User Guide

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Service Manual

RM-431 (Nokia 5630 XpressMusic;L3&4)

Mobile Terminal

Part No: (Issue 1)

Nokia Customer Care

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

Summary of content (196 pages)

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RM-431 Copyright Copyright Copyright © 2008 Nokia. All rights reserved. Reproduction, transfer, distribution or storage of part or all of the contents in this document in any form without the prior written permission of Nokia is prohibited. Nokia, Nokia Connecting People, and Nokia X and Y are trademarks or registered trademarks of Nokia Corporation. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or tradenames of their respective owners.
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RM-431 Warnings and cautions Warnings and cautions Warnings • IF THE DEVICE CAN BE INSTALLED IN A VEHICLE, CARE MUST BE TAKEN ON INSTALLATION IN VEHICLES FITTED WITH ELECTRONIC ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND ANTI-SKID BRAKING SYSTEMS. UNDER CERTAIN FAULT CONDITIONS, EMITTED RF ENERGY CAN AFFECT THEIR OPERATION. IF NECESSARY, CONSULT THE VEHICLE DEALER/ MANUFACTURER TO DETERMINE THE IMMUNITY OF VEHICLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS TO RF ENERGY.
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RM-431 For your safety For your safety QUALIFIED SERVICE Only qualified personnel may install or repair phone equipment. ACCESSORIES AND BATTERIES Use only approved accessories and batteries. Do not connect incompatible products. CONNECTING TO OTHER DEVICES When connecting to any other device, read its user’s guide for detailed safety instructions. Do not connect incompatible products. Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 ESD protection ESD protection Nokia requires that service points have sufficient ESD protection (against static electricity) when servicing the phone. Any product of which the covers are removed must be handled with ESD protection. The SIM card can be replaced without ESD protection if the product is otherwise ready for use. To replace the covers ESD protection must be applied. All electronic parts of the product are susceptible to ESD. Resistors, too, can be damaged by static electricity discharge.
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RM-431 Care and maintenance Care and maintenance This product is of superior design and craftsmanship and should be treated with care. The suggestions below will help you to fulfil any warranty obligations and to enjoy this product for many years. • Keep the phone and all its parts and accessories out of the reach of small children. • Keep the phone dry. Precipitation, humidity and all types of liquids or moisture can contain minerals that will corrode electronic circuits.
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RM-431 Company policy Company policy Our policy is of continuous development; details of all technical modifications will be included with service bulletins. While every endeavour has been made to ensure the accuracy of this document, some errors may exist. If any errors are found by the reader, NOKIA MOBILE PHONES Business Group should be notified in writing/email.
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RM-431 Battery information Battery information Note: A new battery's full performance is achieved only after two or three complete charge and discharge cycles! The battery can be charged and discharged hundreds of times but it will eventually wear out. When the operating time (talk-time and standby time) is noticeably shorter than normal, it is time to buy a new battery. Use only batteries approved by the phone manufacturer and recharge the battery only with the chargers approved by the manufacturer.
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RM-431 Nokia 5630 XpressMusic;L3&4 Service Manual Structure Nokia 5630 XpressMusic;L3&4 Service Manual Structure 1 General Information 2 Service Tools and Service Concepts 3 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 4 RF Troubleshooting 5 Camera Module Troubleshooting 6 System Module Glossary Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 General Information Table of Contents Product selection....................................................................................................................................................1–5 Product features and sales package.....................................................................................................................1–6 Product and module list ......................................................................................................................
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RM-431 General Information Product selection RM-431 is a HSDPA/WCDMA/GSM tri-mode handportable phone with a monoblock form factor. It supports EGSM850/900/1800/1900 and WCDMA900/2100 bands, and CSD/HSCSD, GPRS/EGPRS, WCDMA/HSDPA data bearers. For WCDMA the maximum bit rate is up to 384 kbit/s for downlink and 384 kbit/s for uplink with simultaneous CS speech or CS video (max. 64 kbit/s). The HSDPA peak is 10.2Mbps and HSUPA peak is 2Mbps (with limited use cases).
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RM-431 General Information Product features and sales package Bearers and transport • CSD, HSCSD • GPRS/EGPRS Class B, Multi slot class 32 • Dual Transfer Mode (DTM) class A, multi slot class 11 • WCDMA DL 384kbit/s, UL 384 kbit/s • HSDPA up to 10.2Mbps, HSUPA 2Mbps Connectivity • WLAN 802.11 b/g (with UPnP support) • Bluetooth 2.0 with stereo audio profiles (A2DP and AVRCP) • High Speed USB with micro USB connector • MicroSD memory card - support up to 8GB • 3.
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RM-431 General Information • Web Browser (OSS), Java ™ MIDP 2.0, XHTML browsing over TCP/IP Messaging • Email (SMTP, IMAP4, POP3) • SMS, MMS (OMA 1.3) • Audio Messaging (AMS) Voice • Rich Calls: 2-way video conferencing (video call), video sharing • Voice commands, enhanced voice dialling (SIND) • Audio message reader for text messages and E-mail • VoIP calls Add-on software framework • Symbian OS • Nokia Series 60, 3rd edition, feature pack 3.2 • Java: MIDP2.
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RM-431 General Information Mobile enhancements Table 1 Audio Enhancement Headsets (stereo) Type HS-45 + AD-54 (inbox) WH-500 WH-600 Wireless headsets (BT stereo) BH-503 BH-504 Table 2 Car Enhancement Type Car navigation Nokia 500 Auto Navigation Car kit CK-7W CK-15W CK-100 CK-300 (BT & plug-in) CK-600 FM transmitter CA-300 Holder CR-39 CR-82 CR-99 Mobile charger DC-6 Mobile holder easy mount HH-12 HH-17 Plug-in car handsfree HF-200 HF-300 HF-310 HF-510 Table 3 Data Enhancement Type
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RM-431 General Information Enhancement Type MicroSD card, 8GB MU-43 MicroSD card, 16GB MU-44 Mini USB connectivity adapter cable CA-101 USB charging connectivity cable CA-126 Table 4 Messaging Enhancement Wireless keyboard Type SU-8W Table 5 Multimedia Enhancement Standalone DVB-H receiver Type SU-33W Table 6 Music Enhancement Bluetooth speakers Type MD-5W (BT & plug-in) MD-7W (BT & plug-in) Music speakers MD-4 MD-6 MD-8 Table 7 Navigation Enhancement Wireless GPS module Type LD-3W LD
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RM-431 General Information Technical specifications Transceiver general specifications Unit Dimensions (L x W x T) (mm) Transceiver with BL-4CT 860mAh Li-ion battery back 112 x 46 x 11,5 Weight (g) Volume (cm3) 87 54 Main RF characteristics for GSM850/900/1800/1900 and WCDMA VIII (900) and WCDMA I (2100) phones Parameter Unit Cellular system GSM850, EGSM900, GSM1800/1900, WCDMA VIII (900) and WCDMA I (2100) Rx frequency band GSM850: 869 - 894 MHz EGSM900: 925 - 960 MHz GSM1800: 1805 - 1880 MHz
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RM-431 General Information Parameter Unit Number of RF channels GSM850: 124 GSM900: 174 GSM1800: 374 GSM1900: 299 WCDMA VIII (900): 152 WCDMA I (2100): 277 Channel spacing 200 kHz Number of Tx power levels GSM850: 15 GSM900: 15 GSM1800: 16 GSM1900: 16 WCDMA VIII (900): 75 WCDMA I (2100): 75 Battery endurance Battery BL-4CT Capacity (mAh) 860 Talk time Stand-by Up to 7 h (GSM) Up to 400 h (GSM) Up to 4 h (WCDMA) Up to 400 h (WCDMA) Environmental conditions Temperature conditions Environmenta
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RM-431 General Information The HW module is not protected against water. Condensed or splashed water might cause malfunction. Any submerge of the phone will cause permanent damage. Long-term high humidity, with condensation, will cause permanent damage because of corrosion. Vibration The module should withstand the following vibrations: • 5 - 10 Hz; +10dB / octave • 10 - 50 Hz; 5.58 m2 / s3 (0.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Table of Contents Service tools............................................................................................................................................................2–5 Product specific tools........................................................................................................................................2–5 FS-90 ..............................................................................................................
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Service concepts .................................................................................................................................................. 2–19 POS (Point of Sale) flash concept .................................................................................................................. 2–19 Flash concept with FPS-10..........................................................................................................................
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Service tools Product specific tools The table below gives a short overview of service devices that can be used for testing, error analysis, and repair of product RM-431. For the correct use of the service devices, and the best effort of workbench setup, please refer to various concepts. FS-90 Flash adapter For flashing (also dead phones) with SS-64.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts SA-166 RF coupler SA-166 is an RF coupler for WCDMA and GSM RF testing. It is used together with the product-specific flash adapter. The following table shows attenuations from the antenna pads of the mobile terminal to the SMA connectors of SA-166 . The setup used for measuring the values is SA-166 + FS-90 + CU-4.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts RJ-160 Rework jig RJ-160 is a rework jig used when servicing the WCDMA duplexer (Z7540). It is used together with the ST-55 stencil. RJ-209 Rework jig RJ-209 is used as a rework jig for the WLAN 4.0 module This stencil takes the WLAN 4.0 module for spreading soldering paste onto the component. This must be used together with the ST-64 rework stencil. RJ-227 Rework jig RJ-227 is a rework jig used when servicing the BTHFM module (D6000).
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts RJ-93 Rework jig RJ-93 is used as a rework jig for the Front End Module (FEM). This rework jig takes the FEM or power amplifier (PA) module (N7520) for spreading the soldering paste to the component. Must be used together with the ST-40 stencil. ST-29 rework stencil ST-29 is a rework stencil used when servicing the N1400 component. It is used together with rework jig RJ-73.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts ST-70 Rework stencil ST-70 rework stencil is used with RJ-227 rework jig to service the BTHFM module (D6000). ST-71 Rework stencil ST-71 is a rework stencil used when servicing the WCDMA PA (N7540) component. It is used together with rework jig RJ-228. General tools The table below gives a short overview of service devices that can be used for testing, error analysis, and repair of product RM-431.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts CU-4 Control unit CU-4 is a general service tool used with a module jig and/or a flash adapter. It requires an external 12 V power supply. The unit has the following features: • software controlled via USB • EM calibration function • Forwards FBUS/Flashbus traffic to/from terminal • Forwards USB traffic to/from terminal • software controlled BSI values • regulated VBATT voltage • 2 x USB2.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts FLS-5 Flash device FLS-5 is a dongle and flash device incorporated into one package, developed specifically for POS use. Note: FLS-5 can be used as an alternative to PKD-1.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts FPS-21 Flash prommer FPS-21 sales package: • FPS-21 prommer • AC-35 power supply • CA-31D USB cable FPS-21 interfaces: Front • Service cable connector Provides Flashbus, USB and VBAT connections to a mobile device. • SmartCard socket A SmartCard is needed to allow DCT-4 generation mobile device programming. Rear • DC power input For connecting the external power supply (AC-35).
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts PK-1 Software protection key PK-1 is a hardware protection key with a USB interface. It has the same functionality as the PKD-1 series dongle. PK-1 is meant for use with a PC that does not have a series interface. To use this USB dongle for security service functions please register the dongle in the same way as the PKD-1 series dongle.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts SPS-1 Soldering Paste Spreader The SPS-1 allows spreading of solder to the LGA components pads over the rework stencils. SPS-2 Soldering paste spreader SRT-6 Opening tool SRT-6 is used to open phone covers. SS-46 Interface adapter SS-46 acts as an interface adapter between the flash adapter and FPS-10. Page 2 –14 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts SS-62 Generic flash adapter base for BB5 • generic base for flash adapters and couplers • SS-62 equipped with a clip interlock system • provides standardised interface towards Control Unit • provides RF connection using galvanic connector or coupler • multiplexing between USB and FBUS media, controlled by VUSB SS-88 Camera removal tool The camera removal tool SS-88 is used to remove/attach the camera module from/to the socket.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts CA-31D USB cable The CA-31D USB cable is used to connect FPS-10 or FPS-11 to a PC. It is included in the FPS-10 and FPS-11 sales packages. CA-35S Power cable CA-35S is a power cable for connecting, for example, the FPS-10 flash prommer to the Point-Of-Sales (POS) flash adapter. CA-58RS RF tuning cable Product-specific adapter cable for RF tuning. • Table 9 Attenuation values Band Page 2 –16 Attenuation Rx/Tx GSM850/900 0.2...0.3 dB GSM1800/1900 0.3..
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts CA-89DS Cable Provides VBAT and Flashbus connections to mobile device programming adapters. DAU-9S MBUS cable The MBUS cable DAU-9S has a modular connector and is used, for example, between the PC's serial port and module jigs, flash adapters or docking station adapters. Note: Docking station adapters valid for DCT4 products.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts XCS-4 Modular cable XCS-4 is a shielded (one specially shielded conductor) modular cable for flashing and service purposes. XRS-6 RF cable The RF cable is used to connect, for example, a module repair jig to the RF measurement equipment. SMA to N-Connector approximately 610 mm. Attenuation for: • GSM850/900: 0.3+-0.1 dB • GSM1800/1900: 0.5+-0.1 dB • WCDMA/WLAN: 0.6+-0.1dB Page 2 –18 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Service concepts POS (Point of Sale) flash concept Type Description Product specific tools BL-4CT Battery Other tools FLS-5 POS flash dongle PC with Phoenix service software Cables CA-101 Issue 1 Micro USB cable COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Flash concept with FPS-10 Figure 2 Basic flash concept with FPS-10 Type Description Product specific devices FS-90 Flash adapter Other devices FPS-10 Flash prommer box PKD-1/PK-1 SW security device SS-46 Interface adapter PC with Phoenix service software Cables XCS-4 Modular cable CA-35S Power cable USB cable Page 2 –20 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Flash concept with FPS-21 Figure 3 Basic flash concept with FPS-21 Type Description Product specific devices FS-90 Flash adapter Other devices FPS-21 Flash prommer box AC-35 Power supply PK-1/PKD-1 SW security device SS-46 Interface adapter PC with Phoenix service software Cables CA-89DS Service cable USB cable Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts CU-4 flash concept with FPS-10 Figure 4 CU-4 flash concept with FPS-10 Type Description Product specific devices FS-90 Flash adapter Other devices CU-4 Control unit FPS-10 Flash prommer box PKD-1/PK-1 SW security device SS-62 Flash adapter base SX-4 Smart card PC with Phoenix service software Cables PCS-1 Power cable XCS-4 Modular cable Standard USB cable USB cable Page 2 –22 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts CU-4 flash concept with FPS-21 Figure 5 CU-4 flash concept with FPS-21 Type Description Product specific devices FS-90 Flash adapter Other devices CU-4 Control unit FPS-21 Flash prommer box AC-35 Power supply PK-1/PKD-1 SW security device SS-62 Flash adapter base SX-4 Smart card (for DCT-4 generation mobile device programming) PC with Phoenix service software Cables PCS-1 Power cable CA-89DS Service cable Standard USB cable Issue 1 COMPANY CO
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Type Description USB cable Module jig service concept Figure 6 Module jig service concept Type Description Phone specific tools MJ-187 Module jig Other tools CU-4 Control unit FPS-10 Flash prommer box PKD-1/PK-1 SW security device SX-4 Smart card PC with Phoenix service software Measurement equipment Cables CA-58RS RF service cable (product-specific adapter cable) PCS-1 DC power cable XCS-4 Modular cable XRS-6 RF cable Page 2 –24 COMPANY CON
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Type Description USB cable GPIB control cable RF testing concept with RF coupler Figure 7 RF testing concept with RF coupler Type Description Product specific devices FS-90 Flash adapter SA-166 RF coupler Other devices CU-4 Control unit SX-4 Smart card FPS-10 Flash prommer box PKD-1/PK-1 SW security device SS-62 Flash adapter base Measurement equipment PC with Phoenix service software Cables Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Type Description PCS-1 Power cable XCS-4 Modular cable XRS-6 RF cable GPIB control cable USB cable RF testing / BB tuning concept Figure 8 RF testing / BB tuning concept Type Description Product specific tools FS-90 Flash adapter SA-166 RF coupler Other tools CU-4 Control unit PKD-1/PK-1 SW security device SS-62 Flash adapter base SX-4 Smart card Measurement equipment Page 2 –26 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Type Description Smart card reader PC with Phoenix service software Cables DAU-9s MBUS cable PCS-1 DC power cable XRS-6 RF cable USB cable BB/RF tuning concept with module jig Type Description Product specific tools MJ-187 Module jig Other tools CU-4 Control unit PKD-1 SW security device SX-4 Smart card PC with Phoenix service software Smart card reader Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Type Description Cables DAU-9S MBUS cable PCS-1 Power cable XRS-6 RF cable USB cable Bluetooth testing concept with SB-6 Figure 9 Service concept for RF testing and RF/BB tuning Type Description Product specific devices FS-90 Flash adapter Other devices CU-4 Control unit SS-62 Flash adapter base PK-1 SW security device SX-4 Smart card SB-6 Bluetooth test and interface box Smart card reader PC with Phoenix service software Page 2 –28 COMPANY
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RM-431 Service Tools and Service Concepts Type Description Cables DAU-9S MBUS cable PCS-1 DC power cable USB cable WLAN functionality testing concept with SB-7 Figure 10 WLAN functionality testing concept with SB-7 Type Description Product specific tools FS-90 Flash adapter Other tools CU-4 Control unit PCS-1 DC power cable PK-1 SW Security device SS-62 Generic base adapter Cables PCS-1 Power cable DAU-9S Cable Standard USB cable Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Table of Contents Baseband self tests in Phoenix .............................................................................................................................3–5 Cuttable BB shield...................................................................................................................................................3–7 Power and charging troubleshooting................................................................................
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide WLAN functionality test using SB-7 and Phoenix........................................................................................ 3–60 WLAN layout and test points......................................................................................................................... 3–60 WLAN self tests ...............................................................................................................................................
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Baseband self tests in Phoenix Context Always start the troubleshooting procedure by running the Phoenix self tests. If a test fails, please follow the diagram below. If the phone is dead and you cannot perform the self tests, go to Dead or jammed device troubleshooting. Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Cuttable BB shield Many of the key BB components in RM-431 are under a mini can, which can be cut open for reworking purposes. The location of the mini can on the main PWB is shown in the figure below. Figure 11 Cuttable BB shield on the top side of the main PWB Before reworking any μBGA under this mini can, the ribs of the can must be cut open very carefully with ESD tweezers at specific break points shown in the figure below.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Power and charging troubleshooting Dead or jammed device troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow - Page 1 of 2 Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide General voltage checking troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow - Page 1 of 2 Page 3 –12 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide General power checking Check the following voltages: Signal Rename Regulator Sleep Idle Nominal voltage Main user Notes VIO Gazoo ON ON 1.8 Memory, I/Os, Display VBACK Gazoo ON ON 2.5 Back-up battery VSIM1 Gazoo ON ON 1.8/3.0 SIM card VAUX1 Gazoo ON ON 2.8 Display VAUX2 Gazoo OFF OFF 2.5 ALS VANA Gazoo ON ON 2.5 Audio VR1 Gazoo OFF ON 2.5 Crystal oscillators VRFC Gazoo OFF ON 1.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Battery current measuring fault troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow Page 3 –16 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Interface troubleshooting Flash programming fault troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow - Page 1 of 2 Page 3 –18 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Troubleshooting flow - Page 2 of 2 Figure 14 Flashing pic 1. Take single trig measurement for the rise of the BSI signal Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Figure 15 Flashing pic 2. Take single trig measurement for the rise of the BSI signal Page 3 –20 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide USB data interface troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow - Page 1 of 2 Page 3 –24 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Troubleshooting flow - Page 2 of 2 User interface troubleshooting Keyboard and side keys troubleshooting Context There are two possible failure modes in the keyboard module: • One or more keys are stuck, so that the key does not react when a keydome or a side key is pressed. This kind of failure is caused by mechanical reasons (dirt, rust, mechanical damage, etc.) Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide • Malfunction of several keys at the same time. This happens when one or more rows or columns in the key matrix are failing (shortcut or open connection). If the failure mode is not clear, start with the Keyboard test in Phoenix. In this phone the keyboard is connected to D2800 I/O pins. Troubleshooting flow Page 3 –26 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Keyboard and music key/indicator LEDs troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow Display module troubleshooting General instructions for display troubleshooting Context • The display is in a normal mode when the phone is in active use. • The operating modes of the display can be controlled with the help of Phoenix. Table 10 Display module troubleshooting cases Display blank Issue 1 There is no image on the display.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Image on the display not correct Image on the display can be corrupted or a part of the image can be missing. • If a part of the image is missing, change the display module. • If the image is otherwise corrupted, follow the display fault troubleshooting flowchart. Backlight dim or not working at all Backlight LED components are inside the display module.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Ambient Light Sensor troubleshooting and re-calibration Introduction to ALS troubleshooting and re-calibration The Ambient Light Sensor (ALS) consists of the following components: • Ambient Light Sensor (N1100). ALS is a digital I2C interface component that has two channels with different spectral sensitivities. When combined, the component responds to illuminance similar as human eye.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 2. Scan product on Phoenix (CTRL+R) 3. Choose Testing→Display test. 4. Open the Lights tab, and check the Ambient light sensor check box. Click the Read button in order to get the reference ambient light value. Cover the sensor and click Read again. When covered, the luminance reading should be less than after clicking Read without covering the sensor. 5.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Calibrating ALS Steps 1. Connect the phone to Phoenix, start the Phoenix software, and set the phone (e.g. on the table) so that the ambient light visible to ALS is stable. The light quide of the ALS is located on the upper part of the phone’s front cover, right next to the secondary camera. 2. Scan product on Phoenix (CTRL+R) 3. Choose Testing→Ambient Light Sensor Calibration. 4.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 9. Use Phoenix (Testing→Display test→Lights tab) to verify the calibration by reading the luminance value for both the reference phone and calibrated phone. Note: Remember that the illuminance readings for the reference and calibrated phones must be done in the same ambient light conditions. If the illuminance values differ more than +- 10%, repeat the whole ALS calibration procedure. 10. To end the calibration, click Close.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Loop test Input terminal Output terminal External Mic to External Earpiece XMICP and GND HSEAR R P, HSEAR R N and GND Path Input gain [dB] voltage (fixed) [mVp-p] Singleended output voltage [mVp-p] Output DC level [V] Output current [mA] -1.7 1000 823 0 NA -3.3 1000 688 1.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Measurement data Figure 17 AV_IN – HP_OUT, single-ended loop measurement Figure 18 AV_IN – IHF_L_OUT, single-ended loop measurement without filter Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Acoustics troubleshooting Introduction to acoustics troubleshooting Acoustics design ensures that the sound is detected correctly with a microphone and properly radiated to the outside of the device by the speaker. The acoustics of the phone include three basic systems: earpiece, stereo integrated handsfree (IHF) and digital microphone. The sound reproduced from the earpiece readiates through a single hole on the front cover (A-cover).
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Bluetooth and FM radio troubleshooting Bluetooth and FM radio introduction The Bluetooth and FM radio are combined in the same ASIC, so both features are checked when troubleshooting. The following problems can occur with the Bluetooth and FM radio hardware: Symptom Problem Repair solution Unable to switch on Bluetooth on phone user interface. Open circuit solder joints or component failure of BTH/ FM ASIC/module BB ASICs or SMD components.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Figure 20 Key component placement for BTHFMRDS2.2M The shared Bluetooth/WLAN antenna element and the antenna pogo pin are attached to the C-cover, and the Bluetooth RF signal is routed through a WLAN front-end module. Page 3 –50 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Figure 21 BT/WLAN antenna The FM radio audio signal is routed to the headset connector through the BB ASIC shared by the phone audio functions. Bluetooth and FM Radio Self Tests Context A flash adapter (or phone data cable) connected to a PC with Phoenix service software is required. Steps 1. Place the phone in the flash adapter. 2. Start Phoenix service software. 3. Choose File → Scan Product. 4. From the Mode drop-down menu, set to Local. 5.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 7. To run the test, click Start Bluetooth BER test JBT-9 or SB-6 Bluetooth test box (BT box) is required to perform a BER test. If a BT box is not available, Bluetooth functionality can be checked by transferring a file to another Bluetooth phone. Page 3 –52 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Baseband manual tuning guide Certificate restoring for BB5 products Context This procedure is performed when the device certificate is corrupted for some reason. All tunings (RF & Baseband, UI) must be done after performing the certificate restoring procedure. The procedure for certificate restoring is the following: • Flash the phone with the latest available software using FPS-20 or FPS-21. Note: USB flashing does not work for a dead BB5 phone.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide iii Choose the product manually from File→Open Product , and click OK. Wait for the phone type designator (e.g. “RM-1” ) to be displayed in the status bar. iv Go to Flashing→SW Update and wait until Phoenix reads the product data as shown in the following picture.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Programming is completed when Flashing Completed message is displayed. The product type designator and MCU SW version are displayed in the status bar. vi Close the SW Update window and then choose File→Close Product . 2. Create a Request file. For this procedure, you must supply +12 V to CU-4 from an external power supply. i To connect the phone with Phoenix, choose File→Scan Product . ii Choose Tools→Certificate Restore .
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide iv Name the file so that you can easily identify it, and click Open. The name of the file and its location are shown. v To create the Request file, click Start. vi When the file for certificate restore has been created, send it to Nokia as an e-mail attachment. 3. Restore certificate. For this procedure, you must supply +12 V to CU-4 from an external power supply. i Save the reply file sent by Nokia to your computer. ii Start Phoenix service software.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide iv From the Tools menu, choose Certificate Restore and select Process a response file in the Action pane. v To choose the location where response file is saved, click Browse. vi Click Open. The name of the file and the path where it is located are shown. vii To write the file to phone, click Start. Next actions After a successful rewrite, you must retune the phone completely by using Phoenix tuning functions.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Energy management calibration Prerequisites Energy Management (EM) calibration is performed to calibrate the setting (gain and offset) of AD converters in several channels (that is, battery voltage, BSI, battery current) to get an accurate AD conversion result. Hardware setup: • An external power supply is needed. • Supply 12V DC from an external power supply to CU-4 to power up the phone.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide WLAN troubleshooting WLAN functionality test using SB-7 and Phoenix Steps 1. Place the phone on the SB-7 WLAN test box (see figure below). The co-ordinates are A1 (for the upper right foot). 2. Start the phone to normal or offline (RF inactive) mode. 3. Search for SB-7 WLAN test box via the phone’s WLAN menu. Go to Menu→Settings →Connectivity →WLAN wiz., and the Searching for WLAN network pop-up window appears. 4. The SB-7 access point is named default.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide WLAN self tests Use the following to test WLAN using Phoenix: 1 Set phone into Local Mode . 2 From the File menu, select Scan Product and check that the correct product version is displayed 3 From the Testing menu, select Self Test. This opens up a Self Test dialogue box, as shown below. Select the ST_WLAN_TEST check box as shown and then select Start button.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide In addition, a test of the WLAN to BT interface can be done by selecting the ST_BT_WLAN_COEXISTENCE_TEST check box and selecting Start button. This test verifies that the WLAN to BT co-existence interface signals are properly connected and there are no open circuit or shorts on the four interface signals. The co-existence interface comprises BT Txconfig, BT RF Active and BT Priority. Page 3 –62 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide In summary these two Self tests provide a simple means of ensuring the Host engine is able to communicate with the WLAN module and check the interface to BT. More detailed WLAN performance test is covered in WLAN functional test section. WLAN functional tests On/Off test From the testing toolbar select WLAN Configuration option. This opens the WLAN configuration dialogue box below.
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RM-431 BB Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide The difference between the two readings should be 35 - 60 mA and measures the transmit current in 11MBPS, 802.11b mode of operation. RX Tests There are different options available for testing the Rx path. The simplest is to use the WLAN to report Rx packets when operating in an area where there is an active WLAN network. Simply starting an Rx test will show the number of packets detected by the WLAN module as it monitors the network.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Table of Contents General RF troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................................4–5 Introduction to RF troubleshooting ................................................................................................................4–5 RF key components .........................................................................................................................................
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting General RF troubleshooting Introduction to RF troubleshooting Most RF semiconductors are static discharge sensitive ESD protection must be applied during repair (ground straps and ESD soldering irons).
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Auto tuning Introduction to auto tuning This phone can be tuned automatically. Auto tune is designed to align the phone's RF part easier and faster. It performs calibrations, tunings and measurements of RX and TX. The results are displayed and logged in a result file, if initiated.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Self test troubleshooting Phoenix self test troubleshooting Context Always start the troubleshooting procedure by running the Phoenix self tests. If a test fails, please follow the diagram below. If the phone is dead and you cannot perform the self tests, go to Dead or jammed device troubleshooting (page 4–9) in chapter 3, Baseband troubleshooting and manual tuning guide.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Receiver troubleshooting Introduction to receiver (RX) troubleshooting RX can be tested by making a phone call or in local mode. For the local mode testing, use Phoenix service software. The main RX troubleshooting measurement is RSSI reading. This test measures the signal strength of the received signal. For GSM RSSI measurements, see section GSM RX chain activation for manual measurements/ GSM RSSI measurement (page 4–10) .
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting WCDMA RX chain activation for manual measurement Steps 1. In Phoenix, select Testing→WCDMA→Rx Control . The Phoenix Rx Control window opens. Figure 25 Phoenix Rx Control window with sample settings (WCDMA band I) 2. Make settings for the band to be tested according to the following table: Band to be tested Signal generator to antenna connector Phoenix Channel WCDMA I 10700 2141.0MHz WCDMA VIII 3013 943.6MHz 3.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting WCDMA RSSI measurement Prerequisites WCDMA RX must be activated before RSSI can be measured. For instructions, please refer to WCDMA RX chain activation for manual measurement (page 4–12). Connect signal generator to RF connector and use appropriate frequency for each channel. Steps 1. In Phoenix select Testing→WCDMA→RX Power measurement . The Rx Power Measurement window opens. Figure 26 Phoenix Rx Power Measurement window 2.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Transmitter troubleshooting Introduction to transmitter (TX) troubleshooting Please note the following before performing transmitter tests: • TX troubleshooting requires TX operation. • Do not transmit on frequencies that are in use! • The transmitter can be controlled in local mode for diagnostic purposes. • The most useful Phoenix tool for GSM transmitter testing is “RF Control”; in WCDMA transmitter testing the best tool is “TX Control”.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Setting Value Active Unit Tx Rx/Tx Channel 37 Band GSM 900 AFC -28 Operation Mode Burst Edge Off Tx Data Type Random Tx PA Mode High Tx Power Level 5 4. Check the basic TX parameters, using a communication analyser (e.g. CMU200). • Power • Phase error • Modulation • Switching spectrum Page 4 –16 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Figure 28 Typical readings 5. Change the power level in RF controls window and make sure the power reading follows accordingly. Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Next actions You can troubleshoot the GSM transmitter for each GSM band separately, one band at a time. If you want to troubleshoot GSM850, GSM1800 or GSM1900, change the band in the RF controls window and set the communication analyser accordingly. Page 4 –18 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting WCDMA transmitter troubleshooting Steps 1. Set the phone to local mode. 2. In Phoenix, select Testing→WCDMA→Tx control . The Tx Control window opens. Figure 29 Phoenix WCDMA Tx control window 3. Make settings for the band to be tested, according to the following table: Band Channel WCDMA I 9750 WCDMA VIII 2788 4. Make the following general settings (the same values for all bands). Note that Max power limit is not checked by default.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Setting Value DPDCH enabled Checked Max power limit Checked Start Rx Checked Start level 24 Step size 0 Step count 0 Sequency 0 Step duration 2550 Code class LONG Code 16 DPDCH code 0 Weight 15 Code class 2 DPCCH code 0 Weight 8 Code class 2 Note: Use the Start level option to set the TX power level. 5. Click Send to enable the settings and activate TX. If settings are changed (eg. new channel selected), you have to click RF Stop and Send again. 6.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Troubleshooting with RF shield removed Introduction The RF shield must be removed in order to replace components on the RF block. Voltage checking Steps 1. Set up the main board in the module jig. The phone should be in local mode. 2. Check the following: TP# Signal name Test point Voltage (all bands) 1 VCTCXO (G7500) supply C7501 2.5V 2 RFIC Vapaus (N7500) supply from DC/DC converter C7570 2.8V 3 TXFEM (N7520) supply from DC/DC converter C7521 1.3V-3.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting VCTCXO troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow RF component reference Component reference table This table shows the components used for the different bands. It can be used as a reference when troubleshooting which components may or may not be faulty. Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting GSM850 Reference RX TX GSM900 RX TX GSM1800 GSM1900 WCDMAI RX RX RX TX TX TX WCDMAVIII RX TX G7500 X X X X X X X X X X X X L7500 X X X X X X X X X X X X N7500 X X X X X X X X X X X X N7520 X X X X X X X X X X X X N7540 N7560 X X X X X X T7520 Z7521 Z7523 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Z7540 X Z7541 Z7542 X X X Z7543 X Z7544 X X means that the component is used for the band in the cur
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RM-431 RF Troubleshooting Antenna troubleshooting Visual check for antenna contacts In the main antenna there is one feed and one GND contact. Check that GND and feed pads take proper contact to the pogo pin on the main PWB and the radiator flex. Figure 34 Antenna contacts Page 4 –30 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Camera Module Troubleshooting Table of Contents Main (back) camera troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................5–5 Taking and evaluating test pictures with main camera ...............................................................................5–5 Main camera troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................
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RM-431 Camera Module Troubleshooting Main (back) camera troubleshooting Taking and evaluating test pictures with main camera When taking a test picture, remember the following: • Avoid bright fluorescent light, 50/60Hz electrical network or high artificial illumination levels • If the phone is hot, let it rest for a while before taking the picture • Make sure the optical system is clean • Use highest possible resolution • Make sure the light is sufficient (bright office lightning) • Do not take the picture
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RM-431 Camera Module Troubleshooting Main camera no recognizable viewfinder image troubleshooting Troubleshooting flow Page 5 –8 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Camera Module Troubleshooting Camera flash and privacy indicator troubleshooting Context Note: Before checking flash functionality, make sure that the main camera is working ok. Troubleshooting flow Page 5 –10 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 Camera Module Troubleshooting Secondary (front) camera troubleshooting Evaluating videocall picture quality from secondary camera When testing the picture quality of a videocall, remember the following: • Avoid bright fluorescent light, 50/60Hz electrical network or high artificial illumination levels • Make sure the optical system is clean • Make sure the light is suffiecient (bright office lightning) • Do not take the picture towards light source • Hold the phone as still as possible when evaluati
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RM-431 Camera Module Troubleshooting Secondary camera bad image quality troubleshooting Context Note: Phone must be in a video call for the front camera to be active. Note: Always use the "troubled" phone when evaluating a picture in a video call. Do not evaluate the picture on the receiving phone. Page 5 –12 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 System Module Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................................6–5 Phone description .............................................................................................................................................6–5 Energy management........................................................................................................................
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RM-431 System Module Introduction Phone description RAPU is the main digital baseband ASIC in the phone. It contains functionality for both WCDMA and GSM EDGE. GAZOO (N2200) is the main audio and energy management controller for the phone.
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RM-431 System Module Board and module connections Energy management Battery and charging BL-4CT battery The phone is powered by a 3-pole BL-4CT 860 mAh battery. The three poles are named VBAT, BSI and GND where the BSI line is used to recognize the battery capacity. This is done by means of an internal battery pull down resistor. Figure 35 Battery pin order Page 6 –8 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 System Module The battery temperature is estimated by measuring separate battery temperature NTC via the BTEMP line. This is located on the main PWB, at the place where the phone temperature is closest to the battery temperature. Battery connector The battery connector is a blade connector. It has three blades; • BSI (Battery size indicator) • GND (Ground) • VBAT (Battery voltage) The BSI line is used to recognize the battery capacity by a battery internal pull down resistor.
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RM-431 System Module Power key and system power-up When the battery is placed in the phone, the power key circuits are energized. When the power key is pressed, the system boots up (if an adequate battery voltage is present). Power down can be initiated by pressing the power key again and the system is powered down with the aid of SW. The power key is connected to EM ASIC (N2200) via the PWRONX signal.
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RM-431 System Module SIM interface The phone has a SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) interface including a SIM connector. The connector is only accessible when the battery is removed. The SIM interface consists of an internal interface between RAPU and EM ASIC (N2200), and an external interface between EM ASIC and SIM contacts. Figure 37 SIM interface The EM ASIC handles the detection of the SIM card. The detection method is based on the BSI line.
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RM-431 System Module USB USB interface The phone has an interface for USB (Universal Serial Bus). USB is a differential serial bus that provides a wired connectivity between a PC and peripheral devices, as in this case a mobile phone. Figure 39 USB interface The phone supports USB 2.0 with High-Speed (480 Mbps). Hot swap is supported, which means that USB devices may be plugged in and out at any time. MicroUSB connector This phone is provided with a specific connector for microUSB.
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RM-431 System Module User interface Display interface The following block diagram illustrates the display interface. Display backlight is provided directly by EM ASIC. Figure 41 Display interface Keyboard interface The following block diagram shows the keyboard interface. The keyboard interface is implemented with RAPU’s GENIOs. Keyboard GENIOs are protected from ESD with 10-channel ASIPs Z4404 and Z4405.
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RM-431 System Module Figure 42 Keyboard interface Ambient light sensor (ALS) interface Ambient light sensor information is used to control keyboard and display brightness. • Keyboard backlight is turned OFF, when it is not needed. • Display brightness is dimmed, when environment lighting is dark.
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RM-431 System Module WLAN interface The phone contains a WLAN transceiver, that provides a fully integrated wireless radio solution. The WLAN transceiver supports the IEEE 802.11 standards for low error rate data transfer between mobiles and WLAN networks. Data rates up to 54Mbps are possible in 802.11g mode of operation. WLAN shares the antenna with Bluetooth. The WLAN software is downloaded from RAPU when WLAN is turned on, over the dedicated SPI interface.
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RM-431 System Module Figure 45 Camera interface Audio interface The following block diagram illustrates the audio interface of the phone: Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia. All rights reserved.
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RM-431 System Module Figure 46 Audio interface The digital microphone is connected directly to RAPU. Stereo output is provided by a separate stereo audio amplifier, that is connected to EM ASIC. The output from the stereo audio amplifier is fed to the AV connector. The earpiece is driven directly by a built-in amplifier included in EM ASIC. The stereo IHF speakers are driven directly by a built-in stereo amplifier included in EM ASIC.
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RM-431 System Module Figure 47 Bluetooth interface The BTHFM module is powered by VBAT and the regulated voltage VIO. For audio applications the Bluetooth has a PCM data bus. In addition an UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) is used for data communication and controls. Bluetooth shares the antenna with WLAN. FM radio interface The FM radio system is controlled by RAPU via the I2C bus. EM ASIC delivers the needed voltages and the clock reference (32.768kHz SleepClk).
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RM-431 System Module Figure 48 FM radio interface RF description Receiver (RX) An analogue signal is received by the phone's antenna. The signal is converted to a digital signal and is then transferred further to the baseband (e.g. to the earpiece). The receiver functions are implemented in the RF ASIC. Signals with different frequencies take different paths, therefore being handled by different components. The principle of GSM and WCDMA is the same.
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RM-431 System Module Transmitter (TX) The digital baseband signal (e.g. from the microphone) is converted to an analogue signal, which is then amplified and transmitted from the antenna. The frequency of this signal can be tuned to match the bandwith of the system in use (e.g. GSM900). The transmitter functions are implemented in the RF ASIC. Even though the GSM and WCDMA signals are sent via different components, the principle of the transmission is the same.
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RM-431 Glossary A/D-converter Analogue-to-digital converter ACI Accessory Control Interface ADC Analogue-to-digital converter ADSP Application DPS (expected to run high level tasks) AGC Automatic gain control (maintains volume) ALS Ambient light sensor AMSL After Market Service Leader ARM Advanced RISC Machines ARPU Average revenue per user (per month or per year) ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASIP Application Specific Interface Protector B2B Board to board, connector b
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RM-431 Glossary DCT-4 Digital Core Technology DMA Direct memory access DP Data Package DPLL Digital Phase Locked Loop DSP Digital Signal Processor DTM Dual Transfer Mode DtoS Differential to Single ended EDGE Enhanced data rates for global/GSM evolution EGSM Extended GSM EM Energy management EMC Electromagnetic compatibility EMI Electromagnetic interference ESD Electrostatic discharge FCI Functional cover interface FPS Flash Programming Tool FR Full rate FSTN Film compensate
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RM-431 Glossary IrDA Infrared Data Association ISA Intelligent software architecture JPEG/JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group LCD Liquid Crystal Display LDO Low Drop Out LED Light-emitting diode LPRF Low Power Radio Frequency MCU Micro Controller Unit (microprocessor) MCU Multiport control unit MIC, mic Microphone MIDP Mobile Information Device Profile MIN Mobile identification number MIPS Million instructions per second MMC Multimedia card MMS Multimedia messaging service MTP
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RM-431 Glossary RF PopPort™ Reduced function PopPort™ interface RFBUS Serial control Bus For RF RSK Right Soft Key RS-MMC Reduced size Multimedia Card RSS Web content Syndication Format RSSI Receiving signal strength indicator RST Reset Switch RTC Real Time Clock (provides date and time) RX Radio Receiver SARAM Single Access RAM SAW filter Surface Acoustic Wave filter SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SID Security ID SIM Subscriber Identity Module SMPS Switched Mode
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RM-431 Glossary VCTCXO Voltage Controlled Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator VCXO Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator VF View Finder Vp-p Peak-to-peak voltage VSIM SIM voltage WAP Wireless application protocol WCDMA Wideband code division multiple access WD Watchdog WLAN Wireless local area network XHTML Extensible hypertext markup language Zocus Current sensor (used to monitor the current flow to and from the battery) Issue 1 COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2009 Nokia.