™ Netopia R3100 ISDN Routers User’s Reference Guide
Copyright Copyright 1997 - 98, Netopia, Inc. v.0300 All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. This manual and any associated artwork, software and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format. Netopia, Inc. 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda, CA 94501-1010 U.S.A.
Contents Welcome to the Netopia R3100 User’s Reference Guide. This guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen.
ii User’s Reference Guide Configuring TCP/IP on Windows 95, 98, or NT computers ......................................................... 3-10 Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers ........ 3-14 Chapter 4 — Connecting Your Local Area Network .....................4-1 Overview ....................................................................... 4-1 Readying computers on your local network....................... 4-2 Connecting to an Ethernet network.................................. 4-3 10Base-T......
Contents iii IP Easy Setup ...................................................... 7-9 Easy Setup Security............................................ 7-10 Configuring Frame Relay ............................................... 7-11 Easy Setup Frame Relay screens......................... 7-12 WAN Configuration Frame Relay screens .............. 7-13 Frame Relay configuration ................................... 7-14 Frame Relay DLCI configuration ...........................
iv User’s Reference Guide Advanced calling features............................................... 9-5 Line provisioning .................................................. 9-5 Configuring supplementary services ...................... 9-6 Chapter 10 — Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile .......10-1 Cost control feature -- call accounting............................ 10-1 Viewing call accounting statistics ........................ 10-2 Scheduled connections ............................................
Contents IPX address ....................................................... Socket .............................................................. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ....................... Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)....................... NetBIOS ............................................................ IPX Spoofing ...................................................... IPX setup........................................................... IPX routing tables ......................
vi User’s Reference Guide SNMP traps ..................................................... 14-14 Chapter 15 — Security ...........................................................15-1 Suggested security measures ....................................... 15-1 User accounts ............................................................. 15-2 Dial-in Console Access ................................................. 15-3 Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web Server................... 15-4 Telnet access ..................
Contents Using the SecurID token card............................ Security authentication components .................. Configuring for security authentication ............... Connecting using security authentication ........... vii 15-37 15-38 15-38 15-39 Chapter 16 — Utilities and Diagnostics ...................................16-1 Ping ............................................................................ 16-2 Telnet client.................................................................
viii User’s Reference Guide Appendix B — Setting Up Telco Services ...................................B-1 Obtaining an ISDN line ................................................... B-1 Finding an ISDN service provider ........................... B-1 Choosing an ISDN line .......................................... B-1 Ordering an ISDN line ........................................... B-1 Completing the ISDN worksheet......................................
Contents ix Nested IP subnets ....................................................... E-10 Broadcasts.................................................................. E-12 Packet header types........................................... E-12 Appendix F — Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior ................... F-1 Network Configuration .................................................... F-1 Background ................................................................... F-1 Exported services .................
x User’s Reference Guide Appendix J — Binary Conversion Table....................................... J-1 Appendix K — Further Reading..................................................K-1 Appendix L — Technical Specifications and Safety Information ... L-1 Pinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable ........................... L-1 Description.................................................................... L-3 Power requirements ............................................. L-3 Environment ..................
Configuration options for your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router can be used in different ways depending on your needs. In general, you will probably want to use it in one or more of the following ways: (Click on one of these links) ■ “1. Small Office connection to the Internet” with several computers in your office sharing a single IP address (Network Address Translation enabled) ■ “2.
1. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Office connections to the Internet, using a single dynamic IP address with Network Address Translation (NAT) enabled, you should use the following configuration option: ■ the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and running with the minimum difficulty. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3.
2. Small Office connection to the Internet For Small Office connections to the Internet, using a block of IP addresses (Network Address Translation disabled), you use both of the following configuration tools: ■ the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. This is the fastest and simplest way to get you up and running with the minimum difficulty. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3.
3. Direct Connection to a Corporate Office (Telecommuter) For direct connections to a Corporate Office, you can use either one of two configuration options: ■ the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3. ■ manual configuration using console-based management. This option allows maximum flexibility for experienced users and administrators.
4. Configured to accept incoming dial-up connections To configure the Netopia R3100 to accept incoming dial-up connections, you should use the following configuration option: ■ use the SmartStart™ Wizard, to configure your outbound connection to an ISP. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3. ■ manual configuration using console-based management. You will go to WAN configuration and add one or more dial-in Connection Profiles.
5. Configured for IDSL If you have the Netopia R3100-I IDSL model you can use either one of two configuration options: ■ the SmartStart™ Wizard, included on your Netopia R3100 CD. For instructions on this option, see “Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard” on page 3-3. ■ However, you may wish to skip directly to manual configuration using console-based management. This option allows maximum flexibility for experienced users and administrators, yet is very simple for the IDSL WAN interface.
Part I: Getting Started
User’s Reference Guide
Introduction 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction Overview The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router is a full-featured, stand-alone, multiprotocol router for connecting diverse local area networks (LANs) to the Internet and other remote networks. The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router uses a high performance telecommunications line to provide your whole network with a high-speed connection to the outside world.
1-2 User’s Reference Guide per-profile statistics ■ Console-based Telnet client ■ UNIX syslog client ■ Status lights (LEDs) for easy monitoring and troubleshooting ■ SmartStart™ Wizard software for easy configuration over an Ethernet network connection. The SmartStart Wizard may include an optional automatic registration with one of several major ISPs, making the process as simple as completing a registration form.
Making the Physical Connections 2-1 Chapter 2 Making the Physical Connections This section tells you how to make the physical connections to your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router.
2-2 User’s Reference Guide Acrobat® Reader for Windows and Macintosh, ZTerm terminal emulator software and NCSA Telnet 2.6 for Macintosh You will need: ■ A Windows 95, 98, or NT-based PC or a Macintosh with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia R3100. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on card, with TCP/IP installed. ■ An ISDN telephone line.
Making the Physical Connections 2-3 Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Back Panel Ports The figure below displays the back of the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router (models R3100-S, SP, U, UP).
2-4 User’s Reference Guide The following table describes all the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router back panel ports. Port Power port Line or Telco port Console port Auxiliary port Crossover switch 8-port Ethernet hub S/T Termination switch Description A mini-DIN8 power adapter cable connection. A telephone-style jack labelled “Telco1” or “Line” for your WAN connection. Use the “Telco 1" or “Line 1" port, NOT “Telco 2" or “Line 2." A DE-9 console port for a direct serial connection to the console screens.
Making the Physical Connections 2-5 Port Description 2 Phone ports (POTS models only) Netopia R3100 models that support SmartPhone™ provide two RJ-11 telephone jacks for connecting analog devices, such as a telephone, facsimile machine, or modem. * (UK users, see Note below) The POTS ports are configured by default to support call hold, call retrieve and the Flexible Call Offering (FCO) features known as Conference, Drop, and Transfer.
2-6 User’s Reference Guide Netopia R3100 ISDN Router Status Lights The figure below represents the Netopia R3100 status light (LED) panel.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-1 Chapter 3 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard Once you’ve connected your router to your computer and your telecommunications line and installed a web browser, you’re ready to run the Netopia SmartStart™ Wizard. The SmartStart Wizard will help you set up the router and share the connection.
3-2 User’s Reference Guide Before running SmartStart Be sure you have connected the cables and power source as described in Step 1 “Connect the Router” guide contained in your Netopia folio. Before you launch the SmartStart application, make sure your computer meets the following requirements: PC System software Connectivity software Windows 95, 98, or NT operating system Macintosh MacOS 7.5 or later MacTCP or Open Transport TCP/IP must be installed and properly configured.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-3 Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard The SmartStart Wizard is tailored for your platform, but it works the same way on either a PC or a Macintosh. Insert the Netopia CD, and in the desktop navigation screen that appears, launch the SmartStart Wizard application. SmartStart Wizard configuration screens The screens described in this section are the default screens shipped on the Netopia CD. They derive from two initialization (.
3-4 User’s Reference Guide Easy or Advanced options screen. You can choose either Easy or Advanced setup. ■ If you choose Easy, SmartStart automatically uses the preconfigured IP addressing setup built into your router. This is the best choice if you are creating a new network or don’t already have an IP addressing scheme on your new network. If you choose Easy, you will see a “Connection Test screen,” like the one shown below while SmartStart checks the connection to your router.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-5 SmartStart. See the on-line User’s Reference Guide for instructions. When the test is successful, SmartStart presents you with a different screen, depending on the type of router you are configuring. ■ If you are configuring a router that defaults to an unswitched interface, such as IDSL, you will see the “Additional Configuration screen,” shown below. Additional Configuration screen.
3-6 User’s Reference Guide Additional ISDN Configuration screen. For ISDN dial-up connections, enter your Directory Numbers (DNs) and for North America only, Service Profile Identifiers (SPIDs). Your telephone company should have provided this information on an information sheet when your ISDN line was installed. If no additional ISDN configuration information is needed, this screen will not appear. Skip to “Manual or Automated Connection Profile screen” on page 3-6 below.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-7 ■ Optionally, an alternate DNS if your ISP provided one If you select Manual Entry, the “Connection Profile screen,” shown below appears. Internet Service Provider Selection screen. Select an ISP from the list of Netopia ISP partners who have provided information for automatic setup. Choose Generic ISP if your ISP is not included on the list.
3-8 User’s Reference Guide Name and Password screen. Enter the username and password that identifies you to your ISP. Note: Some automated profiles already specify name and password for you. in this case, the screen is filled out for you and automatically skipped. When you have done this, click Next. The SmartStart Wizard then posts your connection profile information to your router. Now the “Connection Profile Test screen,” (shown below) appears.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-9 Advanced option Router IP Address screen. If you selected the Advanced option in the “Easy or Advanced options screen” on page 3-4, SmartStart asks you to choose between entering the router’s current IP address and assigning an IP address to the router. If the router has already been assigned an IP address, select the first radio button. If you do this, the “Known IP Address screen,” appears (shown below.
3-10 User’s Reference Guide New IP Address screen. If you want to change the router’s IP address, you enter the new IP address, the subnet mask, and the router’s serial number in this screen. Remember, the serial number is on the bottom of the router. It is also found in your documentation folio. Note: Forcing a new IP address may turn off the Netopia R3100’s IP address serving capabilities, if you assign an IP address and subnet mask outside the router’s current IP address serving pool.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-11 Dynamic configuration (recommended) If you configure your Netopia R3100 using SmartStart, you can accept the dynamic IP address assigned by your router. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, which enables dynamic addressing, is enabled by default in the router. If your PC is not set for dynamic addressing, SmartStart will offer to do this for you when you launch it. In that case, you will have to restart your PC and relaunch SmartStart.
3-12 User’s Reference Guide Static configuration (optional) If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP address, perform the following: 1. Go to Start Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Configuration tab. 2. Select TCP/IP-->Your Network Card. Then select Properties. In the TCP/IP Properties screen (shown below), select the IP Address tab. Click “Specify an IP Address.” Enter the following: IP Address: 192.168.1.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-13 3. Click on the Gateway tab (shown below). Under “New gateway,” enter 192.168.1.1. Click Add. This is the Netopia R3100’s pre-assigned IP address. Click on the DNS Configuration tab. Click Enable DNS. Enter the following information: Host: Type the name you want to give to this computer. Domain: Type your domain name. If you don't have a domain name, type your ISP's domain name; for example, netopia.com.
3-14 User’s Reference Guide Configuring TCP/IP on Macintosh computers The following is a quick guide to configuring TCP/IP for MacOS computers. Configuring TCP/IP in a Macintosh computer requires the following: You must have either Open Transport or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-15 Static configuration (optional) If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP address, perform the following: 1. Go to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then TCP/IP or MacTCP. 2. With the TCP/IP window open, go to the Edit menu and select User Mode. Choose Advanced and click OK. Or, in the MacTCP window, select Ethernet and click the More button. 3.
3-16 User’s Reference Guide Dynamic configuration using MacIP (optional) If you want to use MacIP to dynamically assign IP addresses to the Macintosh computers on your network you must install the optional AppleTalk feature set kit. Note: You cannot use MacIP dynamic configuration to configure your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router because you must first configure the router in order to enable AppleTalk. Once the AppleTalk kit is installed, you can configure your Macintoshes for MacIP.
Setting up your Router with the SmartStart Wizard 3-17 Using Classic Networking (MacTCP) 1. Go to the Apple Menu. Select Control Panels and then Network. 2. In the Network window, select EtherTalk. 3. Go back to the Apple menu. Select Control Panels and then MacTCP. 4. Select EtherTalk. From the pull-down menu under EtherTalk, select an available zone; then click the More button. In the MacTCP/More window select the Server radio button.
3-18 User’s Reference Guide
Connecting Your Local Area Network 4-1 Chapter 4 Connecting Your Local Area Network This chapter describes how physically to connect the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router to your local area network (LAN). Before you proceed, make sure the Netopia R3100 is properly configured. You can customize the Router’s configuration for your particular LAN requirements using Console-based Management (see “Console-based Management” on page 6-1).
4-2 User’s Reference Guide Readying computers on your local network PC and Macintosh computers must have certain components installed before they can communicate through the Netopia R3100. The following illustration shows the minimal requirements for a typical PC or Macintosh computer.
Connecting Your Local Area Network 4-3 Connecting to an Ethernet network The Netopia R3100 supports Ethernet connections through its eight Ethernet ports. The Router automatically detects which Ethernet port is in use. You can connect either 10Base-T or 10/100 Ethernet networks to the Netopia R3100. 10Base-T You can connect a standard 10Base-T Ethernet network to the Netopia R3100 using any of its available Ethernet ports.
4-4 User’s Reference Guide If you have more than eight devices to connect, you can attach additional devices using either a 10Base-T hub or an EtherWave daisy chain, or some combination of both. ■ If you add devices connected through a 10 Base-T or 10/100 Ethernet hub, connect the hub to Ethernet port number 1 on the Netopia R3100 and set the Normal/Uplink switch to Uplink.
Connecting Your Local Area Network 4-5 Remote console You may want to add an external modem to your Auxiliary port. Remote modem terminal emulator setups can dial in to the modem line and establish a remote console session. This allows an administrator with the appropriate security to remotely configure your router for you. Obtain the special external modem cable (Netopia Part Number TE6/DB25) either from your reseller or directly from Netopia.
4-6 User’s Reference Guide Connecting to a LocalTalk network If you have purchased the AppleTalk Kit (part number TER/ATI), you can also connect the Router to an AppleTalk network that uses either Ethernet or LocalTalk. Refer to the sheet of optional feature set add-ons in your Netopia R3100 documentation folio. The AppleTalk feature expansion kit includes a dual RJ-11 PhoneNET® connector that attaches to the Auxiliary port on the Netopia R3100.
Connecting Your Local Area Network 4-7 Wiring guidelines for PhoneNET cabling Topology 22 gauge .642 mm 24 gauge .510 mm daisy chain n/a n/a backbone 4500 ft. 1372 m 1125 ft. 343 m 3000 ft. 914 m 3000 ft. 229 m 750 ft. 229 m 2000 ft. 610 m 4-branch passive star* LocalTalk StarController 12-branch active star * distance is per branch 26 gauge .403 mm 1800 ft. 549 m 1800 ft. 549 m 450 ft. 137 m 1200 ft.
4-8 User’s Reference Guide
SmartView 5-1 Chapter 5 SmartView This chapter discusses SmartView, the Netopia R3100’s device and network web-based monitoring tool. This tool can provide statistical information, report on current network status, record events, and help in diagnosing and locating problems.
5-2 User’s Reference Guide Connection Profile Information Machine Information History Logs DNS Alternate Connect/Disconnect Navigating SmartView You access the SmartView monitor by launching your web browser and entering the URL: http://router_IP_Address/smartview.html where router_IP_address is the address of your router. The default address is 198.162.1.1. Once you have invoked the SmartView pages, bookmark SmartView in your browser for easy access.
SmartView 5-3 Connection Profiles page The Connection Profiles page displays the currently active Connection Profile, and any alternate profiles you may have created. You can switch from one Connection Profile to another by disconnecting from one, and connecting to another. ■ To hang up the current connection, and establish the one you select, click the Disconnect button for the currently active Connection Profile. ■ Click the tab for the Connection Profile you want to activate.
5-4 User’s Reference Guide The router’s event histories are structured to display the most recent events first, and to make it easy to distinguish error messages from informational messages. Error messages are prefixed with an asterisk. Both the WAN Event History and Device Event History pages retain records of up to 128 of the most recent events. Which events are logged is controlled by the logging function in System Configuration. See “Logging” on page 8-17.
SmartView 5-5 Standard HTML web-based monitoring pages You can also view connection profile information and event histories in the Web-based monitoring pages. These pages are provided for users without Java-enabled browsers. Unlike the SmartView pages, they are not dynamically updated. You access the web-based monitoring pages by launching your web browser and entering the URL: http://router_IP_address where router_IP_address is the address of your router. The default address is 198.162.1.1.
5-6 User’s Reference Guide
Console-based Management 6-1 Chapter 6 Console-based Management This chapter describes how to use the Console-based management screens on your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. The console screens provide an alternate method for experienced users to configure their router without using SmartStart. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.
6-2 User’s Reference Guide Note about screen differences. Netopia R3100 models offering different feature sets will have variations in the fields on certain screens. For example, there are switched (dial-up ISDN) and leased (Synchronous/Asynchronous, T1, and IDSL) line models, as well as models that offer feature subsets such as AppleTalk, SmartIP (Network Address Translation and DHCP) and SmartPhone (Plain Old Telephone Service).
Console-based Management 6-3 Before you can access the console screens through Telnet, you must have: ■ a network connection locally to the router or IP access to the router through the WAN port. This could be the same connection as the one you used with SmartStart and the "Easy" path. If you used the default configuration for SmartStart, your IP address will be 192.168.1.1.
6-4 User’s Reference Guide To connect the Netopia R3100 to your computer for serial console communication, use the supplied dual console cable connector end appropriate to your platform: ■ one DE-9 connector end attaches to a PC ■ the mini-DIN8 connector end attaches to a Macintosh ■ the DE-9 end of the Console cable attaches to the Netopia R3100’s Console port If you are configuring your router via a terminal session, your computer must be running a standard terminal emulation or communications softw
Console-based Management 6-5 Navigating through the console screens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia R3100’s configuration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens. To... Use These Keys...
6-6 User’s Reference Guide
Easy Setup 7-1 Chapter 7 Easy Setup This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. The Easy Setup console screens provide an alternate method for experienced users to set up their router’s Connection Profiles without using SmartStart. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.
7-2 User’s Reference Guide A screen similar to the following appears: Netopia R3100-UP v4.3 Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View... Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen.
Easy Setup 7-3 Beginning Easy Setup To begin Easy Setup, select Easy Setup in the Main Menu, then press Return. The Easy Setup screen appears. For an IDSL router, skip to “IDSL Easy Setup” on page 7-6. ISDN Easy Setup Circuit Type... Switch Type... ISDN, Switched National ISDN-1 (NI-1) Detected Directory Number 1: Directory Number 2: SPID 1: SPID 2: 5088324614 5088324615 50883246141 50883246152 Detected Detected Pass Pass PBX Prefix: Data Link Encapsulation...
7-4 User’s Reference Guide IDSL, CMN if your leased line service provider uses Copper Mountain equipment (this is the default for model R3100-I) Note: The Switch Type, SPIDs, and Directory Numbers apply only to Switched ISDN service. If you select either IDSL option, these fields are not displayed. If you select ISDN, Leased as your circuit type, select Data Rate (kbps). From the pop-up menu, select the appropriate B-channel, such as B1, B2, B1+B2, or 2B+D. Then skip to step 8.
Easy Setup 7-5 already detected the switch type automatically. If you know your switch type, you can choose CANCEL and select one of the other options manually. If the switch type has already been detected, the screen (as shown on page 7-3) will so indicate. If the switch type has not been detected, the screen will indicate “Failed,” and you should select it manually from the other available options in the popup menu.
7-6 User’s Reference Guide If the router detected your SPIDs successfully, the screen (as shown on page 7-3) displays them and indicates “Pass,” meaning that the entered SPIDs initialized. If the SPIDs are entered incorrectly, the fields will remain blank and the screen will indicate “Fail.” You must then re-enter them manually. 5. U models: Select SPID 1 and enter the primary SPID number.
Easy Setup 7-7 Choose your Data Link Encapsulation method. Frame Relay is the default. The choice of Frame relay or ATM FUNI depends information supplied to you by your DSL service provider. Easy Setup Profile The Easy Setup Connection Profile screen is where you configure the parameters that control the ISDN Netopia Router’s connection to a specific remote destination, usually another network.
7-8 User’s Reference Guide When using numbered interfaces, the Netopia Router will use its local WAN IP address and subnet mask to send packets to the remote router. Both routers have WAN IP addresses and subnet masks associated with the connection. If your ISP uses Unnumbered (System-based Routing) or your datalink encapsulation is not Frame Relay, select Remote IP Address and enter the IP address your ISP gave you.
Easy Setup 7-9 IP Easy Setup The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router’s: ■ IP address ■ Subnet mask ■ Default gateway IP address ■ Domain name server IP address ■ IP address serving information, such as the number of client IP addresses and the 1st client address; and You should consult with your network administrator to obtain the information you will need.
7-10 User’s Reference Guide 5. The Default IP Gateway defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection profile. If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP traffic, it forwards that traffic to this gateway – set to 127.0.0.2 if your ISP does not otherwise specify. Do not confuse the remote IP address and the default gateway’s IP address with the block of local IP addresses you receive from your ISP.
Easy Setup 7-11 Easy Setup Security Configuration It is strongly suggested that you password-protect configuration access to your Netopia. By entering a Name and Password pair here, access via serial, PC Card, Telnet, SNMP and Web Server will be password-protected. Be sure to remember what you have typed here, because you will be prompted for it each time you configure this Netopia.
7-12 User’s Reference Guide Easy Setup Frame Relay screens Main Menu Easy Setup ISDN Easy Setup ISDN Easy Setup Circuit Type... Switch Type... Switched EuroISDN/ETSI Directory Number 1: Directory Number 2: 5105776430 5105776431 PBX Prefix: Data Link Encapsulation... +-------------+ +-------------+ | PPP | | HDLC | | Frame Relay | +-------------+ TO MAIN MENU NEXT SCREEN For IDSL routers, Frame Relay encapsulation is the default. IDSL Easy Setup Data Link Encapsulation...
Easy Setup 7-13 WAN Configuration Frame Relay screens The ISDN Line Configuration menu also offers the options of either PPP, HDLC, or Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation method. Main Menu WAN Configuration WAN Setup ISDN Line Configuration Circuit Type... Switch Type... Switched EuroISDN/ETSI Directory Number 1: Directory Number 2: 5105776430 5105776431 PBX Prefix: Data Link Encapsulation...
7-14 User’s Reference Guide Frame Relay configuration If you chose Frame Relay as your datalink encapsulation type you can now configure the Frame Relay options. WAN Configuration WAN (Wide Area Network) Setup... Display/Change Connection Profile... Add Connection Profile... Delete Connection Profile... Default Answer Profile... Scheduled Connections... Frame Relay Configuration... Frame Relay DLCI Configuration... Establish WAN Connection... Disconnect WAN Connection...
Easy Setup 7-15 Note: The default configuration for the model R3100-I is No LMI as an LMI Type and DLCI 16 is statically configured. This is appropriate for current versions of the Copper Mountain DSLAM firmware. Future versions of the Copper Mountain firmware may support multiple statically configured DLCIs or DLCIs other than 16, or an LMI setting other than No LMI.
7-16 User’s Reference Guide Note: Some Frame Relay service providers allow for over-subscription of the DLCIs, which occurs when the total number of CIRs for all PVCs exceeds the line rate setup. 3. Select Congestion Management Enabled and toggle to Yes or No depending on whether you use this selection. Press Return. If Congestion Management is enabled, this option causes the Netopia Router to use in-bound FECNs (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification).
Easy Setup 7-17 To go to the Frame Relay DLCI configuration screen, select Frame Relay DLCI Configuration in the WAN Configuration screen. Frame Relay DLCI Configuration Display/Change DLCIs... Add DLCI... Delete DLCI... Add, delete, and modify DLCIs from here. Displaying a Frame Relay DLCI configuration table To display a view-only table of the Frame Relay DLCIs, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Configuration screen, and press Return.
7-18 User’s Reference Guide Changing a Frame Relay DLCI configuration To modify a Frame Relay DLCI configuration, select Display/Change DLCIs in the Frame Relay DLCI Configuration screen. Select a DLCI Name from the table and press Return to go to the Change DLCI screen. The parameters in this screen are the same as the parameters in the Add DLCI screen. To find out how to set them, see “Adding a Frame Relay DLCI configuration” on page 7-19.
Easy Setup 7-19 Adding a Frame Relay DLCI configuration To add a new Frame Relay DLCI, select Add DLCI in the Frame Relay DLCI Configuration screen and press Return. The Add DLCI screen appears. Add DLCI DLCI Name: DLCI 16 DLCI Enabled: Yes DLCI Number (16-991): 16 Remote IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Data Flow Parameters---------------Use Default---------Value---CIR: Yes Bc: Yes Be: Yes ADD DLCI NOW CANCEL Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes.
7-20 User’s Reference Guide Identifier). The setting defaults to 64000, but you may modify the committed burst size by toggling the selection in the Use Default field to No. You can then enter a different committed burst size in the Value field. ■ The Be (Excess Burst Size) represents the maximum amount of data that your Frame Relay service provider will attempt to deliver to a given PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) or DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier).
Part II: Advanced Configuration
User’s Reference Guide
WAN and System Configuration 8-1 Chapter 8 WAN and System Configuration This chapter describes how to use the console-based management screens to access and configure advanced features of your Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. You can customize these features for your individual setup. These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router’s connection profiles and system configuration.
8-2 User’s Reference Guide The Add Connection Profile screen appears. Add Connection Profile Profile Name: Profile Enabled: Profile 02 Yes IP Enabled: IP Profile Parameters... Yes IPX Enabled: No Data Link Encapsulation... Data Link Options... PPP Telco Options... ADD PROFILE NOW CANCEL Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes. Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? ADD or CANCEL to exit.
WAN and System Configuration 8-3 4. Toggle or enter any IP Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape. For more information, see “IP Setup and Network Address Translation” on page 11-1. 5. If you will be connecting with an IPX remote network, toggle IPX Enabled to Yes, and press Return. Otherwise, accept the default No. If you enable IPX routing, an IPX Profile Parameters menu item becomes available. Select IPX Profile Parameters and press Return.
8-4 User’s Reference Guide 7. Select Datalink Options and press Return. The Datalink Options screen appears. Datalink (PPP/MP) Options Data Compression... Ascend LZS Send Authentication... PAP Send User Name: Send Password: Receive User Name: Receive Password: Channel Usage... Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation... BAP Maximum Packet Size: 1500 In this Screen you will configure the PPP/MP specific connection params. You can accept the defaults, or change them if you wish.
WAN and System Configuration 8-5 8. Select Telco Options and press return. the Telco Options screen appears. Note: For IDSL routers, which do not initiate dial-up connections, this option does not appear. Telco Options Initiate Data Service... 64 kb/sec Dial... Dial In/Out Number to Dial: Alternate Site to Dial: Dial on Demand: Idle Timeout (seconds): Yes 300 CNA Validation Number: Callback: No Maximum connect time (HH:MM): 0:00 Return/Enter to select data rate/class of service.
8-6 User’s Reference Guide If you want to view the Connection Profiles in your router, return to the WAN Configuration screen, and select Display/Change Connection Profile. The list of Connection Profiles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen. WAN Configuration +-Profile Name---------------------IP Address----IPX Network-+ +------------------------------------------------------------+ | SmartStart Profile 127.0.0.2 | | Profile 02 0.0.0.
WAN and System Configuration 8-7 When using Frame Relay datalink encapsulation on a permanent circuit, you may require that the frame relay DLCIs explicitly match up to your connection profile, or you may allow your Frame Relay network to automatically confirm this by using the Default Profile. Customizing the Default Profile The Default Profile screen controls whether or not an IDSL link will come up without an explicitly configured connection profile.
8-8 User’s Reference Guide IP parameters (default profile) screen The IP Parameters (Default Profile) screen allows you to configure various IP parameters for IDSL connections established without an explicitly configured connection profile: IP Parameters (Default Profile) Default Subnet Mask: 0.0.0.0 Filter Set (Firewall)... Remove Filter Set Receive RIP: Transmit RIP: Both v2 (multicast) The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router always acts as a DHCP client on the IDSL link when using a Default Profile.
WAN and System Configuration 8-9 IP Parameters (Default Profile) Default Subnet Mask: 0.0.0.0 Filter Set (Firewall)... Remove Filter Set Receive RIP: Transmit RIP: TX RIP Policy... +------------------+ +------------------+ | Poison Reverse | | Split Horizon | | No Split Horizon | +------------------+ If you choose to transmit RIP, the TX RIP Policy pop up menu appears. You can select Poison Reverse (the default), Split Horizon, or No Split Horizon.
8-10 User’s Reference Guide IPX parameters (default profile) screen The IPX Parameters (Default Profile) screen allows you to configure various IPX parameters for IDSL connections established without an explicitly configured connection profile: IPX Parameters (Default Profile) NetBios Packet Forwarding: Path Delay: Off 10 Incoming Outgoing Incoming Outgoing <> <> <> <> Packet Filter Set... Packet Filter Set... SAP Filter Set... SAP Filter Set...
WAN and System Configuration 8-11 ISDN Line Configuration Circuit Type... Switch Type... ISDN, Switched AT&T 5ESS Pt-to-Pt Directory Number 1: 555-1234 PBX Prefix: Data Link Encapsulation... PPP Aux Serial Port... Data Rate (kbps)... Aux Modem Init String: Async Modem 57.6 AT&F&C1&D2E0S0=1 Return/Enter to select ... Enter information supplied to you by your ISDN phone company. By default, the auxiliary port is enabled for an asynchronous modem.
8-12 User’s Reference Guide The console screen will open to the Main Menu, similar to the screen shown below: Netopia R3100-UP v4.3 Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration... Utilities & Diagnostics... Statistics & Logs... Quick Menus... Quick View... Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen. System Configuration features SmartStart may be all you need to configure your Netopia R3100.
WAN and System Configuration 8-13 through System Configuration.
8-14 User’s Reference Guide The System Configuration screen appears: System Configuration Network Protocols Setup... Filter Sets (Firewalls)... IP Address Serving... Date and Time... Console Configuration... SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)... Security... Upgrade Feature Set... Telephone Setup... Logging... Return/Enter to configure Networking Protocols (such as TCP/IP). Use this screen if you want options beyond Easy Setup.
WAN and System Configuration 8-15 Select Date and Time in the System Configuration screen and press Return to go to the Set Date and Time screen. Set Date and Time System Date Format: Current Date (MM/DD/YY): MM/DD/YY 3/16/1998 System Time Format: Current Time: AM or PM: AM/PM 10:29 AM Follow these steps to set the system’s date and time: 1. Select Current Date and enter the date in the appropriate format.
8-16 User’s Reference Guide Console Configuration You can change the default terminal communications parameters to suit your requirements. To go to the Console Configuration screen, select Console Configuration in the System Configuration screen. Console Configuration Baud Rate... 9600 Hardware Flow Control: No SET CONFIG NOW CANCEL Follow these steps to change a parameter’s value: 1. Select the parameter you want to change. 2. Select a new value for the parameter.
WAN and System Configuration 8-17 See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade or visit the Netopia web site at www.netopia.com for information on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia R3100. Telephone setup With SmartPhone, analog devices such as telephones, facsimile machines, or modems can connect to the Netopia Router and communicate over the ISDN line.
8-18 User’s Reference Guide ignored. ■ You can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically. When enabled, it will report any appropriate and previously unreported events. ■ You can specify the syslog server’s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 63 characters. ■ You can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop-up. The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events: Nov 5 10:14:06 tsnext.farallon.
Using SmartPhone for Telephone Services 9-1 Chapter 9 Using SmartPhone for Telephone Services This chapter describes how to use the Netopia R3100’s SmartPhone™ feature. To see whether your Netopia Router supports SmartPhone, look for the two RJ-11 jacks, marked Phone 1 and Phone 2, on the back of the router. If your Netopia R3100 does not support SmartPhone, you can skip this chapter.
9-2 User’s Reference Guide From the System Configuration screen select Telephone Setup. The Telephone setup screen appears. Telephone Setup Telephone Connection... Priority Ringing... Supplementary Services... Return/Enter to configure telephone connections. From here you will configure telephone information. Select Telephone Connections. The Telephone connections screen appears.
Using SmartPhone for Telephone Services 9-3 directory number to use and what kind of transmission service to use. To configure telephone connections: 1. For Inbound Directory Number 1 Connection, press Return and choose one of the following selections from the pop-up menu: ■ Reject as Busy blocks calls, issuing a busy tone to the party trying to dial in. ■ Phone 1 directs calls out the Netopia Router’s Phone 1 jack, ringing the phone or device plugged into that jack.
9-4 User’s Reference Guide Defining priority ringing Priority ringing allows a distinctive ring to be attached to up to 10 incoming caller identifications. For example, a United Kingdom-style ringing pattern can be used to identify calls originating from your home number. You set priority ringing in the Priority Ringing screen. From the Main Menu go to System Configuration and then Telephone Setup. Select Priority Ringing and press Return. The Priority Ringing screen appears.
Using SmartPhone for Telephone Services 9-5 Advanced calling features The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router supports call hold, call retrieve and the Flexible Call Offering (FCO) features known as Conference, Drop, and Transfer. This allows multiple services to be performed using only the hook-switch as an activator. Note: A flash hook is currently defined as one on hook/off hook transition of at least 200 ms, but not greater than 1.3 seconds.
9-6 User’s Reference Guide Configuring supplementary services You set up supplementary services in the Supplementary Services screen. From the Main Menu go to System Configuration and then Telephone Setup. Select Supplementary Services and press Return. The Supplementary Services screen appears. Supplementary Services Flash Hook Enabled: Double Flash Hook Enabled: Yes Yes Conference ID (1..64): Drop ID (1..64): Transfer ID (1..64): 7 8 9 Allow Flash Hook to perform hold and retrieve held POTS calls.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-1 Chapter 10 Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile You can set a Netopia Router to make scheduled connections using designated connection profiles. This is useful for creating and controlling regularly scheduled periods when the router can be used by hosts on your network. It is also useful for once-only connections that you want to schedule in advance.
10-2 User’s Reference Guide Call Accounting Configuration Enable Call Accounting: On Day for auto-reset of timers: 12 Maximum Aggregate connect time: 12:00 To enable call accounting, follow these steps: 1. Select Enable Call Accounting and toggle it to On. 2. Select Day for auto-reset of timers and enter the day of the month for the Router to reset the Call Accounting Statistics. 3.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-3 The Call Accounting Statistics screen appears. Call Accounting Statistics Aggregate Statistics... Profile Statistics... If you select Aggregate Statistics, the following screen appears. Call Accounting Aggregate Statistics Total First Minutes: Total Additional Time (HH:MM): 0 0:00 Remaining Time (HH:MM): 12:00 RESET AGGREGATE MINUTE COUNTERS Hit Return or Enter to reset Total First/Additional Time.
10-4 User’s Reference Guide enabled, the message will read, Call Accounting Disabled. ■ You can reset the counters by selecting RESET AGGREGATE MINUTE COUNTERS. A dialog box will ask you to confirm the reset. Select CONTINUE to reset the counters or CANCEL to leave them as is. If you select Profile Statistics, the following screen appears.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-5 Scheduled Connections Display/Change Scheduled Connection... Add Scheduled Connection... Delete Scheduled Connection... Navigate from here to add/modify/change/delete Scheduled Connections. Viewing scheduled connections To display a table of view-only scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one row of the table.
10-6 User’s Reference Guide The other columns show: ■ The time of day that the connection will Begin At ■ The duration of the connection (HH:MM) ■ Whether it’s a recurring Weekly connection or used Once Only ■ Which connection profile (Conn. Prof.) is used to connect ■ Whether the scheduled connection is currently Enabled The router checks the date and time set in scheduled connections against the system date and time.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-7 demand call on the line. ■ ■ Demand-Allowed, meaning that this schedule will permit a demand call on the line. ■ Demand-Blocked, meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line. ■ Periodic, meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time. If How Often is set to Weekly, the item directly below How Often reads Set Weekly Schedule.
10-8 User’s Reference Guide Set Once-Only Schedule If you set How Often to Once Only, select Set Once-Only Schedule and go to the Set Once-Only Schedule screen. Set Once-Only Schedule ■ Place Call on (MM/DD/YY): 05/07/1998 Scheduled Window Start Time: AM or PM: 11:50 AM Scheduled Window Duration: 00:00 Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the format MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day, year). Note: You must enter the date in the format specified. The slashes are mandatory.
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-9 the Add Scheduled Connection screen without saving the new scheduled connection. Modifying a scheduled connection To modify a scheduled connection, select Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections. Select a scheduled connection from the table and go to the Change Scheduled Connection screen.
10-10 User’s Reference Guide Customizing the default profile You can customize the Netopia Router’s default profile in the Default Answer Profile screen under the WAN Configuration menu. Main Menu 1. WAN Configuration Default Answer Profile Select Default Answer Profile in the WAN Configuration screen. Press Return. The Default Profile screen appears. Default Answer Profile Calling Number Authentication... Force 56k on Answer: Preferred No Must Match a Defined Profile: Yes PPP Authentication...
Call Accounting and Default Answer Profile 10-11 CNA works by checking the calling number that the Netopia Router receives during the initial setup phase of an incoming call against a set of stored numbers. Each number in the stored set is defined in a specific connection profile. When a match occurs, the incoming call is handled by the connection profile containing the matched number. Using CNA can also provide cost savings because calls are not billed during the CNA phase.
10-12 User’s Reference Guide If a remote network has a non-standard mask (that is, it uses subnetting), the only way for it to successfully connect to the Netopia Router is by matching a connection profile. In other words, you will have to set up a connection profile for that network.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-1 Chapter 11 IP Setup and Network Address Translation The Netopia R3100 uses Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks. This chapter shows you how to configure the router to route IP traffic. You also learn how to configure the router to serve IP addresses to hosts on your local network. Netopia’s SmartIP features IP address serving and Network Address Translation.
11-2 User’s Reference Guide Network Address Translation works by remapping the source IP address of traffic from the LAN to a single static or dynamically assigned IP address shown to the remote side of the router. HOW NAT WORKS With NAT 192.168.1.100 ISP* 192.168.1.102 192.168.1.103 163.167.132.1 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.105 192.168.1.106 Without NAT 163.167.132.1 163.167.132.1 163.167.132.2 163.167.132.3 163.167.132.4 163.167.132.5 163.167.132.6 163.167.132.2 163.167.132.3 163.167.132.4 163.167.132.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-3 Using Network Address Translation The following procedure describes how to use Network Address Translation. 1. Pick a network number for your local network (referred to as the internal network). This can be any IP address range you want. The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router has a default IP address of 192.168.1.1. You may choose to change this address to match a pre-existing addressing scheme. For this example, we will use 10.0.0.0.
11-4 User’s Reference Guide Profile screen. You access the Address Translation option from the IP Profile Parameters menu. IP Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled: Yes Local WAN IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Remote IP Address: Remote IP Mask: 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Filter Set... Remove Filter Set Receive RIP: Off Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here. Select the Local WAN IP Address field. The default address is 0.0.0.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-5 Internal users can access the Internet as they always do; the external Internet, however, views all traffic from the internal network as originating from 192.163.100.6. Similarly, all traffic your network receives is addressed to 192.163.100.6.
11-6 User’s Reference Guide exported, you can have Web servers on two different IP hosts. ■ If you will be using multiple Connection Profiles, define the remote IP address of the most accessible profile, such as that for your ISP, to the default IP gateway in the TCP/IP settings on users’ workstations. That way, IP traffic not intended specifically for any of the remote networks will be routed through this “preferred” profile.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-7 Follow these steps to configure IP Setup for your Netopia R3100: ■ Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP address for the Netopia R3100’s Ethernet port. ■ Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask for the Ethernet IP Address that you entered in the last step. ■ Select Default IP Gateway and enter the IP address for a default gateway. This can be the address of any major router accessible to the Netopia R3100.
11-8 User’s Reference Guide ■ Select Add Export. The Add Exported Service screen appears. Add Exported Service Service... ■ Local Server's IP Address: 0.0.0.0 ADD EXPORT NOW CANCEL Select Service. A pop-up menu of services and ports appears. Add Exported Service +-Type------Port--+ +-----------------+ Service...
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-9 Press the Escape key when you are finished configuring Exported Services to go back to the IP Setup screen. IP Setup Ethernet IP Address: Ethernet Subnet Mask: 192.168.6.137 255.255.255.248 Default IP Gateway: 0.0.0.0 DNS Server: Secondary DNS Server: Domain Name: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Receive RIP: Transmit RIP: Both Off Static Routes... Set up the basic IP attributes of your Netopia in this screen.
11-10 User’s Reference Guide Netopia R3100 will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use different subnet masks. ■ If you want the Netopia R3100 to advertise its routing table to other routers via RIP, select Transmit RIP and select v1, v2 (broadcast), or v2 (multicast) from the popup menu. With Transmit RIP v1 selected, the Netopia R3100 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-11 particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask field in that row. For example: IP Subnets #1: IP Address ---------------192.128.117.162 Subnet Mask --------------255.255.255.0 #2: 192.128.152.162 255.255.0.0 #3: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 #4: #5: #6: #7: #8: ■ To delete a configured subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.
11-12 User’s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ethernet IP subnets, the IP Setup screen changes slightly: IP Setup Subnet Configuration... Default IP Gateway: 192.128.117.163 Primary Domain Name Server: Secondary Domain Name Server: Domain Name: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Receive RIP: Transmit RIP: Static Routes... Both v2 (multicast) Address Serving Setup... Exported Services... Filter Sets... The IP address and Subnet mask items are hidden, and the “Define Additional Subnets...
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-13 Static Routes Display/Change Static Route... Add Static Route... Delete Static Route... Configure/View/Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens. Viewing static routes To display a view-only table of static routes, select Display/Change Static Route in the Static Routes screen. +-Dest. Network---Subnet Mask-----Next Gateway----Priority-Enabled-+ +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 163.176.8.
11-14 User’s Reference Guide Priority: An indication whether the Netopia R3100 will use the static route when it conflicts with information received from RIP packets. Enabled: An indication whether the static route should be installed in the IP routing table. Adding a static route To add a new static route, select Add Static Route in the Static Routes screen and go to the Add Static Route screen. Add Static Route Static Route Enabled: Yes Destination Network IP Address: 0.0.0.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-15 Metric appears below Advertise Route Via RIP. With RIP Metric you set the number of routers, from 1 to 15, between the sending router and the destination router. The maximum number of routers on a packet’s route is 15. Setting RIP Metric to 1 means that a route can involve 15 routers, while setting it to 15 means a route can only involve one router.
11-16 User’s Reference Guide IP address serving Main Menu System Configuration IP Address Serving • • • • Serve Serve Serve Serve DHCP Clients BootP Clients Dynamic WAN Clients Mac IP/KIP Clients In addition to being a router, the Netopia R3100 is also an IP address server. There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-17 To go to the IP Address Serving screen, select IP Address Serving in the System Configuration screen and press Return. IP Address Serving Number of Client IP Addresses: 1st Client Address: 5 163.176.56.90 Serve DHCP Clients: DHCP NetBios Options... Yes Serve BOOTP Clients: Yes Serve Dynamic WAN Clients Yes Serve MacIP/KIP Clients: MacIP/KIP Static Options... Yes Configure DHCP, BOOTP, WAN IP, and/or MacIP Address Serving here.
11-18 User’s Reference Guide Address Serving is enabled. DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia R3100 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information. NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with specific hardware. NetBIOS has been adopted as an industry standard.
IP Setup and Network Address Translation 11-19 toggle it to Yes. ■ From the NetBIOS Type pop-up menu, select the type of NetBIOS used on your network. DHCP NetBios Options Serve NetBios Type: NetBios Type... Serve NetBios Scope: NetBios Scope: Serve NetBios Name Server: NetBios Name Server IP Addr: ■ +--------+ +--------+ | Type B | | Type P | | Type M | | Type H | +--------+ No 0.0.0.0 To serve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Serve NetBIOS Scope and toggle it to Yes.
11-20 User’s Reference Guide Note: Macintosh computers that have LocalTalk or EtherTalk selected in the MacTCP control panel, or “AppleTalk (MacIP)” selected in the TCP/IP control panel, must use the MacIP gateway to communicate with the Internet or any other IP network. Users should point their MacTCP or TCP/IP control panel to look in the LocalTalk zone for the MacIP server. Macintosh computers that have Ethernet selected in the MacTCP or TCP/IP control panel can do their own AppleTalk-IP conversions.
IPX Setup 12-1 Chapter 12 IPX Setup Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the network protocol used by Novell NetWare networks. This chapter shows you how to configure the Netopia R3100 for routing data using IPX. You also learn how to configure the router to serve IPX network addresses.
12-2 User’s Reference Guide IPX address An IPX address consists of a network number, a node number, and a socket number. An IPX network number is composed of eight hexadecimal digits. The network number must be the same for all nodes on a particular physical network segment. The node number is composed of twelve hexadecimal digits and is usually the hardware address of the interface card. The node number must be unique inside the particular IPX network.
IPX Setup 12-3 The following is a list of common SAP server types: Unknown 0000h Print Queue 0003h File Server 0004h Job Server 0005h Print Server 0007h Archive Server 0009h Remote Bridge Server 0024h Advertising Print Server 0047h Reserved Up To 8000h NetBIOS NetBIOS is a protocol that performs tasks related to the Transport and Session layers of the OSI model. It can operate over IPX, using a special broadcast packet known as “IPX Packet type 20” to communicate with IPX NetBIOS servers.
12-4 User’s Reference Guide To go to the IPX Setup screen, from the Main Menu select System Configuration and then select Network Protocols Setup and then select IPX Setup. IPX Setup IPX Routing: Off Ethernet Encapsulation... Ethernet Network Address: 802.3 00000000 Ethernet Path Delay: Ethernet NetBios Forwarding: Ethernet Inbound SAP Filter Set... 1 No <> Default Gateway Address: 00000000 Filters and Filter Sets...
IPX Setup 12-5 Note: The Default Gateway Address is usually set up to match the IPX Address in your network Connection Profile. 8. To configure filters and filter sets, select Filters and Filter Sets and go to the IPX filters and filter sets screens. For information on how to configure IPX filters and filter sets, see “IPX filters” on page 15-22. 9. Select IPX Wan Pool Base Address and enter the first IPX network address to be allocated to requesting IPX WAN clients.
12-6 User’s Reference Guide
AppleTalk Setup 13-1 Chapter 13 AppleTalk Setup This chapter discusses the concept of AppleTalk routing and how to configure AppleTalk Setup for a Netopia R3100 with the AppleTalk kit installed. AppleTalk support is available as a separate kit for the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. Order Netopia Part Number TER/AT01. Skip this chapter if you do not have the AppleTalk kit.
13-2 User’s Reference Guide To install the AppleTalk features from the Main Menu, go to System Configuration and select Upgrade Feature Set. Main Menu System Configuration Upgrade Feature Set The Netopia Feature Set Upgrade screen appears. Netopia Feature Set Upgrade You may be able to extend the features of your Netopia by purchasing a 'Software Upgrade'. For a list of available upgrades, please see the release notes that came with your Netopia or visit the Netopia Communications web site at www.
AppleTalk Setup 13-3 Each computer or peripheral device (printer, client, file server) connected to a network is called a node and has a unique node address, which can be any number from 1 to 254. Whenever you open the Chooser or any application that communicates with other computers on your network, your application compiles a list of all node names and addresses.
13-4 User’s Reference Guide AT Routing Table -Net---Range--Def Zone Name----------Hops-State-Next Rtr Addr.--Pkts Fwded ----------------------------------SCROLL UP-------------------------1 -Admin 2 Good 46.131 0 2 -AdMan 2 Good 46.131 0 3 -Aspirations 2 Good 46.131 0 4 -Sales 2 Good 46.131 0 5 -Marketing 2 Good 46.131 0 6 -Molluscs 2 Good 46.131 1 7 -Customer Service 2 Good 46.131 1 8 -Telemarketing 2 Good 46.131 0 10 -Rio 2 Good 46.131 0 11 -Regiment 2 Good 46.131 0 12 -Rhinos 2 Good 46.
AppleTalk Setup 13-5 Routers and seeding To configure AppleTalk networks, you must understand the concept of seeding. Seeding is the process by which routers (or more specifically, router ports) agree on what routing information is valid. AppleTalk routers that have been reset, for example, must decide what zones and network numbers are valid before they begin routing.
13-6 User’s Reference Guide Configuring AppleTalk You can configure AppleTalk basic services through the Easy Setup screen in the Main Menu. AppleTalk Easy Setup AppleTalk Routing: On AppleTalk Zone Name: Aspirations EtherTalk Phase II Enabled: EtherTalk Net Number (0..65279): On 34449 PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Return/Enter accepts * Tab toggles * ESC cancels. Configure basic AppleTalk services here. When you install AppleTalk, EtherTalk Phase II is enabled by default.
AppleTalk Setup 13-7 EtherTalk Setup To go to the EtherTalk Setup options screen, select Network Protocols Setup and then select AppleTalk Setup in the System Configuration screen. Select EtherTalk Phase ll Setup and press Return. EtherTalk Phase II Setup EtherTalk Phase II Enabled: Show Zones... Enter New Zone Name: Delete Zone Name... Set Default Zone... Net Low: Net Hi: Seeding...
13-8 User’s Reference Guide of the network number range. Select Net High and enter the upper limit of the range. ■ Select the Seeding pop-up menu and choose the seeding method for the Netopia R3100 to use (see “Routers and seeding” on page 13-5). You have finished configuring EtherTalk Phase II. LocalTalk Setup Note: For instructions on making the physical connections for LocalTalk, see “Connecting to a LocalTalk network” on page 4-6.
AppleTalk Setup 13-9 As an alternative, you can set LocalTalk seeding to soft seeding and let the Netopia R3100 receive the zone name and network number from the other router. ■ Select LocalTalk Network Number and enter the desired network number. ■ Select Seeding. From the pop-up menu, choose the type of seeding for the Netopia R3100’s LocalTalk port to use (see “Routers and seeding” on page 13-5). You have finished configuring LocalTalk.
13-10 User’s Reference Guide Site A has an AURP tunnel to site B. Both sides have multiple zones defined on the EtherTalk port and a unique zone on their LocalTalk ports. If side A has indicated one of its EtherTalk zones is the Free Trade Zone and has opted to use the Free Trade Zone option for its tunnel to B, then only this Free Trade Zone will show up on side B and only those machines or services in the Free Trade Zone will be accessible to side B. All of side A will be able to see all of side B.
AppleTalk Setup 13-11 Deleting an AURP partner ■ To delete an AURP partner, select Delete Partner in the AURP Setup screen and press Return to display a table of existing partners. Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to select an AURP partner, then press Return to delete it. Press the Escape key to exit without deleting a partner. Receiving AURP connections ■ To control the acceptance of incoming AURP tunnels, select Accept Connections From and choose Anyone or Configured Partners Only from the pop-up menu.
13-12 User’s Reference Guide Raising the tickle packet interval does not ensure that the AURP tunnel is dropped or not brought up. If any application on the local network generates AppleTalk traffic destined for the network at the remote end of the AURP tunnel, the tunnel remains up. For example, if a host on the local network connects to a host on the remote network using remote access software, the AURP tunnel remains up.
Monitoring Tools 14-1 Chapter 14 Monitoring Tools This chapter discusses the Netopia R3100’s device and network monitoring tools. These tools can provide statistical information, report on current network status, record events, and help in diagnosing and locating problems.
14-2 User’s Reference Guide General status Quick View Default IP Gateway: 163.176.8.1 Domain Name Server: 163.176.4.31 Domain Name: netopia.com CPU Load: 3% Call Acct: 8/13/1998 03:29:57 PM Unused Memory: 646 KB Disabled ----------------MAC Address--------IP Address-------IPX Address---EtherTalk--Ethernet Hub: 00-00-c5-70-03-48 192.168.1.1 24:150 Current WAN Connection Status Profile Name----------Rate--%Use-Remote Address-----Est.
Monitoring Tools 14-3 Current status The current status section is a table showing the current status of the WAN. For example: Current WAN Connection Status ---Profile Name------State---%Use-Remote Address----Est.-More Info---------ISP P1 10 IP 92.163.4.1 Lcl NAT 192.163.100.6 Profile Name: Lists the name of the connection profile being used, if any. State: Lists the ports in use for this connection.
14-4 User’s Reference Guide Statistics & Logs Main Menu Statistics & Logs • General Statistics When you are troubleshooting your Netopia R3100, the Statistics & Logs screens provide insight into the recent event activities of the router. From the Main Menu go to Statistics & Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below. General Statistics To go to the General Statistics screen, select General Statistics and press Return. The General Statistics screen appears.
Monitoring Tools 14-5 Physical Interface The top left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following data ports: ■ Ethernet Hub ■ Aux Async or LocalTalk (if the optional AppleTalk feature set is installed) ■ ISDN B1 Channel ■ ISDN B2 Channel ■ ISDN D Channel Network Interface The bottom left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following protocols: ■ IP (IP packets on the Ethernet) ■ IPX (IPX packe
14-6 User’s Reference Guide Main Menu Statistics & Logs • WAN Event History • Device Event History WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top.
Monitoring Tools 14-7 To get more information about any event listed in the WAN Event History, select the event and then press Return. A dialog box containing more information about the selected event will appear. Press Return or Escape to dismiss the dialog box. To clear the event history, select Clear History at the bottom of the history screen and press Return. For more information on Event Cause Codes see Appendix H, “Event Histories.
14-8 User’s Reference Guide Each of the routing table screens represents a “snapshot” of the routing table information at the time the screen is first invoked. To take a new snapshot, select Update at the bottom of the screen and press Return. Statistics & Logs WAN Event History... Device Event History... IP Routing Table... IPX Routing Table... IPX SAP Bindery Table... AppleTalk Routing Table... Served IP Addresses... General Statistics... System Information...
Monitoring Tools 14-9 IPX routing table In the Statistics & Logs screen, select IPX Routing Table and press Return. The IPX routing table displays all of the IPX routes currently known to the Netopia R3100. IPX Sap Bindery table In the Statistics & Logs screen, select IPX Sap Bindery Table and press Return. The IPX Sap Bindery table displays all of the IPX Sap Bindery routes currently known to the Netopia R3100.
14-10 User’s Reference Guide Def Zone Name: Displays the zone or zones associated with the specified network or network range. The zone name shown is either the only zone or the default zone name for an extended network. To see the complete list of zones for an extended network with multiple zones, select the entry in the table and press Return. Press Return again to close the list of zones. Hops: Displays the number of routers between the Netopia R3100 and the specified network.
Monitoring Tools 14-11 The IP Address Lease Management screen appears. IP Address Lease Management Reset All Leases... Release BootP Leases... Reclaim Declined Addresses... This screen has three options: ■ Reset All Leases: Resets all current IP addresses leased through DHCP without waiting for the default one–hour lease period to elapse ■ Release BootP Leases: Releases any BootP leases that may be in place, and which may no longer be required.
14-12 User’s Reference Guide System Information The System Information screen gives a summary view of the general system level values in the Netopia R3100 ISDN Router. From the Statistics & Logs menu select System Information. The System Information screen appears. System Information Serial Number Firmware Version 07-30-44 (8680437) 4.
Monitoring Tools 14-13 The SNMP Setup screen From the Main Menu, select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and press Return. The SNMP Setup screen appears. Main Menu System Configuration SNMP SNMP Setup System Name: System Location: System Contact: Read-Only Community String: Read/Write Community String: public private Authentication Traps Enable: Off IP Trap Receivers... Configure optional SNMP parameters from here. Follow these steps to configure the first three items in the screen: 1.
14-14 User’s Reference Guide By default, the read-only and read/write community strings are set to “public” and “private,” respectively. You should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and trusted system administrators. To change a community string, select it and enter a new value. Caution! Even if you decide not to use SNMP, you should change the community strings. This prevents unauthorized access to the Netopia R3100 through SNMP.
Monitoring Tools 14-15 Setting the IP trap receivers 1. Select Add IP Trap Receiver. 2. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name. Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap. 3. Select Community String. Enter whatever community string is appropriate for the traps to be sent to the management station whose IP address or domain name you entered on the previous line. 4. Select Add Trap Receiver Now and press Return. You can add up to seven more receivers.
14-16 User’s Reference Guide
Security 15-1 Chapter 15 Security The Netopia R3100 provides a number of security features to help protect its configuration screens and your local network from unauthorized access. Although these features are optional, it is strongly recommended that you use them. This section covers the following topics: ■ “Suggested security measures” on page 15-1, lists actions for blocking potential security holes.
15-2 User’s Reference Guide User accounts When you first set up and configure the Netopia R3100, no passwords are required to access the configuration screens. Anyone could tamper with the router’s configuration by simply connecting it to a console. However, by adding user accounts, you can protect the most sensitive screens from unauthorized access. User accounts are composed of name/password combinations that can be given to authorized users.
Security 15-3 To display a view-only list of user accounts, select Show Users in the Security Options screen. To add a new user account, select Add User in the Security Options screen and press Return to go to the Add Name With Write Access screen. Add Name With Write Access Enter Name: Enter Password (11 characters max): ADD NAME/PASSWORD NOW CANCEL Follow these steps to configure the new account: 1. Select Enter Name and enter a descriptive name (for example, the user’s first name). 2.
15-4 User’s Reference Guide Enable SmartStart/SmartView/Web Server You may wish to restrict access to the web-based screens to prevent inadvertent switching or connecting and disconnecting of Connection Profiles. Since SmartStart can be used to reconfigure the router, you may wish to block inadvertent damage resulting from unauthorized use of SmartStart. To prevent access to these features toggle this option to “No”.
Security 15-5 How filter sets work A filter set acts like a team of customs inspectors. Each filter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass. The inspectors work as a team, but each inspects every package individually. Each inspector has a specific task. One inspector’s task may be to examine the destination address of all outgoing packages.
15-6 User’s Reference Guide packet first filter match? no send to next filter yes pass or discard? discard (delete) pass to network If the package does not match the first inspector’s criteria, it goes to the second inspector, and so on. You can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is very important. For example, let’s say the first inspector’s orders are to send along all packages that come from Rome, and the second inspector’s orders are to reject all packages that come from France.
Security 15-7 How individual filters work As described above, a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions: A filter’s actions ■ Passes the packet to the local or remote network ■ Blocks (discards) the packet ■ Ignores the packet A filter passes or blocks a packet only if it finds a match after applying its criteria. When no match occurs, the filter ignores the packet. The criteria are based on information contained in the packets.
15-8 User’s Reference Guide Port numbers A filter can also match a packet’s port number attributes, but only if the filter’s protocol type is set to TCP or UDP, since only those protocols use port numbers.
Security 15-9 Greater Than or Equal: For the filter to match, the packet’s port number must be greater than or equal to the port number specified in the filter. Other filter attributes There are three other attributes to each filter: ■ The filter’s order (i.e.
15-10 User’s Reference Guide Protocol UDP Number to use 17 Full name User Datagram Protocol Src. Port: The source port to match. This is the port on the sending host that originated the packet. D. Port: The destination port to match. This is the port on the receiving host for which the packet is intended. On?: Displays Yes when the filter is in effect or No when it is not. Fwd: Shows whether the filter forwards (Yes) a packet or discards (No) it when there’s a match.
Security 15-11 This four-step process is how we produced the following filter from the original rule: +-#---Source IP Addr---Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 1 192.211.211.17 0.0.0.0 TCP 0 23 Yes No | | | +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Filtering example #2 Suppose a filter is configured to block all incoming IP packets with the source IP address of 200.233.14.
15-12 User’s Reference Guide Disadvantages of filters Although using filter sets can greatly enhance network security, there are disadvantages: ■ Filters are complex. Combining them in filter sets introduces subtle interactions, increasing the likelihood of implementation errors. ■ Enabling a large number of filters can have a negative impact on performance. Processing of packets will take longer if they have to go through many checkpoints.
Security 15-13 IP Filter Sets Display/Change IP Filter Set... Add IP Filter Set... Delete IP Filter Set... Return/Enter to configure and add a new Filter Set Set Up IP Filter Sets (Firewalls) from this and the following Menus. The procedure for creating and maintaining filter sets is as follows: 1. Add a new filter set. 2. Create the filters for the new filter set. 3. View, change, or delete individual filters and filter sets. The sections below explain how to execute these steps.
15-14 User’s Reference Guide Add IP Filter Set Filter Set Name: Filter Set 2 Display/Change Input Filter... Add Input Filter... Delete Input Filter... Display/Change Output Filter... Add Output Filter... Delete Output Filter... ADD FILTER SET CANCEL Configure the Filter Set name and its associated Filters. Naming a new filter set All new filter sets have a default name. The first filter set you add will be called Filter Set 1, the next filter will be Filter Set 2, and so on.
Security 15-15 packet WAN input filter LAN packet output filter The Netopia R-series Router Packets in the Netopia R3100 pass through an input filter if they originate in the WAN and through an output filter if they’re being sent out to the WAN. The process for adding input and output filters is exactly the same. The main difference between the two involves their reference to source and destination.
15-16 User’s Reference Guide Add Filter Enabled: Forward: No No Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Protocol Type: 0 Source Port Compare... Source Port ID: Dest. Port Compare... Dest. Port ID: No Compare 0 No Compare 0 ADD THIS FILTER NOW CANCEL Enter the IP specific information for this filter. 1. To make the filter active in the filter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Yes.
Security 15-17 10. When you are finished configuring the filter, select ADD THIS FILTER NOW to save the filter in the filter set. Select CANCEL to discard the filter. Viewing filters To display a view-only table of input (output) filters, select Display/Change Input Filters (Display/Change Output Filters) in the Add IP Filter Set screen. Modifying filters To modify a filter, select Display/Change Input Filter (Display/ Change Output Filter) in the Add IP Filter Set screen to display a table of filters.
15-18 User’s Reference Guide Modifying filter sets To modify a filter set, select Display/Change Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets. Select a filter set from the list and press Return to go to the Change IP Filter Set screen. The items in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Filter screen (see “Adding filters to a filter set” on page 15-15). Change IP Filter Set Filter Set Name: Basic Firewall Display/Change Input Filter... Add Input Filter...
Security 15-19 The five input filters and one output filter that make up Basic Firewall are shown in the table below. Input filter 1 Input filter 2 Input filter 3 Input filter 4 Input filter 5 Enabled Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Forward No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Source IP address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Source IP address mask 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dest. IP address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dest.
15-20 User’s Reference Guide Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that wish to access servers on the WAN, not for a LAN containing servers providing services to clients on the WAN. Basic Firewall’s general strategy is to explicitly pass WAN-originated TCP and UDP traffic to ports greater than 1023. Ports lower than 1024 are the service origination ports for various Internet services such as FTP, Telnet, and the World Wide Web (WWW).
Security 15-21 FTP sessions. To allow WAN-originated FTP sessions to a LAN-based FTP server with the IP address a.b.c.d (corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163.176.8.243), insert the following input filter ahead of the current input filter 1: ■ Enabled: Yes ■ Forward: Yes ■ Source IP Address: 0.0.0.0 ■ Source IP Address Mask: 0.0.0.0 ■ Dest. IP Address: a.b.c.d ■ Dest. IP Address Mask: 255.255.255.
15-22 User’s Reference Guide IPX filters Main Menu System Configuration Filter Sets (Firewalls) IPX Filters and Filter Sets IPX packet filters work very similarly to IP packet filters. They filter data traffic coming from or going to remote IPX networks. IPX filters can be set up to pass or discard IPX packets based on a number of user-defined criteria. Like IP filters, IPX filters must be grouped in sets that are applied to the answer profile or to connection profiles.
Security 15-23 The items in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen are grouped into four areas: ■ IPX packet filters ■ IPX packet filter sets ■ IPX SAP filters ■ IPX SAP filter sets The following sections explain the items in each of these areas. IPX packet filters For each IPX packet filter, you can configure a set of parameters to match on the source or destination attributes of IPX data packets coming from or going to the WAN.
15-24 User’s Reference Guide 1. Select Filter Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter. 2. To specify a source network for the filter to match on, select Source Network and enter an IPX network address. 3. To specify a source node for the filter to match on, select Source Node Address and enter an IPX node address. 4. To specify a source socket for the filter to match on, select Source Socket and enter an IPX source socket number. 5.
Security 15-25 Add Packet Filter Set Filter Set Name: Show Filters/Change Action on Match... Append Filter... Remove Filter... ADD FILTER SET NOW CANCEL Configure an IPX Filter Set here. You must ADD FILTER SET NOW to save. Follow these steps to configure the new packet filter set: 1. Select Filter Set Name and enter a descriptive name for the filter set. 2.
15-26 User’s Reference Guide 3. To add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Return to add it to the filter set. The default action of newly added filters is to not forward packets that match their criteria. To exit the table without adding the filter, press the Escape key. 4. To remove a filter from the filter set, select Detach Filter to display a table of appended filters.
Security 15-27 Adding a SAP filter To add a new IPX SAP filter, select Add IPX SAP Filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen and press Return to go to the Add SAP Filter screen. Add Sap Filter Filter Name: Server Name: Socket: 0000 Type: 0000 IPX Network: IPX Node Address: 00000000 000000000000 ADD FILTER NOW CANCEL Configure a new IPX SAP Filter. Finished? ADD or CANCEL to exit. By default, the filter’s socket and type numbers and network and node addresses are null (all zeros).
15-28 User’s Reference Guide Deleting a SAP filter To delete a SAP filter, select Delete IPX SAP filter in the IPX Filters and Filter Sets screen to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Return to delete it. Press the Escape key to exit the table without deleting the filter. IPX SAP filter sets Before IPX SAP filters can be used, they must be grouped into sets. A SAP filter can be part of more than one filter set.
Security 15-29 Show Filters/Change Actions on Match Filter Name---------------------Forward Filter 1 No Filter 2 No <> Yes Set whether filters forward or drop matching packets here. Select a filter and toggle the entry forwarding action to Yes (pass) or No (discard). 3. To add a filter to the filter set, select Append Filter to display a table of filters. Select a filter from the table and press Return to add it to the filter set.
15-30 User’s Reference Guide Firewall tutorial General Firewall Terms Firewall: a component or set of components that restrict access between a protected network and the Internet, or between two networks. Host: A workstation on the Network. Packet: Unit of communication on the Internet. Packet Filter: Packet filters allow or deny packets based on source or destination IP addresses, TCP or UDP ports, or the TCP ACK bit. Port: A number that defines a particular type of service.
Security 15-31 Example TCP/UDP Ports TCP Port Service UDP Port Service 20/21 FTP 161 SNMP 23 Telnet 69 TFTP 25 SMTP 387 AURP 80 WWW 144 News Firewall design rules There are two basic rules to firewall design: ■ “What is not explicitly allowed is denied...” and ■ “What is not explicitly denied is allowed...” The first rule is far more secure, and is the best approach to firewall design.
15-32 User’s Reference Guide and a packet goes through these rules destined for FTP, the packet would pass through the first filter rule (WWW), match the second rule (FTP) and the packet is allowed through. Even though the next rule is to deny all FTP traffic, the FTP packet will never make it to this rule. Binary Representation It is easiest when doing filtering to convert the IP address and mask in question to binary.
Security 15-33 Established Connections The TCP header contains one bit called the ACK Bit (or TCP Ack bit). This ACK Bit only appears with TCP, not UDP. The ACK bit is part of the TCP mechanism that guaranteed the delivery of data. The ACK bit is set whenever one side of a connection has received data from the other side. Only the first TCP packet will not have the ACK bit set, once the TCP connection is in place the remainder of the TCP packets with have the ACK bit set.
15-34 User’s Reference Guide Less Than Or Equal Any port less than or equal to the port defined Equal Matches only the port defined Greater Than or Equal Matches the port or any port greater Greater Than Matches anything greater than the port defined. Example Network Incoming Packet Filter Netopia Internet IP: 200.1.1.?? DATA Example Filters Example 1 Filter Rule: 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.
Security 15-35 This incoming IP packet has a source IP address that matches the network address in the Source IP Address field (00000000) in the Netopia R3100. This will NOT forward this packet. Example 2 Filter Rule: 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.128 (Source IP Mask) Forward = No (What happens on match) Incoming packet has the source address of 200.1.1.184 IP Address Binary Representation 200.1.1.
15-36 User’s Reference Guide Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R3100 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 1011000, this rule does NOT match and this packet will be passed. Example 4 Filter Rule: 200.1.1.96 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.240 (Source IP Mask) Forward = No (What happens on match) Incoming packet has the source address of 200.1.1.104 IP Address Binary Representation 200.1.1.
Security 15-37 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia R3100 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this rule DOES match and this packet will NOT be passed. This rule masks off a SINGLE IP address. Token Security Authentication This section discusses how to configure and use security authentication on the Netopia R3100.
15-38 User’s Reference Guide The Netopia R3100 supports the following user configurations for security authentication: ■ Single user, calling a single destination (single session) ■ Single user, calling multiple destinations (two simultaneous and separate sessions) ■ Multiple users, calling a single destination (single session) ■ Multiple users, calling multiple destinations (two simultaneous and separate sessions Security authentication components To properly identify and authenticate an authorized
Security 15-39 Datalink (PPP/MP) Options Data Compression... Ascend LZS Send Authentication... PAP-TOKEN Send User Name: Receive User Name: Receive Password: Channel Usage... Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation... Auto Maximum Packet Size: 1500 In this Screen you will configure the PPP/MP specific connection params. 2. Select Send Authentication and press Return. From the pop-up menu, highlight PAP-TOKEN or CACHE-TOKEN.
15-40 User’s Reference Guide Utilities & Diagnostics Ping... Trace Route... Call Accounting... Secure Authentication Monitor... Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)... X-Modem File Transfer... Revert to Factory Defaults... Restart System... 1. Select Secure Authentication Monitor and press Return. The Secure Authentication Monitor screen appears. 2. Wait for the call to initiate. Secure Authentication Monitor Current Connection Status Profile Name---State---%Use---Remote Address---Est.
Security 15-41 Note: When using CACHE-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for a time interval determined by the network administrator. When this time interval expires, you must provide a new passcode for the call negotiation. When using PAP-TOKEN, your passcode is valid for one call negotiation. For a second call negotiation, you must enter the next passcode provided by the security authentication token card every 60 seconds.
15-42 User’s Reference Guide
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-1 Chapter 16 Utilities and Diagnostics A number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic and control purposes: ■ “Ping” on page 16-2 ■ “Telnet client” on page 16-4 ■ “Trace Route” on page 16-5 ■ “Secure Authentication Monitor” on page 16-6 ■ “Disconnect Telnet Console Session” on page 16-7 ■ “Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP” on page 16-7 ■ “Transferring configuration and firmware files with XMODEM” on page 16-10 ■ “Factor
16-2 User’s Reference Guide Ping The Netopia R3100 includes a standard Ping test utility. A Ping test generates IP packets destined for a particular (Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the target host receives a Ping packet, it returns a packet to the original sender. Ping allows you to see whether a particular IP destination is reachable from the Netopia R3100. You can also ascertain the quality and reliability of the connection to the desired destination by studying the Ping test’s statistics.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-3 While the Ping test is running, and when it is over, a status field and a number of statistical items are active on the screen. These are described below. Status: The current status of the Ping test.
16-4 User’s Reference Guide time send Ping packet 1 Netopia receive Ping packet 1 send return Ping packet 1 Netopia Netopia send Ping packet 2 send return Ping packet 2 Netopia send Ping packet 3 host host receive return Ping packet 2 receive Ping packet 3 send return Ping packet 3 Netopia host receive return Ping packet 1 receive Ping packet 2 Netopia host host host receive return Ping packet 3 Packets Lost: The number of packets unaccounted for, shown in total and as a percentage of total
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-5 The Telnet client screen appears. Telnet Host Name or IP Address: Control Character to Suspend: Q START A TELNET SESSION Enter the IP Address/Domain Name of a host. ■ Enter the host name or the IP address in dotted decimal format of the machine you want to telnet into and press Return. ■ Either accept the default control character "Q" used to suspend the Telnet session, or type a different one. ■ START A TELNET SESSION becomes highlighted.
16-6 User’s Reference Guide Trace Route Host Name or IP Address: Maximum Hops: 30 Timeout (seconds): 5 Use Reverse DNS: Yes START TRACE ROUTE Trace route to a network host. To trace a route, follow these steps: 1. Select Host Name or IP Address and enter the name or address of the destination you want to trace. 2. Select Maximum hops (1..64) to set the maximum number of routers to count between the Netopia Router and the destination router, up to the maximum of 64. The default is 30 hops. 3.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-7 Disconnect Telnet Console Session If you want to close your Telnet Console session, select Disconnect Telnet Console Session and press Return. A dialog box appears asking you to cancel or continue your selection.
16-8 User’s Reference Guide Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) TFTP Server Name: Firmware File Name: GET ROUTER FIRMWARE FROM SERVER... Config File Name: GET CONFIG FROM SERVER... SEND CONFIG TO SERVER... TFTP Transfer State -- Idle TFTP Current Transfer Bytes -- 0 The sections below describe how to update the Router’s firmware and how to download and upload configuration files.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-9 will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new firmware into effect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and off. Caution! ■ Be sure the firmware update you load onto your router is the correct version for your particular model. Some models do not support all firmware versions. Loading an incorrect firmware version can permanently damage the unit.
16-10 User’s Reference Guide Uploading a file can also be useful for troubleshooting purposes. The uploaded configuration file can be tested on a different Netopia R3100 unit by Netopia or your network administrator. To upload a configuration file, follow these steps: 1. Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use. The server name or IP address is available from the site where the server is located. 2.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-11 1. Make sure you have the firmware file on disk and know the path to its location. 2. Select Send Firmware to Netopia and press Return.
16-12 User’s Reference Guide 3. Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file, or select CONTINUE to download the file. If you choose CONTINUE, you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file. If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time, the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transfer’s failure. You can then try again.
Utilities and Diagnostics 16-13 ISDN Switch Loopback Test The ISDN loopback test is designed to confirm the existence of a working ISDN line and the proper configuration of certain Netopia R3100 ISDN Router parameters. This test is available only on switched ISDN lines. Using the first B-channel, the test calls the Netopia R3100 on the second B-channel, creating a call loop back to the unit.
16-14 User’s Reference Guide If the loopback test fails Follow these suggestions to track down the reason behind the loopback test’s failure: ■ Check that the WAN Ready LED is solid green. ■ Check the ISDN event log and get more information about events that seem relevant to the failure. ■ Check the B-channel usage in the Quick View screen to make sure there were no active calls when the loopback test was performed.
Part III: Appendixes
User’s Reference Guide
Troubleshooting A-1 Appendix A Troubleshooting This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot problems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia R3100. It also includes information on how to contact Netopia Technical Support. Important information on these problems may be found in the event histories kept by the Netopia R3100. These event histories can be accessed in the Statistics, Utilities, Tests screen.
A-2 User’s Reference Guide SmartStart Troubleshooting The Status field of the SmartStart application will display information and indicate problems as they are detected. Console connection problems Can’t see the configuration screens (nothing appears) ■ Check the cable connection from the Netopia R3100’s console port to the computer being used as a console. ■ Check that the terminal emulation software is accessing the correct port on the computer that’s being used as a console.
Troubleshooting A-3 Power outages If you suspect that power was restored after a power outage, and the Netopia R3100 is connected to a remote site, you may need to switch the Netopia R3100 off and then back on again. After temporary power outages, a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected. Rebooting the router should reestablish the connection. Technical support Netopia, Inc.
A-4 User’s Reference Guide Phone: 1 800-782-6449 Fax: 1 510-814-5023 Netopia, Inc. Customer Service 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda, California 94501 USA Netopia Bulletin Board Service: 1 510-865-1321 Online product information Product information can be found in the following: Netopia World Wide Web server via http://www.netopia.com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp.netopia.
Setting Up Telco Services B-1 Appendix B Setting Up Telco Services This chapter describes how to obtain telco services from your telephone service provider.
B-2 User’s Reference Guide The physical ISDN line You can either convert an existing analog telephone line to ISDN or install a new ISDN line. In either case, make sure there is a wall jack for the line near the location where you intend to install the Netopia Router. In many cases, ISDN can use the same physical wire used for analog service. For more information consult with your ISDN service provider.
Setting Up Telco Services B-3 Not all telephone service providers are aware of IOCs. Even though these providers may not understand IOCs, they will be familiar with the features and parameters that the IOC defines and can provision the ISDN line accordingly. For a complete listing of all IOCs, or for more information about IOCs, refer to the Bell Communications Research web site at ‘www.bellcore.com’.
B-4 User’s Reference Guide Long-distance ISDN calls (North American models only) If you are interested in placing long-distance calls on your Netopia Router, you will want to sign up with a long-distance telephone carrier company that offers connectivity over ISDN. When the Netopia Router places long-distance calls on your ISDN line, you will then be automatically billed by a long-distance telephone company. Therefore, make sure you use a long-distance company of your choice for your ISDN line.
Setting Up Telco Services B-5 Completing the ISDN worksheet The following ISDN worksheets are provided for you to enter ISDN account information. For your convenience, you may want to photocopy the appropriate ISDN worksheet, and then complete the copy. When completing the worksheet, fill in: ■ Section 1 when you find out from whom you’ll be ordering your ISDN line. ■ Section 2 when ordering your ISDN line. ■ Section 3 after ordering your ISDN line. Complete the worksheet carefully.
B-6 User’s Reference Guide ISDN Telco Worksheet for North America 1. ISDN Service Provider (Telephone Company) contact information Name and Address: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Telephone/Fax numbers: _______________________________________________________ E-mail address: _______________________________________________________________ 2.
Setting Up Telco Services ISDN Telco Worksheet for Outside North America 1. ISDN Service Provider (Telephone Company) contact information Name and Address: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Telephone/Fax numbers: _______________________________________________________ E-mail address: _______________________________________________________________ 2.
B-8 User’s Reference Guide
North American Telco Provisioning for ISDN C-1 Appendix C North American Telco Provisioning for ISDN North American ISDN BRI Provisioning Parameters Protocol Version Control (PVC) Terminal Type TEI Assignment Directory Numbers CSD/CSV for DN1 CSD/CSV for DN2 Packet on D/B (PSD/PSB) Circuit Switched Voice (CSV) Call Appearance Call Appearance Quality CSV Channel CSV Additional Call Offering (ACO) CSV Limit CSV Notification Busy (NB) Limit Circuit Switched Data (CSD) CSD Channel CSD Additional Call Offering
C-2 User’s Reference Guide
Setting Up Internet Services D-1 Appendix D Setting Up Internet Services This chapter describes how to obtain and set up Internet Services. This section covers the following topics: ■ “Finding an Internet service provider” on page D-1 ■ “Deciding on an ISP account” on page D-2 ■ “Obtaining information from the ISP” on page D-3 Note: Some companies act as their own ISP.
D-2 User’s Reference Guide Pricing and support Compare pricing, service, and technical support service among various ISPs. ISP’s Point of presence Check with your ISP for the location of their nearest point of presence (POP) in reference to your site. In some instances, the ISP that you choose may not offer a POP in your local area. If that is the case, you may incur additional fees for long-distance calls. Endorsements Consider recommendations from colleagues and reviews in publications.
Setting Up Internet Services D-3 Obtaining information from the ISP After your account is set up, the ISP should send you the IP parameter information that will help you to configure the Netopia R3100.
D-4 User’s Reference Guide Remote WAN IP address information to obtain ■ The telephone number of the ISP’s local or nearby dial-up POP (point-of-presence). ■ Remote IP address of router at ISP or other remote site ■ Remote IP subnet mask address of router at ISP or other remote site ■ PPP authentication type for router at the ISP, such as PAP.
Understanding IP Addressing E-1 Appendix E Understanding IP Addressing This appendix is a brief general introduction to IP addressing. A basic understanding of IP will help you in configuring the Netopia R3100 and using some of its powerful features, such as static routes and packet filtering. In packets, a header is part of the envelope information that surrounds the actual data being transmitted. In e-mail, a header is usually the address and routing information found at the top of messages.
E-2 User’s Reference Guide IP addresses indicate both the identity of the network and the identity of the individual host on the network. The number of bits used for the network number and the number of bits used for the host number can vary, as long as certain rules are followed. The local network manager assigns IP host numbers to individual machines. IP addresses are maintained and assigned by the InterNIC, a quasi-governmental organization now increasingly under the auspices of private industry.
Understanding IP Addressing E-3 Subnet masks To create subnets, the network manager must define a subnet mask, a 32-bit number that indicates which bits in an IP address are used for network and subnetwork addresses, and which are used for host addresses. One subnet mask should apply to all IP networks that are physically connected together and share a single assigned network number.
E-4 User’s Reference Guide Network configuration Below is a diagram of a simple network configuration. The ISP is providing a Class C address to the customer site, and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access through this address. Netopia R3100 B connects to Netopia R3100 A and is provided Internet access through Routers A and B. Customer Site A PC 1: IP Address: 192.168.1.3 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.128 Gateway: 192.168.1.1 Router B: ISP Network Router A: IP Address: 10.0.0.1 Subnet Mask: 255.
Understanding IP Addressing E-5 Background The IP Addresses and routing configurations for the devices shown in the diagram are outlined below. In addition, each individual field and its meaning are described. The “IP Address” and “Subnet Mask” fields define the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the device's Ethernet connection to the network while the “Remote IP” and “Remote Sub” fields describe the IP Address and Subnet mask of the remote router.
E-6 User’s Reference Guide There are two schemes for distributing the remaining IP addresses: ■ Manually give each computer an address ■ Let the Netopia R3100 automatically distribute the addresses These two methods are not mutually exclusive; you can manually issue some of the addresses while the rest are distributed by the Netopia R3100. Using the Router in this way allows it to function as an address server.
Understanding IP Addressing E-7 Number of Devices (other than Netopia R3100) on Local Network Largest Possible Ethernet Subnet Mask 30-61 255.255.255.192 62-125 255.255.255.128 125-259 255.255.255.0 Configuration This section describes the specific IP address lease, renew, and release mechanisms for both the Mac and PC, with either DHCP or MacIP address serving. DHCP Address Serving Windows 95 Workstation: ■ The Win95 workstation requests and renews its lease every half hour.
E-8 User’s Reference Guide and server. MacIP Serving Macintosh Workstation (MacTCP or Open Transport): Once the Mac workstation requests and receives a valid address, the Netopia R3100 will actively check for the workstation’s existence once every minute. ■ For a DYNAMIC address, the Netopia R3100 will release the address back to the address pool after it has lost contact with the Mac workstation for over 2 minutes.
Understanding IP Addressing E-9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Block of IP host addresses (derived from network IP address + mask issued by ISP) 1 Distributed to the Netopia R3100 (Ethernet IP address) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Manually distributed (static) Pool of Addresses Distributed by MacIP and DHCP The figure above shows an example of a block of IP addresses being distributed correctly.
E-10 User’s Reference Guide Nested IP subnets Under certain situations, you may wish to create remote subnets from the limited number of IP addresses issued by your ISP or other authority. You can do this using connection profiles. These subnets can be nested within the range of IP addresses available to your network. For example, suppose that you obtain the Class C network address a.b.c.0 to be distributed among three networks.
Understanding IP Addressing E-11 Routers B and C (which could also be Netopia R3100s) serve the two remote networks that are subnets of a.b.c.0. The subnetting is accomplished by configuring the Netopia R3100 with connection profiles for Routers B and C (see the following table). Connection profile Remote IP address Remote IP mask Bits available for host address for Router B a.b.c.128 255.255.255.192 7 for Router C a.b.c.248 255.255.255.
E-12 User’s Reference Guide The following diagram illustrates the IP address space taken up by the two remote IP subnets. You can see from the diagram why the term nested is appropriate for describing these subnets. 1 Address range available to a.b.c.0, less the two nested subnets 129 valid addresses used by a.b.c.128 190 valid addresses used by a.b.c.248 249 254 Broadcasts As mentioned earlier, binary IP host or subnet addresses composed entirely of ones or zeros are reserved for broadcasting.
Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-1 Appendix F Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior This appendix describes how Network Address Translation works within the Netopia R3100. The Netopia R3100 implements a powerful feature called Network Address Translation (NAT) as specified in RFC 1631. NAT is used for IP address conservation and for security purposes since there will only be a single IP “presence” on the WAN.
F-2 User’s Reference Guide When the Netopia R3100 establishes a connection over its WAN interface with another router it uses the Point to Point Protocol (PPP). Within PPP there is a Network Control Protocol (NCP) called Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) which handles the negotiation of IP addresses between the two routers, in this case the Netopia R3100 at the customer site above and the Router at the Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-3 When the Netopia R3100 receives this IP packet, it can not simply forward it to the WAN interface and the Internet since the IP addresses on the LAN interface are not valid or globally unique for the Internet. Instead the Netopia R3100 has to change the IP packet to reflect the IP address that was acquired on the WAN interface from the ISP.
F-4 User’s Reference Guide WWW Server 163.176.4.32 ISP Router 200.1.1.1 Netopia Router LAN: 192.168.5.1 WAN: 200.1.1.40 Router Netopia ISP Router to WWW Src IP: 200.1.1.40 Dst IP: 163.176.4.32 Src Port:: 5001 Dst Port:: 80 ISP Router to WWW Src IP: 200.1.1.40 Dst IP: 163.176.4.32 Src Port:: 5002 Dst Port:: 80 WWW to ISP Router Src IP: 163.176.4.32 Dst IP: 200.1.1.40 Src Port:: 80 Dst Port:: 5002 WWW to ISP Router Src IP: 163.176.4.32 Dst IP: 200.1.1.
Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-5 Source LAN IP 192.168.5.2 192.168.5.3 Source LAN Port TCP 400 TCP 400 Remapped LAN Port TCP 5001 TCP 5002 With this information the Netopia R3100 can determine the appropriate routing for an IP response from the Internet. In this case when the WWW Server responds with a destination port of 5001, the Netopia R3100 can see that this packet's destination on the local LAN interface is actually Workstation A at IP address 192.168.5.2.
F-6 User’s Reference Guide Important notes Even with the advantages of NAT, there are several things you should note carefully: ■ There is no formally agreed upon method among router vendors to handle an all-zeros IPCP request. The majority of router vendors use the all-zeros IPCP request to determine when a dial-in host wants to be assigned an IP address. Some vendors however attempt to negotiate and establish routing with an all-zeros IP address.
Understanding Netopia NAT Behavior F-7 IP Profile Parameters Remote IP Address: Remote IP Mask: 127.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 Address Translation Enabled: Yes Filter Set... Remove Filter Set Receive RIP: No Enter the remote IP network's IP address (form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx decimal). Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here.
F-8 User’s Reference Guide Add Exported Service +-Type------Port--+ +-----------------+ Service... | ftp 21 | | telnet 23 | | smtp 25 | Local Server's IP Address: | tftp 69 | | gopher 70 | | finger 79 | | www-http 80 | | pop2 109 | | pop3 110 | | snmp 161 | | timbuktu 407 | | pptp 1723 | | irc 6667 | | Other...
Understanding Frame Relay G-1 Appendix G Understanding Frame Relay This appendix explains some of the major components of Frame Relay. Frame Relay is a streamlined subset of the X.25 packet switching protocol which has been used by many corporations for wide area communications for a number of years. By removing the X.25 protocol error correction function and its associated overhead, Frame Relay can be used effectively up to T3 speeds over error-free lines (about 45 megabits per second).
G-2 User’s Reference Guide Committed Information Rate (CIR) The Committed Information Rate is a tool your Frame Relay service provider uses to manage your PVCs. The CIR measures the average amount of normal priority data your Frame Relay network will attempt to deliver in a given time interval. Committed Burst Size (Bc) The Committed Burst specifies the maximum amount of data that your Frame Relay service provider agrees to transfer under normal conditions over the time interval Tc.
Understanding Frame Relay G-3 Bc = Committed burst Be = Excess burst CIR = Committed information rate To = Beginning of interval Tc = Interval Bc/CIR Addressing The logical address of a PVC is called the data link connection identifier (DLCI). The DLCI identifies each PVC within a shared physical channel. Frame Relay packets are exchanged between nodes by mapping packets containing the source node’s DLCI address to the destination DLCI address at the switch.
G-4 User’s Reference Guide Encapsulation and Fragmentation RFC 1490 describes an encapsulation method for carrying packets across a Frame Relay network. All protocol packets are encapsulated within a Q.922 Annex A frame (a CCITT specification for data frames). The frames must also contain information necessary to identify the protocol being carried, allowing the receiver to properly process the incoming packets.
Understanding Frame Relay G-5 Note that the four routers above are connected in a partial mesh, all on the same IP network (1.0.0.0/24). Router 1 and router 2 cannot communicate directly, because there is no PVC between them. However, they can communicate via router 3 or router 4. The same is true for router 3 and router 4, which can communicate via router 1 or router 2. Another common partial mesh topology is the following “star” or “hub and spoke” configuration: 2.0.0.1 router 2 1.0.0.2 1.0.0.
G-6 User’s Reference Guide
Event Histories H-1 Appendix H Event Histories This appendix is a list of some of the events that can appear in the Netopia R3100’s Event Histories. The text that appears in a history is shown in bold, followed by a brief explanation and the parameters associated with the event. The Event Histories display events for the Device and for the WAN under separate sections. You can display more information about any event by selecting it in the Event History and pressing Return.
H-2 User’s Reference Guide ISDN Line Active: ISDN L1 active - L1 not ready to carry L2 data. Associated parameter: switch type or protocol. SPID Initialized: SPID accepted by switch. Associated parameter: directory number associated with SPID. SPID Failed: SPID rejected/removed by switch. Associated parameter: directory number associated with SPID. ISDN Line Deactivated: ISDN L1 not active - L1 not ready to carry L2 data. Associated parameter: switch type or protocol.
Event Histories H-3 Cause No. 3: no route to destination. This cause indicates that the called user cannot be reached because the network through which the call has been routed does not serve the destination desired. This cause is supported on a network-dependent basis. Cause No. 6: channel unacceptable. This cause indicates that the channel used in this call is not acceptable to the sending entity. Cause No.7: call awarded and being delivered in an established channel.
H-4 User’s Reference Guide Cause No. 34: no circuit/channel available. This cause indicates that there is no appropriate circuit/channel presently available to handle the call. Cause No. 38: network out of order. This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that the condition is likely to last a relatively long period of time: e.g., immediately reattempting the call is not likely to be successful. Cause No. 41: temporary failure.
Event Histories H-5 Cause No. 81: invalid call reference value. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message with a call reference which is not currently in use on the user-network interface. Cause No. 82: identified channel does not exist. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a request to use a channel not activated on the interface for a call.
H-6 User’s Reference Guide Cause No. 100: invalid information element contents. This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received an information element which it has implemented; however, one or more of the fields in the information element are coded in a way that has not been implemented by the equipment sending this cause. Cause No 101: message not compatible with call state. This cause indicates that a message has been received that is incompatible with the call state. Cause No.
ISDN Configuration Guide I-1 Appendix I ISDN Configuration Guide This appendix contains supplemental ISDN configuration information. This section covers the following topics: ■ “Definitions” on page I-1 ■ “About SPIDs” on page I-1 ■ “Dynamic B-channel usage” on page I-2 Definitions The following terms are used in this appendix: Directory number: The actual phone number associated with the ISDN line you order.
I-2 User’s Reference Guide Switch SPID format yyyxxxxxxx1 and yyyxxxxxxx2 or yyyxxxxxxx01 and yyyxxxxxxx02 Northern Telecom DMS-100 custom National ISDN-1 on AT&T 5ESS (multipoint) National ISDN-1 on Northern Telecom DMS-100 01xxxxxxx000 yyyxxxxxxx0100 and yyyxxxxxxx0101 Note: AT&T 5ESS custom point-to-point switches have no SPIDs and are not represented in the table above. However, this type of switch configuration is supported by the Netopia R3100.
ISDN Configuration Guide I-3 This table may not be a complete list of switch protocols that support ACO. To find out if your switch protocol supports ACO, or to turn ACO on, contact your ISDN service provider. Other incoming call restrictions A B-channel will not be relinquished to admit an incoming call if a connection profile has B-Channel Usage set to 2 B-Channels. A B-channel will not be relinquished to admit an incoming call when there are two separate concurrent calls.
I-4 User’s Reference Guide
Binary Conversion Table J-1 Appendix J Binary Conversion Table This table is provided to help you choose subnet numbers and host numbers for IP and MacIP networks that use subnetting for IP addresses.
J-2 User’s Reference Guide Decimal Binary Decimal Binary Decimal Binary Decimal Binary 128 10000000 160 10100000 192 11000000 224 11100000 129 10000001 161 10100001 193 11000001 225 11100001 130 10000010 162 10100010 194 11000010 226 11100010 131 10000011 163 10100011 195 11000011 227 11100011 132 10000100 164 10100100 196 11000100 228 11100100 133 10000101 165 10100101 197 11000101 229 11100101 134 10000110 166 10100110 198 11000110 230 111001
Further Reading K-1 Appendix K Further Reading Angell, David. ISDN for Dummies, Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, 1995. Thorough introduction to ISDN for beginners. Apple Computer, Inc. AppleTalk Network System Overview. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.; 1989. Apple Computer, Inc. Planning and Managing AppleTalk Networks. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.; 1991. Black, U. Data Networks: Concepts, Theory and Practice.
K-2 User’s Reference Guide Hares, S. "Components of OSI: Inter-Domain Routing Protocol (IDRP)." ConneXions: The Interoperability Report, Vol. 6, No. 5: May 1992. Jones, N.E.H. and D. Kosiur. Macworld Networking Handbook. San Mateo, California: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.; 1992. Joyce, S.T. and J.Q. Walker II. "Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN): An Overview." ConneXions: The Interoperability Report, Vol. 6, No. 10: October 1992. Kousky, K. "Bridging the Network Gap." LAN Technology, Vol. 6, No.
Further Reading K-3 Rose, M.T. The Open Book: A Practical Perspective on OSI. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1990. Rose, M.T. The Simple Book: An Introduction to Management of TCP/IP-based Internets. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1991. Ross, F.E. "FDDI--A Tutorial." IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 24, No. 5: May 1986. Schlar, S.K. Inside X.25: A Manager's Guide. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.; 1990. Schwartz, M.
K-4 User’s Reference Guide
Technical Specifications and Safety Information L-1 Appendix L Technical Specifications and Safety Information Pinouts for Auxiliary Port Modem Cable 1300 ohms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Shield 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Shield BRAID HD-15 DB-25 Pin 1 Ground Pin 1 (not used) Pin 2 TDA Pin 2 TD Pin 3 TDB Pin 3 RD Pin 4 RDA Pin 4 RTS Pin 5 RDB Pin 5 CTS Pin 6 (not used) Pin 6 DCE Ready Pin 7 DTR Pin 7 Ground Pin 8 CTS Pin 8
L-2 User’s Reference Guide HD-15 DB-25 Pin 9 DSR Pin 9 -RSET (EIA-530) Pin 10 DCD Pin 10 (not used) Pin 11 (not used) Pin 11 -TSET (EIA-530) Pin 12 TCA Pin 12 (not used) Pin 13 TCB Pin 13 (not used) Pin 14 RCA Pin 14 -TD (EIA-530) STD (EIA-232) Pin 15 RCB Pin 15 (not used) Pin 16 -RD (EIA-530) SRD (EIA-232) Pin 17 RSET Pin 18 (not used) Pin 19 -RTS (EIA-530) SRTS (EIA-232) Pin 20 DTE Ready Pin 21 (not used) Pin 22 (not used) Pin 23 Ground Pin 24 TSET Pin 25 (
Technical Specifications and Safety Information L-3 Description Dimensions: 124.0 cm (w) x 20.0 cm (d) x 5.3 cm (h) 9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications interfaces: The Netopia R3100 ISDN Router has an RJ-45 jack for ISDN connections; an 8 port 10Base-T Ethernet hub for your LAN connection; a DE-9 Console port; and an HD-15 Auxiliary port that can be used as either a serial or LocalTalk port. Power requirements ■ 12 VDC input ■ 1.
L-4 User’s Reference Guide Agency approvals North America Safety Approvals: ■ United States – UL: 1950 Third Edition ■ Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.
Technical Specifications and Safety Information L-5 United States. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
L-6 User’s Reference Guide Declaration for Canadian users The Canadian Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operation and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction. Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company.
Technical Specifications and Safety Information L-7 near the product for easy access. ■ For use only with CSA Certified Class 2 power supply, rated 12VDC, 1.5A. Telecommunication installation cautions ■ Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm. ■ Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specifically designed for wet locations. ■ Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface.
L-8 User’s Reference Guide
Glossary 1 Glossary Access Line: A telephone line reaching from the telephone company central office to a point usually on your premises. Beyond this point the wire is considered inside wiring. See also Trunk Line. analog: In telecommunications, telephone transmission and/or switching that is not digital. An analog phone transmission is one that was originally intended to carry speech or voice, but may with appropriate modifications be used to carry data of other types.
2 User’s Reference Guide byte: A group of bits, normally eight, which represent one data character. CallerID: See CND. CCITT (Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique): International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy and Telephony, a standards organization that devises and proposes recommendations for international communications. See also ANSI (American National Standards Institute).
Glossary 3 DNS (Domain Name Service): A TCP/IP protocol for discovering and maintaining network resource information distributed among different servers. download: The process of transferring a file from a server to a client. EIA (Electronic Industry Association): A North American standards association. Ethernet: A networking protocol that defines a type of LAN characterized by a 10 Mbps (megabits per second) data rate. Ethernet is used in many mainframe, PC, and UNIX networks, as well as for EtherTalk.
4 User’s Reference Guide internet: A set of networks connected together by routers. This is a general term, not to be confused with the large, multi-organizational collection of IP networks known as the Internet. An internet is sometimes also known as an internetwork. internet address, IP address: Any computing device that uses the Internet Protocol (IP) must be assigned an internet or IP address.
Glossary 5 NAT (Network Address Translation): A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP address, instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network. NetBIOS: A network communications protocol used on PC LANs. network: A group of computer systems and other computer devices that communicate with one another.
6 User’s Reference Guide remapping: See network number remapping. RFC (Request for Comment): A series of documents used to exchange information and standards about the Internet. RIP (Routing Information Protocol): A protocol used for the transmission of IP routing information. RJ-11: A telephone-industry standard connector type, usually containing four pins. RJ-45: A telephone-industry standard connector type usually containing eight pins. router: A device that supports network communications.
Glossary 7 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): An open network standard that defines how devices from different manufacturers communicate with each other over one or more interconnected networks. TCP/IP protocols are the foundation of the Internet, a worldwide network of networks connecting businesses, governments, researchers, and educators. telephone wall cable: 2-pair, 4-pair, or 8-pair, 22- or 24-gauge solid copper wire cable.
8 User’s Reference Guide
Index-1 Index Numerics 10Base-T 4-3 connecting 4-3 A add static route 11-14 adding a filter set 15-13 advanced configuration features 8-12 answer profile call acceptance scenarios 10-12 defined 10-9 answering calls 10-9 AppleTalk 1-2 configuring LocalTalk 13-8 routing table 14-9 setup 13-1 tunneling (AURP) 13-4, 13-9 zones 13-7, 13-8 AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol, see AURP application software 4-2 AURP adding a partner 13-10 configuration 13-11 connecting to a partner 13-10 hop-count reduction 13
Index-2 connection profiles defined 7-3, 7-7 scheduling 10-1 console configuration 8-16 configuring 8-16 connection problems A-2 screens, connecting to 8-11 console-based management configuring with 6-1, 7-1, 8-1 D D.
Index-3 finding an ISDN service provider B-1 finding an ISP D-1 firewall 15-18 firmware files updating with TFTP 16-8 updating with XMODEM 16-10 Frame Relay G-1 addressing G-3, G-4 configuring 7-11 encapsulation G-4 local management interface (LMI) G-3 ftp sessions 15-21 further reading K-1 G general statistics 14-4 Glossary GL-1 H hard seeding 13-5 hops 14-10 how to reach us A-3 I input filter 3 15-19 input filters 1 and 2 15-19 input filters 4 and 5 15-19 Internet addresses, see IP addresses internet pro
Index-4 MIBs supported 14-12 multiple subnets 11-10 N NAT attributes 11-5 defined 11-1 features 11-2 guidelines 11-5 using 11-3 navigating Easy Setup 6-5 NCSA Telnet 6-3 nested IP subnets E-10 NetBIOS 11-18, 12-3 NetBIOS scope 11-19 Netopia answering calls 10-9 connecting to Ethernet, rules 4-3 connecting to LocalTalk 4-6 connection profile 7-3, 7-7 distributing IP addresses 11-16, E-5 IP setup 7-9 IPX setup 7-9 LocalTalk configuration 13-8 monitoring 14-1 security 15-1 system utilities and diagnostics 16-
Index-5 S SAP server types 12-3 scheduled connections adding 10-6 defined 10-1 deleting 10-9 modifying 10-9 once-only 10-8 viewing 10-5 weekly 10-7 screens, connecting to 8-11 security filters 15-4–15-21 measures to increase 15-1 telnet 15-4 user accounts (passwords) 15-2 security options screen 15-2 seeding 13-5 Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) 12-2 Service Profile ID, see SPID setting up an ISDN line B-2 show static routes 11-13 Simple Network Management Protocol, see SNMP SmartIP 11-1 SmartPhone 9-1 c
Index-6 TFTP, transferring files 16-7 TID, defined I-1 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 16-7 Trivial File Transfer Protocol, see TFTP troubleshooting A-1 console-based management 7-2 event histories 5-3, 14-5 loopback test 16-13 SmartStart Macintosh A-2 PC A-1 WAN statistics 14-4 trusted host 15-20 trusted subnet 15-20 tunneling 13-4 U unproxied addresses 11-1 updating firmware with TFTP 16-8 with XMODEM 16-10 updating router firmware 16-8 uploading a configuration file 16-9 uploading configuration fi
Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies 1 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies Netopia warrants to you, the end user, that the Netopia R3100™ ISDN Router (the “Product”) will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of one (1) year from date of purchase. Netopia’s entire liability and your sole remedy under this warranty during the warranty period is that Netopia shall, at its sole option, either repair or replace the Product.
2 User’s Reference Guide
