ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual NETGEAR, Inc. 350 East Plumeria Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA 202-10059-03 January 2012 v5.
© 2012 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks NETGEAR and the NETGEAR logo are trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
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Contents About This Manual Conventions, Formats and Scope .................................................................................... xi How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................. xii Revision History ...............................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Introduction Key Features of the VPN Firewall ................................................
Using the Smart Setup Wizard .....................................................................................2-11 Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection ...........................................................2-11 Chapter 3 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ........................................................3-1 Block Sites ............................................................................................................
Activating the VPN Tunnel .....................................................................................4-27 Using a Web browser to Activate the VPN Tunnel ..........................................4-27 Using the VPN Status Page to Activate a VPN Tunnel ...................................4-27 Pinging the Remote Endpoint ..........................................................................4-28 Verifying the Status of a VPN Tunnel ...................................................................
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................7-2 Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................7-4 Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................7-4 Configuring Static Routes ...............................................................................................7-5 Enabling Remote Management Access ......................
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... C-17 The FVS318v3-to-FVL328 Case ................................................................................. C-18 Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................. C-19 Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters ............................................................. C-21 Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections .............................
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About This Manual The NETGEAR® ProSafe™ VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual describes how to install, configure and troubleshoot the ProSafe VPN Firewall . The information in this manual is intended for readers with intermediate computer and Internet skills. Conventions, Formats and Scope The conventions, formats, and scope of this manual are described in the following paragraphs: • • Typographical Conventions.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • Scope. This manual is written for the VPN firewall according to these specifications: Product Version ProSafe VPN Firewall Manual Publication Date January 2012 For more information about network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies, see the links to the NETGEAR website in .Appendix B, “Related Documents” Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. website at http://support.netgear.com/app/products/model/a_id/2423.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Revision History Part Number Version Description Number 202-10059-02 4.0 Documenation change only: (a) Corrected VPN client screen captures and (b) deleted use of Schedules for Block Sites. 202-10059-03 5.0 Documentation change only: Web address keywords changed to 64 entries. -xiii v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual -xiv v5.
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Firewall . Key Features of the VPN Firewall The ProSafe VPN Firewall with eight-port switch connects your local area network (LAN) to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem. The FVS318v3 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and intrusions.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT firewalls, the FVS318v3 is a true firewall, using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include: • DoS protection. Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND Attack, and IP Spoofing. • Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual The firewall incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each Ethernet port automatically senses whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub. That port then configures itself to the correct configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • Diagnostic functions. The firewall incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping, DNS lookup, and remote reboot. • Remote management. The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface from a remote location on the Internet. For security, you can limit remote management access to a specified remote IP address or range of addresses, and you can choose a nonstandard port number. • Visual monitoring.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual The FVS318v3 Front Panel The front panel of the VPN firewall contains the status LEDs described below. PWR Test Internet LOCAL Ports Figure 1-1 You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Viewed from left to right, Table 1-1 describes the LEDs on the front panel of the firewall. These LEDs are green when lit. Table 1-1. LED Descriptions LED Label Activity Description PWR On Power is supplied to the firewall.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual The FVS318v3 Rear Panel The rear panel of the VPN firewall contains the port connections listed below.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual NETGEAR-Related Products NETGEAR products related to the FVS318v3 are listed in the following table: Table 1-2. NETGEAR-Related Products Category Wireless Wired Notebooks WAG511 108 Mbps Dual Band PC Card WG511T 108 Mbps PC Card WG511 54 Mbps PC Card WG111 54 Mbps USB 2.0 Adapter MA521 802.11b PC Card MA111 802.11b USB Adapter FA511 CardBus Adapter FA120 USB 2.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 1-8 Introduction v5.
Chapter 2 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the firewall on your LAN, connect to the Internet, perform basic configuration of your ProSafe VPN Firewall using the Setup Wizard, or how to manually configure your Internet connection. Follow these instructions to set up your firewall. Prepare to Install Your ProSafe VPN Firewall • For Cable Modem Service.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Cable 1 A Internet Computer Modem Figure 2-1 d. Disconnect the cable at the computer end only, point A in the diagram. e. Look at the label on the bottom of the VPN firewall. Locate the Internet port. Securely insert the Ethernet cable from your modem (Cable 1 in the diagram below) into the Internet port of the VPN firewall as shown in point B of the diagram. Internet port Firewall B Cable 1 Internet Modem Figure 2-2 f.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual D Blue NETGEAR Cable Internet C Firewall Computer Local Ports Modem Figure 2-3 Your network cables are connected and you are ready to restart your network. 2. Restart your network in the correct sequence. Warning: First, turn on the broadband modem and wait 2 minutes. g. Now, plug in the power cord to your VPN firewall and wait one minute. h. Last, turn on your computer.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Power Local Port 8 Test Internet Figure 2-4 i. Check the VPN firewall status lights to verify the following: • PWR: The power light should turn solid green. If it does not, see “Troubleshooting Tips” on page 2-6. • TEST: The test light blinks when the firewall is first turned on then goes off. If after two minutes it is still on, see “Troubleshooting Tips” on page 2-6. • INTERNET: The Internet LINK light should be lit.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 2-5 . Note: If you do not see this page, type http://www.routerlogin.net in the browser address bar and press Enter. If you still cannot see this screen, see “Bypassing the Configuration Assistant” on page 2-10 If you cannot connect to the VPN firewall, verify your computer networking setup. It should be set to obtain both IP and DNS server addresses automatically, which is usually so.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 2-6 Note: The Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant only appears when the firewall is in its factory default state. After you configure the VPN firewall, it will not appear again. You can always connect to the firewall to change its settings. To do so, open a browser such as Internet Explorer and go to http:// www.routerlogin.net. Then, when prompted, enter admin as the user name and password for the password both in lower case letters.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • The Internet link light on the VPN firewall will be lit if the Ethernet cable to the VPN firewall from the modem is plugged in securely and the modem and VPN firewall are turned on. • For each powered on computer connected to the VPN firewall with a securely plugged in Ethernet cable, the corresponding VPN firewall LOCAL port link light will be lit. The labels on the front and back of the VPN firewall identify the number of each LOCAL port.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table 2-1. Ways to access the firewall Firewall State Access Options Description Automatic Access via the Smart Wizard Configuration Note: The VPN firewall is supplied in Assistant the factory default state. Also, the factory default state is restored when you Manually enter a URL use the factory reset to bypass the Smart button. See Wizard Configuration “Backing Up the Assistant Configuration” on page 6-7 for more information on this feature.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Logging On to the FVS318v3 After Configuration Settings Have Been Applied 1. Connect to the VPN firewall by typing http://www.routerlogin.net in the address field of your browser, then press Enter. Figure 2-7 2. For security reasons, the firewall has its own user name and password. When prompted, enter admin for the firewall user name and password for the firewall password, both in lower case letters.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 2-9 When the VPN firewall is connected to the Internet, click the KnowledgeBase or the Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the documentation for the VPN firewall. If you do not click Logout, the VPN firewall will wait five minutes after there is no activity before it automatically logs you out. Bypassing the Configuration Assistant 1. When the VPN firewall is in the factory default state, type http://www.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual If you do not click Logout, the VPN firewall waits five minutes after there is no activity before it automatically logs you out. Using the Smart Setup Wizard You can use the Smart Setup Wizard to assist with manual configuration or to verify the Internet connection. The Smart Setup Wizard is not the same as the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant (as illustrated in Figure 2-5) that only appears when the firewall is in its factory default state.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual ISP Does Not Require Login ISP Does Require Login Figure 2-10 To manually configure the Product Family using the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 2-10: 1. Log in to the Product Family at its default address of http://www.routerlogin.net using a browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator. 2. Click the Basic Settings link under the Setup section of the main menu. 2-12 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 3. If your Internet connection does not require a login, click No at the top of the Basic Settings menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below. If your Internet connection does require a login, click Yes, and skip to the procedure requiring a login. a. Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers. b.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 2. For connections that require a login using protocols such as PPPoE, PPTP, Telstra Bigpond Cable broadband connections, select your Internet service provider from the drop-down menu Figure 2-11 3. The screen will change according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select. Fill in the parameters for your ISP according to the Wizard-detected procedures starting on page 2-11. 4. Click Apply to save your settings.
Chapter 3 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the ProSafe VPN Firewall to protect your network. These features can be found by clicking on the Security heading in the main menu of the browser interface. Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview The ProSafe VPN Firewall provides you with Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e-mail.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Block Sites The FVS318v3 allows you to restrict access based on Web addresses and Web address keywords. Up to 64 entries are supported in the Keyword list. The Block Sites menu is shown in below. Figure 3-1 To enable Block Sites features: 1. Enable keyword blocking by checking the Turn keyword blocking on radio box. 2. Add a keyword or domain name by typing it in the Add Keyword field and clicking Add Keyword.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 2. Click Apply to save your changes. Keyword application examples: • If the keyword “XXX” is specified, the URL http://www.badstuff.com/xxx.html is blocked, as is the newsgroup alt.pictures.XXX. • If the keyword “.com” is specified, only Web sites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or .gov) can be viewed. • If you wish to block all Internet browsing access, enter the keyword “.”.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual These default rules are shown in the Rules table of the Rules menu shown below. Figure 3-2 You may define additional rules that specify exceptions to the default rules. By adding custom rules, you can block or allow access based on the service or application, source or destination IP addresses, and time of day. You can also choose to log traffic that matches or does not match the rule you have defined. To create a new rule, click the Add button.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • Action. Choose how you would like this type of traffic to be handled. You can block or allow always, or you can choose to block or allow according to the schedule you have defined in the Schedule menu. • Source Address. Specify traffic originating on the LAN (outbound) or the WAN (inbound), and choose whether you would like the traffic to be restricted by source IP address. You can select Any, a Single address, or a Range.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server If you host a public Web server on your local network, you can define a rule to allow inbound Web (HTTP) requests from any outside IP address to the IP address of your Web server at any time of day. This rule is illustrated below.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 3-4 Considerations for Inbound Rules • If your external IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP, the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires. Consider using the Dynamic DNS feature in the Advanced menus so that external users can always find your network. • If the IP address of the local server PC is assigned by DHCP, it may change when the PC is rebooted.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual If you want to block Instant Messenger usage by employees during working hours, you can create an outbound rule to block that application from any internal IP address to any external address according to the schedule that you have created in the Schedule menu. You can also have the firewall log any attempt to use Instant Messenger during that blocked period. Figure 3-5 3-8 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Order of Precedence for Rules As you define new rules, they are added to the tables in the Rules table, as shown below. Figure 3-6 For any traffic attempting to pass through the firewall, the packet information is subjected to the rules in the order shown in the Rules table, beginning at the top and proceeding to the default rules at the bottom.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual The Default DMZ Server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT. The firewall is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not function well. In some cases, one local PC can run the application properly if that PC’s IP address is entered as the Default DMZ Server.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual service to a server computer, the requested service is identified by a service or port number. This number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets. For example, a packet that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP (Web server) request. The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and published in RFC1700, “Assigned Numbers.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 3-8 2. Enter a descriptive name for the service so that you will remember what it is. 3. Select whether the service uses TCP or UDP as its transport protocol. If you can’t determine which is used, select both. 4. Enter the lowest port number used by the service. 5. Enter the highest port number used by the service. If the service only uses a single port number, enter the same number in both fields. 6. Click Apply.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic If you defined an inbound rule or an outbound rule to use a schedule, you can set up a schedule for when access is restricted or allowed. The firewall allows you to specify access by configuring the Schedule page shown below: Figure 3-9 To implement a firewall rule based on a schedule, select Every Day or select one or more days.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Note: Enter the values as 24-hour time. For example, to specify 10:30 am, enter 10 hours and 30 minutes; for 10:30 pm, enter 22 hours and 30 minutes. Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this page. The VPN firewall uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time and date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts In order to receive logs and alerts by e-mail, you must provide your e-mail information in the Send alerts and logs by e-mail area: Figure 3-10 • Turn e-mail notification on. Check this box if you wish to receive e-mail logs and alerts from the firewall. • Send alerts and logs by e-mail. If your enable e-mail notification, these boxes cannot be blank.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual – • If a user on your LAN attempts to access a Web site that you blocked using the Block Sites menu. Send logs according to this schedule. You can specify that logs are sent to you according to a schedule. Select whether you would like to receive the logs None, Hourly, Daily, Weekly, or When Full. Depending on your selection, you may also need to specify: – Day for sending log Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access The firewall logs security-related events such as denied incoming and outgoing service requests, hacker probes, and administrator logins. If you enable content filtering in the Block Sites menu, the Log page will also show you when someone on your network tried to access a blocked site. If you enabled e-mail notification, you'll receive these logs in an e-mail message.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Log entries are described in Table 3-1 Table 3-1. Log entry descriptions Field Description Date and Time The date and time the log entry was recorded. Description or Action The type of event and what action was taken if any. Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry. Source port and interface The service port number of the initiating device, and whether it originated from the LAN or WAN.
Chapter 4 Basic Virtual Private Networking This chapter describes how to use the virtual private networking (VPN) features of the VPN firewall. VPN communications paths are called tunnels. VPN tunnels provide secure, encrypted communications between your local network and a remote network or computer. The VPN information is organized as follows: • “Overview of VPN Configuration” on page 4-2 provides an overview of the two most common VPN configurations: client-to-gateway and gateway-to-gateway.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • Appendix C, “Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3” presents a case study on how to configure a secure IPSec VPN tunnel from a NETGEAR FVS318v3 to a FVL328. This case study follows the VPN Consortium interoperability profile guidelines (found at http://www.vpnc.org/InteropProfiles/Interop-01.html).
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual VPN Tunnel VPN Gateway B VPN Gateway A PCs PCs Figure 4-2 A VPN between two or more NETGEAR VPN-enabled firewalls is a good way to connect branch or home offices and business partners over the Internet. VPN tunnels also enable access to network resources across the Internet. In this case, use FVS318v3s on each end of the tunnel to form the VPN tunnel end points.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • FQDNs supplied by Dynamic DNS providers can allow a VPN endpoint with a dynamic IP address to initiate or respond to a tunnel request. Otherwise, the side using a dynamic IP address must always be the initiator. What method will you use to configure your VPN tunnels? – The VPN Wizard using VPNC defaults (see Table 4-1) – Advanced methods (see Chapter 5, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking”) Table 4-1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual VPN Tunnel Configuration There are two tunnel configurations and three ways to configure them: • • Use the VPN Wizard to configure a VPN tunnel (recommended for most situations): – See “Setting Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 4-5. – See “Setting Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 4-21.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the FVS318v3 This section uses the VPN Wizard to set up the VPN tunnel using the VPNC default parameters listed in Table 4-1 on page -4. If you have special requirements not covered by these VPNCrecommended parameters, refer to Chapter 5, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking” to set up the VPN tunnel. Follow this procedure to configure a client-to-gateway VPN tunnel using the VPN Wizard. 1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Enter the new Connection Name: (RoadWarrior in this example) Enter the pre-shared key: (12345678 in this example) Select the radio button: A remote VPN client (single PC) Figure 4-5 The Summary screen below displays. Figure 4-6 To view the VPNC recommended authentication and encryption settings used by the VPN Wizard, click the here link (see Figure 4-6). Click Back to return to the Summary screen. Basic Virtual Private Networking 4-7 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-7 3. Click Done on the Summary screen (see Figure 4-6) to complete the configuration procedure. The VPN Policies menu below displays showing that the new tunnel is enabled. Figure 4-8 To view or modify the tunnel settings, select the radio button next to the tunnel entry and click Edit. 4-8 Basic Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the Remote PC This procedure describes how to configure the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client. This example assumes the PC running the client has a dynamically assigned IP address. The PC must have the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client program installed that supports IPSec. Go to the NETGEAR Web site (http://www.netgear.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Note: In this example, the Connection Name used on the client side of the VPN tunnel is NETGEAR_VPN_router and it does not have to match the RoadWarrior Connection Name used on the gateway side of the VPN tunnel (see Figure 4-5) because Connection Names are unrelated to how the VPN tunnel functions. Note: Tip: Choose Connection Names that make sense to the people using and administrating the VPN. Tip: Figure 4-9 4-10 Basic Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-10 c. Select Secure in the Connection Security check box. d. Select IP Subnet in the ID Type menu. In this example, type 192.168.3.1 in the Subnet field as the network address of the FVS318v3. e. Enter 255.255.255.0 in the Mask field as the LAN Subnet Mask of the FVS318v3. f. Select All in the Protocol menu to allow all traffic through the VPN tunnel. g. Select the Connect using Secure Gateway Tunnel check box. h.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-11 c. Select the Main Mode in the Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode check box. 4. Configure the VPN Client Identity. In this step, you will provide information about the remote VPN client PC. You will need to provide: – The Pre-Shared Key that you configured in the FVS318v3. – Either a fixed IP address or a “fixed virtual” IP address of the VPN client PC. a.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-12 b. Choose None from the Select Certificate pull-down menu. c. Select IP Address from the ID Type pull-down menu. The default IP Address will display as “Any.” d. Leave the Virtual Adapter pull-down menu set to “Disabled”. e. From the Internet Interface section, select the adapter you will use to access the Internet from the Name pull-down menu. Select PPP Adapter from the Name pull-down menu if you have a dial-up Internet account.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-13 5. Configure the VPN Client Authentication Proposal. In this step, you will provide the type of encryption (DES or 3DES) to be used for this connection. This selection must match your selection in the FVS318v3 configuration. a. From the Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window, expand the Security Policy heading. b. Expand the Authentication subheading and select Proposal 1. Figure 4-14 c.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual e. From the Hash Alg pull-down menu, select SHA-1. f. From the SA Life pull-down menu, select Unspecified. g. From the Key Group pull-down menu, select Diffie-Hellman Group 2. 6. Configure the VPN Client Key Exchange Proposal. In this step, you will provide the type of encryption (DES or 3DES) to be used for this connection. This selection must match your selection in the FVS318v3 configuration. a.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual After you have configured and saved the VPN client information, your PC will automatically open the VPN connection when you attempt to access any IP addresses in the range of the remote VPN firewall’s LAN. 8. Check the VPN Connection. To check the VPN Connection, you can initiate a request from the remote PC to the FVS318v3’s network by using the “Connect” option in the NETGEAR ProSafe menu bar.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Once the connection is established, you can open the browser of the PC and enter the LAN IP address of the remote FVS318v3. After a short wait, you should see the login screen of the VPN Firewall (unless another PC already has the FVS318v3 management interface open). Monitoring the Progress and Status of the VPN Client Connection Information on the progress and status of the VPN client connection can be viewed by opening the NETGEAR ProSafe Log Viewer. 1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-19 In this example you can see the following: • The FVS318v3 has a public IP WAN address of 22.23.24.25. • The FVS318v3 has a LAN IP address of 192.168.3.1. • The VPN client PC has a dynamically assigned address of 192.168.2.2. While the connection is being established, the Connection Name field in this menu will say “SA” before the name of the connection.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Step 1: Select Export Security Policy from the File pulldown. Step 2: Click Export once you decide the name of the file and directory where you want to store the client policy. In this example, the exported policy is named policy.spd and is being stored on the C drive. Figure 4-20 Importing a Security Policy The following procedure (Figure 4-21) enables you to import an existing security policy. Basic Virtual Private Networking 4-19 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Step 1: Invoke the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client and select Import Security Policy from the File pulldown. Step 2: Select the security policy to import. In this example, the security policy file is named FVS318v3_clientpolicy_direct.spd and located on the Desktop. The security policy is now imported. In this example, the connection name is Scenario_1. Figure 4-21 4-20 Basic Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Setting Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration Note: This section uses the VPN Wizard to set up the VPN tunnel using the VPNC default parameters listed in Table 4-1 on page -4. If you have special requirements not covered by these VPNC-recommended parameters, refer to Chapter 5, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking” to set up the VPN tunnel.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-23 2. Fill in the Connection Name and the pre-shared key, select the type of target end point, and click Next to proceed. Enter the new Connection Name: (GtoG in this example) Enter the pre-shared key: (12345678 in this example) Select the radio button: A remote VPN Gateway Figure 4-24 3. Fill in the IP Address or FQDN for the target VPN endpoint WAN connection and click Next. 4-22 Basic Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Enter the WAN IP address of the remote VPN gateway: (22.23.24.25 in this example) Figure 4-25 4. Identify the IP addresses at the target endpoint that can use this tunnel, and click Next. Enter the LAN IP settings of the remote VPN gateway: • IP Address (192.168.3.1 in this example) • Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0 in this example) Figure 4-26 The Summary screen below displays. Basic Virtual Private Networking 4-23 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-27 To view the VPNC recommended authentication and encryption settings used by the VPN Wizard, click the here link (see Figure 4-27). Click Back to return to the Summary screen. 4-24 Basic Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-28 5. Click Done on the Summary screen (see Figure 4-27) to complete the configuration procedure. The VPN Policies menu below displays showing that the new tunnel is enabled. Figure 4-29 6. Repeat for the FVS318v3 on LAN B. Pay special attention and use the following network settings as appropriate. Basic Virtual Private Networking 4-25 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • WAN IP of the remote VPN gateway (e.g., 14.15.16.17) • LAN IP settings of the remote VPN gateway: – IP Address (e.g, 192.168.0.1) – Subnet Mask (e.g., 255.255.255.0) – Preshared Key (e.g., 12345678) 7. Use the VPN Status screen to activate the VPN tunnel by performing the following steps: Note: The VPN Status screen is only one of three ways to active a VPN tunnel. See “Activating the VPN Tunnel” on page 4-27 for information on the other ways. a.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-31 c. Look at the VPN Status/Log screen (Figure 4-30) to verify that the tunnel is connected. Activating the VPN Tunnel There are three ways to activate a VPN tunnel: • Using a Web browser to activate the VPN Tunnel. • Use the VPN Status page to Activate a VPN Tunnel. • Activate a VPN Tunnel by Pinging the Remote Endpoint.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-32 3. Click VPN Status (Figure 4-32) to get the Current VPN Tunnels (SAs) screen (Figure 4-33). Click Connect for the VPN tunnel you want to activate. Figure 4-33 Pinging the Remote Endpoint To activate the VPN tunnel by pinging the remote endpoint (192.168.3.1), do the following steps depending on whether your configuration is client-to-gateway or gateway-to-gateway: • Client-to-Gateway Configuration.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual b. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run. c. Type ping -t 192.168.3.1 and then click OK. Figure 4-34 This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the first FVS318v3. Within two minutes, the ping response should change from “timed out” to “reply.” Note: Use Ctrl-C to stop the pinging. Figure 4-35 Once the connection is established, you can open the browser of the PC and enter the LAN IP address of the remote FVS318v3.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 4-36 Note: The pings may fail the first time. If so, then try the pings a second time. Verifying the Status of a VPN Tunnel To use the VPN Status page to determine the status of a VPN tunnel, perform the following steps: 1. Log in to the VPN Firewall. 2. Open the FVS318v3 management interface and click VPN Status under VPN to get the VPN Status/Log screen (Figure 4-37). Figure 4-37 4-30 Basic Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual The Log shows the details of recent VPN activity, including the building of the VPN tunnel. If there is a problem with the VPN tunnel, refer to the log for information about what might be the cause of the problem. • Click Refresh to see the most recent entries. • Click Clear Log to delete all log entries. 3. Click VPN Status (Figure 4-37) to get the Current VPN Tunnels (SAs) screen (Figure 4-38).
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 2. Click on VPN Policies under VPN to get the VPN Policies screen below. Figure 4-39 3. Clear the Enable check box for the VPN tunnel you want to deactivate and click Apply. (To reactivate the tunnel, check the Enable box and click Apply.) To use the VPN Status page to deactivate a VPN tunnel, perform the following steps: 1. Log in to the VPN Firewall. 2. Click VPN Status under VPN to get the VPN Status/Log screen (Figure 4-40).
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 3. Click VPN Status (Figure 4-40) to get the Current VPN Tunnels (SAs) screen (Figure 4-41). Click Drop for the VPN tunnel you want to deactivate. Figure 4-41 Note: When NETBIOS is enabled (which it is in the VPNC defaults implemented by the VPN Wizard), automatic traffic will reactivate the tunnel. To prevent reactivation from happening, either disable NETBIOS or disable the policy for the tunnel (see “Deactivating a VPN Tunnel” on page 4-31).
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 4-34 Basic Virtual Private Networking v5.
Chapter 5 Advanced Virtual Private Networking This chapter describes how to use the advanced virtual private networking (VPN) features of the VPN firewall. See Chapter 4, “Basic Virtual Private Networking” for a description on how to use the basic VPN features. Overview of FVS318v3 Policy-Based VPN Configuration The FVS318v3 uses state-of-the-art firewall and security technology to facilitate controlled and actively monitored VPN connectivity.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • IKE Policies: Define the authentication scheme and automatically generate the encryption keys. As an alternative option, to further automate the process, you can create an IKE policy that uses a trusted certificate authority to provide the authentication while the IKE policy still handles the encryption. • VPN Policies: Apply the IKE policy to specific traffic that requires a VPN tunnel.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 5-2 The IKE Policy Configuration fields are defined in the following table. Table 5-1. IKE Policy Configuration fields Field Description General These settings identify this policy and determine its major characteristics. Policy Name The descriptive name of the IKE policy. Each policy should have a unique policy name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN endpoint. It is only used to help you identify IKE policies.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table 5-1. IKE Policy Configuration fields Field Direction/Type Description This setting is used when determining if the IKE policy matches the current traffic. The drop-down menu includes the following: • Initiator — Outgoing connections are allowed, but incoming are blocked. • Responder — Incoming connections are allowed, but outgoing are blocked. • Both Directions — Both outgoing and incoming connections are allowed.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table 5-1. IKE Policy Configuration fields Field Description Remote Identity Data IKE SA Parameters This field lets you identify the target remote FVS318v3 by name. These parameters determine the properties of the IKE Security Association.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 5-3 5-6 Advanced Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual The VPN – Auto Policy fields are defined in the following table. Table 5-2. VPN – Auto Policy Configuration Fields Field Description General These settings identify this policy and determine its major characteristics. Policy Name The descriptive name of the VPN policy. Each policy should have a unique policy name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN endpoint. It is only used to help you identify VPN policies.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table 5-2. VPN – Auto Policy Configuration Fields Field Description Traffic Selector These settings determine if and when a VPN tunnel will be established. If network traffic meets all criteria, then a VPN tunnel will be created. Local IP The drop-down menu allows you to configure the source IP address of the outbound network traffic for which this VPN policy will provide security. Usually, this address is from your network address space.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table 5-2. VPN – Auto Policy Configuration Fields Field Authentication Algorithm NETBIOS Enable Description If you enable AH, then use this menu to select which authentication algorithm will be employed. The choices are: • MD5 — the default • SHA1 — more secure Check this if you wish NETBIOS traffic to be forwarded over the VPN tunnel. The NETBIOS protocol is used by Microsoft Networking for such features as Network Neighborhood.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 5-4 5-10 Advanced Virtual Private Networking v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual The VPN Manual Policy fields are defined in the following table. Table 5-3. VPN Manual Policy Configuration Fields Field Description General These settings identify this policy and determine its major characteristics. Policy Name The name of the VPN policy. Each policy should have a unique policy name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN Endpoint. It is used to help you identify VPN policies.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table 5-3. VPN Manual Policy Configuration Fields Field Description Authentication Algorithm If you enable AH, then select the authentication algorithm: • MD5 — the default • SHA1 — more secure Enter the keys in the fields provided. For MD5, the keys should be 16 characters. For SHA-1, the keys should be 20 characters. Key - In Enter the keys. • For MD5, the keys should be 16 characters. • For SHA-1, the keys should be 20 characters.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table 5-3. VPN Manual Policy Configuration Fields Field Description Enable Authentication Use this check box to enable or disable ESP authentication for this VPN policy. Authentication Algorithm If you enable authentication, then use this menu to select the algorithm: • MD5 — the default • SHA1 — more secure Key - In Enter the key. • For MD5, the key should be 16 characters. • For SHA-1, the key should be 20 characters.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Each CA has its own certificate. The certificates of a CA are added to the FVS318v3 and then can be used to form IKE policies for the user. Once a CA certificate is added to the FVS318v3 and a certificate is created for a user, the corresponding IKE policy is added to the FVS318v3.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Note: Before installing the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client software, be sure to turn off any virus protection or firewall software you may be running on your PC. FVS318v3 Scenario 1: Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets The following is a typical gateway-to-gateway VPN that uses a preshared secret for authentication. 172.23.9.0/24 10.5.6.0/24 Gateway A 10.5.6.1 14.15.16.17 Gateway B Internet 22.23.24.25 172.23.9.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • • • • MODP group 2 (1024 bits) Perfect forward secrecy for rekeying SA lifetime of 3600 seconds (one hour) with no kilobytes rekeying Selectors for all IP protocols, all ports, between 10.5.6.0/24 and 172.23.9.0/24, using IPv4 subnets This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVS318v3. You can verify this by reviewing the security settings as seen in the Figure 3-2 on page 3-4. Gateway A Scenario 1 10.5.6.1/24 LAN IP Gateway B FVS318 FVS318 14.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual WAN IP addresses ISP provides these addresses Figure 5-7 b. Configure the WAN Internet Address according to the settings above and click Apply to save your settings. For more information on configuring the WAN IP settings in the Basic Settings topics, please see “Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection” on page 2-11. c. From the main menu Advanced section, click the LAN IP Setup link.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 5-8 d. Configure the LAN IP address according to the settings above and click Apply to save your settings. For more information on LAN TCP/IP setup topics, please see “Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters” on page 7-2. Note: After you click Apply to change the LAN IP address settings, your workstation will be disconnected from the FVS318v3. You will have to log on with http://10.5.6.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual a. From the main menu VPN section, click on the IKE Policies link, and then click the Add button to display the screen below. Figure 5-9 b. Configure the IKE Policy according to the settings in the illustration above and click Apply to save your settings. For more information on IKE Policy topics, please see “IKE Policy Automatic Key and Authentication Management” on page 5-2. 4. Set up the FVS318v3 VPN -Auto Policy illustrated below.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual a. From the main menu VPN section, click on the VPN Policies link, and then click on the Add Auto Policy button. WAN IP address LAN IP addresses Figure 5-10 b. Configure the IKE Policy according to the settings in the illustration above and click Apply to save your settings. For more information on IKE Policy topics, please see “IKE Policy Automatic Key and Authentication Management” on page 5-2. 5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual FVS318v3 Scenario 2: FVS318v3 to FVS318v3 with RSA Certificates The following is a typical gateway-to-gateway VPN that uses Public Key Infrastructure x.509 (PKIX) certificates for authentication. The network setup is identical to the one given in Scenario 1. The IKE Phase 1 and Phase 2 parameters are identical to the ones given in Scenario 1, with the exception that the identification is done with signatures authenticated by PKIX certificates.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual . FVS318v3 Figure 5-11 c. Fill in the fields on the Add Self Certificate screen. – Name. Enter a name to identify this certificate. – Subject. This is the name that other organizations will see as the holder (owner) of this certificate. This should be your registered business name or official company name. Generally, all certificates should have the same value in the Subject field. – Hash Algorithm. Select the desired option: MD5 or SHA1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual d. Click the Next button to continue. The FVS318v3 generates a Self Certificate Request as shown below. Highlight, copy and paste this data into a text file. Figure 5-12 4. Transmit the Self Certificate Request data to the Trusted Root CA. a. Highlight the text in the Data to supply to CA area, copy it, and paste it into a text file. b. Give the certificate request data to the CA.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual FVS318v3 Figure 5-13e 5. Receive the certificate back from the Trusted Root CA and save it as a text file. Note: In the case of a Windows 2000 internal CA, the CA administrator might simply email it to back to you. Follow the procedures of your CA. Save the certificate you get back from the CA as a text file called final.txt. 6. Upload the new certificate. a. From the main menu VPN section, click the Certificates link. b.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual FVS318v Figure 5-14 7. Associate the new certificate and the Trusted Root CA certificate on the FVS318v3. a. Create a new IKE policy called Scenario_2 with all the same properties of Scenario_1 (see “FVS318v3 Scenario 1: Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets” on page 5-15) except now use the RSA Signature instead of the shared key. Figure 5-15 b.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Now, the traffic from devices within the range of the LAN subnet addresses on FVS318v3 A and Gateway B will be authenticated using the certificates rather than via a shared key. 8. Set up Certificate Revocation List (CRL) checking. a. Get a copy of the CRL from the CA and save it as a text file.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual a. Using our example, log in to the FVS318v3 on LAN A, go to the main menu Maintenance section and click the Diagnostics link. b. To test connectivity to the WAN port of Gateway B, enter 22.23.24.25, and then click Ping. c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway B. Within two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 5-28 Advanced Virtual Private Networking v5.
Chapter 6 Maintenance This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your ProSafe VPN Firewall . These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the main menu of the browser interface. Viewing VPN Firewall Status Information The Router Status menu provides status and usage information. From the main menu of the browser interface, click Maintenance, then select Router Status to view this screen. Figure 6-1Router Status screen 6-1 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual This screen shows the following parameters: Table 6-1. FVS318v3 Status fields Field Description System Name The System Name assigned to the firewall. Firmware Version The firewall firmware version. WAN Port These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall. MAC Address The MAC address used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall. IP Address The IP address used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual This screen shows the following statistics:. Table 6-2. Connection Status fields Field Description Connection Time The length of time the firewall has been connected to your Internet service provider’s network. Connection Method The method used to obtain an IP address from your Internet service provider. IP Address The WAN (Internet) IP address assigned to the firewall. Network Mask The WAN (Internet) subnet mask assigned to the firewall.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual This screen shows the following statistics: Table 6-4. Router Statistics fields Field Description Interface The statistics for the WAN (Internet), LAN (local), 802.11a, and 802.11b/g interfaces. For each interface, the screen displays: Status The link status of the interface. TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this interface since reset or manual clear. RxPkts The number of packets received on this interface since reset or manual clear.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Viewing a List of Attached Devices The Attached Devices menu contains a table of all IP devices that the firewall has discovered on the local network. From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Attached Devices to view the table, shown below. Figure 6-4Attached Devices menu For each device, the table shows the IP address, NetBIOS Host Name (if available), and Ethernet MAC address.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Router Upgrade heading to display the menu shown below. Figure 6-5Router Upgrade menu To upload new firmware: 1. Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR. 2. In the Router Upgrade menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of the binary (.BIN) upgrade file 3. Click Upload.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Settings Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below. Figure 6-6Settings Backup menu You can use the Settings Backup menu to back up your configuration in a file, restore from that file, or erase the configuration settings. Backing Up the Configuration To save your settings, select the Backup tab. Click the Backup button.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP address, you must use the reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. See “Restoring the Default Configuration and Password” on page 8-6. Changing the Administrator Password The default password for the firewall’s Web Configuration Manager is password. NETGEAR recommends that you change this password to a more secure password.
Chapter 7 Advanced Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your ProSafe VPN Firewall . These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the main menu of the browser interface. How to Configure Dynamic DNS If your network has a permanently assigned IP address, you can register a domain name and have that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers (DNS).
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 8. If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL, you may select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature. For example, the wildcard feature will cause *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org 9. Click Apply to save your configuration. Note: If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • • LAN IP addresses: 192.168.0.1 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks, and should be suitable in most applications. If your network has a requirement to use a different IP addressing scheme, you can make those changes in this menu. The LAN IP parameters are: • IP Address This is the LAN IP address of the firewall.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Using the Firewall as a DHCP server By default, the firewall functions as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server, allowing it to assign IP, DNS server, and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the firewall's LAN. The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the firewall. IP addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 3. Type the MAC Address of the PC or server. (Tip: If the PC is already present on your network, you can copy its MAC address from the Attached Devices menu and paste it here.) 4. Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table. Note: The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the PC contacts the firewall’s DHCP server. Reboot the PC or access its IP configuration and force a DHCP release and renew.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure 7-3Static Route Entry and Edit menu 2. Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box. (This is for identification purpose only.) 3. Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only. The static route will not be reported in RIP. 4. Select Active to make this route effective. 5. Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination. 6. Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • Your company’s network is 134.177.0.0. When you first configured your firewall, two implicit static routes were created. A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192.168.0.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a device on the 134.177.0.0 network, your firewall will forward your request to the ISP.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual b. To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet, select IP address range. Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range. c. To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet, select Only this PC. Enter the IP address that will be allowed access. 3. Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface. Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80.
Chapter 8 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your ProSafe VPN Firewall . After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem. Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the firewall, the following sequence of events should occur: 1. When power is first applied, verify that the PWR LED is on. 2. After approximately 30 seconds, verify that: a. The TEST LED is not lit. b.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual If all LEDs are still on one minute after power up: • Cycle the power to see if the firewall recovers. • Clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to 192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Restoring the Default Configuration and Password” on page 8-6. If the error persists, you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • If your firewall’s IP address has been changed and you don’t know the current IP address, clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to 192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Restoring the Default Configuration and Password” on page 8-6. • Make sure your browser has Java, JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are using Internet Explorer, click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 2. Turn off power to your firewall. 3. Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem. 4. When the modem’s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP, reapply power to your firewall. If your firewall is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, the problem may be one of the following: • Your ISP may require a login program. Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) or some other type of login.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP/IP terminal devices and firewalls contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device. The device then responds with an echo reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual – Verify that the IP address for your firewall and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet. Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your PC to a remote device. From the Windows run menu, type: PING -n 10 where is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual • Use the Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. Use this method for cases when the administration password or IP address are not known. 1. Press and hold the Reset button until the Test LED turns on and begins blinking (about 10 seconds). 2. Release the Reset button and wait for the firewall to reboot. Problems with Date and Time The E-Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the current date and time of day.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 8-8 Troubleshooting v5.
Appendix A Technical Specifications and Factory Default Settings You can use the reset button located on the front of your device to reset all settings to their factory defaults. This is called a hard reset. • To perform a hard reset, push and hold the reset button for approximately 5 seconds (until the TEST LED blinks rapidly). Your device will return to the factory configuration settings shown in Table A-1 below.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table A-1. Business Router Default Configuration Settings Feature Default Behavior DHCP Starting IP Address 192.168.1.2 DHCP Ending IP Address 192.168.1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual This appendix provides technical specifications for the ProSafe VPN Firewall . Table A-2. Technical Specificaions Specification Description Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) Power Adapter North America: 120V, 60 Hz, input United Kingdom, Australia: 240V, 50 Hz, input Europe: 230V, 50 Hz, input Japan: 100V, 50/60 Hz, input All regions (output): 12 V DC @ 1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual A-4 Technical Specifications and Factory Default Settings v5.
Appendix B Related Documents This appendix provides links to reference documents you can use to gain a more complete understanding of the technologies used in your NETGEAR product. Document Link Internet Networking and TCP/IP Addressing http://support.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a id/1198/kw/tcpip addressing Wireless Communications http://documentation.netgear.com/reference/enu/wireless/index.htm Preparing a Computer for Network Access http://documentation.netgear.com/reference/enu/wsdhcp/index.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual B-2 Related Documents v5.
Appendix C Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 This is a case study on how to configure a secure IPSec VPN tunnel on a NETGEAR FVS318v3. This case study follows the VPN Consortium interoperability profile guidelines (found at http://www.vpnc.org/InteropProfiles/Interop-01.html). This study covers the following situations: • FVS318v3 to FVS318v3 (see “The FVS318v3-to-FVS318v3 Case” on page 5). • FVS318v3 to FVS318v2 (see “The FVS318v3-to-FVS318v2 Case” on page 12).
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 10.5.6.0/24 172.23.9.0/24 VPN Consortium Example Network Interface Addressing Gateway B Gateway A LAN IP 10.5.6.1 14.15.16.17 22.23.24.25 WAN IP WAN IP LAN IP 172.23.9.1 Figure C-1 Configuring the Gateways Configure each gateway as summarized in Figure C-2 and Figure C-3. 1. Configure Gate A. a. Log in to the router at Gateway A. b. Use the VPN Wizard to configure this router.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Step 1: Click VPN Wizard on the Side Menu Bar Step 2: Enter the following: o Connection name o Pre-Shared Key (must be the same for each end) o Select “A remote VPN Gateway” Step 3: Enter the remote WAN’s IP address Step 4: Enter the following: o Remote LAN IP Address o Remote LAN Subnet Mask to Figure C-3 Figure C-2) Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Step 5: Verify the information (example screen) Example screen Figure C-3 Note: The default log in address for the FVS318v3 router is http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and default password of password. The login address will change to the local LAN IP subnet address after you configure the router. The user name and password will also change to the ones you have chosen to use in your installation.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Activating the VPN Tunnel You can activate the VPN tunnel by testing connectivity and viewing the VPN tunnel status information as described in the following flowchart: Start Fail Fail Test Step 1 Pass Ping Remote LAN IP Address Test Step 2 Pass Ping Remote WAN IP Address Fix the Router Network and then Retest Fix the VPN Tunnel and then Retest Test Step 3 View VPN Tunnel Status End Figure C-4 All traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table C-1. Policy Summary NETGEAR-Gateway A Static IP address NETGEAR-Gateway B Static IP address Configuring the VPN Tunnel Note: This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVS318v3. Gateway A Scenario 1 Gateway B FVS318v3 FVS318v3 10.5.6.1/24 LAN IP 14.15.16.17 WAN IP 22.23.24.25 WAN IP 172.23.9.1/24 LAN IP Figure C-5 Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration. 1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual – Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example) 3. Log in to the FVS318v3 labeled Gateway B as in the illustration (Figure C-5). Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen). Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the LAN IP address of http://172.23.9.1 at Gateway B. 4.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A VPN Parameter Entry Gateway B VPN Parameter Entry Continue as shown in Figure C-3 Continue as shown in Figure C-3 Figure C-6 Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters The VPN Wizard sets up a VPN tunnel using the default parameters from the VPN Consortium (VPNC). The policy definitions to manage VPN traffic on the FVS318v3 are presented in Figure C-7 and Figure C-8. C-8 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A VPN Policy Parameters Gateway B VPN Policy Parameters Figure C-7 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A IKE Parameters Gateway B IKE Parameters Figure C-8 Note: The Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints. The remote WAN and LAN IP addresses for one VPN tunnel endpoint will be the local WAN and LAN IP addresses for the other VPN tunnel endpoint. The VPN Wizard ensures the other VPN parameters are the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints. C-10 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVS318v3 according to the testing flowchart shown in Figure C-4. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway A LAN, do the following: 1. Test 1: Ping Remote LAN IP Address: To establish the connection between the FVS318v3 Gateway A and Gateway B tunnel endpoints, perform these steps at Gateway A: a.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual VPN Status at Gateway A (FVS318v3) Status of VPN tunnel from Gateway B 22.23.24.25 Status of VPN tunnel to Gateway B 22.23.24.25 VPN Status at Gateway B (FVS318v3) Status of VPN tunnel from Gateway A 22.23.24.25 Status of VPN tunnel to Gateway A Figure C-9 The FVS318v3-to-FVS318v2 Case Table C-2.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table C-2. Policy Summary NETGEAR-Gateway A Static IP address NETGEAR-Gateway B Static IP address Configuring the VPN Tunnel This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVS318v3 and FVS318v2. Gateway A Scenario 1 10.5.6.1/24 LAN IP Gateway B FVS318v2 FVS318v3 14.15.16.17 WAN IP 22.23.24.25 WAN IP 172.23.9.1/24 LAN IP Figure C-10 Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration. 1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual – Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example) 3. Log in to the FVS318v2 labeled Gateway B as in the illustration (Figure C-10). Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen). Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the LAN IP address of http://172.23.9.1 at Gateway B. 4.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A VPN Parameter Entry Gateway B VPN Parameter Entry Continue as shown in Figure C-3 Continue as shown in Figure C-3 Figure C-11 Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters The VPN Wizard sets up a VPN tunnel using the default parameters from the VPN Consortium (VPNC). The policy definitions to manage VPN traffic are presented in Figure C-12. Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A VPN Parameters (FVS318v3) Gateway B VPN Parameters (FVS318v2) Figure C-12 C-16 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Note: The Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints. The remote WAN and LAN IP addresses for one VPN tunnel endpoint will be the local WAN and LAN IP addresses for the other VPN tunnel endpoint. The VPN Wizard ensures the other VPN parameters are the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual 5. Test 3: View VPN Tunnel Status: To view the FVS318v3 and FVS318v2 event log and status of Security Associations, go to the FVS318v3 main menu VPN section and click the VPN Status link. For the FVS318v2, click Show VPN Status from the Router Status screen. VPN Status at Gateway A (FVS318v3) Status of VPN tunnel from Gateway B Status of VPN tunnel to Gateway B 22.23.24.25 22.23.24.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Table C-3. Policy Summary NETGEAR-Gateway A Static IP address NETGEAR-Gateway B Static IP address Configuring the VPN Tunnel This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVS318v3 and FVL328. Gateway A Scenario 1 10.5.6.1/24 LAN IP Gateway B FVL328 FVS318v3 14.15.16.17 WAN IP 22.23.24.25 WAN IP 172.23.9.1/24 LAN IP Figure C-14 Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration. 1.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual – Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example) 3. Log in to the FVL328 labeled Gateway B as in the illustration (Figure C-14). Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen). Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the LAN IP address of http://172.23.9.1 at Gateway B. 4.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A VPN Parameter Entry Gateway B VPN Parameter Entry Continue as shown in Figure C-3 Continue as shown in Figure C-3 Figure C-15 Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters The VPN Wizard sets up a VPN tunnel using the default parameters from the VPN Consortium (VPNC). The policy definitions to manage VPN traffic on the FVS318v3 and FVL328 are presented in Figure C-16 and Figure C-17. Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A VPN Policy Parameters Gateway B VPN Policy Parameters Figure C-16 C-22 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Gateway A IKE Parameters Gateway B IKE Parameters Figure C-17 Note: The Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints. The remote WAN and LAN IP addresses for one VPN tunnel endpoint will be the local WAN and LAN IP addresses for the other VPN tunnel endpoint. The VPN Wizard ensures the other VPN parameters are the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints. Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVS318v3 and FVL328 according to the testing flowchart shown in Figure C-4. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway A LAN, do the following: 1. Test 1: Ping Remote LAN IP Address: To establish the connection between the FVS318v3 Gateway A and FVL328 Gateway B tunnel endpoints, perform these steps at Gateway A: a.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual VPN Status at Gateway A (FVS318v3) Status of VPN tunnel from Gateway B Status of VPN tunnel to Gateway B 22.23.24.25 22.23.24.25 IPSec Connection Status at Gateway B (FVL328) Status of VPN tunnel to and from Gateway A Figure C-18 The FVS318v3-to-VPN Client Case Table C-4.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel Overview The operational differences between gateway-to-gateway and client-to-gateway VPN tunnels are summarized as follows: Table C-5. Differences between VPN tunnel types Operation Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels Exchange Mode Main Mode—The IP addresses of both gateways are known (especially when FQDN is used), so each gateway can use the Internet source of the traffic for validation purposes.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen). Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the LAN IP address of http://10.5.6.1 at Gateway A. 2. Use the VPN Wizard to configure the FVS318v3 at Gateway A.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure C-21 3. Set up the VPN Client at Gateway B as in the illustration (Figure C-19). a. Right-mouse-click the ProSafe icon ( ) in the system tray and select the Security Policy Editor. If you need to install the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on your PC, consult the documentation that came with your software. C-28 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual b. Add a new connection using the Edit/Add/Connection menu and rename it Scenario_1. (Scenario_1 is used in this example to reflect the fact that the connection uses the PreShared Key security scheme and encryption parameters proposed by the VPN Consortium, but you may want to choose a name for your connection that is meaningful to your specific installation. The name you choose does not have to match the name used at the gateway end of the VPN tunnel.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure C-23 d. Select Security Policy on the left hierarchy menu and then select Aggressive Mode under Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode (see Figure C-24). (The Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode choice must match the Exchange Mode setting for the General IKE Policy Configuration parameters shown in Figure C-21 for the gateway router.) C-30 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure C-24 e. Select My Identity on the left hierarchy menu and program the screen as follows (see Figure C-25): • • Under My Identity, select None for Select Certificate (since we are using a PreShared Key in this scenario). Then enter 12345678 for the Pre-Shared Key value. (The Preshared-Key value must match the value you entered in the VPN Wizard for the gateway Pre-Shared Key value shown in Figure C-20.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both ends of the VPN tunnel Figure C-25 f. Verify the Authentication (Phase 1) and Key Exchange (Phase 1) Proposal 1 screen parameters (see Figure C-26) match the IKE SA Parameters of the IKE Policy Configuration screen shown in Figure C-21 for the gateway router. Figure C-26 g. Save the Scenario_1 connection using Save under the File menu.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual You are new ready to activate the tunnel, but you must do it from the client endpoint (see “Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections” on page 33). In the client-to-gateway scenario, the gateway router will not know the client’s IP address until the client initiates the traffic.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual Figure C-27 4. Test 2: Ping Remote WAN IP Address (if Test 1 fails): To test connectivity between the Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow these steps: a. From a Windows Client PC, click the Start button on the taskbar and then click Run. b. Type ping -t 14.151.6.17, and then click OK. c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway A. Within two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual VPN Status at Gateway A (FVS318v3) Status of VPN tunnel from Gateway B Status of VPN tunnel to Gateway B 22.23.24.25 22.23.24.25 Connection Monitor at Gateway B (remote VPN Client) Status of VPN tunnel to and from Gateway A Figure C-28 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual C-36 Sample VPN Configurations with FVS318v3 v5.
Index A E Account Name 2-13 erase configuration 6-7 Auto Uplink 1-3 Ethernet 1-2 B exposed host 3-10 backup configuration 6-7 F Bigpond 2-14 factory settings, restoring 6-7 C CA 5-21 Certificate Authority 5-21 configuration automatic by DHCP 1-3 backup 6-7 erasing 6-7 restore 6-6 router, initial 2-1 content filtering 1-2, 3-1 firewall features 1-2 Flash memory, for firmware upgrade 1-1 front panel 1-5, 1-6 G General 5-3, 5-7, 5-11 H host name 2-13 crossover cable 1-3, 8-2 I D inbound rul
ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Reference Manual sending 3-15 Log Viewer 4-17 Logout 2-10, 2-11 M MAC address 8-6 spoofing 2-13, 8-4 metric 7-6 N NAT.
