, Lobe Test, Dup Addr Check, Dup Addr Det, Join Complete and Await Notify. Monitor State This field displays the present state of the Monitor FSM. Possible values are Not Specified, Operational, Transmit Beacon, Wire Fault Delay, and Int Test Wait. Beacon Source Address This field displays the source address used in the last Beacon MAC frame transmitted or received.
163 Station-CPort Information Screen The Station-CPort Information screen is shown below. Station Requested Access Protocol Protocol requested for station access. This field displays the value of the Access Protocol Request subvector X'0E' transmitted in the Registration Request MAC frame. Possible values are TXI and TKP. Station Access Protocol Response Response to protocol request.
164 CPort Phantom Drive Mask This field displays the value of the C-Port policy variable PPV(PD_MASK). It represents the Phantom Drive and Wire Fault detection methods supported by the C-Port. Possible values are RI-RO and Not RI-RO. Common Access Protocol Mask This field displays which access protocols can be supported by the PMAC. It displays the value of the PPV(AP_MASK). Possible values for this field are TKP, TXI and TKP+TXI.
165 Address Tables Menu Use the Address Tables menu to select which address table statistics you want to view. The following list contains brief explanations of the menus for the Address Tables menu. More information on each of these menus, their screens, and submenus follows this list. Master Address Table... Displays a table of station addresses from all ports known to the switch (page 166). Master Route Descriptor Table...
166 Master Address Table Screen The Master Address Table screen contains MAC addresses of all the ports known to the switch. The table can contain up to 10,000 entries memory. See a detailed description of MAC Adresses onpage 81. Address MAC address of a node. Type The Type column of the Master Address Table screen can contain the following types: • • • Switch Base Address — The burned-in or configured MAC Address of the switch box. — Present on all ports.
167 — A known address on Port nn — Port type = TR: The address is known at the specified token-ring port. — The address will be present at port nn — Port type = STK: The address is known at a port of another switch in the stack. If the address has occurred as a destination address in incoming frames at other ports, it will be present in these ports too.
168 Ports The ports whose address tables include this MAC address; filtered ports are highlighted. More Refreshes a one-page table or displays subsequent entries on a larger table. Search Prompts you to enter the MAC address of a node and the ports whose address tables you want to search, then displays the ports whose address tables contain the MAC address. Master Route Descriptor Table Screen The Master Route Descriptor Table lists the learned route descriptors in the switch master table.
169 Type The Type column of the Master Route Descriptor Table can contain the following types: • Known- Port : — A known route descriptor (bridge) on Port nn. — Port type = TR: The route descriptor is known at the specified tokenring port. — The route descriptor will be present at port nn. — Port type = STK: The route descriptor is known at a port of another switch in the stack.
170 VLAN Address Table screen To view the entries in the address table for each CRF, select VLAN Address Table on the Address Tables screen and select the desired TrCRF. The VLAN Address Table screen is displayed below. The entries are listed in the order in which they were encountered. For a description of the fields and their meanings, see the section “Master Address Table Screen” above. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
171 VLAN Route Descriptor Table Screen To view the entries in the route descriptor table for each VLAN, select VLAN Route Descriptor Tables on the Address Table menu and specify the desired TrCRF. The VLAN Route Descriptor Table screen is displayed below. For a description of the fields and their meaning, see the section “Master Route Descriptor Table Screen” above. CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
172 Current Spanning Tree Information Screen Use the Current Spanning Tree Information screens to view a summary of all STP information for each port. Information on this screen cannot be changed. When the STP is turned off—that is, you have selected No for the Participate in Spanning Tree prompt (at the Configuration menus)—this menu will only display the headers with no information below them. When the switch is configured with CrossLink channels, STP packets use the primary port of the CrossLink.
173 Max Message Age Time at which the configuration message used by the spanning-tree algorithm should be discarded. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning-tree network. Forward Delay Time the root waits between transitions from listening to learning, and from learning to forwarding. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning-tree network.
174 DCst Cost for a packet to travel from this CRF to the root in the current spanning-tree configuration. The slower the media, the higher the cost. Dsg SwId/BrId Priority and MAC address of the device through which this port has determined it must communicate with the root of the spanning tree. Dsg PId Port on the designated bridge through which this switch will communicate with the root of the spanning tree.
175 Current Spanning Tree Information for a TrCRF Screen To display the spanning tree parameters for a TrCRF that belongs to the currently displayed TrBRF, select CRF-Spanning-Tree on the Current Spanning Tree Information screen for a TrBRF and specify the desired TrCRF. The following information is displayed on this screen: Bridge ID Priority and MAC address of this bridge. Root ID Priority and MAC address of the root bridge. Root Port Number of the port on this switch that is closest to the root.
176 Max Message Age Time at which the configuration message used by the spanning tree algorithm should be discarded. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning tree network. Forward Delay Time the root waits between transitions from listening to learning, and from learning to forwarding. This time is advertised by the root and used by all devices and switches in the active topology of the spanning tree network. Port Port number.
177 • When the switch is booted, all ports are blocked initially, and then some of them change to a different state: listening, learning, and forwarding, in that order. To see the change in states you must repeatedly exit from this menu, and then select it again.
178 VLAN Statistics If you select VLAN Statistics, you will be prompted for a VLAN type. On selection of the VLAN type, a screen will be displayed listing available VLANs and prompting for a selection. Following your selection, the TrCRF or TrBRF VLAN Statistics screen will be displayed. VLAN Statistics Screen for TrCRF The TrCRF VLAN Statistics screen is shown below. Parent VLAN The parent TrBRF.
179 VLAN Statistics Screen for TrBRF The TrBRF VLAN Statistics screen is shown below. Currently Active Stations Number of MAC addresses currently in the master address table that are recognized as ports belonging to this domain. Largest Number of Stations Largest number of MAC addresses in the master address table—since the last reset or power cycle—that are recognized by ports belonging to this domain. Display Members...
180 Diagnostic Test Results Screen The Diagnostic Test Results screen is a list showing whether errors or a specific diagnostic test has failed at a specified box (switch). This display is selected by highlighting the Diagnostic Test Result item at the main Statistics menu and pressing ENTER. At the prompt, enter the box number you want to view. The data that is shown on this screen is for monitoring information only, and is meant for network personnel experienced with this type of information.
181 Message Log Information Screen To view the message log, select Message Log on the Statistics menu. The Message Log Information screen is displayed. The data on this screen is useful to technical experts in solving complex problems. Log Index number identifying the log file. Type Message type. Possible values are: • • W—Warning I—Informational Message Content The full text of the message. More Shows the next screen. Back Shows the previous screen (if any). Start/End Move to the first or last page.
182 Clear Clear all messages. Display Summary Screen To view the most important switch configuration parameters to the console in a summary form, select Display Summary on the Statistics menu. The information is suitable for capturing into an ASCII file by means of a capture function in the terminal emulation program used.
183 8. Monitoring the Network with SNMP This chapter explains how to monitor the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and/ or the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch from a network management system using an application that supports Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The following topics are described in this chapter: • • • SNMP setup IP configuration SNMP configuration SNMP Setup Follow these steps to use in-band management: 1.
184 SNMP Configuration Use the SNMP Configuration screen and all of its submenus to configure specific attributes related to SNMP. SNMP Configuration Screen The SNMP Configuration screen is shown below. Send Authentication Traps Indicates whether SNMP should issue an authentication trap to trap receivers whenever an unauthorized request is detected. Default: Yes Enable RMON Statistics Enables the gathering of a subset of the RMON statistics from the RMON MIB. The default setting is No.
185 Community Strings... Changes the community string table. The community string is the name associated with the switch and a set of SNMP managers. Entries in the table are saved across resets and power cycles. Trap Receivers... Displays table of managers to which traps are sent. Entries in the table are saved across resets and power cycles. Community Strings Screen Use the Community Strings screen to configure the community string for the switch.
186 Community Name Name, or password, used to identify the SNMP managers. ➽ Note: Community names are case sensitive. Mode The privilege level assigned to this name. Read specifies that SNMP managers can only view SNMP information. Read/Write specifies that SNMP managers can both view and change SNMP information. Add Entry Adds community string. Delete Entry Deletes community string. Change Entry Modifies community string and/or access mode. Clear Table Deletes all community strings.
187 Trap Receivers Screen Trap receiver tables tell the switch where to send traps. The table contains the IP address associated with an SNMP manager. The Trap receiver table contains a maximum of 20 entries. It is redisplayed each time the table changes. Trap receiver table entries are saved when you select Return. Entries are preserved across resets and power cycles. Index Sequential number of entries in the table. IP Address The IP address associated with an SNMP manager.
188 Add Entry Adds a new entry to the trap receiver table. Delete Entry Deletes an entry from the trap receiver table. Change Entry Modifies an entry in the trap receiver table. Clear Table Deletes all table entries. Zoom Displays the complete list of TrBRFs assigned to an IP address.
189 addressee of a protocol message that is not properly authenticated. While implementations of the SNMP must be capable of generating this trap, they must also be capable of suppressing the emission of such traps via an implementationspecific mechanism. Enterprise specific traps - from OC8600.MIB oc8600TsStackCfgChange This trap is generated when there is a change in the stack configuration i.e. when either a new switch is added to the stack or a switch leaves a stack.
190 This trap is generated when a duplicate MAC address is detected on a port in a TrCRF which already has learned that MAC address. oc8600TsDuplicateBridge This trap is generated when a duplicated bridge number is detected on a port in a TrCRF. oc8600TsRingNumberMismatch This trap is generated when a mismatch in ring numbers is detected on a port in TrCRF. Traps for the Spanning Tree Protocol oc8600TsTrCRFNewRoot This trap is a TrCRF specific version of the newRoot trap as described in RFC1493.
191 Traps for CrossLinks oc8600TsCrossLinkFailed This trap is sent when one of the links in an CrossLink fail. The variable oc8600TsCLPorts contains the ports which are operational in the CrossLink. ❏ CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
192 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
193 9. Monitoring Port Traffic The CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch allow you to configure a Switched Port Analyzer function for monitoring traffic on a port by defining a monitor port where an external probe can observe traffic from a selected monitored port. The monitoring function does not interfere in any way with the normal traffic flow in the switch. The external probe (e.g. a protocol analyzer) is not supplied with the switch.
194 The following information is displayed on this screen: Port Number Port to which the network analyzer or RMON probe will be attached. ➽ Note: This port should be assigned to its own TrCRF. For information about assigning ports to a TrCRF, see “VLAN Configuration” on page 87. Port To Monitor The port that will be monitored. To Select Then Change the current settings… The appropriate parameter… Specify the value. Disable the Switched Port Analyzer port… Port to Monitor Specify 0.
195 10. Troubleshooting This chapter contains procedures that help you troubleshoot problems with a CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch or a CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch and its connections to other devices. Obtaining Service There are no serviceable parts inside the switch. Do not remove the cover for any reason. If you think your switch or its UEMs requires service, please contact Olicom Technical Support. Please refer to Chapter 11, “Getting in Touch with Technical Support” for instructions.
196 4. Observe the LEDs on the switch front panel. Figure 3 on page 5 illustrates the LEDs. For explanations of the LEDs, see the section “Status and Activity LEDs” on page 8. Review this section before proceeding with the troubleshooting process. 5. In Table 23, locate the symptom that best describes the communication problem and the LED pattern you observed. Then, go to the section that contains the recommended actions for resolving the problem and follow that procedure.
197 Procedure B Use this procedure if the ERR LED is on: 1. Verify that the power to the internal power supply is on. If the power is off (and the switch is powered only by the redundant power supply), apply power to the internal power supply. If the ERR LED turns off after this, resume using the switch, otherwise proceed to step 2 below. 2. Reset the switch by disconnecting the power cord, waiting 10 seconds, and then reconnecting it to the electrical outlet.
198 Procedure D Use this procedure if one device connected to the switch is having a communication problem. The ERR LED and the DIAG LEDs are off, and other attached devices can communicate through the switch: 1. Check the port LEDs. — If the port INSRT LED is on, the problem is probably external to the switch. Go to Step 2. — If the port INSRT LED is off, the port is probably disabled. Check that the port configuration matches the attached device, and then go to Step 3. 2.
199 — If the problem persists, try another identically configured port on the switch. If the new port works there is a problem with the failed port. Obtain service. Contact your place of purchase. 5. If the switch is connected to a token-ring concentrator, perform the following steps: — Verify that the switch duplex setting matches the attached device. — Verify that the concentrator is operating correctly. — Verify that only one cable interconnects the two devices.
200 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
201 11. Getting in Touch with Technical Support If support is not provided by your organization or the local vendor, you can at any time relay information to or contact Olicom Technical Support via one of the listed services. In addition, BBS, e-mail, FTP or WWW provide up-to-date software updates, application notes, quick fixes and various utilities which may solve your problem. Before You Contact Olicom Technical Support • Boot the switch to run the power-on diagnostics.
202 Fax Support For assistance with any problem you may encounter when installing Olicom software and hardware products, Olicom’s Support department will reply either by fax or by telephone within 24 hours, Monday to Friday. Use one of the following fax numbers: Europe: (+45) 45 27 02 40 (Denmark) (+48) 58 346 1288 (Poland) USA: (+1) 972 671-7524 Bulletin Board Service All Olicom’s support services are available via our BBS: software updates, application notes, quick fixes, various utilities, etc.
203 Internet E-Mail Olicom customer support is available on e-mail through Internet. You will receive a reply within 24 hours. Use one of the following e-mail addresses: Europe: support@olicom.dk USA: support@olicom.com Anonymous Internet FTP Server All Olicom’s support services can be obtained from our anonymous FTP server: software updates, application notes, quick fixes, etc. To connect, open an FTP session to: Europe: ftp.olicom.dk USA: ftp.olicom.
204 Problem Report Form Fill in both sides of this Problem Report Form, print out the relevant system configuration files and fax or mail to Olicom Technical Support. You can also fill in and send a Problem Report Form from Olicom’s web site on the Internet.
205 Problem Description Network Installation Sketch ❏ CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
206 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
207 Appendix A.
208 LAA Local Administrated Address LAN Local Area Network LAM Lobe Attachement Module LED Light Emitting Diode LLC Logical Link Control LRN Learning LSN Listening MAC Media Access Control MAU Media Access Unit Mbps Megabits per second MIB Management Information Base MMF Multi-Mode Fiber MTU Maximum Transfer Unit NMS Network Management System NNM Network Node Manager NSR Non Source-Routed OBM Out-of-Band Management PROM Programmable Read Only Memory RMON Remote Monitorin
209 SPAN Switched Port Analyzer SRB Source Route Bridging SRS Source Route Switching SRT Source Route Transparent Bridging STE Spanning Tree Explorer STP Shielded Twisted Pair or Spanning Tree Protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TIA Telecommunications Industry Association TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TKP Token Passing TrBRF Token-Ring Bridge Relay Function TrCRF Token-Ring Concentrator Relay Function TXI Transmit Immediate UAA Universal Administr
210 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
211 Appendix B. Cable and Pin Information This appendix provides information on cables that can be used with the CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch and the CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch. It also provides minimum pin-out information so that you can verify that the cables that you are using are correctly wired. Connecting to the Out-of-Band Management Port Table 24 lists the type of cables that are used when connecting to the OBM port (labelled MANAGEMENT) on the front panel of the switch.
212 Out-of-Band Management Port and Cable Pin-Outs The switch’s Out-of-Band Management (OBM) port (labelled MANAGEMENT on the front panel) is an TIA/EIA-232 port wired as a DTE. For this reason, you cannot use a straight-through modem cable to directly connect a terminal to the MANAGEMENT port. For a terminal connection, you can use either a null-modem cable or a modem cable with a null-modem adapter attached. For a modem connection, you can use a standard modem cable.
213 TIA/EIA 232 Null-Modem Connections Use a null-modem (crossover) cable shown in Figure 23 to connect the MANAGEMENT port to a terminal (DTE) with a 25-pin connector. Alternatively, you can use a modem cable and a null-modem adapter. DTR (pin 20) and RTS (pin 4) must be on, or high, on your terminal or in your terminal emulation program. Figure 23.
214 Twisted-Pair Cable Pin Outs When connecting devices to the token-ring ports on the switch, you must use a straight-through cable. Diagrams of these cables follow. Straight-Through 100-Ohm/120-Ohm Cable The switch RJ-45 connector makes ground available on the shield and on pins 1, 2, 7, and 8. Shielded cables will provide continuity for ground to any shielded connector on the other end of the cable. Figure 25.
215 Cabling Recommendations The tables in this section contain the maximum supported lobe lengths. The maximum lengths reflect the longest lengths supported by the transmission characteristics of IEEE 802.5-compliant adapters. The recommended distances for the various cable types are set by North American and international commercial building wiring standards.
216 • For lobe cabling from the telecommunications closet to the wall outlet, it is recommended that 150-ohm STP or four-pair Category 5 cable that meets the international cable standard (ISO/IEC 11801) or North American cabling standard (EIA/TIA 568A). • For backbone cabling, it is recommended that 62.5/125-micron multimode optical fiber cable that meets the international cable standard (ISO/IEC 11801) or the North American cabling standard (EIA/TIA 568A).
217 Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for Dedicated-Media LAN Segments The Olicom Token-Ring network dedicated-media (full-duplex) connections support only one attached entity (workstation or switch) per connection. In a Token-Ring network, the section of cable that attaches a device to an access unit is called a lobe. CrossFire 8600 Token-Ring Switch The tables in this section specify the maximum supported lobe lengths for the types of cables listed below.
218 100 or 120 Ohm Category 4 Ring Speed 100 or 120 Ohm Category 5 4 Mbps 350 m (1,148 ft) 350 m (1,148 ft) 16 Mbps 200 m (656 ft) 200 m (656 ft) 100 Mbps Not Supported 90 m (295 ft) Table 30. Lobe Lengths for 100 or 120 Ohm Shielded or Unshielded Cable CrossFire 8605 Token-Ring Fiber Switch The tables in this section specify the maximum supported lobe lengths for the fiber cables listed below. Ring Speed 62.
219 Cable Length and Lobe Wiring Rules for Shared-Media LAN Segments The types of cables that can be used in shared-media segments (half-duplex) are the same as those described above for dedicated-media segments. ➽ Note: For CrossFire 8600, the acceptable cable lengths are defined by the hub or concentrator attached to the switch port, but in general the distances are half of that stated in the tables above for dedicated-media segments.
220 CrossFire 8600/8605 Token-Ring Switches v. 1.
index-1 Index Numerics B 802.5 DTR MAC Information menu 160 802.5 State Information screen 159 802.
index-2 pin-outs of MANAGEMENT port 212 types of 215 cabling instructions 61 recommendations 215 capacity specifications 12 CAU 207 cautions iii Cfg Loss Sampling Interval parameter 108 Cfg Loss Threshold parameter 108 chassis accessing at installation 46 mounting 59 checking the installation 63 class of port on the Port Filtering Attributes screen 123 on the Protocol Class Assignment screen 122 Clear Non-Volatile RAM command 143 clearing NVRAM guidelines 143 clock parameter 84 Common Access Protocol Mask p
index-3 D DCst parameter on Current Spanning Tree Information screen 177 declaration of conformity ii Default Gateway parameter 94 Delete Password parameter 129 deleting password 129 Demand Aging Level parameter 128 depth of switch 13 destination service access point (DSAP) on the Port Filtering Attributes screen 124 on the Protocol Class Assignment screen 122 diagnostic self-test screens 72 Diagnostic Test Results screen 180 diagnostics LED 8 differences between CrossFire 8600 and 8605 xiii dimensions of
index-4 Frames Transmitted parameter 149, 154 Frames Unknown parameter 154 frequency physical characteristics 13 frequency errors on 802.
index-5 Local Address Entries parameter 154 Local Box Number parameter 84 Local VLAN Port Configuration screen logical rings maximum number of 12 Long Frames parameter 155 lookup table size 12 lost frame errors on 802.
index-6 multiple bridging modes benefits 36 principles 20 multiple simultaneous conversations of the switches of this manual 18 P N navigating within console menus 77 network monitoring benefits 39 monitoring with SNMP 183 troubleshooting 195 network management physical specifications 15 network management console configuration of connection 70 connecting 69 main menu 78 navigationg within menus and screens stopping 132 using to monitor the network 145 network monitoring 145 NMS 208 NNM 208 NSR 208 NSR
index-7 Error Report Timer 161 Error Sampling Interval 108 Event Status 162 Explorer Overflow 155 Flash Memory Installed 83 Force AC Bits on SR Frames 106 Forward Delay 176 Forwarding Mode 107 Frame Errors 154 Frame Transmit Errors 149 Frames Filtered - Addr 154 Frames Filtered - DSAP 154 Frames Forwarded 153 Frames Lost 149 Frames Processed 154 Frames Received 149, 154 Frames Transmitted 149, 154 Frames Unknown 154 Functional Address 160 Hardware Flow Control 131 Hello Time 172, 175 IEEE STP Uses Bridge Fu
index-8 Upstream Neighbor 160 VLAN ID 90, 92 VLAN Name 91, 92 Parent VLAN parameter 91, 178 parts not serviceable 195 password deleting 129 setting 129 Password menu 129 path cost of port on Port Spanning Tree Parameters screen 103 Pending Send Requests parameter 149 performance 10, 13 physical characteristics 5, 13 Physical Drop Number parameter 161 pin information 211 PING sending 95 Port Address Table Aging screen 127 Port Configuration screen 105 port cost 173, 176 port counters built-in 29 Port Filteri
index-9 Ring Status parameter 159 RMON 208 RMON Support general description 28 Root CRF parameter 172 Root ID parameter 172, 175 Root Port parameter 175 RS 208 rules remember before installation 49 S safety electricity 43 preventing electrostatic discharge damage 45 recommendations 43 specifications 14, 43 scalability features 11 screen report 182 screens 802.5 State Information 159 805.
index-10 solving problems 195 source route bridging mode principles 21 source route switching mode principles 21 source route transparent mode principles 21 SPAN 209 Spanning Tree for TrBRF screen 99 Spanning Tree for TrCRF screen 101 spanning tree mode of port 104 spanning tree protocol 97 benefits 37 general description 25 IEEE 802.
index-11 System Contact parameter 83 System Description parameter 81 System Location parameter 83 System Name parameter 83 system request button on front panel System Up Time parameter 148 7 T table mounting of switches 60 TCP/IP 209 technical support 201 bulletin board service 202 e-mail 203 fax 202 getting in touch with 201 hotline 201 web 203 web server 203 telephone numbers hotline 201 Telnet Configuration screen 133 Telnet session involuntary termination 135 starting 135 stopping 135 telnet session e
index-12 UTP 209 V View Port Filters screen 120 Virtual LAN configuration 87 VLAN 209 VLAN Address Table screen 170 VLAN configuration general description 87 VLAN Configuration menu 88 VLAN Configuration screen 89 VLAN ID parameter 90, 92 VLAN Name parameter 91, 92 VLAN Parameter Configuration for TrBRF screen 92 VLAN Parameter Configuration for TrCRF screen 90 VLAN Route Descriptor Table screen 171 VLAN statistics 178 VLAN Statistics for TrBRF screen 179 VLAN Statistics for TrCRF screen 178 VLAN support
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