PCI RAID Controller Installation Guide DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI P/N: 771971-D01
DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI RAID Controller Installation Guide Part Number 771971-D01 © Copyright 1997 Mylex Corporation. All Rights Reserved. All contents of this manual are copyrighted by Mylex Corporation. The information contained herein is the exclusive property of Mylex Corporation and shall not be copied, transferred, photocopied, translated on paper, film, electronic media, or computer-readable form; or otherwise reproduced in any way, without the express written permission of Mylex Corporation.
Notice This Manual describes the Mylex DAC960PG. Although reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of the information contained herein, this publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Class B Compliance THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES. OPERATION IS SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS: 1. THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE, AND 2. THIS DEVICE MUST ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE RECEIVED, INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
Declaration of Conformity Manufacturer’s Name: Mylex Corporation Manufacturer’s Address: 34551 Ardenwood Blvd. Fremont, CA94555-3607 USA Declares that the product: Product Name: 1, 2, and 3 Channel RAID Controller Model Number(s): DAC960PG, Fab. 550107 Rev. A Year of Manufacture: 1997 Conforms to the following Product Specification(s): EMC: EN 50081-1:1992/EN 55022:1992 Class B EN 50082-1:1992 - Generic Immunity EN 61000-4-2:1995,4kV CD, 8kV AD EN 50140:1995, 3 V/m, 80 - 1000 MHz, 80% EN 61000-4-4:1995, 0.
Community of Europe CE mark is rated for the DAC960PG as follows: CISPR 22 Radiated Emission EN55022, EN5082-1 Generic immunity standard for the following: IEC 801-2 ESD, IEC 801-3 Radiated, and IEC 801-4 EFT/Burst Warning! This is a Class B product. In a residential environment this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. Achtung! Dieses ist ein Gerät der Funkstörgrenzwertklasse B.
About This Manual This installation guide covers hardware set-up and configuration procedures necessary for the installation of a DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI Raid controller. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the DAC960PG, providing an overview of what the product is, operating system platforms that are supported, and the prerequisites for product installation. Chapter 2 is a functional description of the DAC960PG. This section also provides detailed configuration information, and discusses options.
Conventions Throughout the manual, the following conventions are used to describe user interaction with the product: bold The user must enter the bold text exactly as shown ↵ Press the Enter key Enter Press the key labeled “Enter” (or “Delete”, etc.
Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Product Description ........................................................................... 1-1 Standard Package Contents ............................................................. 1-4 Options ....................................................................................... 1-4 User-Supplied Items ................................................................... 1-4 Controller Functions and Features ....................................................
Chapter 3 Installation Installation Overview ......................................................................... 3-1 Requirements .................................................................................... 3-1 Optional Requirements ............................................................... 3-1 Before You Begin . . . ........................................................................ 3-2 DAC960PG Installation Checklist ...............................................
Appendix A Enclosure Management Introduction ........................................................................................A-1 SAF-TE ..............................................................................................A-1 Appendix B Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Product Description ...........................................................................B-1 Features .....................................................................................B-1 IBBU Components ............
Hot Replacement of Disks (“Hot Swap”) ............................................... 3 IBBU ..................................................................................................... 3 Intelligent Battery Backup Unit ............................................................. 3 Logical Drive States .............................................................................. 3 Logical Drives ....................................................................................... 4 Mirroring ..
Chapter 1 Introduction Product Description Figure 1-1. DAC960PG Three-channel RAID Controller The DAC960PG is a 1, 2, or 3-channel, high performance, PCI to UltraSCSI RAID controller.
Product Description • Scatter/gather for additional command efficiency • Hot standby disk support— a drive is ready to take over if a drive in the array should fail • Automatic sector remapping for recovery of and protection against defective media • User definable rebuild priority • SMART capable drive support for predictive failure analysis • SAF-TE fault/status management support • Support for tape and CDROM devices This controller supports 1, 2, or 3 wide Ultra-SCSI channels and uses a Mylex BA-81C15 S
Introduction Figure 1-2. DAC960PG Controller Component Layout 1, 2, or 3 connectors on the top edge of the DAC960PG provide the interface for internal SCSI devices. SCSI Channel 0 (and Channel 1 if installed) is also available on the end of the card for connecting to external disk array enclosures or other SCSI devices.
Standard Package Contents Standard Package Contents • DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI RAID controller with cache memory and Installation Guide manual ☛ Note A minimum of 4MB of memory is required for operation of the DAC960PG. • Configuration and Utilities software (DACCF 4.70 or greater) diskette and manual for controllers using firmware 4.x. • DAC Software Kit (NOS driver software version 1.06 or greater) diskettes and manual • Global Array Manager (GUI software v2.
Introduction Controller Functions and Features Key Features The key features of the DAC960PG include: • Configuration on Disk (COD) • Add Capacity • RAID/SCSI Disk Array Management • Automatic RAID Functions • Automatic On-board SCSI Termination • Enhanced System Performance • Increased System Availability • Multiple Operating System Support Configuration On Disk Disks and controllers will automatically reconfigure if the system is powered off and any of the following changes are made, and the system is s
Controller Functions and Features RAID/SCSI Disk Array Management • Supports multiple RAID levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 0 + 1) allowing the user to select the desired combination of storage capacity, data availability (redundancy) and I/O transfer performance for any data application • Connects up to 45 SCSI drives that can be grouped and managed as a single, large-capacity logical drive (up to 2 TeraBytes), as multiple large-capacity drive groups, or as individual drives (with a maximum of 32 system drives) •
Introduction Enhance SCSI Performance • Fast/Wide Ultra-SCSI channels provide high-performance data transfers at up to 40 MB/second/channel • PCI bus mastering provides up to 132 MB/second burst data rates • Tag-queuing to the drives allows processing of up to 64 simultaneous multi-thread system commands or data requests • User-defined performance-tuning through selectable cache write policy, variable stripe width, and rebuild priority to optimize controller performance during rebuild • Disconnect/reconnec
DAC960PG Specifications DAC960PG Specifications Controller DAC960PG Intel i960 RP® RISC 32-bit microprocessor, 33MHz CPU Memory Module Type Size Cache Write: Read: Error Protection EDO ECC RAM, 60ns, 72-pin SIMM, n x 40 (from a qualified vendor list - contact customer service for a list of approved memory components) Minimum: Optional: 4 MB 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 MB Selectable, Write Through or Write Back Always enabled Error Correction Code (with 40-bit EDO RAM) Firmware ROM Type Flash EEPROM, 256K
Introduction Specifications (continued) Electrical requirements 5V ± 5% @ 3.5 Amp (Max. plus cable termination power) Environmental Temperature Operating: 0°C to +55°C (+32°F to +131°F) Storage: -20°C to +70°C (-4°F to +158°F) Humidity Operating: 10% to 90% rh (non-condensing) Non-operating 10% to 90% rh Altitude Operating: Up to 10,000 ft. (3,048 m) Non-operating Up to 50,000 ft. (15,240 m) Form Factor Length 12.283 inches Width 4.2 inches Maximum Component Height .
DAC960PG Specifications 1-10 DAC960PG Installation Guide
Chapter 2 Functional Description Overview Figure 2-1. System Diagram Controller Components The I960 RP Processor The Intel 80960RP processor chip is the heart of the DAC960PG controller. The i960 RP is a CPU that arbitrates the primary and secondary PCI busses, the Ultra-SCSI interface, cache memory control, firmware control, and NVRAM data; thereby freeing the host’s CPU for other tasks.
Controller Components Cache Memory Subsystem The DAC960PG requires a minimum of 4 MB of on-board cache memory to operate and up to 128 MB of memory can be installed. The physical memory configuration for the DAC960PG is one 72-pin SIMM. The DAC960PG supports EDO (Extended Data Out) RAM. EDO RAM is a type of DRAM that has a performance level approaching that of Static RAM. The maximum amount of EDO RAM is 128 MB. The memory subsystem supports the ECC (Error Correction Code) form of error protection.
Functional Description The NVRAM stores data on the current configuration of the controller and its attached disk drives, and lists of pending write operations issued to any redundant drives. As the configurations change (for example, when a drive fails), the NVRAM keeps a record of the changes. These data are checksum protected so that after a power failure, the controller will recall the configuration and will restore consistency for all outstanding writes on restart. Figure 2-2.
Controller Components Ultra-SCSI Bus Interface The three Ultra-SCSI channels can be simultaneously accessed by dedicated BA81C15 PCI to Ultra-SCSI ASICs. Each channel supports up to 15 physical SCSI drives. The DAC960PG supports Wide Ultra-SCSI as well as earlier SCSI standards. The DAC960PG delivers SCSI data transfer rates up to 40 MB per second per channel. Configuration on Disk Firmware 4.x provides Configuration on Disk (COD).
Functional Description Separate Disk-stripe Size and Cache-line Size Firmware 4.x supports the configuration of disk-stripe sizing and cache-line sizing independently. This gives the user more flexibility in adjusting performance. This can be set using the DACCF utility version 4.7 or greater. System Drive Size Extensions Firmware 4.x supports system disk drive sizes of up to 2 TeraBytes. Support for Additional Target IDs per Channel Firmware 4.x supports up to 15 target IDs per channel.
SCSI Functions SCSI Functions The DAC960PG manages and controls the SCSI bus arbitration between the controller and its connected devices, and all SCSI activity of the connected devices. Multiple SCSI Format Support The standard DAC960PG provides at least one, and optionally up to three, SCSI channels for connecting disk drives or other devices, such as CD-ROM and tape drives.
Functional Description SCSI Address (Target ID) Selection Each drive or device on a specific SCSI channel must be configured for a target address (or target ID) that is different from all other devices on that channel. The target ID, a SCSI address number from 0 to 15, is assigned to each device attached to a SCSI channel during installation. The default SCSI address for the DAC960PG controller is target ID 7.
Drive Organization Drive Organization The DAC960PG controller organizes the SCSI drives connected to it as physical drives and logical units. Physical Drives (Drive Groups or Packs) Using the DAC960PG up to eight individual disk drives can be used together to form a pack or drive group of physical drives that will be used to comprise the array’s logical unit capacity.
Functional Description Configuration on Disk Figure 2-3. Configuration on Disk Examples Firmware 4.x provides Configuration on Disk (COD), which allows a RAID equipped computer to detect certain hardware changes on power-up or reset and automatically reconfigure accordingly. Mylex Format The necessary configuration information is stored in NVRAM on the controller as well as on the last 128 sectors on every hard disk that is currently part of the controller’s configuration.
Drive Organization If there is a mismatch, it means the device just read is an unidentified device. If a configuration header is not in the Mylex format, the corresponding drive is assumed to be new. Such a drive is also unidentified. If all drives connected to the controller are unidentified, the configuration is assumed to be new, and the controller initializes all drives as Mylex COD compatible drives.
Functional Description Figure 2-4. Configuration on Disk Flowchart Manual No.
RAID Management RAID Management RAID is an acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. The DAC960PG controller implements several different versions of the Berkeley RAID technology, and two special versions that are specific only to the DAC960 family of RAID controllers. Each version (referred to as a RAID Level) that is supported by the DAC960PG is shown in Table 2-2.
Functional Description RAID Techniques and Terms The techniques of disk striping, mirroring, and parity (redundancy) are fundamental elements of RAID technology performed by the DAC960PG. More detailed information on how to apply these techniques can be found in the DACCF Utilities Installation Guide and User Manual. or the GAM manual. JBOD (No RAID) JBOD is an acronym for Just a Bunch Of Disks. The disks function independently of one another, just as they would on a non-RAID SCSI controller. Figure 2-5.
RAID Management Striping (RAID 0) Striping refers to the storing of a sequential block of incoming data across multiple drives in a drive group. For example, if there are three drives in a drive group (or pack), the data will be separated into blocks. Block one of the data will be stored on drive one, block two on drive two, block three on drive three. Drive one will again be the location of the next block (block four); then, block five is stored on drive two, block six on drive three, and so on.
Functional Description Striping with Parity (RAID 3 and RAID 5) Striping with parity (rotated XOR redundancy) is a method of providing complete data redundancy that requires only a fraction of the storage capacity than mirroring for storing redundant information.
RAID Management Figure 2-10.
Functional Description Striping with Mirroring (RAID 0+1) RAID 0+1 (Mylex RAID 6) is a combination of RAID 0 (striping) and RAID 1 (mirroring). The advantages of RAID 0+1 are fully mirrored data and better performance than RAID 1. The disadvantage of RAID 0+1 is its 50% utilization capacity (if all drives are the same size).
Drive Management Drive Management The DAC960PG functions that monitor and control the operation of the physical drives and logical units are instrumental to the controller’s ability to perform RAID management and automated error recovery tasks. Controlling Physical Drive States The state of a physical drive refers to a SCSI drive's current operational status. At any given time, a SCSI drive can be in one of several states: ONLINE, STANDBY, READY, DEAD, REBUILD, or WRITE-ONLY.
Functional Description When the controller detects a failure on a disk, it kills that disk by changing its state to dead. A SCSI drive that is in the dead state does not participate in any I/O activity. No commands are issued to dead drives. Write-Only (WOL) A SCSI drive is in a write-only state if it was in the process of being rebuilt, that is ... • During a RAID 1 rebuild process, data is copied from the mirrored drive to the replacement drive.
Drive Management Critical A logical unit is considered critical when any failure of another of its physical drives may result in a loss of data. A logical unit is critical if it meets both of the following conditions: 1. It is configured for RAID 1, RAID 3, RAID 5 or RAID 0+1 2. One (and no more than one) of its physical drives is not on-line (refer to the description of Off-line, below. Off-line An off-line logical unit is one on which no data can be read or written.
Functional Description Using Standby Rebuild To use the automatic standby rebuild feature, it is necessary to always maintain a standby disk in the system. A standby disk can be created when the DAC960PG configuration is created or changed using the DACCF software utility, all disks attached to the controller that are On-line and not assigned to a drive group will be automatically labeled as standby disks.
Drive Management When a disk reports a media error during a write, the controller issues a REASSIGN command to the disk, and writes the data out to a new location on the disk. Checking Disk Consistency A consistency check is a process that verifies the integrity of redundant data. For example, performing a consistency check of a mirrored drive assures that the data on both drives of the mirrored pair are exactly the same.
Functional Description Cache Management The DAC960PG provides performance enhancement of data transfers through its on-board cache memory. The controller supports cache memory sizes from 4 MB (minimum) to 128 MB (maximum). Cache memory is allocated by the controller memory management functions for Read Cache and Write Cache. Write cache policy is user-selectable for each logical unit to achieve optimum performance within specific applications. Read Cache Read cache is always enabled by the controller.
Cache Management 2-24 DAC960PG Installation Guide
Chapter 3 Installation Installation Overview This chapter describes the installation of the DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI RAID controller hardware and the proper connection and configuration of its attached SCSI devices Requirements The following items are required to perform the installation: • DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI RAID controller with memory installed • Host system with an available PCI slot • Configuration & Utilities diskette containing the DACCF utility • SCSI cable(s) to interconnect the controll
Before You Begin . . . Before You Begin . . . Installing the DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI RAID controller is no more difficult than installing any PCI adapter card. Just follow these commonsense rules and the installation procedures should go flawlessly: , WARNING Working with the covers off and power applied to the system can result in shock and serious injury. 1. REMOVE POWER from the system before starting. 2.
Installation Installation Notes: DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI RAID Controller Setup: There are no jumper settings on the DAC960PG to be configured by the user. Controller termination is automatic as long as the end of the SCSI bus away from the controller is properly terminated. If there are devices connected only to an internal connector or only to an external connector of a channel, on board termination for that channel will be automatically enabled.
Before You Begin . . .
Installation Drive Channel 2 SCSI ID Device Description Termination Enabled Drive Group 0 ___________________ ________ ______ 1 ___________________ ________ ______ 2 ___________________ ________ ______ 3 ___________________ ________ ______ 4 ___________________ ________ ______ 5 ___________________ ________ ______ 6 ___________________ ________ ______ 7 Reserved for DAC960PG N/A N/A 8 ___________________ ________ ______ 9 ___________________ ________ ______ 10 _
Before You Begin . . . DAC960PG Installation Checklist ____ 1. POWER-OFF all enclosure and system components. ____ 2 Prepare the host system according to its documentation. ____ 3. Determine the SCSI ID and termination requirements. ____ 4. Check the DAC960PG jumper settings (only pins 1 & 2 on JP12 should have a jumper). ____ 5. Mount the controller into the system; connect the cables and terminators. ____ 6. Identify the capacities of each of the connected drives (<2 GB size?). ____ 7.
Installation Connectors and Jumpers Figure 3-1. DAC960PG Component Locations Table 3-1. Jumper Blocks and Connectors Component Description Default Setting JP4 Connector for harness to front panel LEDs (optional) - JP5 Not used - JP10 Select manufacturing diagnostics - Do Not Install JP12 Jumper pins 1&2 for +5V RP - Leave at Default Pins 1&2 Battery Backup Connector - If Battery Backup is not installed, a loopback plug must be installed. Loopback Installed J5 Manual No.
Connectors and Jumpers External LED Connector Figure 3-2. Pinout of Connector J4 Table 3-2. Status LED Indicators (from JP4) Connector Indicator Meaning if ON JP4, Pin 2 SCSI Activity One or more of the SCSI channels on the controller is transmitting or receiving data. JP4, Pin 6 Cache Dirty (Write Pending) The cache memory on the DAC960PG contains data that is more current than the data on the hard drive(s).
Installation SCSI Termination Terminating a SCSI chain is accomplished either by adding a terminator to the each end of the SCSI bus, or by terminating the devices closest to each of the two ends of the SCSI bus. ☛ Note The use of an external terminal at the end of the SCSI bus away from the DAC960PG is preferred to terminating the SCSI device at that end, as this allows devices to be added to or removed from the SCSI bus without having to add or remove termination.
SCSI Termination Figure 3-3.
Installation Terminating External Disk Arrays If the all the SCSI devices on a channel are connected to the external connector of a channel, the end of the SCSI bus farthest from the controller must have a terminator installed. The DAC960PG will automatically enable on board termination at its end of the SCSI bus. m Caution The external connector of the DAC960PG must only be connected to the end of a SCSI bus, not anywhere in between the ends, or proper termination cannot be ensured. Figure 3-4.
SCSI Termination Terminating Combined Internal and External Disk Arrays If some SCSI devices are connected to the internal connector of a channel, and some SCSI devices are connected to the external connector of the same channel, the two ends of the SCSI bus farthest from the controller must each be terminated. The DAC960PG will automatically disable its on board SCSI termination. Figure 3-5.
Installation Configuring the SCSI Devices SCSI disk drives and other devices that will be connected to the controller will need a certain amount of preparation before they are installed. This may include setting jumpers to control termination power on the bus, drive spinup order, and parity protocols Setting Device Termination Power SCSI backplanes and cables connected to the DAC960PG should be configured to apply SCSI terminator power. SCSI backplanes frequently have this feature enabled.
SCSI Cabling SCSI Cabling Three things must be kept in mind while cabling the controller to the drives: • SCSI Bus Termination • System Performance • SCSI Cable Length. Every SCSI channel needs to be properly terminated with an appropriate SCSI terminator, as previously mentioned. In general, no drives should be terminated, and all drives must be shunted to supply TERMPWR on the SCSI bus.
Installation Cable Lengths Generally speaking, as SCSI data transfer rates increase, maximum allowable cable lengths decrease. Transfer rates of 5 MB/sec for 8-bit SCSI or 10 MB/sec for 16-bit SCSI will normally allow a 6 meter (20 foot) maximum cable length on a channel. Transfer rates of 40 MB/sec for 16-bit Ultra SCSI permit a maximum cable length of only 1.5 meters, if more than 4 devices are on the channel.
SCSI Cabling Connecting Non-Disk Devices Non-disk SCSI devices, such as a tape drives or CD-ROM drives, will need to have their own unique SCSI ID, regardless of the channel of the DAC960PG to which they are connected. For instance, the general rule for UNIX systems is to set the tape to SCSI ID 2, the CD-ROM to SCSI ID 5, with both devices connected to channel 0. Figure 3-7.
Installation You can work around this problem by connecting the non-disk devices to one channel of the DAC960PG, while connecting the hard drives to the other channels. However, most people do not wish to give up one channel of a high-performance, caching disk array controller for this purpose. The simple solution is to use a dedicated Bus Logic SCSI host bus adapter for connecting all non-disk devices.
Cache Battery Backup Option Cache Battery Backup Option The optional cache battery backup provides temporary protection for unwritten data in the controller’s cache memory in the event of a system reset or power loss. Data maintained in the cache will be written to disk after power is restored. The optional cache battery backup module is available for the DAC960PG to provide, in the event of a power failure, battery backup to the SIMM module installed on the controller.
Chapter 4 Start-up Sequences Introduction This chapter describes the DAC960PG start-up procedures and messages produced by the BIOS during start-up or re-boot. This chapter also explains three BIOS options to be considered: BIOS enable/disable, CD-ROM boot enable/disable, and a 2 or 8 Gigabyte Disk Drive Geometry setting. The DAC960PG BIOS provides a single threaded interface to access up to eight logical units (system drives) on each controller. The Firmware 4.
Setting BIOS Options This will be followed by: Spinning up drives.... DAC960PG Firmware Version 4.nn-n-n DAC960PG Memory = xMbytes (DRAM) Press Alt-M for BIOS options At this point, the user has the option of holding down the Alt key and pressing the M key to go into the BIOS options menu (see the following subsection Setting BIOS Options). If the user does nothing, the sequence continues. Next, the BIOS tries to locate the DAC960PG.
Start-up Sequences Figure 4-1. BIOS options Menu Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the BIOS options to be toggled. While a desired option is highlighted, press the Enter key to toggle the option. ☛ Note If the BIOS is disabled, it will not be possible to change the other options. If the boot drive is on a DAC960PG, then drive geometry changes should not be attempted unless the boot drive is going to be reformatted.
Setting BIOS Options Figure 4-2. BIOS Options Menu when Drive Geometry Option is Selected Press the Esc key to exit the BIOS options menu.
Start-up Sequences Figure 4-3. BIOS Options Menu Prior to Exit BIOS Enable or Disable The default for this option is for the BIOS to be enabled. Disabling the BIOS prevents the DAC960PG from being the boot controller. While the BIOS is disabled, it will not be possible to make changes to the other BIOS options. CD-ROM Boot Disable or Enable The default for this option is for the CD-ROM boot to be disabled (e.g., the system will boot from a hard drive.
Error Messages Enable 8 GByte or 2 GByte Drives This option can be toggled between 8 gigabyte and 2 GB drive geometries. The default is 2 GB. This setting affects how the BIOS reads the disk drives. The drive geometry must be set and then the drive must be formatted (or reformatted). The DAC960PG ships with the default BIOS geometry set to 2 GB. This means that the BIOS will only be able to see the firsst 2 gigabytes of any drive that has been configured on the DAC960PG.
Start-up Sequences Drive Check Error Messages If the firmware finds a valid DAC960PG configuration, but it doesn't match the SCSI drives currently installed, one or more of the following messages will be displayed: Unidentified device found at channel x.... Device identified for chn x, tgt y found at chn x', tgt y' SCSI device at chn x, tgt y not responding If any of the above messages are displayed, the firmware will not proceed any further in the initialization process, except to find other mismatches.
Error Messages x, tgt y... No system drives found: None installed X system drives installed The BIOS repeats the same process for additional DAC960PG controllers present in the system. Then it proceeds to boot, if possible, from the first system drive on the first DAC960PG controller.
Start-up Sequences Aborted Installation With Firmware 4.x, the installation aborted message is displayed when the BIOS finds that the configuration of the disk drives, as stored in the NVRAM and configuration on disk, is different from what it sees at boot time. When this happens, (and a brand new installation is not being attempted) the cause is often a faulty cable or drive, or a loose connection. Check all of the connectors, cables, drives, and try to boot.
System Reboot or Power Down 4-10 DAC960PG Installation Guide
Appendix A Enclosure Management Introduction The DAC960PG supports enclosure management protocols. This feature allows the host to monitor drive enclosures and detect certain faults or operating environment conditions. The host can make a decision to shut down the system or issue a warning based on the type of fault detected. The DAC960PG supports the industry standard enclosure management protocol SCSI Accessed Fault-Tolerant Enclosures (SAF-TE).
SAF-TE A-2 DAC960PG Installation Guide
Appendix B Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Product Description The Intelligent Battery Backup Unit (IBBU) is an add-on module that provides power to the DAC960PG PCI to Ultra-SCSI RAID Controller cache memory in the event of a power failure. The battery backup module monitors the write back cache on the DAC960PG, and provides power to the cache if it contains data not yet written to the drives when power is lost.
IBBU Specifications IBBU Specifications Electrical On-board Battery Electrical Properties • 3 NiCd 1.2 V, 650 mAH cells, connected in series for a total of 3.6V at 650mAH Physical Description • Nominal pack size (in inches): 1.89(L) X 2.01(W) X 0.33 (H) Battery Charge Life Depends upon memory in use External Battery Not supported Module Dimensions Length: 3.75 inches Width: 2.
Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Functional Description General Operational Description The IBBU consists of the following five blocks 1. Electronic switches that connect between VCC and the DC-DC converter output to VBB (actual voltage being applied). 2. Power fail (PF) detector that detects the presence or absence of VCC. 3. Charger and battery block 4. DC-DC converter to convert 3.6 vdc from the battery to 5 vdc for backup power. 5.
Functional Description The battery power meter indicates the battery capacity in hours. It will indicate a charge duration of up to 100 hours. The firmware will detect the Mylex supplied SIMM and assign a value based upon the charge level of the battery and the power consumption rate of the SIMM. m Caution Do not use SIMMs which are not supplied by Mylex without first contacting Mylex Technical Support. The charge level meter displays the charge state of the battery expressed in percent.
Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Installation Mechanical Installation Procedure Tools Needed The only tool needed for the installation is a small, flat-blade screwdriver Procedure 1. If the DAC960PG is not already removed from the system, power the system down and then remove the DAC960PG. 2. Remove the loopback plug from J5 on the DAC960PG. Keep the loopback plug in a safe place, in case the IBBU needs to be removed at a later time. Figure B-2.
Installation 3. Remove the protective pin cover and peel-off label from J1 on the IBBU. 4. Leaving the 4 standoffs attached to the IBBU, remove a nylon screw from the free end of each nylon standoff. Figure B-3. Installing the IBBU onto the DAC960PG 5. Install the IBBU so that J1 on the IBBU connects to J5 on the DAC960PG. Pin 1 on the IBBU’s J1 must connect to hole 1 on the DAC960PG’s J5.
Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Operation Battery Conditioning Prior to Use Battery conditioning is automatic. There are no manual procedures for battery conditioning or preconditioning to be performed by the user. Set-up – Enabling the Write-Back Cache The write-back cache is enabled by toggling the write-back/write-through mode switch. The write-back/write-through mode switch is accessed in either DACCF or in GAM.
Battery Backup Capacity Battery Backup Capacity Battery backup capacity is defined as the maximum duration of a power failure for which data in the cache can be maintained by the battery. The IBBU’s backup capacity varies with the memory configuration installed on the DAC960PG. Battery backup capacity can be reasonably expected according to Tabe 4-1 Table 4-1. IBBU Capacity vs.
Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Removing the Battery Backup Module The battery backup module will need to be removed for one of the following reasons: 1. The NiCd battery will no longer accept a charge properly (NiCd battery life expectancy is approximately 5 years). 2. The cache memory needs to be removed from the DAC960PG for replacement or upgrade. , WARNING Do not attempt to install, remove, or change a cache SIMM on the DAC960PG with the IBBU installed.
Battery Backup Capacity m Caution If you plan to operate your DAC960PG without the IBBU, be sure to reinstall the loopback plug (see the “Mechanical Installation Procedure” section and Figure B-2). Recycling the Battery The on-board battery that comes with the IBBU has the logo of the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (RBRC) stamped on it. The recycling fees have been prepaid on this battery pack. m Caution Do not dispose of a rechargeable battery with regular trash in a landfill.
Intelligent Battery Backup Unit Information on the RBRC program and the locations of participating recycling centers can be obtained by telephoning 1–800–8–BATTERY (in the USA), and following the recorded instructions. The information obtained from this telephone number is updated frequently, since the RBRC program is growing, and new recycling locations are being added regularly. Manual No.
Battery Backup Capacity B-12 DAC960PG Installation Guide
Glossary Battery Backup Unit See “Intelligent Battery Backup Unit.” Cache Controller memory used to speed up data transfer to and from a disk. Cache Flush Refers to an operation where all unwritten blocks in a Write-Back Cache are written to the target disk. This operation is necessary before powering down the system. Cache Line Size See “Segment Size.” Channel Refers to one SCSI bus on a DAC960 Series controller.
Glossary Disk Failure Detection The controller automatically detects SCSI disk failures. A monitoring process running on the controller checks, among other things, elapsed time on all commands issued to disks. A time-out causes the disk to be “reset” and the command to be retried. If the command times out again, the disk could be “killed” (taken “offline”) by the controller (its state changed to “dead”). DAC960PG controllers also monitor SCSI bus parity errors and other potential problems.
Glossary Hot Replacement of Disks (“Hot Swap”) The design of the DAC960 Series controllers allows for the replacement of failed hard disk drives without interruption of system service. In the event of a SCSI drive failure on a properly configured system (where the data redundancy features of the controller are used), system service continues without interruption. A message is generated by the system to alert the system operator.
Glossary Critical: A Logical Drive is in a “critical” state if... It has been configured at RAID level 1, 3, 5, or 0+1; and One (and only one) of its SCSI drives is not “online.” A logical drive is considered “critical” because any failure of another of its SCSI drives may result in a loss of data. ☛ Note I/O operation can only be performed with system drives that are online or critical. Offline: A Logical Drive is in an “offline” state if... No data can be read from it or written to it.
Glossary RAID RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. The DAC960PG controllers implement this technology to connect up to 15 SCSI devices per channel. Several different forms of RAID implementation have been defined. Each form is usually referred to as a “RAID level.” All the RAID levels supported by DAC960 Series controllers are shown below. The appropriate RAID level for a system is selected by the system manager or integrator.
Glossary ☛ Note The host operating system drivers and software utilities remain unchanged regardless of the level of RAID installed. The controller makes the physical configuration and RAID level implementation Replacement Table A replacement table contains information regarding which SCSI devices have been replaced by others through standby replacement.
Glossary Ready: A SCSI disk drive is in a “ready” state if it... Is powered on; and Is available to be configured during the current session but remains unconfigured. Online: A SCSI disk drive is in an “online” state if it... Is powered on; and Has been defined as a member of a drive group; and Is operating properly. Standby: A SCSI disk drive is in a “standby” state if it... Is powered on; and Is able to operate properly; and Was NOT defined as part of any drive group.
Glossary Session Refers to the period of time between any two consecutive system shutdowns. System shutdown may be either a power off/on, or a hardware reset. Standard Disk Drive This term refers to a hard disk drive with SCSI, IDE, or other interface, that is attached to the host system through a standard disk controller.
Glossary During the automatic rebuild process, system activity continues as normal. System performance may degrade slightly during the rebuild process. To use the standby rebuild feature, you should always maintain a standby SCSI disk in your system. When a disk fails, the standby disk will automatically replace the failed drive and the data will be rebuilt. The system administrator can disconnect and remove the bad disk and replace it with a new disk.
Glossary Stripe Width The number of striped SCSI drives within a drive group. Striping Refers to the storing of a sequential block of incoming data across multiple SCSI drives in a group. For example, if there are 3 SCSI drives in a group, the data will be separated into blocks and block 1 of the data will be stored on SCSI drive 1, block 2 on SCSI drive 2, block 3 on SCSI drive 3, block 4 on SCSI drive 1, block 5 on SCSI drive 2 and so on.
Glossary Write Back Cache Refers to a caching strategy whereby write operations result in a completion signal being sent to the host operating system as soon as the cache (not the disk drive) receives the data to be written. The target SCSI drive will receive the data at a more appropriate time, in order to increase controller performance. An optional cache battery backup can be used to protect against data loss as a result of a power failure or system crash.
Glossary Glossary-12 DAC960PG Installation Guide
Index A E Aborted Installation 4-9 Enable BIOS 4-5 Enabling the Write-Back Cache B-7 Enclosure Management A-1 Error Management Disk Media 2-21 Error Messages 4-6 Drive Check 4-7 Start-up 4-6 B Battery and Charge Circuit B-4 Battery Backup Capacity B-8 Battery Charger B-4 Battery Conditioning B-7 Battery Recycling B-10 BIOS Enable or Disable 4-5 BIOS Options 4-2 BIOS Start-up Sequence 4-1 C Cable Lengths 3-15 Cabling SCSI 3-14 Cabling and Termination 2-6 Cache Battery Backup 3-18 Cache Management 2-23 C
Installation Checklist 3-6 DAC960PG 3-1 IBBU B-5 Notes 3-3 Overview 3-1 Requirements 3-1 Interface PCI Bus 2-3 PCI bus 2-3 Ultra-SCSI bus 2-4 S N SAF-TE A-1 SCSI Address Selection 2-7 SCSI Cabling 3-14 SCSI Device Configuration 3-13 SCSI Functions 2-6 SCSI Termination 3-9 Setting BIOS Options 4-2 Specifications DAC960PG 1-8 Standard Package Contents 1-4 Start-up Error Messages 4-6 Start-up Sequences 4-1 Stripe Order 2-17 Stripe Size 2-17 Stripe Width 2-17 Striping Terminology 2-17 System Power Down 4-9 S
