BayRS Version 14.20 Part No. 308614-14.
Copyright © 1999 Nortel Networks All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. January 2001. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, configurations, technical data, and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document.
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Contents Preface Before You Begin ............................................................................................................. xv Text Conventions .............................................................................................................xvi Acronyms ........................................................................................................................xvii Hard-Copy Technical Manuals ........................................................................
Netboot ...................................................................................................................1-20 Directed Netboot ....................................................................................................1-21 Local Boot ..............................................................................................................1-22 Chapter 2 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Setting Up a BootP Server ......................................................................
Creating the BootP Client Interface Table .....................................................................3-14 Chapter 4 Configuring Netboot Client Services Using Netboot Configuration Commands .......................................................................4-2 Setting the Boot Configuration ........................................................................................4-3 Using the bconfig Command Format .......................................................................
Router Not Sending BootP Responses ............................................................ B-4 BootP Server Not Sending BootP Responses .................................................. B-4 Router Fails to Perform Directed Netboot ............................................................... B-5 Router Netboots, but Fails to Load Applications ..................................................... B-5 Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems ............................................................
Figures Figure 1-1. Calculating an IP Address (Direct Access PVC or Standard PPP) ....................................................1-7 Figure 1-2. Requesting an IP Address from the BootP Server (Group Access PVC) ................................................................................1-8 Figure 1-3. Obtaining the Path Names of the Kernel and Configuration Files ............1-9 Figure 1-4. Obtaining the Configuration File ............................................................
Tables Table 1-1. Router Startup Files ................................................................................1-3 Table 1-2. Summary of Startup Options for AN/ANH and ARN Routers ..................1-4 Table 2-1. BootPD Tags for a Router Host Name .....................................................2-5 Table 2-2. BootPD Tags for a Kernel File Name ......................................................2-6 Table 2-3. Providing TFTP Access to All Directories .................................
Preface This guide describes connecting a Nortel Networks™ Access Node (AN®), Access Node Hub (ANH™), or Passport® Advanced Remote Node™ (ARN™) router to a managed network.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Text Conventions This guide uses the following text conventions: angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is: ping , you enter: ping 192.32.10.12 bold text Indicates command names and options and text that you need to enter. Example: Enter show ip {alerts | routes}.
Preface italic text Indicates file and directory names, new terms, book titles, and variables in command syntax descriptions. Where a variable is two or more words, the words are connected by an underscore. Example: If the command syntax is: show at valid_route is one variable and you substitute one value for it. screen text Indicates system output, for example, prompts and system messages. Example: Set Trap Monitor Filters separator ( > ) Shows menu paths.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers xvi CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (now ITU-T) CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access/collision detection DCE data communications equipment DLCI data link connection identifier DLCMI Data Link Control Management Interface DSU/CSU data service unit/channel service unit DTE data terminal equipment FTP File Transfer Protocol HDLC high-level data link
Preface PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PVC permanent virtual circuit RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RFC Request for Comments RIP Routing Information Protocol RMON remote monitoring SAM System Administration Manager SIMM single in-line memory module SMDS switched multimegabit data service SMIT System Management Interface Tool SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol STP shielded twisted pair TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Telnet Telecommunication netw
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers How to Get Help If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance.
Chapter 1 Understanding Tools and Options The AN/ANH and ARN families of routers connect multiprotocol workgroups to corporate backbone networks. This chapter provides an overview of the software and procedures for configuring and managing router remote access for AN, ANH, and ARN routers.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers • Router configuration and management tools included with BayRS: -- Technician Interface, a command-line interface that operates in router memory. Technician Interface commands and scripts provide real-time SNMP-based Management Information Base (MIB) access from an attached or remote (modem or Telnet) management console. -- AN Monitor, a command-line interface to the router diagnostic firmware.
Understanding Tools and Options Nortel Networks ships the software image for AN/ANH and ARN routers on a PCMCIA flash memory card, along with a default configuration file named config. The ARN software image is named arn.exe. The AN/ANH software image is named an.exe. Table 1-1 describes the executable startup files contained in the AN/ANH and ARN software images. Table 1-1. Router Startup Files Startup File Name Description krnl_arn.exe ARN operating-system kernel krnl_an.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 1-2. Summary of Startup Options for AN/ANH and ARN Routers Boot Option Image File Configuration Source File Source Description EZ-Install Local (PCMCIA flash memory card) Network The default option for initial • (serial interface startup.
Understanding Tools and Options The Boot Process The following sections describe the boot process for the Local Boot and Netboot startup options: • • Netboot Process (EZ-Install, Netboot, or Directed Netboot) Local Boot Process Netboot Process When booting over the network using EZ-Install, Netboot, or Directed Netboot, AN/ANH and ARN routers complete the following tasks: 1. Determines its IP address 2.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The router sends the BootP request through all serial ports at approximately the same time, using the following protocols: • • • • Nortel Networks Standard Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) using high-level data link control (HDLC) encapsulation Frame Relay Annex D Frame Relay Local Management Interface (LMI) Frame Relay Annex A Note: The upstream router must have a circuit running Nortel Networks Standard PPP using HDLC or a frame relay permanent vir
Understanding Tools and Options AN/ANH/ARN router BOOTP request BOOTP response with IP address 192.32.1.2 Upstream router IP address 192.32.1.1 NPA0001A Figure 1-1. Calculating an IP Address (Direct Access PVC or Standard PPP) -- A frame relay PVC in group access mode refers to its BootP client interface table to find an associated IP address for the AN/ANH or ARN router. Note: The BootP client interface table contains a data link connection identifier (DLCI) and IP address pair for each PVC.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers AN/ANH/ARN Booting router 2 Booting router 3 PVC 32 PVC 31 PVC 33 Frame Relay Circuit containing PVC 31, 32, 33 (for virtual connections to the three routers) BOOTP Client Interface Table: Key DLCI 31 DLCI 32 DLCI 33 BOOTP request BOOTP response 192.32.1.2 192.32.1.3 192.32.1.4 Upstream router NPA0002A Figure 1-2. Requesting an IP Address from the BootP Server (Group Access PVC) 5.
Understanding Tools and Options Obtaining the Kernel and Configuration Files With a known IP address, an AN/ANH and ARN router can obtain its operating-system kernel and configuration files over the network. The procedure is the same for EZ-Install, Netboot, and Directed Netboot. 1. The router sends a BootP request for the path names of the startup files. The router issues the request simultaneously through all serial (COM), Ethernet, and token ring (ARN only) interfaces that have IP addresses.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers 4. The router sends a TFTP request for the configuration file. 5. The BootP server uses TFTP to transfer the configuration file (Figure 1-4). AN/ANH/ARN Configuration file Corporate backbone Upstream router BOOTP server BOOTP response Key TFTP request TFTP transfer NPA0004A Figure 1-4. 1-10 Obtaining the Configuration File 6. The router sends a TFTP request for the kernel file. 7.
Understanding Tools and Options AN/ANH/ARN Kernel Corporate backbone Upstream router BOOTP server Key TFTP request TFTP transfer NPA0005A Figure 1-5. Obtaining the Kernel File 8. The router boots the kernel. 9. The router uses TFTP to obtain application and string files as it needs them. 10. The router begins bridging and routing network traffic as specified in the configuration file. The AN/ANH, or ARN router can continue to request files, even after it begins bridging and routing traffic.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Local Boot Process When the AN/ANH and ARN routers boot locally, they read the kernel, application, and string files embedded in the an.exe or arn.exe software image file on the local PCMCIA flash memory card. When you use Local Boot as the initial boot option, you boot a default (generic) configuration file. You must then run the Quick-Start installation script to customize the default configuration file.
Understanding Tools and Options Preparing for the Initial Startup The first time you turn on an AN/ANH or ARN router, it begins a startup procedure to obtain the files it needs to operate routinely over the network.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers This section reviews the options for initial startup and lists the requirements for each startup option. “Selecting the Routine Startup Option” on page 1-16 provides similar information for routine operation. “Steps for Completing Startup Options” on page 1-18 describes the procedure for configuring a startup option.
Understanding Tools and Options • A local console or modem connection with the AN/ANH or ARN router When you use Local Boot as the initial boot option, the Site Manager connection is not yet in place. AN/ANH and ARN routers boot using the generic configuration file; then, you must run the Quick-Start installation script to customize the configuration file and save it locally (see Figure 1-6 on page 1-12). See the description of the Quick-Start installation procedure in Appendix C.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The Quick-Start procedure initially tailors the default configuration file; use Site Manager to complete the configuration. See Appendix C for more information. Selecting the Routine Startup Option This section provides information to help you select the boot configuration for routine startup operations. Recommendations Nortel Networks recommends that you do the following: • Maintain the complete software image file (an.exe or arn.
Understanding Tools and Options • Minimize the need to maintain the router’s local file system When the an AN/ANH or ARN router obtains files from a BootP server, it stores them in memory, not in its file system, reducing the need for frequent file-system compactions. (See Using Technician Interface Software or Configuring and Managing Routers Using Site Manager to learn about compacting a file system.) • Restore a corrupted file system The router’s file system resides on an installed flash memory card.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers • A TFTP server that contains the kernel file (krnl_arn.exe for the ARN or krnl_an.
Understanding Tools and Options You can use Netboot for some procedures and Local Boot for others, provided you have set up the network to support Netboot. Note: To boot an AN/ANH or ARN router over the network, all routers in the path to the BootP server must be running BayRS Version 7.60 or later. EZ-Install Complete the following steps for the EZ-Install option: 1. Use the Configuration Manager in local mode to create a complete configuration file for the router.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Netboot Complete the following steps for the Netboot option: 1. Use the Configuration Manager in local mode to create a complete configuration file for the AN/ANH or ARN router. (See Chapter 3 and Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager.) 2. Set up a UNIX workstation on the network to support BootP. (See Chapter 2.) 3. Use Site Manager to enable BootP on each router interface between the router and the BootP server. (See Chapter 3.
Understanding Tools and Options Directed Netboot Complete the following steps for the Directed Netboot option: 1. Use the Configuration Manager in local mode to create a complete configuration file for the AN/ANH or ARN router. (See Chapter 3 and Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager.) 2. Set up a network server to support TFTP. (See Chapter 2.) 3. Install the router image and/or configuration files in the TFTP server’s file system. (See Chapter 2.) 4.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Local Boot Complete the following steps for the Local Boot option: 1. Complete the Quick-Start configuration worksheets. (See Appendix C.) 2. The person at the AN/ANH or ARN router site establishes a Technician Interface session, or you establish a session using a modem. (See the hardware installation guide.) If you are not at the router console, provide the person at the console with the information in the configuration worksheets.
Chapter 2 Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server To support network booting, you need to set up a UNIX workstation on the network to run BootP and TFTP. This chapter describes what you need to do at a UNIX workstation to prepare AN/ANH and ARN routers for booting over the network. Topic Page Setting Up a BootP Server 2-2 Setting Up a TFTP Server 2-9 What to Do Next 2-13 When AN/ANH and ARN routers boot over the network, they obtain one or more of its startup files from a UNIX server.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Setting Up a BootP Server To support EZ-Install or Netboot, AN/ANH and ARN routers need a network connection to a BootP server. You configure a UNIX workstation as a BootP server by: • • Setting up BootP sockets Configuring the BootP Daemon (BootPD) Setting Up BootP Sockets A socket is a UNIX mechanism for creating virtual connections between operating-system and network processes.
Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server The AIX and HP-UX operating systems include BootPD. SunOS and Solaris do not include BootPD, so Site Manager automatically installs BootPD on Sun workstations running these operating systems. Copy the bootpd file to the /etc directory as follows: 1. Log in to the UNIX workstation as root. 2. Enter the following command: cp /usr/wf/bin/bootpd /etc Setting Up BootPD to Run To configure your workstation to run BootPD when it receives a BootP request packet: 1.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Entries in bootptab also include optional parameter tags. Nortel Networks supplies a sample bootptab file that Site Manager installs automatically in the / usr/wf/config directory. Use a copy of this sample file if you do not already have a bootptab file. To set up BootPD to respond to booting routers: 1. As root, view the contents of the /etc directory to determine if it already contains a bootptab file.
Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server • hostname is a name you assign to a BootP client (each AN/ANH or ARN router is a client). Each hostname definition must: -- Contain a maximum of 79 characters -- Contain alphanumeric characters, and an alphabetic first character -- Not contain an underscore (_) • You can use a dot (.) to separate characters, but the character immediately following the dot must be alphabetic. • tg is a BootP parameter name (tag). • Follow each tag with an equals sign (=) and a value.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 2-1. BootPD Tags for a Router Host Name (continued) Tag Required or Optional tc Optional Table 2-2. Value Example Table continuation -- a pointer to another location in the same file for additional information. This tag points to information that is common to all routers that use BootPD. If the information contradicts information in a specific host-name definition, BootPD uses the information in that definition.
Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Table 2-2. BootPD Tags for a Kernel File Name (continued) Tag Required or Optional vm Required Value Example Vendor magic cookie selector -vm=rfc1048 the BootP server should always reply in a manner compliant with RFC 1048. You must specify rfc1048 for this tag in order for the router to understand the BootP responses it receives. The sample bootptab file shown in Figure 2-1 enables two ANs (named AN.Boston and AN.Chicago) to boot over the network.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers # "bs" indicates the size of the boot file. If you specify # "auto" as the size, the BOOTP server calculates the size of # the file for each BOOTP request. :bs=auto:\ # # # # "vm" indicates that the BOOTP server should always reply in a manner compliant with RFC 1048. You must enter rfc1048 for this tag so that the AN can understand the BOOTP responses it receives.
Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Setting Up a TFTP Server AN/ANH and ARN routers need a network connection to a TFTP server to complete EZ-Install, Netboot, or Directed Netboot.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Restricting TFTP Access to Specified Directories To restrict TFTP access to a specific directory: 1. Log in to your UNIX workstation as root. 2. Insert the appropriate line in the /etc/inetd.conf file. The examples in Table 2-4 restrict access to the /tftpboot directory. You can substitute any directory you want. Table 2-4. Operating System Restricting TFTP Access to Specified Directories Sample Line to Insert in /etc/inetd.
Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server Adding a TFTP User for an HP 9000 Workstation Follow the instructions in this section only if you are running Site Manager on an HP 9000 workstation. To add a TFTP user for the HP 9000, insert the following line in your /etc/passwd file. Nortel Networks recommends that you use root (/) as the TFTP home directory. tftp:::
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers gateway is the IP address of the network destination to which packets will be addressed. hops is the number of hops to the network destination. Verifying the Routes After adding a static route for each path to an AN/ANH or ARN router, enter the following command to display the routing table and verify the routes you added: netstat -r Loading the Changes into Memory Once you modify the /etc/inetd.
Setting Up a UNIX Boot Server 3. Enter the following command, using the first number in the line after the word root (in this case, 148): kill -1 148 The inetd process rereads the /etc/inetd.conf file. What to Do Next Before you can netboot the AN/ANH or ARN router, complete the steps in Chapter 3. 308614-14.
Chapter 3 Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager This chapter describes how to use Site Manager to configure netboot services for AN/ANH and ARN routers in the network.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Preparing Configuration and Image Files AN/ANH and ARN routers ship with a flash memory card that contains a default (generic) configuration file and the an.exe or arn.exe router software image. For the AN/ANH and ARN routers in your network, you must create: • A unique configuration file for each netbooting router • A uniform software image for all netbooting routers Creating Configuration Files To prepare network configuration files: 1.
Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Table 3-1 lists the mnemonics used in AN and ANH module names. Table 3-1.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 3-3 lists the optional expansion modules available for an ARN. An expansion module is a parallel daughterboard installed on the base module. The ARN base module supports only one expansion module. Table 3-3.
Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager 2. Record the name of each configuration file and corresponding router for later reference when configuring network boot options. When you name configuration files, keep the following restrictions in mind: 3. • Nortel Networks recommends that the operational configuration file for each router be named config. If a router experiences a power failure, it boots from the file named config when power returns.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers After you open the image file, the Image Builder automatically extracts the kernel image file, application files, and string files. Keep the following in mind: 2. • Be sure to choose the correct image (an.exe for an AN/ANH, or arn.exe for an ARN). If you choose an image for another router type, you cannot generate the correct files. • The kernel file and all of the application (.exe) files and string (.
Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Site Manager Procedure (continued) You do this System responds 5. Set the following parameters: • Boot Image From Network • Boot Config From Network • Boot Server Address • Boot Image Pathname* • Boot Config Pathname Click on Help or refer to the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-2. Site Manager enables Netboot if you enable one or both of the first two parameters. 6. Click on OK. You return to the Configuration Manager window.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Adding a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface When you enable Netboot or Directed Netboot, you must add (and configure) at least one AN/ANH or ARN router circuit as a Netboot interface. If you are using EZ-Install, you do not need to configure Netboot interfaces. You can use Site Manager to add a Netboot interface. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1. In the Configuration Manager window, choose Protocols.
Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Configuring a Netboot or Directed Netboot Interface You can use Site Manager to configure a Netboot or Directed Netboot interface. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1. In the Configuration Manager window, choose Protocols. The Protocols menu opens. 2. Choose Global Protocols. The Global Protocols menu opens. 3. Choose Net Boot. The Net Boot menu opens. 4. Choose Interfaces. The Netboot Interfaces window opens. 5.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Setting Up Routing Paths for Netboot You set up the routing paths between the BootP server and the AN/ANH or ARN router by: • • • Enabling each router interface in the paths to the routers Creating a BootP relay agent forwarding table for each router in a path Creating a BootP client interface table for the upstream router when the router is on a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode Enabling Router Interfaces You must enable BootP relay (also call
Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager Booting routers Enable BOOTP on these interfaces BOOTP server Corporate backbone NPA0007A Figure 3-1. 308614-14.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers You can use Site Manager to enable BootP relay on an interface. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1. In the Configuration Manager window, click on the connector on which you want to enable BootP relay. The Edit Connector window opens. 2. Choose Edit Circuit. The Circuit Definition window opens. 3. Choose Protocols. The Protocols menu opens. 4. Choose Add. The Select Protocols window opens. 5. Choose BOOTP.
Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager You can use Site Manager to create the BootP relay agent forwarding table. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1. In the Configuration Manager window, choose Protocols. The Protocols menu opens. 2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens. 3. Choose BOOTP. The BOOTP menu opens. 4. Choose Relay Agent Interface Table. The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens.* 5. Click on Forward I/F (interface).
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Creating the BootP Client Interface Table The upstream router is the booting router’s next-hop router. By default, the booting router’s synchronous interfaces automatically try to obtain IP addresses from the upstream router. This is the EZ-Install process.
Configuring Netboot Services with Site Manager You can use Site Manager to create the BootP client interface table. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1. In the Configuration Manager window, choose Protocols. The Protocols menu opens. 2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens. 3. Choose BOOTP. The BOOTP menu opens. 4. Choose Relay Agent Interface Table. The BOOTP Relay Agent Interface Table window opens.* 5. Click on Client I/F (interface). The BOOTP Client Interface Table window opens.
Chapter 4 Configuring Netboot Client Services This chapter describes how to enable AN/ANH or ARN routers for netboot startup options using commands at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Using Netboot Configuration Commands This chapter provides instructions for using the ifconfig, bconfig, and getcfg commands to configure Netboot and Directed Netboot. If you are not configuring the router yourself, you can determine the appropriate syntax for these commands and provide the person at the router site with the exact command lines to use. To access a router command line, you need a management console connection to the router.
Configuring Netboot Client Services Setting the Boot Configuration This section describes how to use the bconfig command to configure a netboot option at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor command-line prompt. • For Netboot, you use bconfig to specify the network location of a configuration file or boot image (software image or kernel file) for the AN/ANH or ARN router to use at startup.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 4-1. bconfig Command Options (continued) Option Description Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server.
Configuring Netboot Client Services Setting the Netboot Interface Configuration This section describes how to use the ifconfig command to configure an AN/ANH or ARN router interface to support netboot options. An AN/ANH or ARN router netboots over one of its serial, Ethernet, or token ring (ARN only) interfaces. Because a router interface must have an IP address to communicate in an IP network, the netboot interface must have a valid IP address.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Table 4-2. ifconfig Command Options for a Serial Interface Option Description -d Resets the router’s IP interface options to the default values. This option tries four WAN configurations in the following order, until it finds the correct type for the router’s connection to the network: 1. Nortel Networks HDLC encapsulation (also called Nortel Networks Standard PPP) with external clocking 2. Frame Relay Annex D 3. Frame Relay LMI 4.
Configuring Netboot Client Services Configuring an Ethernet Interface for Network Booting To configure an Ethernet interface for network booting, enter the following command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt: Note: The Ethernet interface must be configured with IP to support netboot options. ifconfig [-d] [ []] Table 4-3 describes the ifconfig command options for configuring the Ethernet interface on an AN/ANH or ARN router. Table 4-3.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Configuring an ARN Token Ring Interface for Network Booting To configure an ARN token ring interface for network booting, enter the following command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt: Note: The token ring interface must be configured with IP to support netboot options.
Configuring Netboot Client Services Enabling and Disabling Interfaces with the ifconfig Command To enable or disable an AN/ANH or ARN router interface for network booting, enter the appropriate command at the Technician Interface or AN Monitor prompt: ifconfig -disable ifconfig -enable The variable specifies the IP connector you are enabling or disabling for network booting. Use one of the following formats: • xcvr • com • mau
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Verifying Your Configuration You can use the getcfg command to verify the following: • Whether the router is set to boot using a local or remote boot image • Whether the router is set to configure using a local or remote configuration file • The configuration of the serial, Ethernet, and token ring (ARN only) interfaces To display the configured startup options for an AN/ANH or ARN router, enter the following command at the Technician Interfac
Configuring Netboot Client Services What to Do Next You can now boot the AN/ANH or ARN router over the network, assuming that you have done the following: • Configured a UNIX workstation to support network booting, as described in Chapter 2 • Prepared configuration and boot image files and placed them in the appropriate locations for your boot configuration, as described in Chapter 3 Whenever you boot the router, it should start routing traffic as specified in the configuration file it obtains from the
Chapter 5 Managing ANH Repeater Ports This chapter describes how you use Site Manager to manage ANH repeater ports. Topic Page Enabling and Disabling ANH Repeater Ports 5-2 Testing and Resetting ANH Repeater Ports 5-5 308614-14.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Enabling and Disabling ANH Repeater Ports You can use Site Manager to enable or disable the ANH repeater ports. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1. In the Site Manager main window, choose The Tools menu opens. Tools. 2. Choose Configuration Manager. The Configuration Manager menu opens. 3. Choose Dynamic. The Configuration Manager window opens, displaying the real-time router hardware and software configuration. 4.
Managing ANH Repeater Ports Figure 5-1. 8-Port ANH Port Status Window Note: Port 9 is the Ethernet AUI from the ANH baseboard to the repeater. To disable the Ethernet circuit, click on Disabled for port 9. 308614-14.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Figure 5-2. 12-Port ANH Port Status Window Note: Port 13 is the Ethernet connection from the ANH baseboard to the repeater. To disable the Ethernet circuit, click on Disabled for port 13. 5-4 308614-14.
Managing ANH Repeater Ports Testing and Resetting ANH Repeater Ports You can use Site Manager to test and reset ANH repeater ports. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1. In the Site Manager main window, choose The Tools menu opens. Tools. 2. Choose Configuration Manager. The Configuration Manager menu opens. 3. Choose Dynamic. The Configuration Manager window opens, displaying the real-time router hardware and software configuration. 4. Choose Platform. The Platform menu opens. 5.
Appendix A Site Manager Parameters This appendix contains reference information for the Site Manager remote access parameters.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Netboot and Directed Netboot Parameters Parameter: Boot Image From Network Path: Default: Options: Function: Configuration Manager > Protocols > Global Protocols > Net Boot > Global Disable Enable | Disable Enables or disables retrieval of the boot image from the BootP server the next time the router starts up. Instructions: Set to Disable if you want to boot using the image in the router’s local file system.
Site Manager Parameters Parameter: Boot Server Address Path: Default: Options: Function: Configuration Manager > Protocols > Global Protocols > Net Boot > Global None A valid IP address of a TFTP server When the Boot Image From Network parameter and/or the Boot Config From Network parameter are set to Enable, this parameter specifies the TFTP server from which the router will obtain the boot image and configuration files. Instructions: Use this parameter only when configuring Directed Netboot.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Netboot Interface Parameters Parameter: Slot Path: Configuration Manager > Protocols > Global Protocols > Net Boot > Interfaces > Add Default: None Options: 1 Function: Specifies the physical slot in which the hardware module is installed. Instructions: Specify 1 as the slot. AN/ANH and ARN routers have only one slot.
Site Manager Parameters Parameter: Connector Subnet Mask Path: Default: Options: Function: Configuration Manager > Protocols > Global Protocols > Net Boot > Interfaces None Any valid IP subnet mask Specifies the network and subnetwork portion of the 32-bit IP address of this interface. The Configuration Manager automatically calculates an appropriate subnet mask, depending on the class of the network to which the interface connects. However, you can change the subnet mask using this parameter.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Parameter: Connector State Path: Default: Options: Function: Configuration Manager > Protocols > Global Protocols > Net Boot > Interfaces Enable Enable | Disable Enables or disables Netboot on this interface. When set to Enable, any settings specified for the other four parameters in the Netboot Interfaces window appear. When set to Disable, Site Manager disregards the other parameters and the router cannot Netboot.
Site Manager Parameters BootP Relay Agent Interface Parameters Parameter: Input IP Address Path: Configuration Manager > Protocols > IP > BOOTP > Relay Agent Interface Table > Forward I/F > Add Default: None Options: Any valid IP address Function: Specifies the IP interface that receives BootP request packets from an external network. This interface must have BootP configured on it. Instructions: Specify the IP address of the interface through which the router will receive BootP requests. MIB Object ID: 1.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers BootP Client Interface Address Parameters Parameter: IP Address Path: Configuration Manager > Protocols > IP > BOOTP > Relay Agent Interface Table > Client I/F > Add Default: None Options: Any valid IP address Function: Specifies the IP address of the router that is using EZ-Install. This parameter applies only to a Frame Relay PVC in group access mode. Instructions: Specify the IP address (in dotted-decimal notation) of the router interface.
Site Manager Parameters Repeater Port Group Parameters Parameter: Reset Path: Configuration Manager (Dynamic mode only) > Platform > Setup Repeater > Group Parameters Default: NO_RESET Options: NO_RESET | RESET Function: Resets the repeater. The Configuration Manager tests each repeater port and indicates in a log file whether the ports pass the diagnostics. The reset does not affect the management counters defined in the RFC 1516 MIB specification, nor does it affect the status of the ports.
Appendix B Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Use the information in this appendix to resolve problems directly related to startup and connectivity with remote routers. Topic Page Solving Startup Problems B-1 Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems B-8 Resolving Connectivity Problems B-10 Maintaining the Router Software B-17 Hints and Notes B-19 Note: For other troubleshooting information, see Troubleshooting Routers.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Router Fails to Get IP Address If a message at the AN/ANH or ARN router console indicates that the router failed to get an IP address from the upstream router, or that the upstream router is unable to receive BootP requests, ensure that the network cable between the AN/ ANH or ARN router’s synchronous port and the upstream router is firmly connected.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Router Fails to Netboot If the AN/ANH or ARN router fails to receive the configuration file or boot image using a netboot option, first do the following: • Ensure that all cables between the router and the BootP server are firmly connected. • If using the ifconfig command, be sure to specify the boot image file krnl_an.exe for an AN/ANH or krnl_arn.exe for an ARN.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Router Not Sending BootP Responses If a router between the AN/ANH or ARN router and the BootP server is receiving BootP requests but is failing to send BootP responses, do the following: 1. Use Site Manager to ensure that the BootP relay agent forwarding table associated with the router shows an IP address that is configured on the IP router. 2. Ensure that the input IP address is correct.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Router Fails to Perform Directed Netboot If the AN/ANH or ARN router fails to perform Directed Netboot, verify the following: • The interface that connects the router to the TFTP file server is configured with an IP address. • All required files reside on the TFTP file server. • The boot image file is krnl_an.exe for an AN/ANH or krnl_arn.exe for an ARN. Contact the Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Center if you cannot find and correct the problem.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers 5. Use Technician Interface commands to verify or correct the status of the synchronous, Ethernet, or token ring connectors used for network booting. For instructions, see Using Technician Interface Software. Examples of AN/ANH or ARN router commands and responses follow, as well as some connector and interface settings you should consider. • Enter the following command to display the router driver: get wfLinkModules.15.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Use the set command to correct settings, if necessary. For example, if the router has a token ring port and the wfDrivers.wfTMS380Load.0 setting is not 2147483648, enter the following command to correct it: set wfDrivers.wfTMS380Load.0 2147483648;commit • If the router is netbooting with a synchronous interface, enter the following command to display information about the interface, where connector is the interface connector number: get wfSyncEntry.*.1.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Identifying Remote Connectivity Problems The sections that follow provide guidelines for isolating a router addressing problem or a netboot problem.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Guidelines for Using Packet Capture Use the Packet Capture utility to view incoming or outgoing BootP or TFTP packets and isolate errors to a specific router interface. This utility is available through the Technician Interface on routers running BayRS Version 7.80 or later. See Using Technician Interface Software for instructions on how to use Packet Capture. See Configuring SNMP, BootP, DHCP, and RARP Services for a description of BootP packets.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers • If the BootP server is not receiving requests, ensure that the upstream router is receiving and forwarding them. If the upstream router is receiving, verify that each router interface between the upstream router and the BootP server is receiving and forwarding the requests. If the BootP server is receiving requests but is failing to respond, see “Router Fails to Netboot” on page B-3.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems The following sample response shows the default settings for an AN/ANH with one Ethernet interface and two synchronous interfaces: Boot Options boot image=local boot config=network Netboot Parameters: XCVR1..None COM1...EZ-Install COM2...EZ-Install The following sample response shows the settings for an ARN with one Ethernet interface, one token ring interface, and five synchronous interfaces: Boot Options boot image=local boot config=network Netboot Parameters: MAU1.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The possible settings for synchronous connectors are as follows: (the default setting) • EZ-Install • The IP address, next-hop IP address, subnet mask, and WAN protocol (Nortel Networks Standard PPP or Frame Relay) The possible settings for Ethernet connectors are as follows: • None (the default setting) • The IP address with subnet mask and next-hop IP address (if you configured one) The possible settings for token ring connectors are as
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems 3. Compare the bootptab file with the sample bootptab file in Chapter 2 (see Figure 2-1 on page 2-8) and correct any inconsistency. 4. If you cannot find an inconsistency, boot the router and view the bootpd debugger messages to determine the cause of the error. Table B-1 provides an example of the sequence of messages when a BootP exchange is successful. Table B-1. BootP Messages Message Explanation hostname:/etc> request from IP addr 192.16.24.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Verifying the BootP Server Setup This section describes what to do if the BootP server is receiving BootP requests but is failing to respond, or is failing to forward the kernel, configuration, application, or string files. Verify the BootP server setup as follows: 1. Ensure that the kernel file and all of the application (.exe) files are in the same directory. You can place these files in any directory you want.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Note that /$HOME/.builder_dir/rel/an is the default location of the kernel file and all application and string files for the AN/ANH. The default location of the kernel file and all application and string files for the ARN is /$HOME/.builder_dir/rel/arn. 5. Ensure that the bootptab file contains a definition for the router that is failing to netboot. 6. Ensure that the configuration file name and path are correct in the bootptab file.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Displaying the Number of Packets Forwarded and Dropped This section describes how to display the number of BootP packets forwarded and dropped by a router. Perform this procedure for each router between the AN/ANH or ARN router and the BootP server. You can use either the Statistics Manager Quick Get tool or the Technician Interface get command to retrieve this information.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Maintaining the Router Software The AN/ANH or ARN router file system resides on the flash memory card, which is not user serviceable. You use Technician Interface commands to maintain the local file system on the AN/ANH or ARN router flash memory card. For more information, see Using Technician Interface Software and Using Technician Interface Scripts. Caution: Be very careful when you use the format command.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Restoring a Local File System If the AN/ANH or ARN router’s local file system becomes corrupted, you must restore it by upgrading the software image. If the router resets, reboots, or loses power while restoring or compacting its flash memory card, it automatically netboots the configuration file and software image. (You must already have the network set up for Netboot or Directed Netboot to succeed.
Troubleshooting Network Boot Problems Hints and Notes This section contains the following important information: • Setup Hints • Implementation Notes Setup Hints This section contains hints for setting up an AN/ANH or ARN router. • Nortel Networks recommends that you first install an AN/ANH or ARN router in the same site as your BootP server, Site Manager workstation, and other Nortel Networks routers to test the software image, configuration file, and routing path.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Implementation Notes This section contains notes for operating an AN/ANH or ARN router at a remote site. B-20 • If you use TFTP to upgrade or restore the router’s file system, be sure to specify the software image file (an.exe for the AN/ANH or arn.exe for the ARN). • Nortel Networks supports BootP service on UNIX workstations, but not PCs.
Appendix C Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure The Quick-Start procedure connects a new AN/ANH or ARN router to a managed network using the Local Boot option and a default configuration file. If you have read Chapter 1 and want to use Quick-Start to connect an AN/ANH or ARN router to Site Manager for the first time, use the worksheets in this appendix to gather the network information required to complete the procedure. Be sure to fill out the worksheets before you begin the Quick-Start procedure.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers What Is Quick-Start? The Quick-Start procedure is the initial startup configuration, which does the following: • • Enables IP so that the router can connect to Site Manager Starts a locally booted router running on the network You perform the Quick-Start procedure by running the install.bat script (for an AN/ANH) or the inst_arn.bat script (for an ARN), and entering information at the prompts.
Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure Nortel Networks recommends that you fill out the worksheets as follows: 1. Fill out the Global Information worksheet completely. This worksheet lists options common to all synchronous interface configurations. 2. After you record your protocol selections on the Global Information worksheet, fill out one Router Protocol worksheet. This worksheet lists options for RIP, OSPF, and static route configurations.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Global Information Worksheet This section contains the prompts and options for all AN/ANH or ARN router synchronous configurations. Global Information Worksheet Prompt Options Your Response Enter the module number [1]: AN/ANH only: Because the AN/ANH is not a Enter the number that link module, the router bypasses this step corresponds to the and automatically accepts a default slot of 1. module you want to use.
Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure Global Information Worksheet (continued) Prompt Options Enter clock source number [2]: 1. Internal 2. External Enter clock speed number [10]: This prompt appears only if you chose an internal clock source. Your Response The script lists a range of values, with 64K as the default. Enter circuit name [S#]: The script displays a default circuit name for Press the [Return] key. the COM interface you selected (for example, S11 for COM1 and S12 for COM2).
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Global Information Worksheet (continued) Prompt Options Enter (FTP) volume number [1]: The script automatically selects 1 as the FTP default volume. Do you want to enable TI TELNET (y/n) [n]: y(es) n(o) Your Response Enabling Telnet is optional. Do you wish to save this configuration to a file? (y/n) [y] y(es) n(o) Press the [Return] key. Enter filename [startup.cfg]: Nortel Networks recommends using the default file name, startup.cfg.
Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure OSPF Worksheet Prompt Options Enter OSPF router ID in dotted decimal notation: Enter an IP address to uniquely identify the router in the OSPF domain. The script provides the IP address of the COM port as the default. Nortel Networks suggests using the default IP address. Your Response ARN only: When using the script to configure OSPF on more than one COM port, do not accept the default IP address. Enter the same address for each port.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers OSPF Worksheet (continued) Prompt Options Enter decimal value in seconds for Hello Interval [10]: The script suggests the following intervals: Your Response Broadcast -- 10 seconds Point-to-Point -- 15 seconds NBMA -- 20 seconds Point-to-Multipoint --10 seconds Note: This value must match all other interfaces in the OSPF area for the connection to occur.
Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure Static Route to Site Manager Worksheet Prompt Options Destination Network [0.0.0.0]: Enter the gateway address of the destination network. An address of 0.0.0.0 specifies the default route. Destination Network Mask [0.0.0.0]: Enter the subnet mask of the destination network. A mask of 0.0.0.0 specifies the default route. Next-Hop Address: Enter a next-hop address. All static routes require a next-hop address in the same subnet as the initial IP interface.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers Nortel Networks Proprietary PPP Worksheet Prompt Options Enter BofL (Breath of Life) timer value (1-60) [5]: Enter the maximum amount of time between the transmission of BofL messages. Enter Local Address selection [3]: 1. DCE 2. DTE 3. EXPLICIT Your Response Note: Reverse the local and remote address values when configuring the device at the other end of the circuit.
Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure Frame Relay Worksheet Prompt Options Enter Management type [3]: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. DLCMI None Rev 1 LMI ANSI T1 617D CCITT Annex A LMI Switch Annex D Switch Annex A Switch Enter addressing type [4]: 1. 2. 3. 4. ADDR Q.921 ADDR Q.922 (MARCH ’90) ADDR Q.922 (NOVEMBER ’90) ADDR Q.922 Enter address field length [2]: 2. Two Bytes 3. Three Bytes 4. Four Bytes Enter DLCI number [30]: Enter the permanent virtual circuit (PVC) number.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers PPP Worksheet (continued) Prompt Options Enable CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)? (y/n) [n]: y(es) n(o) Your Response Note: If you answer y(es), the script requests a CHAP secret for this interface. Does the Remote Peer have PAP authentication enabled? (y/n) [n]: y(es) n(o) Note: If you answer y(es), the script requests the PAP ID and password for the remote interface.
Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure SMDS Worksheet Requested Information Options Enter 10-digit individual address: Enter the individual address assigned by your SMDS service provider. Enter 10-digit group address: Enter the group address assigned by your SMDS service provider. Enter 10-digit arp address: Enter the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) address assigned by your SMDS service provider.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers If the line appears in the command display, proceed to step 5; otherwise, do the following: a. Enter bconfig config local. For information about the bconfig command, see “Setting the Boot Configuration” in Chapter 4. b. Restart the router by entering boot. The Technician Interface login prompt appears. c. Enter Manager to log in. The Technician Interface command-line prompt appears. 5. Enter dir to check the contents of the flash memory card.
Using the Quick-Start Local Boot Procedure Table C-1. Quick-Start Commands Task Action Details Accept a default value Press [Return] Your console displays default values in brackets; for example, [E11]. Repeat a step (for Press [Control]-c; example, if you make then, type n a mistake) When you press [Control]-c, the script prompts Terminate script y/n? Type n to return to the beginning of the step so that you can reenter the information.
Configuring Remote Access for AN and Passport ARN Routers The script begins to test the IP configuration (Figure C-1). Testing local IP interface ping -IP 192.32.00.000 -r5 IP ping: 192.32.00.000 is IP ping: 192.32.00.000 is IP ping: 192.32.00.000 is IP ping: 192.32.00.000 is IP ping: 192.32.00.000 is alive alive alive alive alive (size (size (size (size (size - 16 16 16 16 16 bytes) bytes) bytes) bytes) bytes) This test attempts to ping the Site Manager workstation.
Index Symbols /etc/inetd.conf file, 2-9, 2-10 /etc/services file, 2-2 /tftpboot directory, 2-10 /usr/wf/config directory, 2-4 B bconfig command examples, 4-4 format, 4-3 bf (boot file) tag, in bootptab file, 2-6 A acronyms, xv address.
debugging, B-12 displaying IP routes, B-15 location of files, 3-5 not receiving BootP requests, B-4 required for startup options, 1-4 responses, failure of, B-2 troubleshooting, B-4, B-14 BootPD copying, 2-2 debugger tool, B-12 linking to TFTPD, 2-10 send and receive sockets, 2-2 bootpd debugger tool, B-12 bootpd.
configuring boot client, 4-1 interfaces for, 3-1 server location, 4-3 UNIX server, 2-1 description, 1-4 ifconfig command, 4-9 requirements, 1-4 DLCI and IP address pair creating in client interface table, 3-14 example, 1-7 forwarding table.
troubleshooting, B-4 L initial startup options, 1-13 Input IP Address parameter, 3-13, A-7 inst_arn.
defined, 1-15, C-2 inst_arn.bat script, C-14 install.bat script, C-14 running, C-13 using, C-14 worksheets for, C-2 to C-13 BootP client interface table, 3-14 ifconfig options, 4-6 Quick-Start worksheets, C-9 O operating systems, 2-3 options for obtaining startup files application files, 1-3 string files, 1-3 R options for obtaining the IP address Directed Netboot, 1-5 EZ-Install, 1-5 Local Boot, 1-12 Netboot, 1-5 relay agent forwarding table.
restoring, B-18, B-20 testing, B-19 upgrading, B-17 software, configuration AN Monitor, 1-2 Optivity, 1-1 Site Manager, 1-1 Technician Interface, 1-2 Solaris copying BootPD, 2-3 TFTPD access, 2-9 startup options completing, 1-18 displaying, 4-10, B-10 initial coordinating with remote site, 1-13 EZ-Install, 1-19 Local Boot, 1-22 Netboot, 1-20, 1-21 routine Directed Netboot, 1-17, 1-18 Local Boot, 1-18 Netboot, 1-16 See also Directed Netboot, EZ-Install, Local Boot, Netboot selecting routine, 1-16 summary, 1-
V vendor magic field, 2-7, B-13 versions of software, 1-19, 1-20, 3-6, B-20 vm (vendor magic) tag, in bootptab file, 2-7 volume, specifying, B-17 W wfBootpRelayIntfEntry, B-16 wfCSMACDEntry, B-7 wfDrivers, B-6 wfSyncEntry, B-7 wfTokenRingEntry, B-7 308614-14.