Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Multi-Protocol Router with Internal T1 DSU Model MTASR2-203 User Guide
User Guide S0000007 Revision A RouteFinder (Model MTASR2-203) This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without prior expressed written permission from Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1999, by Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Furthermore, Multi-Tech Systems, Inc.
Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Preview of this Guide .................................................................................................................................. 6 Front Panel ...............................................................................................................................
Chapter 6 - Service, Warranty and Tech Support Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 54 Limited Warranty .............................................................................................................................................. 54 On-line Warranty Registration .........................................................................................................
Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Introduction Welcome to Multi-Tech's new RouteFinder™, model MTASR2-203, providing secure and seamless LAN-to-LAN routing capability over a Point-to-Point T1 or Fractional T1 (FT1) service. The MTASR2-203 supports several LAN-to-LAN configurations and a wide range of routing protocols including IP and IPX routing with MAC-layer bridging for all other protocols.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration Chapter 3 describes the RouteFinder-T1 software loading procedure and configuration of the RouteFinder for IP, IPX, or Spanning Tree Protocol. The physical WAN port is configured for synchronous or asynchronous communication. The RouteFinder software diskettes are Windows® based. Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software Chapter 4 describes the RouteFinder software package designed for the Windows® environment.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Front Panel The front panel contains four groups of LEDs that provide the status of the LAN connection, the T1 DSU activity, WAN Link activity, and general status of the RouteFinder. The Ethernet LEDs display the activity of the LAN whether the RouteFinder is connected to the LAN, transmitting or receiving packets, and if a collision is in progress. The T1 DSU LEDs show whether the T1 is on line or in a failure mode. The WAN Link LEDs display the status of the link (i.e.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Back Panel The cable connections for the RouteFinder are made at the back panel. The cable connectors on the back panel are shown in Figure 1-3 and defined below. RS232/V.35 COMMAND I T1 DSU 10BASET POWER O Figure 1-3. Back Panel RS-232/V.35 Connector The RS-232/V.35 connector is used to connect the RouteFinder to a WAN device (used primarily for Dial back-up).
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Shunts A shunt on the RS-232/V.35 connector (WAN 2) port allows the same connector to be configured for an ITU-T V.35 electrical interface signaling or EIA-232C/D signaling. The ITU-T V.35 signaling levels are generally more reliable for high speed data and/or longer cable distances. The EIA-232C/D signaling is intended for data rates of 19.2 Kbps or less and cable lengths of 50 feet or less. For higher speeds and/or longer distances, the V.35 is generally preferred.
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Description Specifications The RouteFinder conforms to the following specifications. • Routing Protocols - IP and IPX and bridging for all others • WAN Interface - 1 async or sync link (RS-232C/V.35) • Command Port - 19.2 Kbps asynchronous • T1 DSU - 1.544 Mbps synchronous • Ethernet LAN Interface - 10Base-T (twisted pair) • Two 4-megabyte DRAMs (1 meg by 36 bytes at 70 nanosecond SIMMs) Caution: SIMM speed and size cannot be mixed.
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Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Chapter 2 - Installation
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Introduction This chapter includes safety warning information and guides you through the unpacking and installation of your RouteFinder. The installation procedure, provides step-by-step instructions on cabling and powering-on your unit. Chapter 3 provides instructions on loading and configuring the software. Unpacking www.multitech.
Chapter 2 - Installation Cabling your RouteFinder Cabling your RouteFinder involves connecting the Command Port, T1 DSU, Ethernet, and power . If the optional WAN 2 port (RS-232/V.35 connector) is used, refer to “Optional WAN 2 Cabling.” Figure 2-2 shows the back panel connectors and the associated cable connections. To connect the cables to your RouteFinder, do the following. RS232/V.
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Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration
RouteFinderT1 User Guide Introduction Before you start loading your software, you will need to contact your local telco to find out how your T1 service is being provided. The software loading procedure does not provide every screen or option in the process of installing the RouteFinder software. It is assumed that a technical person with a thorough knowledge of Windows and the software loading process is doing the installation.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration 4. The Choose Destination Location dialog box is displayed. If you accept the default Destination Folder, press Enter or click Next > to continue. If you do not accept the default Destination Folder, click Browse, define your Destination Folder, and then press Enter or click Next > to continue. 5. The Select Program Folder dialog box is displayed. The word “RouteFinder-T1” in the Program Folders text box will become the name of the icon group.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide 7. The Setup Complete dialog box is displayed. Click Finish to continue. 8. The Setup dialog box asking “Do you want to download default setup?” is displayed. Click Yes to download the default setup. Clicking No prevents the defaults from being downloaded to the RouteFinder. You are returned to the program manager, and in Windows 98/95/NT you will see an open window with shortcut icons for all the various utility programs provided in the RouteFinder software. 9.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration 11. The Novell IPX Protocol Default Setup dialog box is displayed. 12. If your network protocol is IPX, continue with the following steps. However, if your network protocol is IP, click the IPX Routing Enable check box to disable IPX, then click OK and proceed to step 17. 13. Router Name: If this is the only RouteFinder on your network, you can use the default Router Name (MTROUTER); otherwise, you must assign a new Router Name in this field.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide 17. If you disabled IPX and then clicked OK from the IPX Protocol Default Setup dialog box (step 12), the IP Protocol Default Setup dialog box is now displayed. 18. To change the IP parameters, proceed to the next step. Otherwise, click on the OK button to open the WAN Ports Default Setup dialog box, then advance to step 24. 19. The default Ethernet IP Address has to be changed to your unique LAN address. Assign an acceptable unique IP Address to the Ethernet port. 20.
Chapter 3 - Software Loading and Configuration 24. Click OK when you are satisfied with your selections. 25. The Default T1 Parameters dialog box is displayed. Set the T1 Framing Format to match that of your T1 Service provider. The D4 Framing Format is a 193-bit frame format that uses the 193rd-bit for framing and signaling information. The D4 Framing Format uses 12 frames. The Extended SuperFrame (ESF) Framing Format uses 24 frames and provides CRC error detection and 4Khz Facility Data Link (FDL). 26.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide 29. The Checking Router dialog box is displayed. Click OK. 30. The Writing Setup dialog box (with the current date and the file size in bytes) is displayed as the software sends the configuration file to the RouteFinder. 31. Next, the Rebooting dialog box is displayed. Check to ensure that the Boot LED on the RouteFinder goes Off after the download is complete and the RouteFinder is rebooted (the Rebooting dialog box goes away). 32.
Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software
RouteFinderT1 User Guide Introduction This chapter describes how to make changes in the configuration of the RouteFinder’s software and discusses the impact of the changes. The major configuration parameters were set during the loading of the software (Chapter 3). The RouteFinder software and configuration utilities allow you to make changes to the initial configuration.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software Router Configuration The RouterFinder-T1 Router Setup menu has 14 buttons (two rows of five buttons plus one row with four buttons) that enable you to display and change the protocol stacks, define the output of the RouteFinder, perform network management functions, test the communications link, print messages received from the target RouteFinder, and download setup information to the RouteFinder.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide The Remote IP Address defines the IP address for the destination end of a point-to-point link and is necessary only of the selected WAN port has been enabled for point-to-point operation. Note: the remote IP address must fall within the same IP network as the local IP address. The Frame Type option defines the MAC layer frame encapsulation to be used for IP transmissions from the specified port.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software optimization of routes in an environment that uses multiple routing protocols. For example, when RIPv2 is being run on a network along with another IGP, and one router is running both protocols, then that router can indicate to the other RIPv2 routers that a better next-hop than itself exists for a given destination. The Authentication group is the RIPv2 mechanism for authenticating the sender of the routing eliminates the vulnerability of the routing infrastructure.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide The Advanced tab controls the timers, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) options, the default route, Filters, OSPF, and Static Routes. In most cases, you should not have to change any of the timers (i.e., default TTL, Reassembly Timeout, RIP Response Time, and RIP Route Aging Time). The DNS Resolver is supplied for remote Telnet clients when the router is configured for remote access and the terminal server application is enabled.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a common TCP/IP routing protocol that provides robust and efficient routing support in the most demanding Internet environments. OSPF calculates routes using the number of routers, the transmission speed, expected delays, and the cost of the route. Version 2 of the OSPF protocol is designed to be run internal to a single Autonomous System.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide IPX Setup The IPX Virtual Port Setup dialog box controls the four frame types and set up the two WAN ports. The Advanced tab enables IPX routing, Auto Learn of Ethernet Network Numbers, and the distributed name of the RouteFinder can be designated or changed.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software The Advanced tab contains options which control the routing of the protocol, enable auto learn of Ethernet network numbers, define the broadcast name of the RouteFinder, and control IPX filtering. If bridging of IPX packets is desired, IPX routing must be disabled and frame type support for the frame type must be enabled. Bridging consumes more bandwidth; therefore, it should be used only when required.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide Spanning Tree Setup When Bridging is enabled, the Spanning Tree Setup dialog box controls simple transparent bridging between two remote Ethernet LANs. However, if your internetwork contains any loops or redundant links, then the Spanning Tree algorithm must also be enabled. If you use only the IP and IPX protocols, leave bridging disabled to allow the RouteFinder to operate more efficiently. The RouteFinder defaults with transparent bridging enabled on all ports.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software WAN Port Setup The WAN Port Setup dialog box allows you to configure various parameters for the WAN connections including T1 Framing Format and line coding for WAN1, mode and connection method for WAN 2, Backup port if WAN 2 is to be used for dial backup, and the Advanced tab. The three tabs labeled WAN 1(T1), WAN 2, and Backup Port are used to configure their respective ports, and the Advanced tab is used to enable features for all three ports.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide The T1 Line Type and Length group is used to set the type and length of the T1 line. The line can be set up as either a short haul line or a long haul line. The default setting is CSU (0db) or DSX-1 (0133ft), which is a long haul line type. CSU allows the DSX-1 signal to be transmitted up to 6000 feet at Line Build Out (LBO) options of 7.5db, 15db, or 22.5db. DSX-1 is a short haul line type often referred to as “Cross-connect” within the telco central office.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software The WAN Port Setup Advanced tab contains options which control message printing and script printing, modem type control, and ISDN TA control. The Message Printing Control group allows you to enable items that you want to be displayed on console messages. These messages can be useful as diagnostic and troubleshooting tools but should remain disabled (unchecked) under normal circumstances to avoid possible degradation of router performance.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide Point-to-Point Setup The PPP Port Setup dialog box controls the WAN port protocol and dial on demand (DOD). The WAN port protocol can be either Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) or Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP). Of these two protocols, PPP is the more robust as it allows the end-points to negotiate the use of the link and protocol parameters in a standardized way and also allows for standardized encapsulation of the packets.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software Frame Relay Setup The Frame Relay Setup dialog box displays the Management Type, details of that management type, and the number of DLCIs that are active. Frame Relay parameters have to be set up exactly as they are provisioned from the network service. Therefore, it is important not to change any Frame Relay parameters; and, when adding new DLCIs that they agree with the way your frame relay service is provisioned.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide Frame Relay DLCI The Frame Relay DLCI dialog box initially displays one DLCI in the total DLCI’s window. This DLCI is provided as an example of a DLCI and has not been mapped to any protocol or logical WAN. To add a new DLCI Number, enter the number in the DLCI window (e.g., 200). You do not have to enter the leading zeros. When you click the Add button, the new DLCI appears in the Configured DLCI’s window.
Chapter 4 - RouteFinder Software Applications Setup The Applications Setup dialog box lets you set up support for Telnet, TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), WEB, and Asynchronous Gateway servers in the RouteFinder. This dialog box is displayed by clicking Others on the Router Setup dialog box. Telnet is an applications level protocol commonly found in IP-based networks that allow terminal emulation at a remote workstation.
RouteFinderT1 User Guide Diagnostics The RouteFinder is equipped with a built-in diagnostics utility that can be accessed through the COM port of your PC (remote users cannot access the diagnostics). Click Built-in Test on the Router Setup menu and the Diagnostics dialog box is displayed. In the Test Port group, select the Ethernet, WAN 1(T1), or WAN 2 port and then click Test to start diagnostic testing.
Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Introduction This chapter provides procedures for viewing or changing the configuration of a remote unit. Two methods are provided to access a remote unit; the first method is modem based and the second method is using IP. Within the IP method, three applications can be used: 1) LAN-Based using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), 2)Telnet as a client application, or 3) a standard web browser on the Internet.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management Verify that the Communication Type field is set for COM port and the Select Port field is set for the COM port of your local PC. In the Dial String field, enter the AT command for dialing (ATDT) plus the phone number of the remote RouteFinder .
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide LAN-Based The LAN-based remote configuration requires a Windows Sockets compliant TCP/IP stack. TCP/IP protocol software must be installed and functional before the configuration program can be used. 1. You must assign an Internet (IP) address for the PC and for each node that will be managed by the configuration program. Refer to the protocol software documentation for instructions on how to set the IP addresses.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management 6. The Router Setup dialog box is then displayed. This is the dialog box for the remote RouteFinder. You can select any of the available buttons and change the configuration (or setup) and download the changes to the remote RouteFinder. Refer to Chapter 4 for a description of the RouteFinder software. For definitions of each dialog box or fields within a dialog box, refer to the on-line Help provided in the software. 7.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Remote Management This section describes typical client applications that can be used to configure the RouteFinder remotely. It is important to note that although any subsequent changes to configuration can be made using these applications, the initial setup and configuration of the RouteFinder must be done on the local PC using the RouteFinder software provided with your unit.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management Router Management The Router Management Menu provides five functional options in addition to the option of escaping and closing the Telnet session. Dial-Out The Dial-out option (Option 1) on the Router Management Menu enables a Telnet user to configure the WAN port for a dial-out session. The default configuration of 115200 bps, 8N1 can be used for the dialout session, or the user can specify each parameter for the port (e.g.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide WEB Browser Management The RouteFinder can be accessed from anywhere on the connected Internet through its built-in WEB Browser interface. To enable this function, you must check this option in Other setup. Depending on the rights of the user (read/write, or read only), it is possible to view the current parameters and statistics of the RouteFinder as well as configure and download setup changes to the unit.
Chapter 5 - Remote Configuration and Management Note: The first user to access the RouteFinder will have read/write rights over the unit. All subsequent users will have read only rights, and therefore, some of the options within the WEB interface will be inactive (i.e., will not be linked).
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Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Chapter 6 - Service, Warranty and Tech Support
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Introduction This chapter starts out with statements about your RouteFinder two-year warranty. The next section, Tech Support, should be read carefully if you have questions or problems with your RouteFinder. It includes the technical support phone numbers, space for recording your product information, and an explanation of how to send in your RouteFinder should you require service.
Chapter 6 - Service, Warranty and Tech Support Tech Support Multi-Tech Systems has an excellent staff of technical support personnel available to help you get the most out of your Multi-Tech product. If you have any questions about the operation of this unit, call 1800-972-2439. Please fill out the RouteFinder information (below), and have it available when you call.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Service If your tech support specialist decides that service is required, your RouteFinder may be sent (freight prepaid) to our factory. Return shipping charges will be paid by Multi-Tech Systems. Include the following information with your RouteFinder: • a description of the problem. • return billing and return shipping addresses. • contact name and phone number. • check or purchase order number for payment if the RouteFinder is out of warranty.
Chapter 6 - Service, Warranty and Tech Support The Multi-Tech BBS For customers who do not have Internet access, Multi-Tech Systems maintains a bulletin board system (BBS) that mirrors its FTP site. Information available from the BBS includes new product information, product upgrade files, and problem-solving tips. The phone number for the Multi-Tech BBS is (800) 392-2432 (USA and Canada) or (612) 785-3702 (international and local).
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide 7. If you select Zmodem, the file will transfer automatically. If you select another protocol, you may have to initiate the transfer yourself. (In most data communications programs, the PAGE DOWN key initiates the download.) 8. When the download is complete, press ENTER to return to the File Menu. 9. To exit the BBS, type G and press ENTER.
Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Appendixes
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Appendix A - Cabling Diagrams Command Port Cable COMMAND 12345678 PIN NO. To COMMAND PORT Connector PIN NO. 1 1 2 2 TRANSMIT DATA (BA) 3 3 RECEIVE DATA (BB) 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 SIGNAL GROUND (AB) To DTE Device (Terminal Device; e.g.
Appendixes WAN 2 Cable (Dial back-up) 13 12 25 24 11 10 23 9 22 8 7 21 20 6 19 5 18 4 17 3 16 2 15 1 14 RS232C/V.24 * Link Cable PIN NO. To External Synchronous Modem/DSU Connector PIN NO. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 7 8 8 15 15 17 17 20 20 25 25 CHASSIS GROUND (AA) TRANSMIT DATA (BA) To RouteFinder RS-232C/V.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Appendix B - Script Language The script file can be used to automate certain operations. The script file is a text file containing a sequence of commands. The structure of a script file is succinctly expressed by the following grammar.
Appendixes the argument name in the formal parameter list by the keyword VAR; otherwise, the argument is passed by value. Only variables can be passed by address. Expressions like A+B, where A and B are integer variables can be passed by value but cannot be passed by address. Two basic types of variables are supported: INTEGER and STRING In the STRING, since the ASCII null character is internally used to indicate the end of the sequence, it cannot be part of the string.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Example Script: proc main; string login_prompt; string user_name; string password_prompt; string password; string shell_menu; string shell_menu_response; integer timeout; timeout=10; login_prompt=”login:”; user_name=”user1”; password_prompt=”Password:”; password=”user1”; shell_menu=”choice:”; shell_menu_response=”1”; transmit(“A”); wait(1) transmit(“T^M”); waitfor (“OK”,10); transmit (“A”); wait (1); transmit (“T”); wait (1); transmit (“DT963^M”); if (waitfor (login_prompt,60)) th
Appendixes Appendix C - Changing Shunt Position The RS-232/V.35 connector (WAN port) shunt must be moved to the V.35 position whenever you want to connect the RouteFinder to an external device with a V.35 interface. Do the following. 1. Ensure that all external cabling, including the power supply, is disconnected from the RouteFinder. 2. Turn the RouteFinder upside down and remove the cabinet mounting screw at the center back of the cabinet. Cabinet Mounting Screw Figure C-1. Cabinet Mounting Screw 3.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Appendix D - Setting Up Your Remote User Database The Remote User Database option allows you to add and configure a list of users who need to access the RouteFinder remotely. Remote User Database supports remote dial-in users for user name, password, and port availability through the Command port. Each dial-in user needs an entry in this database. You can add remote users, remove users, or edit information in the database. 1. Win3.
Appendixes 4. Build your user database by filling in the following fields for each user. User Name. The User Name can have as many as 39 characters. All printable characters are permitted with the restriction that no blanks are allowed in the user name. In dial-in and dial-out applications, the user name is treated as a case insensitive string. User Password. The User Password can have as many as 7 characters.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Appendix E - TCP/IP TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a protocol suite and related applications developed for the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1970s/80s specifically to permit different types of computers to communicate and exchange information with one another. TCP/IP is currently mandated as an official U.S. Department of Defense protocol and is also widely used in the UNIX community.
Appendixes The Application Layer protocols are examples of common TCP/IP applications and utilities, which include: • Telnet (Telecommunication Network): a virtual terminal protocol allowing a user logged on to one TCP/IP host to access other hosts on the network, described in RFC 854 ( ftp:// ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc854.txt). • FTP: the File Transfer Protocol allows a user to transfer files between local and remote host computers per IETF RFC 959 ( ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc959.txt).
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide educational organizations, .gov denotes government organizations, etc.). Next, you determine how many IP addresses you’ll need. This depends on how many individual network segments you have, and how many systems on each segment need to be connected to the Internet. You need an IP address for each network interface on each computer and hardware device. IP addresses are 32 bits long and come in two types: network and host. Network addresses come in five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.
Appendixes Appendix F - Regulatory Information Class A Statement FCC Part 15 This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide FCC Part 68 Telecom 1. This equipment complies with part 68 of the Federal Communications Commission Rules. On the outside surface of this equipment is a label that contains, among other information, the FCC registration number. This information must be provided to the telephone company. 2. As indicated below, the suitable jack (Universal Service Order Code connecting arrangement) for this equipment is shown.
Appendixes Canadian Limitations Notice: RINGER EQUIVALENCE NUMBER NOTICE: The ringer equivalence number (REN) assigned to each terminal device provides an indication of the maximum number of terminals allowed to be connected to a telephone interface, The termination on an interface may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the sum of the ringer equivalence numbers of all the devices does not exceed 5. NOTICE: The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment.
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Multi-Protocol Router with T1 DSU Glossary of Terms
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide A Access: The T1 line element made up of two pairs of wire that the phone company brings to the customer premises. The Access portion ends with a connection at the local telco (LEC or RBOC). Accunet Spectrum of Digital Services (ASDS): The AT&T 56K bps leased (private) line service. Similar to services of MCI and Sprint. ASDS is available in nx56/64K bps, where n=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12.
Glossary Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN): A bit that tells you that a certain frame on a particular logical connection has encountered heavy traffic. The bit provides notification that congestion-avoidance procedures should be initiated in the opposite direction of the received frame. See also FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification). Basic Rate Interface (BRI): An ISDN access interface type comprised of two B-channels each at 64K bps and one Dchannel at 64K bps (2B+D).
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Central Office (CO): The lowest, or most basic level of switching in the PSTN (public switched telephone network). A business PABX or any residential phone connects to the PSTN at a central office. Centrex: A multi-line service offered by operating telcos which provides, from the telco CO, functions and features comparable to those of a PBX for large business users. See also “Private Branch Exchange”, “Exchange”. Channel: A data communications path between two computer devices.
Glossary Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI): One of the six components of a frame relay frame. Its purpose is to distinguish separate virtual circuits across each access connection. Data coming into a frame relay node is thus allowed to be sent across the interface to the specified “address”. The DLCI is confirmed and relayed to its destination, or if the specification is in error, the frame is discarded.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Errored Seconds (ES): Any second of operation that all 1.544M bits are not received exactly as transmitted. Contrast “Error Free Seconds”. Error Free Seconds (EFS): Any second of operation that all 1.544M bits are received exactly as transmitted. Contrast “Errored Seconds”. ESF Error Event: A T1 error condition that is logged when a CRC-6 error or an out-of-frame (OOF) error occurs.
Glossary Frame: A group of data bits in a specific format to help network equipment recognize what the bits mean and how to process them. The bits are sent serially, with a flag at each end signifying the start and end of the frame. Frame Relay: A form of packet switching that uses small packets and that requires less error checking than other forms of packet switching. Frame relay is effective for sending “bursty” data at high speeds (56/64K, 256K, and 1024K bps) over wide area networks.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Interoperable: Devices from different vendors that can exchange information using a standard’s base protocol. I/O Addresses: Locations within the I/O address space of your computer used by a device, such as an expansion card, a serial port, or an internal modem. The address is used for communication between software and a device. IRQ Level (Interrupt Request Level): The notification a processor receives when another portion of the computer’s hardware requires its attention.
Glossary Local Loop: A transmission path, typically twisted-pair wire, between an individual subscriber and the nearest public telecommunications network switching center. The wires provide ISDN service, but require an NT1 at the user end and an LT at the network end. (AKA, “loop” or “subscriber loop”.) Logical Link Control (LLC2): In a local area network, the protocol that governs the exchange of transmission frames between data stations independently of how the transmission medium is shared.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide Off Premise Extension (OPX): An extension or phone that terminates in a location other than that of the PBX. Commonly used to provide a corporate member with an extension of the PBX at home. Ones Density: the measure of the number of logical 1s on a T1 line compared to a given total number of bits on that line; used for timing information in data recovery in AMI and B8ZS. On-Hook: The condition of a device which has not accessed a phone line.
Glossary PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network): A worldwide public voice telephone network that is used as a telecommunications medium for the transmission of voice, data and other information. Public Data Network (PDN): A packet-switched network that is available to the public for individual (“subscriber”) use. Typically, controlled by a government or a national monopoly.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide S Serial Port: The connector on a PC used to attach serial devices (those that need to receive data one bit after another), such as a mouse, a printer or a modem. This consists of a 9- or 25-pin connector that sends data in sequence (bit by bit). Serial ports are referred to as “COMx” ports, where x is 1 to 4 (i.e., COM1 through COM4). A serial port contains a conversion chip called a “UART” which translates between internal parallel and external serial formats.
Glossary T1: A digital transmission link capable of 1.544M bps. T1 uses two pairs of normal UTP, and can handle 24 voice conversations, each digitized at 64K bps. T1 is a standard for digital transmission in the U.S., Canada, Japan and Hong Kong. T1 is the access method for high-speed services such as ATM, frame relay, and SMDS. See also T Carrier, T1 line and FT1. T1 Channel Tests: A set of diagnostics that vary by carrier, used to verify a T1 channel operation.
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide U UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) (pronounced “you art”): A chip that transmits and receives data on the serial port. It converts bytes into serial bits for transmission, and vice versa, and generates and strips the start and stop bits appended to each character. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): A TCP/IP protocol describing how messages reach application programs within a destination computer. This protocol is normally bundled with IP-layer software.
Index Index Symbols 10Base T Connector ........................................................ 9 A Accessories, ordering .................................................... 58 Applications setup ......................................................... 41 ASCII String .................................................................... 21 Authentication ................................................................ 29 B Back panel, connectors ...................................................
RouteFinder-T1 User Guide P V Point-to-Point port setup ................................................. 38 Power connector .............................................................. 9 V.35 position ................................................................... 65 V.35 Shunt ...................................................................... 10 R W Recording RouteFinder information .............................. 55 Remote configuration LAN-based ...........................................
