USB2000 Fiber Optic Spectrometer Installation and Operation Manual Document Number 170-00000-000-02-1005 Offices: Ocean Optics, Inc. 830 Douglas Ave., Dunedin, FL., USA 34698 Phone 727.733.2447 Fax 727.733.3962 8 a.m.– 8 p.m. (Mon-Thu), 8 a.m.– 6 p.m. (Fri) EST Ocean Optics B.V. (Europe) Geograaf 24, 6921 EW DUIVEN, The Netherlands Phone Fax E-mail: 31-(0)26-3190500 31-(0)26-3190505 Info@OceanOptics.com Info@OceanOpticsBV.com Orders@OceanOptics.com TechSupport@OceanOptics.
Copyright © 2001-2005 Ocean Optics, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from Ocean Optics, Inc. This manual is sold as part of an order and subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the prior consent of Ocean Optics, Inc.
Table of Contents 1 USB2000 Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 Product Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 1 System Requirements .....................................................................................................................................................................
Absorbance Experiments..................................................................................................................................... 20 Transmission Experiments .................................................................................................................................. 22 Reflection Experiments........................................................................................................................................ 24 Relative Irradiance Experiments.
USB2000 Introduction 1 USB2000 Introduction The following chapter contains introductory information about the USB2000 Spectrometer, shipment information, and spectrometer connectivity. Product Overview The USB2000 Spectrometer connects to a notebook or desktop PC via USB port or serial port. When connected to the USB port of a PC, the USB2000 draws power from the host PC, eliminating the need for an external power supply.
USB2000 Introduction About OOIBase32 OOIBase32 is the latest generation of operating software for all Ocean Optics spectrometers and is available free to all customers. OOIBase32 is a user-customizable, advanced acquisition and display program that provides a real-time interface to a variety of signal-processing functions.
USB2000 Introduction Interface Options The USB2000 has both USB and serial port connectors, enabling you to connect the spectrometer to a desktop or notebook PC via a USB port or to a desktop, notebook, or to a palm-sized PC via a serial port.
USB2000 Introduction Software and Technical Resources CD Each order ships with the Ocean Optics Software and Technical Resources CD. This disc contains software, operating instructions, and product information for all Ocean Optics software, spectrometers, and spectroscopic accessories. You need Adobe Acrobat Reader version 6.0 or higher to view these files. Ocean Optics includes Adobe Acrobat Reader on the Software and Technical Resources CD.
USB2000 Specifications 2 USB2000 Specifications This chapter contains information on spectrometer operation, specifications, and system compatibility. It also includes accessory connector pinout diagrams and pin-specific information. How the USB2000 Works The following diagram illustrates the movement of light through the optical bench of the USB2000 Spectrometer. You can customize the items marked with an asterisk (*) when ordering the USB2000.
USB2000 Specifications USB2000 Component Table Ocean Optics permanently secures all components in the USB2000 at the time of manufacture. Only Ocean Optics Technicians can replace interchangeable components, where noted. Item Name 1 SMA Connector 2 Slit* 3 Filter* 4 Collimating Mirror 5 Grating* 6 Focusing Mirror 7 L2 Detector Collection Lens* 8 CCD Detector (UV or VIS) USB2000 Operating Instructions Description The SMA Connector secures the input fiber to the spectrometer.
USB2000 Specifications USB2000 Specifications The following sections provide specification information for the CCD Detector in the USB2000, as well as the USB2000 Spectrometer itself. CCD Detector Specifications Detector: Number of elements: Pixel size: Pixel well depth: Signal-to-noise ratio: A/D resolution: Dark noise: Corrected linearity: Sony ILX511 linear silicon CCD array 2048 pixels 14 µm x 200 µm 62,500 electrons 250:1 (at full signal) 12 bit 2.5 RMS counts >99.
USB2000 Specifications System Compatibility The following sections provide information on hardware and software requirements for the USB2000: Compatibility for Desktop or Notebook PCs To use the USB2000, you must have a PC that meets the following minimum requirements: • IBM-compatible PC with Pentium (or higher) processor • 32 MB RAM • OOIBase32 Spectrometer Operating Software • Windows 98/Me/2000/XP operating system (when connecting the USB2000 to a PC via USB port) or Any 32-bit version of Window
USB2000 Specifications 10-Pin Accessory Connector Pinout Diagram When facing the 10-pin Accessory Connector on the USB2000, pin numbering is as follows: 10 8 6 4 2 9 7 5 3 1 Figure 2-3: 10-Pin Accessory Connector Pinout Diagram 10-Pin Accessory Connector – Pin Definitions The following table contains information regarding the function of each pin in the USB2000’s 10-pin accessory connector: Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Description VUSB or 5V in RS232 Tx RS232 Rx Lamp Enable Continuous Strobe Grou
Installing the USB2000 3 Installing the USB2000 This chapter contains instructions in parallel for connecting the USB2000 via both USB and serial modes. Note: You must install the OOIBase32 software application prior to connecting the USB2000 Spectrometer to the PC. The OOIBase32 software installation installs the drivers required for USB2000 installation. If you do not install OOIBase32 first, the system will not properly recognize the USB2000.
Installing the USB2000 Configuring the USB2000 in OOIBase32 Once you install the USB2000, you must configure OOIBase32’s Configure Spectrometer options so that OOIBase32 recognizes the USB2000 Spectrometer. Note: Consult the OOIBase32 Spectrometer Operating Software Manual for detailed instructions on configuring the spectrometer in OOIBase32. You can find these instructions on the Software and Technical Resources CD or on the Ocean Optics web site at the following location: http://www.oceanoptics.
Installing the USB2000 Configure Hardware Screen - Continued USB Mode Serial Port Mode 1. Specify USB2000 in the Spectrometer Type drop-down menu. 1. Select the USB2000 option from the Spectrometer Type drop-down menu. 2. Specify USB2000 in the A/D Converter Type drop-down menu. 2. Select the Serial (RS-232) A/D option from the A/D Converter Type drop-down menu. This selection enables serial-specific options in the lower portion of the Configure Hardware screen. 3.
Installing the USB2000 Spectrometer Configuration Screen The Spectrometer Configuration screen prompts you to configure specific channel-level spectrometer information, if necessary. Select Spectrometer | Configure | Wavelength Calibration tab from the menu and set system parameters. If you have connected your spectrometer to the PC’s USB port, OOIBase32 pre-fills the coefficients for the USB2000 from information on a memory chip in the spectrometer.
Troubleshooting 4 Troubleshooting The following sections contain information on troubleshooting issues you may encounter when using the USB2000 Spectrometer. Note: For issues encountered when using a palm-sized PC, consult the OOIPS2000 manual.
Troubleshooting 3. Locate the unknown device (marked with a large question mark). Right-click on the Unknown Device listing and select the Uninstall or Remove option. 4. Click the OK button to continue. A warning box appears confirming the removal of the Unknown Device. Click the OK button to confirm the device removal. 5. Disconnect the USB2000 from your computer. 6.
Troubleshooting Windows 2000/XP: Remove Improperly Installed Files: 1. Open Windows Explorer. 2. Navigate to the Windows | INF directory. If the INF directory is not visible, you will need to disable the “Hide System Files and Folders” option on in Windows Folder Options. Note: If the INF directory is not visible, you will need to disable the “Hide System Files and Folders” and “Hide File Extensions for Known File Types” options in Windows Folder Options.
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting the Serial Port Configuration Occasionally, you may encounter problems with the serial port connection and/or software. Perform the following steps to troubleshoot the serial port connection: 1. Cycle the power on the USB2000 and restart the OOIBase32 software. This ensures that the software and the USB2000 are synchronized. 2. Determine the serial port (COM port) number: Operating System Windows 95/98/ME Windows 2000/XP Windows NT Instructions 1.
Sample Experiments 5 Sample Experiments The following sections contain information on conducting sample experiments using the USB2000 and OOIBase32. For information on experiments with OOIPS2000, consult the OOIPS2000 Operating Instructions. Preparing for Experiments Follow the steps below to configure the USB2000 and OOIBase32 for experiments: 1. Double-check that you have correctly installed the USB2000, installed OOIBase32, and configured the light source and other sampling optics. 2.
Sample Experiments Application Tips If the signal you collect is saturating the spectrometer (intensity greater than 4000 counts), you can decrease the light level on scale in scope mode by: • Decreasing the integration time • Attenuating the light going into the spectrometer • Using a smaller diameter fiber • Using a neutral density filter with the correct optical density If the signal you collect has too little light, you can increase the light level on scale in scope mode by: • Increasing the i
Sample Experiments Absorbance Experiments Absorbance spectra are a measure of how much light a sample absorbs. For most samples, absorbance is linearly related to the concentration of the substance. OOIBase32 calculates absorbance (Aλ) using the following equation… Aλ = - log10 Sλ - Dλ ( R -D ) λ λ …where Sλ is the sample intensity at wavelength λ, Dλ is the dark intensity at wavelength λ, Rλ is the reference intensity at wavelength λ. Figure 6-1: Typical absorbance setup.
Sample Experiments 3. Place a sample of the solvent into a cuvette and take a reference spectrum. You must take a reference spectrum before measuring absorbance. Note: Do not put the sample itself in the path when taking a reference spectrum, only the solvent. Click the Store Reference spectrum icon on the toolbar or select Spectrum | Store Reference from the menu bar to store the reference. This command merely stores a reference spectrum in memory.
Sample Experiments Transmission Experiments Transmission is the percentage of energy passing through a sample relative to the amount that passes through the reference. Transmission Mode also displays the portion of light reflected from a sample, since transmission and reflection measurements use the same mathematical calculations. The transmission is expressed as a percentage (%Tλ) relative to a standard substance (such as air).
Sample Experiments 6. Place a sample of the solvent into a cuvette and take a reference spectrum. You must take a reference spectrum before measuring transmission. Note: Do not put the sample itself in the path when taking a reference spectrum, only the solvent. Click the Store Reference spectrum icon on the toolbar or select Spectrum | Store Reference from the menu bar to store the reference. This command merely stores a reference spectrum in memory.
Sample Experiments Reflection Experiments Reflection is the return of radiation by a surface, without a change in wavelength. Reflection can be: • Specular (the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection) • Diffuse (the angle of incidence is not equal to the angle of reflection) Every surface returns both specular and diffuse reflections. Some surfaces may return mostly specular reflection, while others may return mostly diffuse reflection.
Sample Experiments Perform the following steps to take reflection measurements using OOIBase32: 1. Place OOIBase32 is in scope mode by clicking the Scope Mode icon on the toolbar, or by selecting Spectrum | Scope Mode from the menu bar. 2. Ensure that the entire signal is on scale. The intensity of the reference signal should peak at about 3500 counts. 3. Take a reference spectrum with the WS-1 Diffuse Reflectance Standard or the STAN-SSH Highreflectivity Reference Standard.
Sample Experiments Relative Irradiance Experiments Irradiance is the amount of energy at each wavelength emitted from a radiant sample. In relative terms, it is a comparison of the fraction of energy the sample emits and the energy the sampling system collects from a lamp with a blackbody energy distribution (normalized to 1 at the energy maximum).
Sample Experiments Perform the following steps to take a relative irradiance measurement using OOIBase32: 1. Place OOIBase32 is in scope mode by clicking the Scope Mode icon on the toolbar, or by selecting Spectrum | Scope Mode from the menu bar. 2. Ensure that the entire signal is on scale. The intensity of the reference signal should peak at about 3500 counts. Note: The light source must be a blackbody of known color temperature. 3.
Sample Experiments Time Acquisition Experiments OOIBase32 allows you to perform time acquisition experiments. Time acquisition experiments track processes, perform kinetic analyses, and monitor spectral events all as a function of time. You can collect, as a function of time, spectral data from up to six single wavelengths (designated as Channels A through F) and up to two mathematical combinations of these wavelengths (designated as Combinations 1 and 2).
Sample Experiments 3. Configure a time acquisition process for a combination of two time channels (if desired) by selecting Combination 1. Perform the steps below to configure a combination: g. Select Enabled to set the time acquisition calculation for the wavelength. h. Enable Plotted to see a real-time graph of the acquired data in a spectral window. i. Specify Time Channel A through F for the First Channel. j. Select the mathematical operation to produce the data for Combination 1. k.
Sample Experiments 6. Enable Save Every Acquisition to store data for every spectral acquisition during a time acquisition process (optional). Note: OOIBase32 has options to either store data for each acquisition, or to collect data only after a specified delay. Several factors affect the minimum time acquisition frequency, including integration time, number of spectrometer channels, samples averaged, and computer speed.
Appendix A Appendix A: Calibrating the Wavelength of the USB2000 This Appendix describes how to calibrate the wavelength of your spectrometer. Though each spectrometer is calibrated before it leaves Ocean Optics, the wavelength for all spectrometers will drift slightly as a function of time and environmental conditions. Ocean Optics recommends periodically recalibrating the USB2000.
Appendix A Calibrating the Wavelength of the Spectrometer Perform the steps below to calibrate the wavelength of the spectrometer: 1. Place OOIBase32 into Scope Mode and take a spectrum of your light source. Adjust the integration time (or the A/D conversion frequency) until there are several peaks on the screen that are not off-scale. 2. Move the cursor to one of the peaks and position the cursor so that it is at the point of maximum intensity. 3.
Appendix A 5. Use the spreadsheet or calculator to calculate the wavelength calibration coefficients. In the spreadsheet program, find the functions to perform linear regressions. • If using Quattro Pro, look under Tools | Advanced Math • If using Excel, look under Analysis ToolPak 6. Select the true wavelength as the dependent variable (Y). Select the pixel number, pixel number squared, and the pixel number cubed as the independent variables (X).
Appendix A Saving the New Calibration Coefficients: USB Mode Ocean Optics programs wavelength calibration coefficients unique to each USB2000 onto an EEPROM memory chip in the USB2000. You can overwrite old calibration coefficients on the EEPROM if you are using the USB2000 via the USB port. If you are using the USB2000 via the serial port, consult the Saving the New Calibration Coefficients: Serial Mode section later in this Appendix. To Save Wavelength Calibration Coefficients Using the USB Mode 1.
Appendix A Saving the New Calibration Coefficients: Serial Mode If you are connecting the USB2000 Spectrometer to the serial port of the PC, you need to save the new wavelength calibration coefficients to the .SPEC file that OOIBase32 accesses when opened. Note: You cannot save the calibration coefficients to the EEPROM memory chip on the USB2000 when using the serial mode. To Save Wavelength Calibration Coefficients Using the Serial Mode 1. Open the OOIBase32 application. 2.
Appendix B Appendix B: USB2000-FLG Spectrometer The USB2000-FLG Spectrometer is preconfigured for use with fluorescence applications from 380-1050 nm. It contains proprietary Silver AgPlus Mirrors which provide an increase in sensitivity of 10-35% over the standard USB2000 Spectrometer. The USB2000-FLG contains custom firmware that allows you to program a variable between a Single Strobe signal and the commencement of an acquisition.
Appendix B 8. Enable Single Strobe output by checking the Strobe Enable check box (See Figure B-1 on the following page). The strobe signal is a rising edge trigger signal that is TTL High for the entire delay period. See Figure B-2 for a timing diagram. The USB2000-FLG is now configured for operation in Variable Delay Mode. Figure B-1: The Acquisition Parameters Toolbar. Note the location of the Strobe Freq (entered in µs) and Strobe/Lamp Enable options.
Index A Accessories, 13 Adobe Acrobat Reader, 4 AgPlus Mirrors, 36 O OOIBase32, 11 Overview, 1 P C Calibrating, 31 CCD Detector, 6 Compatibility, 8 Configure Hardware, 11 Packing List, 3 Passwords, 4 Pin Definitions, 9 Pinout, 8 Power, 7 D Data transfer rate, 7 Default Spectrometer Configuration File, 11 Detector Collection Lens, 6 Dimensions, 7 Dynamic range, 7 E EEPROM, 1 Experiments, 18 R range, 7 resolution, 7 S Slit, 6 SMA Connector, 6 Software and Resources Library CD, 4 Specifications, 5 Dete
