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ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺭ ﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻛ

ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ

Summary of content (396 pages)

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‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫‪Ar‬‬
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‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍ ﹰ ﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻛﺲ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ )‪ (SLR‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ؛ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ؛ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪BS-1‬‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ‪BF-1B‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪Df‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﺜﻴﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪) EN-EL14a‬ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻐﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ(‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺍﻡ ‪(18 0) AN-DC9‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪) MH-24‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻣﻬﺎﻳﺊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪(.
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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻚ‪x ...............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‪xiii.........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪1 ........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪15 ...............................................................
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‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪51 ...............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪55 .......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪55 ...............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪58 ...........................................................................
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‫‪81‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ‪81 .......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪84 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪88 ..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‪90 .........................................................................................
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫‪172‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪175...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪179.......................................................................................................P‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪180...........................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪182.......................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‪183..........................................
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‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪224‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‪224.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ :‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ‪229....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪230......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪230.....................................................................................................
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‫‪ :d‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪253...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :d1‬ﺻﻮﺕ ﺻﻔﻴﺮ‪253..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :d2‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪253.......................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :d3‬ﻋﺮﺽ ‪254..................................................................................................... ISO‬‬ ‫‪ :d4‬ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪254.........
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‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )‪277............................................................................................. (Language‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‪277...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪278................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪279....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‪/‬ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪280......................
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‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪318‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‪318.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪323................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‪326.......................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪328..........................................................................................................
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‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﺑﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺗﺤﻔﻆ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺑﺘﻼﻉ ﻃﻔﻞ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻻ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺭﺿﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻒ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺭﺿﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻨﺎﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻻ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺎﺣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ‬ ‫• ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺎﻓﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻭ ‪ A‬ﺍﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺏ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ‬ ‫• ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ‪.
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‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫• ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺬﻭﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺳﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.
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‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﻢ ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺎﺳﺢ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.
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‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻹﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻭﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻹﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ( ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻹﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺇﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﺤﺮﻣﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﻹﻛﺴﺴﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺫﻭ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ‪ .
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‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻨﺢ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺷﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻚ ﻟﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪10 11‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺐ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪79 ...............‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪79 .
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‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ )ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ(‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ‪50 ............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ‪167....................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪24 ...............................‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪D‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪145 ،141 ،137 .............................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‪48 ..............................
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‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ‪267.............................‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪Pv‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ ‪266 ،174 ،41 ........................ Pv‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪Fn‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ ‪263..........................................Fn‬‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪19 .........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪19 ............................................
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‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ )ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ(‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪O‬‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ ‪203 ،35 ..............................................‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪K‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ‪185 ،34 ..............................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪11 ......................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ‪34 ...........................................
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‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪B‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪60 ............................‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪267...........................‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪76 ............................................‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪) J‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ( ‪261 ،16 ....................................‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ‪16 .....................................‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪64 .........................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪32 ،20 .......‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪) R‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ( ‪11 .......
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‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﺩﺓ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.
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‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ )‪.(46 0‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫‪CL‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﻄﻲﺀ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺿﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ‪42 ،39 .......................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ ‪158 .............................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪29 ..........................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪137 .....................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪141 .................................WB‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪145 .....................
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‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪11 12 13 14 15‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21 22 23 24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺇﻃﺎﺭﻳﺔ )ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪253.............................................................. (d2‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪249 ،64 ..........................‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ‪62 .....
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‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‪111.......................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ‪112............................................... HDR‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪70 ................................ ISO‬‬ ‫"‪) "k‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ 1000‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ(‪30 ..................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪131..................FV‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪257..............................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪37 ..................................
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ R‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻀﻲﺀ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﻭﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪R‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1 23‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪20 19 18 17‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ‪.
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‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪64 .........‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ‪64 .......................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ‪64 .......................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﺐ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪64 ..........................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪43 ...........................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪80 ........................................................
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )ﺗﺎﺑﻊ(‬ ‫‪28 29 30 31 32‬‬ ‫‪26 27‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪52 ...............................‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪46 ،7............................................‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪254......................‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪256.................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪131..................
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‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪P‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ P‬ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪ P‬ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﺩﺓ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻇﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪P‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪236...............................
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‫ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.G‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪ :D‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )‪(229 0‬‬ ‫• ‪ :C‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )‪(235 0‬‬ ‫• ‪ :A‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ )‪(243 0‬‬ ‫• ‪ :B‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ )‪(271 0‬‬ ‫• ‪ :N‬ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ )‪(287 0‬‬ ‫• ‪ :m/O‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫)ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ؛ ‪(313 0‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ J‬ﻟﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪ :J‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺿﻊ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻛﹼﺐ ﺣﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﺜﻴﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ‪EN-EL14a‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺔ(‪ .‬ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺸﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪ MH-24‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﻳﺊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺋﻄﻲ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻳﺊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ‪.
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‫ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.OFF‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺢ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺭ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫)‪ (q‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﻓﺘﺤﻪ )‪.(w‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ )‪ ،(q‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﹰ ﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‪ .
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‫‪ D‬ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﻄﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪16GB‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺴﻚ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﻒ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻧﻘﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻀﻲﺀ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺛﻮﺍﻧﻲ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ xii-x‬ﻭ ‪ 338-335‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪°0‬ﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪°40‬ﻡ؛ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪°0‬ﻡ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪°15‬ﻡ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ‪°45‬ﻡ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪°60‬ﻡ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻤﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ )‪ .(272 0‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺬﻑ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫• ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ .‬ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻄﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑﻚ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺭﻓﻌﻪ‪.
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‫ﺭﻛﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻸﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪ f/1.8G‬ﻣﻢ‪.(Special Edition) AF-S NIKKOR 50‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻓﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (q‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ )‪ .(w‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻛﺐ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،A) ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪ ،M/A‬ﺃﻭ ‪.
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‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻟﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ‪.
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‪ 1 ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‪.
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‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺩﻳﻮﺑﺘﺮ ﻟﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺑﺼﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺰﻉ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺑﺘﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﺱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﺩ‪ .
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‫‪s‬‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﺳﺘﻀﻲﺀ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1000‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺌﺔ؛ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 2900‬ﻭ ‪2999‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(K 2.9‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻣﺾ ‪ A‬ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺭﻣﺰ ‪ n‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ j‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻣﺾ‪ .‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺣﺬﻑ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ‪.
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‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﻤﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﻴﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﻴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺬﻋﻚ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻚ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻚ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻧﺼﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ )ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫)‪ (I‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4 2‬‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﻣﺾ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺗﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪ .‬ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻐﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻐﻂ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 6‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.K‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪K‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ .2‬ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﻭ‪.(188 0) 3‬‬ ‫‪1/ 12‬‬ ‫‪NIKON D f‬‬ ‫‪50mm‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪F5. 6‬‬ ‫‪1/ 125‬‬ ‫‪0, 0‬‬ ‫‪N OR‬‬ ‫‪ORMAL‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬ ‫‪4928x3280‬‬ ‫‪100NC_DF‬‬ ‫‪DSC_0001. JPG‬‬ ‫‪15 / 10 / 2013 10: 02: 28‬‬ ‫ﻹﻧﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻄﺔ‪.
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‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .O‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺬﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .O‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪﻱ؛ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ O‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪.
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‫‪#‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪#‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺞ )‪ :(38 0‬ﺗﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫‪ P‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻖ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ :(39 0‬ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪ S‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ‪ CPU‬ﺑﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ )‪ ،(320 0‬ﺍﻗﻔﻞ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ )ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ ‪ E‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ ،(163 0) CPU‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ A‬ﺃﻭ ‪M‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ P‬ﺃﻭ ‪ S‬ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ ،CPU‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 318‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.
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‫‪ :P‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺪﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ ،P‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ )"ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻥ"(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﻳﻤﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ )ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺆﺭﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ( ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ "ﺗﺠﻤﺪ"‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ :S‬ﻏﺎﻟﻖ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪ 1/3 STEP‬ﻭ‪ X‬ﻭ‪T‬؛ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﺧﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ‪.
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‫‪) 1/3 STEP‬ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ S‬ﻭ ‪(M‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪،1/3 STEP‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ EV 1/3‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ؛ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1/4000‬ﻭ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪ ،M‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ"ﻓﺘﺢ" ﻭ"ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ"‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪.
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‫‪ :A‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ‪ .‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ؛ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.
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‫‪ :M‬ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ؛ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) f7‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ( < ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ )‪ ،(268 0‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ ﺧﻼﻑ "ﻓﺘﺢ" ﺃﻭ "ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ"‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻮﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ )ﻭﺿﻊ ‪ M‬ﻓﻘﻂ(‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻓﺘﺢ )‪ :(B‬ﻳﻈﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺗﺸﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ 35 :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪f/25 :‬‬ ‫)‪ (325 0‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ ,‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪B‬‬ ‫)ﻓﺘﺢ( ﺃﻭ ‪) T‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ ،1/3 STEP‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ(‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ "ﻓﺘﺢ"‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫‪ ،A‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ %‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫"ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫‪#‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.
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‫‪k‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ )‪.(7 0‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫‪ S‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪5-1‬‬ ‫‪ CL‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ 1 .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) d5‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ‪.
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‫ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ )ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺆﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ( ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ )ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ( ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(72 ،70 0‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﺳﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.
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‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.E‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪3 k‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪.
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‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) c3‬ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ؛ ‪ .(252 0‬ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) d1‬ﺻﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻴﺮ؛ ‪.
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‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.MUP‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪.
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‫‪d‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1.0× (24×36) FX‬ﻭ ‪.1.5× (16×24) DX‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪(16×24) DX‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪(24×36) FX‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪DX‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ DX‬ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪ DX‬ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪35‬ﻣﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺺ ‪ DX‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ‪) 1.
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‫❚❚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ DX‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ‪ DX‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺺ ‪ DX‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪.(53 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪1.0× (36×24) FX‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫)ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪(FX‬‬ ‫‪1.5× (24×16) DX‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫)ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪(DX‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪ FX‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪ 23.9 × 36.0‬ﻣﻢ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪ NIKKOR‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪ 35‬ﻣﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ 15.5 × 23.4‬ﻣﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪ .
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‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ G‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ .‬ﻇﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (235 0‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻗﺺ ‪ DX‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻋ ﹼﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .J‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫)‪.
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‫❚❚ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﺨﻴﺎﺭ "ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ" ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ )‪ .(266 0‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﺭ ‪) Fn‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ ،f4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ‪ (263 0 ،Fn‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﺰﺭ ‪) Pv‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪،f5‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،(266 0 ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﺰﺭ ‪ A‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ‪ /‬ﻋﺮﺽ )ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪،f6‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‪/‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ‪.
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‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻳﺤﺪﺩﺍﻥ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫)‪.(364 0‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ )ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ(‪.
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‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (T) X‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(T) X‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )‪.(235 0‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )‪NEF (RAW‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪) Capture NX 2‬ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ؛ ‪ (325 0‬ﺃﻭ ‪) ViewNX 2‬ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ‪ ViewNX 2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ(‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺿﻐﻂ ‪JPEG‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﺼﻮﺭ ‪.JPEG‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ O‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫‪ P‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﹸﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ )‪ < NEF (RAW‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﺼﻮﺭ )‪.
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‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻜﺴﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ #‬ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺃﻭ ‪ $‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺃﻭ ‪ %‬ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫)ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:(51 0 ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪1.0× (36×24) FX‬‬ ‫)ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪(FX‬‬ ‫‪1.5× (24×16) DX‬‬ ‫)ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪(DX‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ )ﺑﻜﺴﻞ(‬ ‫‪3280 × 4928‬‬ ‫‪2456 × 3696‬‬ ‫‪1640 × 2464‬‬ ‫‪2128 × 3200‬‬ ‫‪1592 × 2400‬‬ ‫‪1064 × 1600‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ )ﺳﻢ( *‬ ‫‪27.8 × 41.7‬‬ ‫‪20.8 × 31.3‬‬ ‫‪13.9 × 20.9‬‬ ‫‪18.0 × 27.1‬‬ ‫‪13.5 × 20.
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‫‪N‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ )ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ( ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﹰ )‪.(68 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ )‪ (64 0‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﹰ )‪.(66 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.
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‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪AF-S‬‬ ‫‪AF-C‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺯﺭ ‪B‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪ (I‬ﻭﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺻﻔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪ .
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‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪64‬؛ ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ .
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‫• ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﺃﻭ ‪ E‬ﺃﻭ ‪ ،(320 0) D‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ؛ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪ ،AF-C‬ﺗﻈﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﻄﻔﺎﺀ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ 39‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ *‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ 9‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ *‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ 21‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ *‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ J‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﻏﻼﻕ )‪ (L‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ؛ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﹰ‪.
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‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(61 0‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‪ .
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ )‪ (AF-S‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ A‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.
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‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ NIKKOR‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ( ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ )‪.(61 0‬‬ ‫• ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ :AF-S‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ‪.M‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫• ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ :AF‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ )ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪ( ﻭﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺃﻡ ﻻ )ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 39‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ(‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺃﺩﺭ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪ .
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‫‪S‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ISO‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ISO‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ISO 100‬ﻭ ‪ ISO 12800‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ،EV 1/3‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 0.3‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ EV 1‬ﺗﺤﺖ ‪ ISO 100‬ﻭ‪ 0.3‬ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪ EV 4‬ﻓﻮﻕ ‪ ISO 12800‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ .ISO‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ‪.
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‫‪Hi 4–Hi 0.3 A‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ Hi 0.3‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ Hi 4‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ISO‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪EV 4-0.3‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪) ISO 12800‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪ .(204800-ISO 16000‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ )ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪Lo 1–Lo 0.3 A‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ Lo 0.3‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ Lo 1‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ISO‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ EV 1-0.3‬ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪) ISO 100‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪ .(50– ISO 80‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ < ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ )ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ISO‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻋ ﹼﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ISO‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ )ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ؛ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ISO 100‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ(‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪ :2‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ‪ .‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺎ ﹰﺣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ CPU‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪CPU‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ CPU‬ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1/30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .
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‫‪Z‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪ .
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‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) 1b‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪ .(250 0 ،‬ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪b2‬‬ ‫)ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.
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‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻄﺮ ‪-4‬ﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻄﺮ ‪-12‬ﻣﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.
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‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻟﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻏﻤﻖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﻴﺔ )‪ .(75 0‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪) EV -3‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ( ﻭ ‪) EV +3‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ( ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ‪ .EV 1/3‬ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﻏﻤﻖ‪.
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‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫‪EV ±0‬‬ ‫‪EV –0.3‬‬ ‫‪EV +2.0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ‪ ،0‬ﺳﻴﻮﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ 0‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ )ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ P‬ﻭ ‪ S‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻓﻘﻂ( ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ E‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪.0‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪M‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ ،M‬ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ؛ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪.
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‫‪r‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ v‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫‪ J‬ﺳﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫‪ I‬ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪* .‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ‪ .‬ﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﺃﻭ ‪ E‬ﺃﻭ ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪* .‬‬ ‫‪K 5400‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺒﺪ‬ ‫‪K 6000‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫‪K 8000‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ‪K 10000–2500‬‬ ‫)‪.(88 0‬‬ ‫‪ L‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ )‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﻮﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﻮﺩﻳﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻼﺵ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺿﻮﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ "ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ" ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻇﻼﻝ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﺛﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.G‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺒﺮﻱ )‪-(A‬ﺃﺯﺭﻕ )‪ (B‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫)‪-(G‬ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ )‪ .(M‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫)ﻋﻨﺒﺮﻱ‪-‬ﺃﺯﺭﻕ( ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 5‬ﻣﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ )ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪-‬ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ( ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ )‪ (CC‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(U) L‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻑ ‪) K‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ( ﻭ ‪) L‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﻋﻨﺒﺮﻱ )‪–(A‬ﺃﺯﺭﻕ )‪(B‬‬ ‫)‪85 0‬؛ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ،L‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ .(84‬ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ؛ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪5‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﺩ )‪ .(87 0‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪) B‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ( ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ "ﺩﺍﻓﺊ" ﻣﺜﻞ ‪) J‬ﺳﺎﻃﻊ( ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ "ﺃﺑﺮﺩ" ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪" A‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ"‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪) K‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ( ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ ،(U) L‬ﻭﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪) N‬ﻓﻼﺵ( ﺃﻭ ‪) I‬ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻱ( ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻸﺧﻀﺮ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫)ﺃﺧﻀﺮ( ﺃﻭ ‪) M‬ﺃﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ( ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ )‪ -(G‬ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ )‪(M‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ ‪ 0‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ )‪-(G‬ﺃﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫)‪ ،(M‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ )"‪ ("E‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(U) L‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﻋﻨﺒﺮﻱ )‪ -(A‬ﺃﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫)‪ (B‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .
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‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺤﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻈﻼﻝ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ d-1‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ .d-4‬ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﺤﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪) L‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﺛﻢ ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ L‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(U) L‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ )ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ(‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ HDR‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ )‪.(149 ،112 0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‪.
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻸ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺗﺨﺰﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪ .3‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ؛ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪) c4‬ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻧﻄﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ( < ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )‪ (253 0‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪c2‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪.(251 0) ،‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ؛‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪) L‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﺛﻢ ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ L‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(U) L‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﺛﻢ ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ )‪ d-1‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ (d-4‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪4 r‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ L‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻣﻴﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻴﺾ ‪ D‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻭﺿﻊ ‪ r‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻗﺲ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ J‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪c4‬‬ ‫)ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻧﻄﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ( < ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ )‪.(253 0‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪.
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‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫❚❚ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪) L‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ(‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟـ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﻇﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ )‪d-1‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ (d-4‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪3 r‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ )‪ ،(278 0‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪ ،4‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪.(T) X‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (d-4 – d-1‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﺃﺧﺮ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﺻﻔﻲ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪) L‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪) L‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪ .
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‫‪J‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﻉ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ‪.
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‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.G‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪.Picture Control‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ )‪ (106 0‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻼﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪.Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ (100 0) Picture Control‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫)ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫)ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ )ﻛﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪(Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ(‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ –2‬ﻭ ‪ +2‬ﻟﺨﻔﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻀﺨﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ )ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ(‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻕ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻗﺎ‪ .
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‫‪) "A" D‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ(‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﺃﻭ ‪ E‬ﺃﻭ ‪ D‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ )ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ(‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻤﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻌﻢ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.
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‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻛﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Picture‬‬ ‫‪ Control‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.G‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫‪106‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ‪/‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺣﻔﻆ‪/‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 103‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.O‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ )‪ C-1‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ (C-9‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻤﺎ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪.Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ .
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‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.(T) X‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (T) X‬ﻟﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(T) X‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ < Picture Control‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪.
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‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control Utility‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ ViewNX 2‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫‪ Capture NX 2‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ Picture Control‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪ Df‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻼﻝ‬ ‫‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺑﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ )‪.
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‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.G‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .J‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Y‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﺘﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ ،M‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Y‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Q‬ﻋﺎﺩﻱ(‪.
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‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ )‪(HDR‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ )‪ (HDR‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ HDR‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ )‪75 0‬؛ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪ ،CPU‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﹰﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ‪ .(EV 2‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺻﻮﺭ )‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪ HDR‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫• ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ ‪HDR‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺩ ‪ 6‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫)ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ(‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ HDR‬ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫‪.HDR‬‬ ‫• ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ HDR‬ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ )ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ(‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ HDR‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ ‪ HDR‬ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ u‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .J‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺗﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﹼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻀﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ l k‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻳﻮﻣﺾ‬ ‫‪ l u‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ؛‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.
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‫‪l‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻋﻲ )‪ Creative Lighting System (CLS‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ‪ .CLS‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻘﻔﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﻔﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺰﻉ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺭﻛﺐ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻔﻼﺵ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻼﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻼﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ 250‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ .
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‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻋﻲ )‪ Creative Lighting System (CLS‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻋﻲ )‪ Creative Lighting System (CLS‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﹰ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ‪:CLS‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ‪CLS‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫‪SU-800‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪SB-910‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪SB-900‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺏ ‪SB-300 SB-400 SB-R200‬‬ ‫‪ SB-600 SB-700 SB-800‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ‪i-TTL‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ SLR‬ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪i-TTL‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ‪ i-TTL‬ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ SLR‬ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ AA‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫
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‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪ AA/A‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ CPU‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ "‪ "A‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪.CPU‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ TTL‬ﻭﻳﺪﻭﻱ‪.
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‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪ SB-910‬ﻭ ‪ SB-900‬ﻭ ‪ SB-800‬ﻭ ‪ SB-700‬ﻭ ‪ SB-600‬ﻭ ‪ SB-400‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ‪ SB-910‬ﻭ ‪ SB-900‬ﻭ ‪ SB-800‬ﻭ ‪ SB-700‬ﻭ ‪ SB-600‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ SU-800‬ﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪ SB-910‬ﻭ‪ :SB-900‬ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 135-17‬ﻣﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬ ‫‪ 135-106‬ﻣﻢ‬ ‫‪ 105-20‬ﻣﻢ‬ ‫‪ 19-17‬ﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫‪ FP‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪(257 0‬‬ ‫‪i-TTL‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪(AA‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪(A) TTL‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ )‪(GN‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪123‬‬
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‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪i-TTL‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻼﺵ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ (118 0) CLS‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ،TTL‬ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﻣﻞﺀ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ‪ i-TTL‬ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ SLR‬ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﺕ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ )ﻧﺒﻀﺎﺕ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ( ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ .
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‫ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺞ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1/200‬ﻭ ‪ 1/60‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪ 1/4000‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 1/60‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ‪ FP‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ؛ ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M)W‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪2 ،1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪126‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ Y‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻻ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﻮﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﻮﺩﻳﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.
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‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ EV –3‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ EV +1‬ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،EV 1/3‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻟﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (M)W‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺘﺎﻣﻪ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) e4‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ .(259 0 ،‬ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.
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‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪FV‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻔﻞ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺪﻑ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ISO‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪ FV‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ CLS‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫)‪.(118 0‬‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪:FV‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪ FV‬ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻗﻔﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ )‪ (M‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪.1‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻧﺒﻀﺔ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪ (e) FV‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪ FV‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫)ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ(‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪132‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪i-TTL‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ‪-5‬ﻣﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪AA‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫‪i-TTL‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪AA‬‬ ‫‪) A‬ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬
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‫‪t‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺑﺰﺭﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﺍﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﻭ‪ D‬ﻣﻌﺎ ﹰ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺘﻴﻦ )ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ(‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫‪) HDR‬ﻣﺪﻯ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ(‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ JPEG‬ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ < ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪0 :G-M ،0 :A-B‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪112‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪156‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘ
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‫❚❚ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ(‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ(‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ(‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪FV‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺮﻥ‬ ‫)‪+ NEF (RAW‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪AF-S‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪AF-S‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆ
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‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺃﻭ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ )‪(ADL‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ "ﻳﺼﺤﺢ" ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫)‪ i-TTL‬ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ؛ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ 119‬ﻭ ‪ (124‬ﺃﻭ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ ،D‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪D‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻑ ‪ ،r‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ M‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪ .
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ D‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ D‬ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ (1/3) 0.3‬ﻭ ‪(2/3) 0.7‬‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪ .EV 3‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ‪ EV 1/3‬ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ )‪(EVs‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+0.7/+0.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻠﻘﻄﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ )ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.(79‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ‪3‬؛ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ‪0.
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‫‪ A‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ ﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ .
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‫❚❚ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.81‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ WB‬ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ e6‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ ،D‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ D‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﹰﺒﺎ ‪ 5‬ﻣﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ D‬ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ‪ 5) 1‬ﻣﻴﺮﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 10) 2‬ﻣﻴﺮﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 15) 3‬ﻣﻴﺮﺩ(‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪B‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ A‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮﻱ )‪ .
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ D‬ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ )‪ (r‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ‪ y‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺑﺰﺭﻳﻦ )‪ ،(133 0‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪ .
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‫❚❚ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ADL‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.110‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪.ADL‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ ADL‬ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ e6‬ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ ،D‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ ،D‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ D‬ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻠﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ D‬ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺻﻔﺮ )‪ (r‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ‪ z‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺑﺰﺭﻳﻦ )‪ ،(133 0‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.
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‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻀﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ RAW‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺘﺠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫• ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ 6‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ )ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ )ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫• ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺩﻣﺠﻬﺎ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻛﺨﻴﺎﺭ "ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ" ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) f4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ‪،Fn‬‬ ‫‪ (263 0‬ﺃﻭ ‪) f5‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،(266 0 ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻭﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﻭﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‪ .
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﹰ )ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1/2‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﺗﻴﻦ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ 1/3‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ(‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ .
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ )‪ ،(46 0‬ﺗﺴﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫)ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ؛ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ )ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ .
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‫❚❚ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﹰ‪ .
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‫‪ D‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺰﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﺪﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ( ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺄﻭﻝ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ؛ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ )‪ (E‬ﺃﻭ ‪ MUP‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻦ )‪.(276 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻞ‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺭﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ .2‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 3‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ؛ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪.3‬‬ ‫• ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪4‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ؛ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪ /‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪158‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺒﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪) J‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺪﺀ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .
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‫‪ D‬ﺍﻣﺘﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻣﺘﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻈﻞ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﻂ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )‪ (161 0‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻐﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻮﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪Q‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ‬ ‫)ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ(‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ J‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫• ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺪﺀ < ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺛﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪J‬‬ ‫• ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ )ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ(‬ ‫• ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ )‪ (E‬ﺃﻭ ‪MUP‬‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.157‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺀ < ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫• ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺑﺰﺭﻳﻦ )‪(133 0‬‬ ‫• ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﻤﺨﺰﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )‪(236 0‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ )‪(136 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‪.
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‫ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪CPU‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ CPU‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ A‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ ،M‬ﻣﻊ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫)ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻗﺼﻮﻯ(‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ CPU‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪CPU‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ .CPU‬ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪:CPU‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪.CPU‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ CPU‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪164‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺃﻭ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 6‬ﻭ ‪ 4000‬ﻣﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ f/1.2‬ﻭ ‪.f/22‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ .J‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪CPU‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ CPU‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ CPU‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪AI‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪) AI‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﺂﻟﻴﺎﺕ ‪.(AI‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ؛ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫❚❚ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ AI‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪AI‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ "ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ "CPU‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﺂﻟﻴﺔ ‪") AI‬ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ ("AI‬ﻭﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ )"ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪AI‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ‪ AI‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ .AI‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ AI‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ )‪.(164 0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ )‪.(166 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ AI‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ < CPU‬ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.
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‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ‪ 4‬ﻭ ‪ 5‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.
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‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ‪ GPS‬ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪ GP-1‬ﻭ ‪(325 0) GP-1A‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻖ )‪ .(UTC‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪.(188 0‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ‪GPS‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻒ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ‪ GPS‬ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (325 0‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻖ )‪(UTC‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ‪ GPS‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻖ ‪UTC‬‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪o‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪:o‬‬ ‫• ‪)o‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ .GPS‬ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ )‪.(194 0‬‬ ‫• ‪)o‬ﻭﻣﻴﺾ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ‪ GPS‬ﻋﻦ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‪ .
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‫‪x‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪ DK-26‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫)‪.(23 0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.a‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪a‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻣﺾ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺯﺭ ‪ A‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ )ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ M‬ﻓﻘﻂ(‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ ،M‬ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪Pv‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ISO‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪Pv‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ؛ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .
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‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ AF‬ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.183‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫❚❚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺰﺯ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻸﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ D‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ‪ .AF-S‬ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻧﻔﻴﺮﺗﺮ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‪ .‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‪ .
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‫❚❚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ؛ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺝ )ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 35‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﹰ ﺑﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫!‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻫﺪﻑ؛ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ(‪ .
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‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ‪ AF‬ﺛﻢ ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.
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‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪P‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ‪ P‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﻇﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫‪Picture Control‬‬ ‫‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪P‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪.(55 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪.(58 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪.
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‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫‪we‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ q‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪184‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪175‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪177‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ D‬ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﻑ ﻣﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﺗﻤﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘﻊ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻣﻀﺔ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻤﺖ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻟﻮﻫﻠﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺻﺎﻋﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺧﺎﻃﻒ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺗﺸﻮﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ .
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.
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‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ )‪ ،(68 0‬ﺃﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ × 15‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .(T) X‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﻼﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﻷﻳﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ D‬ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪180 0‬؛‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻟﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪—c4‬ﺗﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻄﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ < ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ؛ ‪—253 0‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ 5‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﻻﻧﻄﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ(‪ .‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ .
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‫‪I‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪ .K‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪.(188 0‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 196‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪ (T) X‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 199‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ O‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺤﺬﻑ‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )‪.(203 0‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪(U) L‬‬ ‫‪.(201 0) (U) L‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ "ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ" )ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ( ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫)‪.(233 0‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )‪ ،(232 0‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻟﺤﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 4‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ )ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﹰ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ(‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.
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‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ "ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ" ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ‪ RGB‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻟـ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )‪ .(232 0‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪ GPS‬ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪ GP-1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ GP-1A‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪12 3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1/ 12‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪N OR‬‬ ‫‪ORMAL‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬ ‫‪4928x3280‬‬ ‫‪8 7‬‬ ‫‪100NC_DF‬‬ ‫‪DSC_0001. JPG‬‬ ‫‪15 / 10 / 2013 10: 02: 28‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‪201 ............................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‪287 ..........................................‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ‪64 .............................
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‫❚❚ ﺍﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪-‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ‪237 ........................2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻣﻀﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻴﺌﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪RGB‬‬ ‫)ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ(‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫)ﺃﺣﻤﺮ(‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫)ﺃﺧﻀﺮ(‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ‪RGB‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪-‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ‪237 ........................2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪81 ................................................‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪88 .....................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ‪84 .............‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ‪90 .................................‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ )ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﺯﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.(T) X‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﺍﺭ ‪ (T) X‬ﻭ‪ (M) W‬ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﻭﻣﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻴﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺑﻤﺪﻯ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪: , 1 / 4 0 0 0 , F 2. 8‬‬ ‫‪: , H i 0. 3,‬‬ ‫‪: + 1. 3, + 5 / 6‬‬ ‫‪: 5 0 mm‬‬ ‫‪: 50‬‬ ‫‪/ 1. 8‬‬ ‫‪: S / VR -O n‬‬ ‫‪: Op t i o n a l‬‬ ‫‪: S L OW‬‬ ‫‪: T T L -B L , + 1. 0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪M T R , S P D, A P .‬‬ ‫‪E X P .
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‫‪: H I I S O, N O R M‬‬ ‫‪: N O R MA L‬‬ ‫‪: A U T O, H I G H‬‬ ‫‪: N O R MA L‬‬ ‫‪: D - L I GH T I NG‬‬ ‫‪NO I S E R E D U C .‬‬ ‫‪A C T . D - L I GH T .‬‬ ‫‪HD R‬‬ ‫‪V I GN E T T E C T R L‬‬ ‫‪R E T OU C H‬‬ ‫‪: SPR I NG HAS COME .
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‫❚❚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪13 14 15 16 17‬‬ ‫‪50mm‬‬ ‫‪1/ 4000 F2. 8‬‬ ‫‪Hi 0. 3‬‬ ‫‪+ 1. 0‬‬ ‫‪SLOW‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪0, 0‬‬ ‫‪22 21‬‬ ‫‪24 23‬‬ ‫‪–1. 3‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪NIKON D f‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪50mm‬‬ ‫‪1/ 4000 F2. 8‬‬ ‫‪Hi 0. 3‬‬ ‫‪+ 1. 0‬‬ ‫‪SLOW‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪0, 0‬‬ ‫‪NOR‬‬ ‫‪ORMAL‬‬ ‫‪AL‬‬ ‫‪4928x3280‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‪201......
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ "ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ" ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ‪ 72‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪.(M) W‬‬ ‫‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪(T) X‬‬ ‫‪(T) X‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫‪(T) X‬‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻈﻠﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻈﻠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻠﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (T) X‬ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪ .
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ 72‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪K/‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻮﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪198‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮﺓ )‪.
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‫ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (T) X‬ﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ (T) X‬ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ /(T) X‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ ‪ × 30‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﹰﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫)ﺻﻮﺭ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪× 36‬‬ ‫‪(M) W‬‬ ‫‪ ،(2 : 3/24‬ﺃﻭ ‪) × 23‬ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ( ﺃﻭ ‪) × 15‬ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ(‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ (U) L‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 201‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫‪ K /‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻮﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫)‪.
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‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻭﻡ ﻭﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(U) L‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ O‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ )‪.(272 ،22 0‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻇﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.(U) L‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ .P‬ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻇﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.(U) L‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(U) L‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﺍﺭ ‪ (U) L‬ﻭ‪ O‬ﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.
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‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺮﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .O‬ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ O‬ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ O‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .O‬ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.K‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪O‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺛﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪.(197 0) O‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ ﻻ )‪.
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‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻹﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ Q‬ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ n‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫‪ R‬ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ )‪.(206 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺬﻑ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ )‪.(230 0‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ .
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ .O‬ﻛﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ؛ ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ؛ ﻇﻠﻞ ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ :‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪206‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪(T) X‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ .
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‫‪Q‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ViewNX 2‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ ،ViewNX 2‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ .210‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪ ،ViewNX 2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪،xvii‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ‪ Df‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﻔﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺻﻮﺭ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻟﻐﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ q‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ(‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ‬ ‫‪ w‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫‪) Region Selection‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ( ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫‪ e‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ )ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪) Next‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ(‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ‪) Install‬ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ( ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.
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‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪Windows‬‬ ‫‪Mac OS‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪ Intel Core :‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪Xeon‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪ Intel Celeron :‬ﺃﻭ ‪ Pentium 4‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ‪ ،Core‬ﺑﺘﺮﺩﺩ ‪ 1.6‬ﺟﻴﺠﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ • ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻡ )ﻋﺮﺽ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ‪Core Duo‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺟﻴﺠﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ؛ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ‬ ‫• ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻡ )ﻋﺮﺽ(‪ 3.
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‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ViewNX 2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ‪ViewNX 2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ )‪.(208 0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ USB‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪ USB‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻭﺷﻐﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺪﺃ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ‪ Nikon Transfer 2‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪.ViewNX 2‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪.Nikon Transfer 2‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ‪Windows 7‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ Nikon Transfer 2‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺗﺤﺖ ‪Import pictures and videos‬‬ ‫)ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫‪) Change program‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ؛‬ ‫‪Import file using Nikon Transfer 2‬‬ ‫)ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪ (Nikon Transfer 2‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫‪) OK‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ(‪.
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ ViewNX 2‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ ViewNX 2‬ﻳﺪﻭﻳﹰﺎ‬ ‫• ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ‪ :Windows‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻧﻘﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﺰﺩﻭ ﹰﺟﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ ViewNX 2‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ‪ :Mac OS‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫‪ ViewNX 2‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪) Edit‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ( ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ‪.ViewNX 2‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪) Print‬ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ( ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ‪.
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‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ‪ JPEG‬ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻃﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ‪(362 0) PictBridge‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪ USB‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪.USB‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪ USB‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻣﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ‪USB‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ؛ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ‪ USB‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ USB‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ USB‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪sRGB‬‬ ‫)‪.(240 0‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﺃﻭ )‪(55 0) TIFF (RGB‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺦ ‪ JPEG‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ )‪NEF (RAW‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ )‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻋ ﹼﺪﻝ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ )ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ( ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ )ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ )ﺣﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ‪ ،(99‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .
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‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪.PictBridge‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪) PictBridge‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪ 3‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.(214‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ )‪ :(DPOF‬ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ‪ DPOF‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )‪ .(219 0‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (DPOF‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪ ،2‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻞﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.(T) X‬‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ :3 1 + (M) W‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪Z‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ .
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ‪.PictBridge‬‬ ‫ﻋ ﹼﺪﻝ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻭﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪) 216‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﹰﺍ ﺟ ﹰﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻺﻟﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.(T) X‬‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ .1‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ Z‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ .
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ )ﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ‪.(5‬‬ ‫• ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.
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‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪ HDMI‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ C‬ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ )ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ( ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﹰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪.HDMI‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪ HDMI‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ )ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪(HDMI‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ‪.HDMI‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.K‬‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪HDMI‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ HDMI‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ )‪ (271 0‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺝ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ‪-HDMI‬‬ ‫‪) CEC‬ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ‪-‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ‪ HDMI‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪ .HDMI‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ‪.
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‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﺰﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ )‪(81 0‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ )‪(84 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ )‪(88 0‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ )‪(90 0‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪(100 0) Picture Control‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ )‪(240 0‬‬ ‫‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ )‪(110 0‬‬ ‫‪) HDR‬ﻣﺪﻯ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪(113 0) HDR‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ )‪(114 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ )‪(114 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻑ )‪(241 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ )‪(241 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ‪(242 0) NR‬‬ ‫‪ ISO NR‬ﻋﺎﻝ )‪(242 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪(72 0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ
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‫❚❚ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪a1‬‬ ‫‪a2‬‬ ‫‪a3‬‬ ‫‪a4‬‬ ‫‪a5‬‬ ‫‪a6‬‬ ‫‪a7‬‬ ‫‪b1‬‬ ‫‪b2‬‬ ‫‪c1‬‬ ‫‪c2‬‬ ‫‪c3‬‬ ‫‪c4‬‬ ‫‪d1‬‬ ‫‪d2‬‬ ‫‪d3‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪226‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ‪(246 0) AF-C‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ‪(246 0) AF-S‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﻞ )‪(247 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪(247 0‬‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪(248 0‬‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪(249 0‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪(249 0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ d4‬ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ )‪(254 0‬‬ ‫‪ d5‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ‪(254 0) CL‬‬ ‫‪ d6‬ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ )‪(254 0‬‬ ‫‪ d7‬ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ )‪(255 0‬‬ ‫‪ d8‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )‪(256 0‬‬ ‫‪ d9‬ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪(256 0) LCD‬‬ ‫‪ d10‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ )‪(256 0‬‬ ‫‪ e1‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ )‪(257 0‬‬ ‫‪ e2‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ )‪(258 0‬‬ ‫‪ e3‬ﻓﻼﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ )‪(258 0‬‬ ‫‪ e4‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻔﻼﺵ )‪(259 0‬‬ ‫‪ e5‬ﻓﻼﺵ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ )‪(259 0‬‬ ‫‪ e6‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪(259 0‬‬ ‫‪ e7‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪(260 0) (M‬‬ ‫‪ e8‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍ
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‫‪f7‬‬ ‫‪f8‬‬ ‫‪f9‬‬ ‫‪f10‬‬ ‫‪f11‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )‪(267 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ )‪(269 0‬‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ )‪(269 0‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )‪(269 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺳﻠﺲ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ )‪(270 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫* ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ )‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ G‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪) D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪205‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪232‬‬ ‫‪232‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ‪DPOF‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪233‬‬ ‫‪233‬‬ ‫‪234‬‬ ‫‪219‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ 224‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.
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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ )‪:(185 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪NC_DF‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ ‪ Df‬ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.
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‫ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪/‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪/‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ )ﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻣﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪(M‬‬ ‫‪ ((T) X‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪R‬؛ ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ (M) W‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.
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‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )‪ .(188 0‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪L‬‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ؛ ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .2‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ .
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‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺬﻭﻓﺔ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ S‬ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺬﻭﻓﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪ U‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ )‪ .(230 0‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻴﺔ )‪.(230 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ .J‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪/‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ 2 ،‬ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.
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‫‪ C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ G‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪) C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ(‪.
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‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪) Picture Control‬ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪ .
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‫ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ W‬ﺃﻭ ‪ X‬ﺃﻭ ‪ Y‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪ : W‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﻍ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ : X‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﻠﺊ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ‪ 999‬ﻭﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 999‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ،9999‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ ،999‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 999‬ﻭﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 999‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ‪.
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‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺄﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﺋﺔ "_‪ "DSC‬ﺃﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ،"DSC_" Adobe RGB‬ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫)ﻣﺜﻞ‪ .("DSC_0001.JPG" ،‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺑﺪﻻ ﹰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ "‪ "DSC‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.107‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ".NEF" :‬ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ )‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻭ"‪ ".TIF‬ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫)‪ TIFF (RGB‬ﻭ"‪ ".
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‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ sRGB‬ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ "ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ "،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Adobe RGB‬ﺑﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻭﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫"ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﻛﺎﻥ" ﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﻉ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ‪ E‬ﻭ ‪) D‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ DX‬ﻭ ‪ .(PC‬ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺿﻮﺣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‪.
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‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ‪) NR‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺿﻮﺿﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ(‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ C‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻣﻦ ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ )ﺑﻘﻊ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻜﺴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺿﺒﺎﺏ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻳﺘﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ؛ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻮﻣﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ "‪ "l m‬ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ(‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ G‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪) A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.
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‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬ ‫‪ a‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪a1‬‬ ‫‪a2‬‬ ‫‪a3‬‬ ‫‪a4‬‬ ‫‪a5‬‬ ‫‪a6‬‬ ‫‪a7‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪b1‬‬ ‫‪b2‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪c1‬‬ ‫‪c2‬‬ ‫‪c3‬‬ ‫‪c4‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪d1‬‬ ‫‪d2‬‬ ‫‪d3‬‬ ‫‪d4‬‬ ‫‪d5‬‬ ‫‪d6‬‬ ‫‪d7‬‬ ‫‪d8‬‬ ‫‪d9‬‬ ‫‪d10‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪244‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ‪AF-C‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ‪AF-S‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪24
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‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺰﻥ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺰﻥ‪ .
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‫‪ :a‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪ :a1‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ‪AF-C‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ AF-C‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ )‪ ،(59 0‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫)ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ( ﺃﻡ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ )ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ G‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ F‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪.
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‫‪ :a3‬ﺗﻌﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻭﻓﻘﹰ ﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ AF-C‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ )‪.(59 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪) 5 C‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ(‬ ‫) ‪4‬‬ ‫‪) 3 D‬ﻋﺎﺩﻱ(‬ ‫( ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‪.
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‫‪ :a5‬ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ :a6‬ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ "ﻳﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ" ﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.
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‫‪ :b‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪/‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪ :b1‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ )‪ (‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 8‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 12‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 15‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 20‬ﻣﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 12‬ﻣﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ ،CPU‬ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ CPU‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ )‪.
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‫‪ :c‬ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎﺕ‪/‬ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪ :c1‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﺰﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻘﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :c2‬ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‪.
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‫‪ :c3‬ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫)‪.(48 0‬‬ ‫• ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪.
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‫‪ :c4‬ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻧﻄﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )ﻋﺮﺽ؛ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ( ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ )ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ؛ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ )ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ؛ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ؛ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪10‬‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺍﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ )ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ؛ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 10‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ(‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺃﻗﺼﺮ ﻟﺘﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﻄﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.
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‫‪ :d3‬ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ISO‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :d4‬ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )‪.
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‫‪ :d7‬ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫‪ :d8‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(v‬ﺳﻴﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )‪ (11 0‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ )‪w‬؛ ﺧﻂ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ(‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﻀﻲﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺎﻡ )‪x‬؛ ﺧﻂ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ(‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪.
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‫‪ :e‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫‪ :e1‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ 1/250‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪ FP‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ(‬ ‫‪ 1/200‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪ FP‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ(‬ ‫‪ 1/200‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ 1/60-‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ‪ FP‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺵ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ )‪ .(119 0‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1/250‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ :e2‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ P‬ﺃﻭ ‪) A‬ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ‪ S‬ﻭ‪ M‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ(‪ .‬ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1/60‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪ 1/60‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‪.
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‫‪ :e4‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ EY‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻼ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.
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‫‪ :e7‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪(M‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻓﻼﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ e6‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ F‬ﻓﻼﺵ‪/‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ )ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ e6‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ( ﺃﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫)ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪ e6‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻓﻼﺵ(‪.
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‫‪ :f‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪ :f1‬ﺯﺭ ‪D‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ :D‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )‪ D‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪/‬ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ ((D) LCD‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪/‬ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ‪ DRD‬ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :f2‬ﺯﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺰﺭ ‪ J‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪/‬ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪ J‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪ J‬ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﻖ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪ J‬ﺃﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.
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‫‪ :f4‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ‪Fn‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺭ ‪ ،Fn‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ )ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ( ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪+‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ q‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ Fn‬ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ )‪.(41 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ Fn‬ﻟﻘﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ )ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .(118 0 ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪FV‬‬ ‫‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ t‬ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪+ NEF (RAW) e‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ Fn‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪ ADL‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻄﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪ CH‬ﺃﻭ ‪ (CL‬ﺳﺘﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ K‬ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ Fn‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .K‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻔﻮﺗﻮ( ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ K‬ﺑﻴﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺼﺺ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ ،Fn‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪.(51 0‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ Fn‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪.(163 0) CPU‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪CPU‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ ،Fn‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫‪D-Lighting‬‬ ‫‪ D-Lighting‬ﻧﺸﻄﺔ )‪.
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‫‪ :f6‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‪/‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺭ ‪ A‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪/‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ( ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ(‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ‪ ،(263 0) Fn‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪) HDR‬ﻣﺪﻯ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ( ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺎ ﹰﺣﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪ .
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‫• ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ )ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ(‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪) EV 1‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ‪ E‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺗﹸﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ(‪ .
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‫‪ :f8‬ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪ (M) W‬ﺃﻭ ‪ (T) X‬ﺃﻭ ‪ (U) L‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺿﻊ ‪ AF‬ﺃﻭ ﺯﺭ ‪ D‬ﻭﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ )ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ‪ Fn‬ﻭ‪ Pv‬ﻭ‪ A‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ‪/‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ "ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪ +‬ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ" ﺑﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ CPU‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ
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‫‪ :f11‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺳﻠﺲ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ EV ± 2/3‬ﻋﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪.EV 1/3‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 4) 4‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ 30‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.
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‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ G‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪) B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ(‪.
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‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ )‪.(211 0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪272‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.179‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﻐﻄﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‪.
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‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺠﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Capture NX 2‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ؛ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ‪.(Capture NX 2‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ‪ CPU‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ‪ DX‬ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻢ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺯﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﻛﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ .
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‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺋﺒﻖ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ ﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﻳﻦ ‪ 50‬ﻭ ‪ 60‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )‪(Language‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )‪ (187 0‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ViewNX 2‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺮﻓﻖ( ﺃﻭ ‪) Capture NX 2‬ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ؛ ‪ .
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‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺿﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪) ViewNX 2‬ﻣﺮﻓﻖ( ﺃﻭ ‪) Capture NX 2‬ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ؛ ‪ .(325 0‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﹰﺍ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪.(193 0‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ :‬ﻳﺤﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ .107‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 36‬ﺣﺮﻑ‪.
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‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )‪(193 0‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺿﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪) ViewNX 2‬ﻣﺮﻓﻖ( ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪) Capture NX 2‬ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ؛ ‪.(325 0‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ :‬ﻳﺤﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ .107‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 36‬ﺣﺮﻑ‪.
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‫ﺣﻔﻆ‪/‬ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ )ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻣﺘﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ(‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ )ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ(‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ )ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )‪(Language‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪CPU‬‬ ‫‪HDMI‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﺭ ‪ Fn‬ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﻳﺊ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪Eye-Fi‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪ /‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ
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‫ﺃﻓﻖ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﻣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻀﻲﺀ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﻣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻀﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪.
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‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 12‬ﻧﻮﻋﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ؛‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺸﻐﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )ﺷﻐﻞ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻹﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻒ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫)ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ CPU‬ﻓﻘﻂ(‪ .
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‫‪ D‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫)ﺗﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻧﻔﻴﺮﺗﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻧﻔﻴﺮﺗﺮ‪.
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‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪Eye-Fi‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ B‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪) Eye-Fi‬ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ ،Eye-Fi‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪ :d‬ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪ Eye-Fi‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜ ﱠﻦ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ‪Eye-Fi‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﹸﺼﺪﺭ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ‪ Eye-Fi‬ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ )‪ ،(349 0‬ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ ،Eye-Fi‬ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﱢﻊ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ‪ ،Eye-Fi‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ‪ Eye-Fi‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ؛ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﱢﻊ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ‪ Eye-Fi‬ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .
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‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ G‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪) N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺻﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ( ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ )ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‪.
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‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .J‬ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.(T) X‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﻳﻨﻘﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،(56 0) NEF + JPEG‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )‪ .NEF (RAW‬ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪.o‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.P‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪290‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪.J‬‬ ‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪.
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‫‪D-Lighting‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ D-Lighting‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻈﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.
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‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ "ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ" ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺃﻛﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ .
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‫ﺗﻬﺬﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻘﺘﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ؛ ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺻﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ (M) W‬ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺺ ‪ (T) X‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ (T) X‬ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺺ‪.
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‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻛﻦ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ )ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻛﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ؛ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺻﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪ 3 ،‬ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪.
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‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺯﺭﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺑﻤﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﺌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺩﺍﻓﺊ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻇﻼﻝ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻤﺮﺍﺀ "ﺩﺍﻓﺌﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.
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‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﺀ )‪(192 0‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺯﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.(T) X‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻴﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺗﻴﻦ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ؛ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ RAW‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ؛ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪58 ،55 0‬؛ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ(‪ .
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‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﺐ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪ .(T) X‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪298‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ .1‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ 2‬ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ ،J‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ‪.
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‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺍﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﺐ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ( ﻭﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻭ ‪ Picture Control‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪.
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‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ )‪NEF (RAW‬‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ‪ JPEG‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ )‪.NEF (RAW‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ )‪.NEF (RAW‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻮﺭ )‪NEF (RAW‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ )ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪ .((T) X‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ‪.JPEG‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ –2‬ﻭ ‪.EV +2‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ‪ Picture Control‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ‪.
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‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪ G‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ؛ ﻇﻠﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ )ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻣﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .((T) X‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ .8‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.
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‫ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺑﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫‪ D-Lighting‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 0.
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‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺑﺘﺸﻮﻩ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﺼﺤﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺻﻨﻊ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ )ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ؛ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪ .(241‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﻴﻠﻲ‪ 4 ،‬ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺩﻱ )ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ؛ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻮﻩ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻑ(‪ .
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‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺳﺎﺱ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻗﻼﻡ ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ .
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‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ )ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻑ(‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ K‬ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‪.
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‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ G‬ﺭﺯ‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻤﺠﺴﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ )ﺩﻳﻮﺭﺍﻣﺎ(‪ .‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺆﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺈﻃﺎﺭ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪(M) W‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ (M) W‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪3‬‬ ‫ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪.
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‫ﺗﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ )ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪.((T) X‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻟﻮﻥ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪7‬؛ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.
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‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ P‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﺤﺔ )ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ o‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.(P‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪P‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪ .
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‫‪ O‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪ m/‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ G‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪) O‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺑﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ )ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 20‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ )‪.(317 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﻑ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.
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‫❚❚ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ )‪ ،(O‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﺩ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺻﻮﺍﺏ‪ .
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‫❚❚ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ )‪ ،(O‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 2‬ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ .J‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ J‬ﻟﺤﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ A‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ .
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‫❚❚ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ )‪ ،(O‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪ 1‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 3‬ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ‪ 3-2‬ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ‪.
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‫ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ m‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ O‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ < ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ )‪ ،(O‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺩ ‪ m‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻞ ‪ m‬ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ .J‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ" ﺇﻟﻰ "ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ .
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‫‪n‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻭﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪AF‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪CPU‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪CPU‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ NIKKOR AF‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﺃﻭ ‪ E‬ﺃﻭ ‪D‬‬ ‫‪AF-I NIKKOR ،AF-S‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪318‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ‪PC-E NIKKOR‬‬ ‫‪ f/2.
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‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ AF-S‬ﻭ ‪ AF-I‬ﻓﻘﻂ )‪ .(321 0‬ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪.321‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ f/2.8‬ﻣﻢ‪ AF 200–80‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ f/2.
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‫‪ A‬ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ CPU‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ‪ E‬ﻭ‪D‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪) CPU‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﹰ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ‪ E‬ﻭ‪ ،(D‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ .IX-NIKKOR‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ‪ CPU‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ‪ ،CPU‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ‪ E‬ﻭ‪ D‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ ‪ E‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ‪AF-S/AF-I‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ‪ .AF-S/AF-I‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻣﻦ ‪ .f/5.6‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﺎ ﹰﺣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪ AF-S VR f/2.8G IF-ED‬ﻣﻢ‪.
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‫‪ A‬ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ Df‬ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪35‬ﻣﻢ )‪ .(135‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻗﺺ ‪ DX‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (52 0‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪35‬ﻣﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻔﻴﻠﻢ ‪35‬ﻣﻢ )‪23.9 × 36.0‬ﻣﻢ(؛ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ‪ ،DX‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ‪15.5 × 23.4‬ﻣﻢ )ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪.(DX‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪35‬ﻣﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ × 1.5‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺺ ‪ DX‬ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪.(24×16) DX‬‬ ‫‪ (36×24) FX‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‪23.9 × 36.
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‫ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ Df‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫• ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﺜﻴﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪:(19 ،18 0) EN-EL14a‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ ‪ .EN-EL14‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ ‪EN-EL14a‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺋﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﻭﻣﻤﺜﻠﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺷﺎﺣﻦ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪ :(18 0) MH-24‬ﺃﻋﺪ ﺷﺤﻦ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ ‪ EN-EL14a‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪.
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‫• ﻭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ ‪ :DK-19‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ‪ DK-19‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺇﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺑﺘﺮ ‪ :DK-17C‬ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﻮﺑﺘﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪ –3‬ﻭ ‪ –2‬ﻭ ‪ 0‬ﻭ ‪ +1‬ﻭ ‪ +2‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ .–1‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺑﺘﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺑﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ )‪ -3‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫• ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ :Capture NX 2‬ﺑﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻓﺮﺷﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ :Camera Control Pro 2‬ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ Camera Control Pro 2‬ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫‪ c‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪.
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‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺢ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ )‪ (q‬ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ )‪.(w‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪.EP-5A‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﺎﻧ ﹰﺒﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.
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‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ ‪.EH-5b‬‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻤﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻤﻘﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ )‪ (q‬ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ EP-5A‬ﺑﻤﻘﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ )‪.(w‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﻣﺰ ‪ V‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻤﺘﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﺰﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺟﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻔﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻄﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺧﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻑ ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‪ .
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‫ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﺝ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺸﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺃﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫❚❚ "ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻵﻥ"‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪ G‬ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪.
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‫❚❚ "ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﺀ‪/‬ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ"‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﺀ‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﺀ ﻭﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻳﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‪ .‬ﻇﻠﻞ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺯﺭ ‪G‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.J‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﻒ ﺷﺮﻃﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ .
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‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ‪.8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﺎﺥ ﻫﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﺎﺥ ﺑﻔﺮﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺷﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻟﻤﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺨﺬ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ Df‬ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻠﺘﺼﻖ ﺑﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﻘﻄﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺎﻓﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﻤﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺻﺪﺃ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻒ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﻪ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﻣﺴﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻓﻖ ﺑﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﻼﺡ ﺑﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ ﻣﺒﻠﻠﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﹰ ﺑﻤﺎﺀ ﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﺛﻢ ﺟﻔﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ ‪ .LCD‬ﻻ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺘﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ .
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‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ؛ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،%99.99‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ %0.01‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ )ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ( ﺃﻭ ﻣﻄﻔﺄﺓ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﹰ‬ ‫)ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ(‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻄﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪ .
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‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪338‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺤﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺸﺤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺰ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺣﺠﺰ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ‪ .
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‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ )ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ‪(P‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻊ ‪:P‬‬ ‫‪ISO 100‬؛ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻗﺼﻮﻯ ‪ f/1.4‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ‪) f/16‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ f/1.4G‬ﻣﻢ‪(AF-S NIKKOR 50‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪[E‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪f/1‬‬ ‫‪16 16 15‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪f/1.4‬‬ ‫‪f/2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪f/5.6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪f/16 − f/1.4‬‬ ‫‪f/2.
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‫ﺗﺤﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻞ ﻭﺇﺻﻼﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺯﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/‬ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﻛﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﻝ ﺛﻢ ﺃﻋﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺩﺩ‪ .
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‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺪﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻘﻔﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻟﻬﺎ )‪.(29 ،19 0‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻺﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ‪) f9‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ؛ ‪.(269 0‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪.(32 0‬‬ ‫• ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ‪ CPU‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻘﻔﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ )ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ ‪ .
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‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺣﺮﺭ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ )‪.(64 0‬‬ ‫• ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪ (62 0‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ )‪ (177 0‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ )‪ (185 0‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ )‪.(224 0‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺯﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ )‪.(33 0‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ )‪.
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‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ P‬ﺃﻭ‪ S‬ﺃﻭ ‪،39 ،38 0) A‬‬ ‫‪.(41‬‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺿﻮﺿﺎﺀ )ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻮﻫﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ( ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ )‪.(242 0‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺳﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﻴﺔ )‪.(75 0‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪.(174 0) M‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪.
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‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ )‪.(289 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫)‪.(230 0‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ )‪.(203 ،35 0‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ )‪.(22 0‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ )‪ NEF (RAW‬ﺃﻭ ‪ TIFF‬ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ .USB‬ﺍﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺍﻃﺒﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪) ViewNX 2‬ﻣﺮﻓﻖ( ﺃﻭ ‪) Capture NX 2‬ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ؛‬ ‫‪ .
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‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ )‪.(276 ،27 0‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.
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‫ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﻣﺾ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫• ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ‪CPU AI‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ )ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪ G‬ﻭ‪.(E‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫• ﺍﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺤﺔ )ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺆﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫‪2 4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﻣﺾ(‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ ISO‬ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫• ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ؛ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﻣﺾ( ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪ j n‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﻣﺾ( )ﻳﻮﻣﺾ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﻔﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﻣﺾ(‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪348‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫• ﻗﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ S .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪363‬‬ ‫• ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ • ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫• ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ‪،W .‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪ .
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺖ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ .‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺊ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫]‪[C‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﻳﻮﻣﺾ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺤﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫*‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻩ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﺎﻟﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫❚❚ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ‪Df‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ‪) F‬ﺑﺄﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺑﺆﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ(‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪ FX‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪ 16.2‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪23.9 × 36.0 CMOS‬ﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪352‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻛﺲ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪ 16.
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‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺑﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺁﺓ ﻋﺎﻛﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻤﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺧﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫• ‪ :(24×36) FX‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﹰﺒﺎ ‪ %100‬ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ‪ %100‬ﺭﺃﺳﻲ‬ ‫• ‪ :(16×24) DX‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﹰﺒﺎ ‪ %97‬ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ‪ %97‬ﺭﺃﺳﻲ‬ ‫‪ × 0.7‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﹰﺒﺎ )ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻢ ‪ f/1.4‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ –1.0 ،‬ﻡ‪(–1‬‬ ‫‪–1‬‬ ‫‪ 15‬ﻣﻢ )‪ –1.
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‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪) S‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ(‪) CL ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ(‪) CH ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ(‪،‬‬ ‫‪) J‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻟﻖ( ‪) E ،‬ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ(‪) MUP ،‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺁﺓ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ(‬ ‫‪ 5–1‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‪/‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪ (CL‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 5.5‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‪/‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪(CH‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺘﺎﻥ‪ 5 ،‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ 10 ،‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ 20 ،‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛ ‪ 9–1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﺑﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ‪ 0.
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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫)ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪ISO‬‬ ‫‪ 12800 – ISO 100‬ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪ .EV /3‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﹰ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪0.3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺃﻭ ‪ 0.7‬ﺃﻭ ‪ EV 1‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﹰ )ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ ‪ (ISO 50‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ ISO 100‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 0.3‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ(‬ ‫‪ 0.
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‫ﻓﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ EV +1 – –3‬ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪EV /3‬‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻲﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺤﻦ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ؛ ﻳﻮﻣﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ‪ ISO 518‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻔﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪ SB-910‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ SB-900 Creative Lighting System‬ﺃﻭ ‪ SB-800‬ﺃﻭ ‪ SB-700‬ﻛﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‬ ‫)‪ (CLS‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ SB-600‬ﺃﻭ ‪ SB-R200‬ﻛﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ‪ SU-800‬ﻛﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ؛‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ
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‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫‪USB‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ )‪ 4‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 9‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 72‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ( ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﻡ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫‪ USB‬ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺝ ‪HDMI‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ‪ HDMI‬ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ‪C‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ‪ WR-R10‬ﻭ‪) WR-1‬ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺓ(‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‪) MC-DC2 :‬ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ(‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ‪) GP-1A/GP-1 :GPS‬ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻋ
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‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪° 0‬ﻡ ‪° –40‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪ %85‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ(‬ ‫• ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )‪° 3± 23 :(CIPA‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‪ .‬ﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪.
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‫‪ f/1.8G‬ﻣﻢ‪(Special Edition) AF-S NIKKOR 50‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ AF-S G‬ﺑﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ CPU‬ﻣﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪F‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ 50‬ﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻗﺼﻮﻯ‬ ‫‪f/1.
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‫‪ f/1.8G‬ﻣﻢ‪(Special Edition) AF-S NIKKOR 50‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﻊ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ‪ f/1.8G‬ﻣﻢ‪ (Special Edition) AF-S NIKKOR 50‬ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.
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‫‪ D‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫• ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻮﺻﻼﺕ ‪.CPU‬‬ ‫• ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻹﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‪ .
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‫‪ A‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫• ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪ DCF‬ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ‪ :2.0‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫)‪ (DCF‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ :DPOF‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ )‪ (DPOF‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ Exif‬ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ‪ :2.3‬ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ‪) Exif‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ( ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ،2.
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‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪ SD‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪.
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‫ﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪ SanDisk Extreme Pro SDHC UHS-I‬ﺳﻌﺔ ‪ 8‬ﺟﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )‪،(55 0‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )‪ ،(58 0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ )‪.(51 0‬‬ ‫❚❚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪(24×36) FX‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪ 12 ،‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪ 14 ،‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 12‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 14‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ 15.4‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪279‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ 19.
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‫❚❚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪(16×24) DX‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫*‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪ 12 ،‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪ 14،‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 12‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 14‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ 7.2‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪618‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ 8.9‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪484‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ 6.6‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪818‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ 7.9‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪692‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫)‪ ،NEF (RAW‬ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ‪ 12 ،‬ﺑﺖ‬ ‫—‬ ‫‪ 12.
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‫‪—d6 A‬ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ )‪(254 0‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ EN-EL14a‬ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ )‪1400 :1 (CIPA‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﹰ‬ ‫• ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﹰ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ ‪ 2900 :2‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﹰ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪° 23‬ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ )‪° 2±‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ( ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪ f/1.
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‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ‬ ‫‪) P‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺞ(‪38 ...........................................‬‬ ‫‪) S‬ﻏﺎﻟﻖ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ( ‪39 ............................................‬‬ ‫‪) A‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‪-‬ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ(‪41 ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪) M‬ﻳﺪﻭﻱ( ‪42 .....................................................................‬‬ ‫‪) B‬ﻓﺘﺢ(‪44 ......................................................................‬‬ ‫‪) T‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ( ‪44 ...................................................................
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‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪240 ،191 ...............................................................RGB‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪) S‬ﺻﻐﻴﺮ(‪58 ....................................................................‬‬ ‫‪240 ......................................................................sRGB‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪55 ........................................................................... TIFF‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪194 ،171 ،26 ........................................................ UTC‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪141 ،81 .........................................................
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‫ﺑﻄﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪27 .........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪364 ،363 ،272 ،22 ،19........................‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪364 ،363 ،272 ،22 ،19 ....................SD‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺬﻑ ‪233 .............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻌﻴﺔ ‪75 .........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ )ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﻲ( ‪316 ...............................................‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻛﻦ )ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ(‪294 ....................................
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‫ﺗﻬﺬﻳﺐ‪293 ......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ‪272 ،22......................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪141 ،81......................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ ‪93 .........................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ‪296 ...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪55 ..............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺿﻐﻂ ‪57 .................
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‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ‪214 .....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ )‪217 ....................................................... (DPOF‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ‪217 ........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪325 ،170 ..............................................‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ‪117 ..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪117 ..............................................‬‬ ‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ )ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ(‪234 ...
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‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ‪269 ...................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ‪131 ،121 ................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ ‪69 ،66 ،31 ..................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‪43 ..........................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪69 ،66 ،32 .........................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺭﻱ‪360 ،23 .......................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‪156 ،48.................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪251 ،170 ،33 ...
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‫ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺎ ﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ ﹰ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﺎﺕ( ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺭﺑﻮﺭﻳﺸﻦ‪.